CN113786815A - 一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113786815A
CN113786815A CN202111130766.8A CN202111130766A CN113786815A CN 113786815 A CN113786815 A CN 113786815A CN 202111130766 A CN202111130766 A CN 202111130766A CN 113786815 A CN113786815 A CN 113786815A
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chitosan
adsorbing material
graphene oxide
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刘果
李杰玲
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Guilin Qingyan Haolong Composite Material Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于吸附材料技术领域,本发明公开了一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料及其制备方法,该制备方法包括以下步骤:用壳聚糖作为原料,先将壳聚糖与戊二醛进行适度交联,再通过交联剂将肉桂酸接枝交联壳聚糖得到改性壳聚糖;再将氧化石墨烯溶于水中超声溶解得到氧化石墨烯悬浮液,然后将改性壳聚糖与氧化石墨烯悬浮液超声混合处理,同时调节pH值至中性,利用外加磁场条件进行分离、洗涤、干燥后即得。此技术方案克服了石墨烯自身易堆积,分散性差的缺点,而制备的吸附材料具有良好的机械强度和稳定性。

Description

一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附材料技术领域,更具体的说是一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
水是生命之源,我们的日常生活、农业生产以及工业合成都离不开水,随着工业经济的持续发展,所带来的水环境问题也日益突出,当前水环境污染主要方式是重金属污染物的排放,其排放到水体中不仅会毒害环境,影响环境生态平衡,还会对人体的健康造成严重影响,自然环境的自洁速率已经远远赶不上人类各种污染的排放速率,环境污染问题迫在眉睫。随着人们生活水平的提高和对自身健康保护意识的增强,水污染的绿色环保处理成为了当代首要处理的问题之一。
石墨烯是一种新型碳纳米轻质材料,具有独特的单原子层二维晶体结构,其具有超大的比表面积和丰富的孔隙结构,这一点成为其良好吸附性能的基础。但由于石墨烯表面呈现惰性状态,与其它介质的相互作用弱,且石墨烯片与片之间存在较强的范德华力,容易发生形变,例如石墨烯片的卷曲、层叠以及团聚等。如果石墨烯与复合纤维材料相容性差,会使石墨烯在纤维材料中分散不均匀,从而导致石墨烯片层卷曲或形成团聚,进而使得纤维材料在应用中形成应力集中点,最后的结果是很大程度上削弱了以石墨烯为增强相的纤维材料的性能。例如专利CN201611213243.9所公开的一种石墨烯聚氨酯海绵及其制备方法与应用,该吸附材料的吸附性能较差,且只能吸附油污污染物。专利CN202110391232.4所公开的一种基于氧化钨/石墨烯气凝胶的低铂复合材料及其制备方法和应用,该复合材料虽然可以应用于水污染的处理,但处理效果并不是很好。
在现有技术中,由于石墨烯自身具有易堆积,分散性差的缺点,所以,以石墨烯为主要吸附材料所制备的吸附材料用于水污染处理所达到的技术效果并不能使人满意,因此,如何提供一种工艺流程简单,无二次污染,且制备的吸附材料的吸附性能及机械性能均优良的吸附材料的制备方法成为了本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料及其制备方法,此方法以氧化石墨烯为载体,将改性壳聚糖修饰嫁接到其表面,制备的复合材料具有极强的吸附性能,且重复使用效果好,工艺流程简单、无二次污染。此方法主要解决了石墨烯自身易堆积,分散性差的缺点,防止了局部团聚现象,且制备的吸附材料具有较高的机械强度以及稳定性。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将壳聚糖、冰乙酸、戊二醛和水混合进行交联,得到交联壳聚糖;
S2、将所得交联壳聚糖和肉桂酸混合进行接枝反应,得到改性壳聚糖;
S3、将改性壳聚糖、氧化石墨烯悬浮液和戊二醛混合后调节pH为中性,得到吸附材料。
