CN113783260B - Battery replacing station based on modularized DC/DC converter and control method - Google Patents
Battery replacing station based on modularized DC/DC converter and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery power exchange station based on a modularized DC/DC converter and a control method thereof, comprising the following steps: a DC/AC converter, and a modular DC/DC converter composed of a first filter and a plurality of sub-modules; the plurality of submodules are connected in cascade and then connected to a direct current bus of the DC/AC converter through a first filter; the submodule is formed by connecting a battery pack to a half-bridge circuit through a direct current breaker, so that the cost of most PCS passive devices can be saved, the efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the circulation is avoided, and the stability problem of a multi-parallel structure is avoided. Meanwhile, the control method of the battery power exchange station based on the modularized DC/DC converter can realize random hot plug of the battery pack with inconsistent SOC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery replacement stations, and particularly relates to a battery replacement station based on a modularized DC/DC converter and a control method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The battery power exchanging station of the electric automobile or the electric bicycle can be used for rapidly supplementing electric energy for the corresponding electric carrying tool, and the structure of the traditional power exchanging station is shown in the figure 1. In this configuration, each battery pack is connected to an independent power conversion system (power conversion system, hereinafter referred to as PCS). Each PCS typically includes a two-level/three-level DC/AC converter and a non-isolated DC/DC converter. And a plurality of PCS are connected to the public alternating current bus in parallel, and grid connection is realized through a power frequency transformer.
However, the use of a large number of PCS leads to high cost of the battery exchange station, and when the battery pack is pulled out and replaced, each PCS needs to be disconnected from the ac bus first, and the battery pack to be charged can be connected to the grid for charging only after being inserted, so that hot plug of the battery pack cannot be realized.
In addition, the circulation current exists in the structure of the power exchange station, so that current is not equally divided, and certain PCS currents are overloaded to be taken out of operation, so that the overall efficiency and stability are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a battery power exchange station based on a modularized DC/DC converter, which can save most PCS passive device cost and improve efficiency compared with the traditional power exchange station structure with a plurality of PCS connected in parallel, has no circulation and has no stability problem of a multi-parallel structure.
To achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a modular DC/DC converter based battery exchange station comprising: a DC/AC converter, and a modular DC/DC converter composed of a first filter and a plurality of sub-modules;
the plurality of submodules are connected in cascade and then connected to a direct current bus of the DC/AC converter through a first filter;
the submodule consists of a battery pack connected to a half-bridge circuit through a direct current breaker.
Further, the DC/AC converter is connected to the medium-high voltage power grid through a second filter, an alternating current breaker and a transformer in sequence.
Further, the first filter is an LC filter composed of an inductance and a capacitance.
Further, the steady state value of the voltage of the direct current bus is determined by the DC/AC converter according to the grid-connected alternating current grid voltage.
Further, the submodules in the modularized DC-DC converter are divided into two main groups, namely a working group and a standby group, wherein K submodules exist in the working group, and the rest submodules are classified into the standby group;
the number of the submodules in the working group and the standby group is determined according to the maximum duty ratio, the minimum duty ratio and the minimum terminal voltage value of the battery pack allowed by the modularized DC/DC converter.
Further, the modular DC/DC converter uses a carrier phase-shifting pulse width modulation method.
The invention also discloses a control method of the battery power exchange station based on the modularized DC/DC converter, which comprises the sequencing selection control under the normal working condition, and specifically comprises the following steps:
dynamically sequencing and selecting the SOCs of all the battery packs at the beginning of each period;
in the charging process, K sub-modules with lower SOC are selected to enter a working group, and sub-modules with higher residual SOC enter a standby group;
in the discharging process, K sub-modules with higher SOC are selected to enter the working group, and the sub-modules with lower residual SOC enter the standby group.
