CN113783234B - Photovoltaic power generation PV configuration and power limit optimization method with maximum net increase power generation capacity - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation PV configuration and power limit optimization method with maximum net increase power generation capacity Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation PV configuration and power limit optimization method with the maximization of net increase power generation capacity, belonging to the technical field of power electronics application. Step 1, carrying out mathematical modeling of PV, and extracting local solar irradiance and environmental temperature data; step 2, changing R s And K s The output force of the photovoltaic system is regulated by the value of (a); step 3, establishing an electrothermal model and a life model of the photovoltaic inverter, and calculating the life of the photovoltaic inverter; step 4, comparing the calculated life value of the photovoltaic inverter with a reference life value, and searching for PV configuration and power limit values meeting life requirements; step 5, calculating the net increase power generation capacity of the PV configuration and the power limit meeting the system life requirement, and selecting the PV configuration ratio R with the maximum net increase power generation capacity s And power limit K s And the optimization of parameters is realized. The invention provides a concept of net increase of the generated energy, and can select the optimal PV configuration and power limit value on the premise of meeting the service life requirement, thereby increasing the generated energy and reducing the system cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics application, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic power generation PV configuration and power limit optimization method with the maximization of net increase power generation capacity.
Background
In order to solve the global shortage of energy and the increasingly serious environmental problems, many countries are beginning to develop distributed generation (distributed generator, DG) technology, and a large amount of renewable energy is connected to the power system through grid-connected inverters [1,2] . It is expected that by 2025, renewable energy generation will exceed coal electricity as the first large power source in the world, accounting for one third of world generation and will account for 95% of global net generation, with solar power generation accounting for 60% of the newly installed capacity of renewable energy and wind energy accounting for 30%. The photovoltaic inverter is used as a key link of new energy photovoltaic power grid connection, and the service life and reliability of the photovoltaic inverter are widely focused.
In photovoltaic systems, where the cost of the photovoltaic module is relatively low, one common solution is to increase the PV configuration, deliberately design the power rating of the photovoltaic array higher than the power rating of the photovoltaic inverter so that the photovoltaic inverter will operate near its power rating for a greater proportion of the time so that more photovoltaic energy can be captured during off-peak production.
With the growing growth of photovoltaic grid-connected systems, the power grid faces a number of challenges, where the problem of excessive load on the grid infrastructure (e.g., transformers) during peak power generation caused by the volatility of photovoltaic power generation is particularly acute, and conventional maximum power tracking control (MaximumPowerPointTracking, MPPT) has failed to meet the requirements. In order to solve the problems, a control mode of variable power tracking (VariablePowerPointTracking, VPPT) is provided, so that on one hand, the light rejection can be reduced, the resources can be saved, and the output of the photovoltaic inverter can be reasonably regulated and controlled; on the other hand, because the energy storage device has high cost, the variable power is utilized to adjust the output, and the energy storage unit can be less or not matched, thereby greatly reducing the cost.
It has been found that PV configuration can increase power generation amount and reduce power generation cost, but can adversely affect reliability of the photovoltaic inverter, and power limitation can increase life of the photovoltaic inverter, but excessive power limit can cause degradation of the photovoltaic inverter utilization. Aiming at the current problems, the photovoltaic power generation PV configuration and power limit optimization method for maximizing the net increase power generation capacity is provided, the optimal PV configuration and power limit are selected, and the power generation capacity is increased to reduce the power generation cost of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photovoltaic power generation PV configuration and power limit value optimization method with the maximization of net increase power generation capacity, which is used for meeting the reliability and economical requirements of a photovoltaic system and mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing mathematical modeling of PV, extracting local solar irradiance and ambient temperature data, and importing the extracted data into a matlab/simulink simulation model to obtain a load current i c ；
Step 2, let PV configure the ratio initial value R s Initial value K of power limit value =1 s =0.7, then by changing R s And K s To adjust the photovoltaic systemOutput of system, PV configuration R s The adjusting range of (2) is 1-R s Less than or equal to 1.5, a power tracking limit value K s The adjusting range of (2) is 0.7-K s ≤1.2；
Step 3, establishing an electrothermal model and a life model of the photovoltaic inverter, and calculating the life of the photovoltaic inverter;
and 4, comparing the calculated service life value of the photovoltaic inverter with a reference service life value, and if the calculated service life value of the photovoltaic inverter does not meet the service life requirement of the system, returning to the step 2 to increase the PV configuration and the power limit value, and recalculating the service life of the photovoltaic inverter after changing the parameters. If the system life requirement is met, the PV configuration ratio R is output s And power limit K s Selecting all R meeting life requirement s And K s Taking a value;
step 5, calculating the net increase power generation capacity of the PV configuration and the power limit meeting the system life requirement, and selecting the PV configuration ratio R with the maximum net increase power generation capacity s And power limit K s And the optimization of parameters is realized.