作为优选,在步骤S1中,按质量比添加原料,其中壳聚糖:冰乙酸:戊二醛:水=1~3:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.5:50~100;进一步优选为,壳聚糖:冰乙酸:戊二醛:水=2:0.3:0.5:100。
其中,加冰乙酸的目的是让壳聚糖溶解更充分。
作为优选,在步骤S2中,肉桂酸与步骤S1中添加的壳聚糖的质量比为0.5~1.5:1~3;进一步优选为,肉桂酸:壳聚糖=1:2。
作为优选,在步骤S3中,氧化石墨烯悬浮液由氧化石墨烯和水混合得到,按照质量比,其中氧化石墨烯:水:改性壳聚糖:戊二醛=0.5~2.5:9.5~18:1~3:0.1~0.5;进一步优选为,氧化石墨烯:水:改性壳聚糖:戊二醛=2:18:2:0.5。
作为优选,在步骤S3中,添加碳酸盐调节pH值,其中,碳酸盐为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠和碳酸钾中的一种;进一步优选为碳酸钠。
作为优选,在步骤S3结束后,通过外加磁场的方式将吸附材料从混合体系中分离出来,其中,外加磁场条件为:磁场强度为1~1.5T,磁化时间为6~10min;进一步优选为,磁场强度为1T,磁化时间为10min。
本发明还提供了一种由上述用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法制备得到的吸附材料。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明以碳酸盐作为调节pH值的碱性溶液,既能够达到改善溶液酸碱性的目的,又不会对溶液的性质产生其他影响。
本发明以肉桂酸接枝交联壳聚糖,可以防止其在酸性溶液中溶解并改善其金属吸附性能,提高壳聚糖的机械强度和稳定性。
本发明提供了一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料,克服了石墨烯自身易堆积,分散性差的缺点,防止了局部团聚现象,增强了吸附材料的机械性能,同时可以达到快速分离的目的。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
将20g壳聚糖,3g冰乙酸,5g戊二醛添加到1000g水中进行交联,再向交联壳聚糖溶液中添加10g肉桂酸进行接枝反应,然后用高速离心机(12000rpm)将所得产物进行离心,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤多次,洗涤至呈中性,并进行烘干处理。烘干后,将产物进行研磨称重,后期备用,从而制得改性壳聚糖。将20g氧化石墨烯加入到180g水中,超声1h得到氧化石墨烯悬浮液,再将5g戊二醛和20g改性壳聚糖与氧化石墨烯悬浮液超声混合处理,同时添加碳酸钠调节pH值至中性,再利用磁分离法将产物分离出来、洗涤多次、干燥后即得吸附材料。其中,外加磁场条件为:磁场强度为1T,磁化时间10min。
实施例2
将30g壳聚糖,3g冰乙酸,5g戊二醛添加到1000g水中进行交联,再向交联壳聚糖溶液中添加15g肉桂酸进行接枝反应,然后用高速离心机(12000rpm)将所得产物进行离心,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤多次,洗涤至呈中性,并进行烘干处理。烘干后,将产物进行研磨称重,后期备用,从而制得改性壳聚糖。将15g氧化石墨烯加入到160g水中,超声1h得到氧化石墨烯悬浮液,再将3g戊二醛和30g改性壳聚糖与氧化石墨烯悬浮液超声混合处理,同时添加碳酸钾调节pH值至中性,再利用磁分离法将产物分离出来、洗涤多次、干燥后即得吸附材料。其中,外加磁场条件为:磁场强度为1.2T,磁化时间8min。
将实施例1所制备的吸附材料进行金属离子吸附试验。
应用例1
不同重金属离子的吸附实验:量取60mL0.01mol/LPb2+,Hg2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Cd2+和Co2+溶液于6个250mL锥形瓶中(用一定梯度浓度的HCl溶液和NaOH溶液调节模拟废水水样溶液的pH为6),称取6份30mg实施例1所制备的吸附材料分别加入6个装有不同重金属溶液的锥形瓶中,在恒温37℃条件下,160rpm振荡吸附4小时,磁分离法进行分离后采用0.01mol/LEDTA溶液通过络合滴定法测定吸附平衡条件下的金属离子浓度。
平衡时的吸附量使用以下等式计算:
qe=(C0-Ct)V/m
其中,qe(mmol·g-1)表示达到平衡状态时吸附材料的吸附容量,C0和Ce(mol/L)分别是金属离子的初始和平衡浓度,V(mL)是溶液的体积,m(g)表示吸附材料的重量。
吸附率的计算公式:η=[(C0-Ct)/C0]×100%
实验结果:
Figure BDA0003280403270000071