Further, in the charging process, an inductance current reference value is determined according to the total charging constant power of K battery packs in the working group, reference waves output by inductance current control are transmitted to a modulator, and modulation signals are generated for K sub-modules in the working group;
or alternatively, the process may be performed,
in the discharging process, an inductance current reference value is determined according to the total discharging constant power of K battery packs in the working group, reference waves output by inductance current control are transmitted to a modulator, and modulation signals are generated for K sub-modules in the working group.
Further, the method also comprises SOC balance control under extreme working conditions, specifically: and when only K battery packs which are not fully charged are left in the charging station during charging or only K non-empty battery packs are left in the charging station during discharging, performing SOC balance control.
Further, the SOC equalization control includes:
calculating the SOC average value of K battery packs which are not fully charged or not empty;
and modifying the modulation reference wave of each sub-module by using a proportional controller according to the deviation between the SOC average value and the SOC of each battery pack, so that the average charging current of the battery pack with higher SOC in charging is smaller and the average discharging current of the battery pack with higher SOC in discharging is larger in the working pack.
The one or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
compared with the battery exchange station with the traditional structure, the battery exchange station based on the modularized DC/DC converter can save the cost of most PCS passive devices and improve the efficiency; meanwhile, no circulation exists in the structure; in addition, the stability problem of the multi-parallel structure does not exist in the cascade system.
The control method of the battery power exchange station based on the modularized DC/DC converter can realize random hot plug of the battery packs with inconsistent SOCs.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional power conversion station;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a battery power conversion station based on a modular DC/DC converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control method of a battery power exchange station based on a modular DC/DC converter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment discloses a battery exchange station based on a modular DC/DC converter, comprising: a DC/AC converter, and a modular DC/DC converter composed of a first filter and a plurality of sub-modules; the plurality of submodules are connected in cascade and then connected to a direct current bus of the DC/AC converter through a first filter; the sub-module is formed by a battery pack connected to a half-bridge circuit through a direct current breaker. Compared with the traditional multi-PCS parallel power exchange station structure, the multi-PCS parallel power exchange station structure can save the cost of most PCS passive devices and improve the efficiency, has no circulation, has no stability problem of the multi-parallel structure, and can reduce the cost and improve the efficiency and the stability.
The sub-module consists of a battery pack, a direct current breaker and a half-bridge circuit, wherein one sub-module consists of a battery pack connected to the half-bridge circuit through the direct current breaker, and the two ends of the battery are not connected with filter capacitors in parallel to avoid large impact current when the battery pack is plugged and unplugged.
The plurality of sub-modules are connected in cascade and then connected to a direct current bus of the DC/AC converter through a first filter, wherein the first filter is an LC filter (comprising an inductance L dc And capacitor C dc )。
The DC/AC converter is connected to the medium-high voltage power grid through a second filter, an alternating current breaker and a transformer in sequence.
Steady state value u of DC bus voltage dc The DC/AC converter is determined according to the voltage of the connected alternating current power grid.
N sub-modules in the modularized DC-DC converter are divided into two main groups, namely a working group and a standby group; a total of N sub-modules are arranged in the modularized DC-DC converter, and the modularized DC-DC converter is divided into two main types: the K sub-modules (battery packs) are divided into working groups, and the remaining R sub-modules (battery packs) are divided into standby groups. The values of K and R may be determined according to equation (1). The number of sub-modules in the active and standby groups is determined based on the maximum duty cycle, minimum duty cycle, and minimum terminal voltage value of the battery pack allowed by the modular DC/DC converter.
Where ceil/floor is an up/down rounding function, d max /d min Is the maximum/minimum duty cycle allowed by the modular DC/DC converter, u bat,min Is the minimum terminal voltage value of the battery pack and N is the total number of sub-modules in the modular DC-DC converter.
The modular DC/DC converter uses a carrier phase-shifting pulse width modulation method.