In a photovoltaic power generation system, the output of the system can be changed by changing the PV configuration ratio, so that the service life of an inverter is influenced; the PV configuration ratio is the ratio of the sum of the nominal power of the installed photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic power generation system to the rated output power of the inverter, expressed as:
wherein: p (P) pv, rating Is the nominal power of the photovoltaic module; p (P) inv, rating of Rated power of the photovoltaic inverter; r is R s The ratio (Rong Peibi) is set for the photovoltaic module, and the PV configuration ratio is 1-R according to engineering requirements s ≤1.5。
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of PV configuration control, E Hair growth promoting agent To increase the force due to changing the PV configuration, as Rong Peibi R s At > 1, the output of the system increases significantly, and the higher the configuration, the greater the photovoltaic system output.
Output power P of photovoltaic inverter pv Limiting to below the available power P avai Is a certain of (a)Level, rather than always tracking Maximum Power Point (MPPT), changes the current output to the photovoltaic inverter by a power limit, where the power limit K, affects the life of the photovoltaic inverter s Expressed as:
wherein: p (P) vppt To define the power limit according to the requirement, P inv, rating of Rated power of the photovoltaic inverter; k (K) s For the ratio of the two, according to engineering requirements, the power limit value is 0.7 to less than or equal to K s ≤1.2。
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of power limit control, K s =1 is the photovoltaic output in the case of conventional maximum power tracking, K s The power limit control can lead to the reduction of the photovoltaic output and cause certain loss E Loss of The lower the power limit, the greater the loss and the higher the reliability of the inverter. To ensure the reliability of the inverter, a power tracking limit is generally chosen as the power rating (i.e., P inv, rating of ＝P vppt )。
Comprehensively consider the PV configuration ratio R s And power limit K s Adjusting the output of the photovoltaic system and calculating R s And K s And the service life of the photovoltaic inverter is prolonged when the parameters are changed.
As shown in fig. 5, t on Since solar irradiance and ambient temperature are slowly varying, the period of the low frequency junction temperature fluctuation is typically tens of seconds to hundreds of seconds, thus allowing the time length for sampling data to be several minutes without significantly affecting the overall accuracy of the result. And the fundamental frequency period t' on The junction temperature fluctuation of (2) is typically tens to hundreds of milliseconds, which is related to the frequency of operation of the photovoltaic inverter, with higher frequencies having smaller fluctuation periods. Compared with the low frequency, the fundamental frequency period has smaller fluctuation amplitude of junction temperature, but has high fluctuation frequency and more cycle times, and the service life of the photovoltaic inverter can be greatly influenced by accumulated damage. The switching period is due to the relatively high frequencyHigh, small, negligible fluctuations.
Establishing life models of IGBT and capacitor, and calculating different R s And K s And (3) carrying out service life analysis on the IGBT by using a Bayer's service life model under parameters, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein: delta T j T is the fluctuation of junction temperature jmin To minimum junction temperature, t on For heating time, I is the current passing through each bonding wire, D is the diameter of the bonding wire, V is the blocking voltage, A and beta 1 、β 2 、β 3 、β 4 、β 5 、β 6 Parameters of a Bayer's model;
the capacitor life model is:
wherein: l and L 0 The degree of damage under the conditions of use and test, V and V, respectively 0 Voltages under conditions of use and test, T and T, respectively 0 Kelvin temperature under the use condition and the test condition respectively, and n is a voltage stress index;
the damage degree of the IGBT and the capacitor is calculated by utilizing Miner criterion, the traditional damage degree formula can be adopted for the capacitor, and the influence of the fundamental frequency junction temperature and the low frequency junction temperature on the service life analysis result is considered in the IGBT service life model;
for damage degree calculation of low-frequency junction temperature, the damage degree calculation can be performed according to Miner criterion:
wherein: n is n i The junction temperature cycle times of the low-frequency period are obtained by a rain flow counting method; (N) f ) i For IGBT reasonNumber of failure cycles of theory; LC (liquid Crystal) device 1 The accumulated damage degree under the influence of low-frequency junction temperature;
the damage degree of the fundamental frequency junction temperature is mainly related to the frequency of the system, miner needs to be improved, and the improved Miner criterion formula is as follows:
wherein: n is n i The fundamental frequency junction temperature cycle times are m minutes; f is the system frequency, typically 50Hz; (N) f ) i According to the failure cycle times corresponding to the life model;
the total damage of the IGBT can be expressed as: lc=lc 1 +LC 2 When LC cumulative damage exceeds 1, the element fails, and its lifetime S can be expressed as: s=1/LC, and the lifetime value of the capacitor can be calculated in the same way;
comprehensively consider the configuration ratio R by controlling the PV s And power limit K s The output force of the photovoltaic system is regulated, and the PV configuration and the power limit value meeting the service life requirement are selected.