结果显示该吸附材料对以上这几种重金属离子均具有优良的吸附性能,平均吸附率能达到89.8%,且从实验数据对比来看,该吸附材料对重金属离子的吸附具有选择性,且对Cd2+的吸附量最大。
应用例2
不同重金属离子的吸附实验:量取40mL 0.01mol/LPb2+,Hg2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Cd2+和Co2+溶液6个250mL锥形瓶中(用一定梯度浓度的HCl溶液和NaOH溶液调节模拟废水水样溶液的pH为6),称取6份45mg吸附材料分别加入6个装有不同重金属溶液的锥形瓶中,在恒温37℃条件下,160rpm振荡吸附4小时,磁分离法进行分离后采用0.01mol/LEDTA溶液通过络合滴定法测定吸附平衡条件下的金属离子浓度。
平衡时的吸附量使用以下等式计算:
qe=(C0-Ct)V/m
其中,qe(mmol·g-1)表示达到平衡状态时吸附材料的吸附容量,C0和Ce(mol/L)分别是金属离子的初始和平衡浓度,V(mL)是溶液的体积,m(g)表示吸附材料的重量。
吸附率的计算公式:η=[(C0-Ct)/C0]×100%
实验结果:
Figure BDA0003280403270000081
Figure BDA0003280403270000091
结果显示该吸附材料增加用量后对以上这几种重金属离子均具有优良的吸附性能,平均吸附率能达到95.8%。
应用例3
不同重金属离子的吸附实验:量取40mL 0.01mol/LPb2+,Hg2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Cd2+和Co2+溶液6个250mL锥形瓶中(用一定梯度浓度的HCl溶液和NaOH溶液调节模拟废水水样溶液的pH为6),称取6份60mg吸附材料分别加入6个装有不同重金属溶液的锥形瓶中,在恒温37℃条件下,160rpm振荡吸附4小时,磁分离法进行分离后采用0.01mol/LEDTA溶液通过络合滴定法测定吸附平衡条件下的金属离子浓度。
平衡时的吸附量使用以下等式计算:
qe=(C0-Ct)V/m
其中,qe(mmol·g-1)表示达到平衡状态时吸附材料的吸附容量,C0和Ce(mol/L)分别是金属离子的初始和平衡浓度,V(mL)是溶液的体积,m(g)表示吸附材料的重量。
吸附率的计算公式:η=[(C0-Ct)/C0]×100%
实验结果:
Figure BDA0003280403270000101
结果显示该吸附材料增加用量后对以上这几种重金属离子均具有优良的吸附性能,平均吸附率能达到96.4%。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将壳聚糖、冰乙酸、戊二醛和水混合进行交联,得到交联壳聚糖;
S2、将所得交联壳聚糖和肉桂酸混合进行接枝反应,得到改性壳聚糖;
S3、将改性壳聚糖、氧化石墨烯悬浮液和戊二醛混合后调节pH为中性,得到吸附材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,按质量比添加原料,其中壳聚糖:冰乙酸:戊二醛:水=1~3:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.5:50~100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,肉桂酸与步骤S1中添加的壳聚糖的质量比为0.5~1.5:1~3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,氧化石墨烯悬浮液由氧化石墨烯和水混合得到,按照质量比,其中氧化石墨烯:水:改性壳聚糖:戊二醛=0.5~2.5:9.5~18:1~3:0.1~0.5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,添加碳酸盐调节pH值。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳酸盐为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠和碳酸钾中的一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3结束后,通过外加磁场的方式将吸附材料从混合体系中分离出来。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磁场条件为:磁场强度为1~1.5T,磁化时间为6~10min。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述的用于水污染处理的吸附材料的制备方法制备得到的吸附材料。
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