The battery replacement station based on the modularized DC/DC converter can be used for battery replacement of electric vehicles (electric automobiles/electric bicycles), so that most PCS passive device cost can be saved and efficiency can be improved; meanwhile, no circulation exists in the structure; in addition, the stability problem of the multi-parallel structure does not exist in the cascade system.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3, an object of the present embodiment is to provide a control method of a battery power exchange station based on a modular DC/DC converter, including: sequencing selection control under normal working condition and State-of-charge (SOC) equalization control under extreme working condition.
Sequencing selection control under normal working conditions: the SOCs of all N battery packs are dynamically ordered and selected at the beginning of each period. During charging, i.e. when the inductor current i L <At 0, K sub-modules with lower SOCs will be selected into the working group, and R sub-modules with higher SOCs will be selected into the standby group. When discharging, i.e. when inductor current i L >When 0, K sub-modules with higher SOC are selected to enter the working group, and R sub-modules with lower residual SOC are selected to enter the standby group.
In the charging process, an inductance current reference value is determined according to the total charging constant power of K battery packs in the working group, reference waves output by inductance current control are transmitted to a modulator, and modulation signals are generated for K sub-modules in the working group.
In the discharging process, an inductance current reference value is determined according to the total discharging constant power of K battery packs in the working group, reference waves output by inductance current control are transmitted to a modulator, and modulation signals are generated for K sub-modules in the working group.
In particular, since the DC/AC inverter can convert the steady state value u of the DC bus voltage dc Kept constant, inductor current i in a modular DC/DC converter L Tracking the total power P according to the charge/discharge of the battery by a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller ch */ P dis * Determined inductor current reference i L * Thereby controlling the charge/discharge power, i L * The calculation can be performed by the formula (2):
wherein P is bat,ch * /P bat,dis * Is a charge/discharge constant power reference value for each battery, K is the number of sub-modules (battery) in the active set.
In this embodiment, the reference wave of the inductor current control output is transmitted to the modulator, generating a modulation signal for the K sub-modules in the active set. The rest R sub-modules are bypassed, and the battery pack can be hot plugged only by operating the corresponding direct current circuit breaker when the power change requirement exists.
In this embodiment, once a full battery pack is removed from the R hot pluggable sub-modules during charging, a lower battery pack needs to be placed into the battery exchange station and the sub-modules will be selected to enter the active set to be charged from the next time period due to their lower SOC value. In the discharging process, the power-changing service is stopped, and any battery pack is forbidden to be plugged in and pulled out from the power-changing station, so that the discharging capacity is saved. Once the SOC value of one of the battery packs in the active set is lower than the SOC of any of the battery packs in the standby set, the sub-module is bypassed and replaced by a sub-module having a higher SOC value.
SOC equalization control under extreme conditions: during the charging process, in some specific time periods, when no power change is required, the number of full-charged battery packs only increases, and finally only K battery packs which are not fully charged are left in the power change station. As shown in fig. 3, when only K battery packs that are not fully charged remain in the battery exchange station during charging, SOC equalization control is performed.
In this embodiment, during the discharge, only K non-empty battery packs will gradually remain in the charging station as the discharge proceeds. When the electric quantity of one battery pack in the last K non-empty battery packs in the working pack reaches the SOC lower limit value, the discharging of the whole system is stopped, and the battery packs in the rest (K-1) sub-modules cannot be completely discharged. Therefore, at this time, SOC equalization control is also performed so that the battery pack with higher SOC is more discharged, while the battery pack with lower SOC is less discharged.
Wherein, SOC balance control includes:
average SOC of last K battery packs which are not fully charged (during charging)/not discharged (during discharging) ave Calculated as shown in formula (3):
based on the SOC average value SOC ave And the SOC value SOC of the jth battery pack j The deviation amount between the two is modified by using a Proportional controller (P) to modify the modulation reference wave of the j-th sub-module, so that in the working group, the higher the SOC is, the smaller the average charging current of the battery pack (i.e. the opposite relationship between the SOC value of the battery pack and the charging current is), and the higher the SOC is, the larger the average discharging current of the battery pack (i.e. the positive relationship between the SOC value of the battery pack and the discharging current is), i.e. the higher the SOC is, the greater the average discharging current of the battery pack is, i.e. the higher the average charging current of the battery pack is: the average charging current of the battery pack with higher SOC is smaller during charging, and the average charging current of the battery pack with lower SOC is larger; while the average discharge current of the battery pack with higher SOC during discharge is larger,while the average discharge current of the battery pack with lower SOC is smaller.
In this embodiment, the parameters of the proportional controller may be adjusted at each time period to ensure that a constant equalization rate is maintained with the SOC variation decreasing.
The steps involved in the apparatus of the above embodiment correspond to the structures in the first embodiment, and the description of the related structures in the first embodiment can be referred to in the description section of the related structures in the first embodiment.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A battery exchange station based on a modular DC/DC converter, comprising: a DC/AC converter, and a modular DC/DC converter composed of a first filter and a plurality of sub-modules;
the plurality of submodules are connected in cascade and then connected to a direct current bus of the DC/AC converter through a first filter;
the submodule consists of a battery pack which is connected to a half-bridge circuit through a direct current breaker;
the DC/AC converter is connected to the medium-high voltage power grid through a second filter, an alternating current breaker and a transformer in sequence;
the submodules in the modularized DC-DC converter are divided into two main groups, namely a working group and a standby group, wherein K submodules are arranged in the working group, and the rest submodules are arranged in the standby group;
the number of the submodules in the working group and the standby group is determined according to the maximum duty ratio, the minimum duty ratio and the minimum terminal voltage value of the battery pack allowed by the modularized DC/DC converter.
2. A battery plant based on a modular DC/DC converter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first filter is an LC filter consisting of an inductance and a capacitance.
3. A modular DC/DC converter based battery plant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the steady state value of the voltage of the DC bus is determined by the DC/AC converter from the AC grid voltage of the grid connection.
4. A battery exchange station based on a modular DC/DC converter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the modular DC/DC converter uses a carrier phase-shifting pulse width modulation method.
5. A control method of a battery exchange station based on a modularized DC/DC converter, adopting the battery exchange station based on the modularized DC/DC converter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising sequencing selection control under normal working conditions, specifically comprising:
dynamically sequencing and selecting the SOCs of all the battery packs at the beginning of each period;
in the charging process, K sub-modules with lower SOC are selected to enter a working group, and sub-modules with higher residual SOC enter a standby group;
in the discharging process, K sub-modules with higher SOC are selected to enter the working group, and the sub-modules with lower residual SOC enter the standby group.
6. The method for controlling a battery power exchange station based on a modularized DC/DC converter as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the charging process, an inductor current reference value is determined according to the total charging constant power of K battery packs in the working group, a reference wave outputted by inductor current control is transmitted to the modulator, and a modulation signal is generated for K sub-modules in the working group;
or alternatively, the process may be performed,
in the discharging process, an inductance current reference value is determined according to the total discharging constant power of K battery packs in the working group, reference waves output by inductance current control are transmitted to a modulator, and modulation signals are generated for K sub-modules in the working group.
7. The method for controlling a battery power exchange station based on a modularized DC/DC converter as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the SOC equalization control under extreme working conditions, specifically: and when only K battery packs which are not fully charged are left in the charging station during charging or only K non-empty battery packs are left in the charging station during discharging, performing SOC balance control.
8. The control method of a battery exchange station based on a modular DC/DC converter as claimed in claim 7, wherein the SOC equalization control includes:
calculating the SOC average value of K battery packs which are not fully charged or not empty;
and modifying the modulation reference wave of each sub-module by using a proportional controller according to the deviation between the SOC average value and the SOC of each battery pack, so that the average charging current of the battery pack with higher SOC in charging is smaller and the average discharging current of the battery pack with higher SOC in discharging is larger in the working pack.
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| Zhan Ma等.Multilayer SOH Equalization Scheme for MMC Battery Energy Storage System.《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS》.2020,第35卷(第12期),13514-13527. * |
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