Selecting a PV configuration and a power limit value according to life requirements, and calculating the net increase power generation capacity of a photovoltaic system under the condition of the same life to obtain an optimal parameter configuration, wherein the optimal parameter configuration comprises the following specific formula:
wherein: e (E) Hair growth promoting agent Indicating that the system increases the power generation amount due to the increase of the PV configuration ratio; e (E) Loss of Representing the amount of power lost by the system due to the power limit; e (E) Total (S) Indicating the total available power of the system.
The method is a widely applicable PV configuration and power limit optimization method, and can optimize the photovoltaic systems at different places.
The technical scheme has the following innovation in technology and method:
1) The life assessment method under the influence of the PV configuration and the power limit value is provided, so that the life assessment is more accurate.
2) Considering the impact of PV configuration and power limits on lifetime in combination, the configuration of the system can be determined by a given lifetime reference.
3) The PV configuration and power limit optimization method considering the influence of the net increase power generation amount is provided, the defect of setting the PV configuration and the power limit by simply relying on the service life is overcome, the influence of the net increase power generation amount on the PV configuration and the power limit is considered, the maximization of the service life and the power generation amount of the inverter is realized, and the energy cost of the system is reduced. The method can be used as a reference for PV configuration and photovoltaic inverter type selection in a photovoltaic power station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 task section (solar irradiance and ambient temperature) (a) Denmark (b) Singapore
FIG. 2PV configuration and power limit optimization flow diagram
FIG. 3 schematic diagram of PV configuration and photovoltaic output relationship
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power limit and photovoltaic output relationship
FIG. 5 fundamental and low frequency junction temperature extraction
FIG. 6 Denmark PV configuration and Power Limit versus Net increase Power production (life requirement of 10 years)
FIG. 7 Singapore PV configuration and Power Limit versus Net increase Power production (life requirement of 10 years)
Detailed Description
The detailed description is as follows:
step 1, selecting solar irradiance S and environmental temperature T data of Danish and Singapore for one year, as shown in figure 1, sampling frequency is 1 hour, and importing the acquired task section data into Matlab/simulink simulation model to obtain load current i of a photovoltaic system c 。
Step 2, setting the initial value R of the PV configuration ratio s =1, initial value of power limit K s =0.7, then changing the PV configuration and the power limit, the adjustment range of the PV configuration ratio is 1R s The power limit value is not more than 1.5, and the adjustment range of the power limit value is not less than 0.7 and not more than K s Calculating different R's less than or equal to 1.2 s And K s Lifetime under the condition of value.
Step 3, a power loss model which is established and takes PV configuration and power limit value into consideration is applied to the extracted IGBT to obtain the power loss P of the IGBT loss,s . The power loss P dissipated in the capacitor can be determined by considering the ripple current of the DC link and the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor loss,c . The type of IGBT and capacitor in the photovoltaic inverter can be obtained by looking up the product parameters of the supplier, wherein the type of IGBT used is FF100R12RT4 from inflight company, and the dc capacitor used is EPCOSB43630a5827, the specific parameters are shown in table 1.
Table 1 IGBT module related parameters
Step 4, calculating junction temperatures under different PV configurations and power limit values, and applying power loss to the thermal model of the IGBT to obtain IGBT junction temperature distribution T j Then, the power loss of the capacitor is used to calculate the hot spot temperature profile T of the capacitor h The conversion from the task section of the IGBT and the capacitor to the thermal stress section in the photovoltaic inverter is realized. The thermal parameters of the IGBTs and capacitors are available from a reference manual for the device, see tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 foster thermal parameters for selected IGBT modules
TABLE 3 thermal parameters of aluminum electrolytic capacitors
Step 5, according to the junction temperature profile in the step 4, the IGBT is subjected toThe low-frequency junction temperature obtains the information of thermal cycle required by the life estimation of the photovoltaic inverter by using a rain flow counting method, and the information comprises junction temperature fluctuation delta T j Number of cycles n i Average junction temperature T jm And cycle period t on The obtained information is applied to a Bayer's life model, and the life damage LC at the low-frequency junction temperature can be calculated by combining Miner criterion 1 For fundamental frequency junction temperature, junction temperature profile T can be directly obtained j Acquiring data required by a life model to obtain life damage LC at fundamental frequency junction temperature 2 Life damage lc=lc of IGBT with current PV configuration and power limit 1 +LC 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The junction temperature profile T obtained in the step 4 can be directly used for the electrolytic capacitor h Substituting the parameters into a life evaluation model, and calculating the life of the capacitor by combining with a Miner criterion, wherein the parameters of the Bayer's model are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Bayer's model parameters
Step 6, comparing the calculated life value of the photovoltaic inverter with a reference life value, if the system life requirement is not met, increasing the PV configuration and the power limit value, and setting the step delta K s ＝0.01，K s ＝K s +ΔK s ；ΔR s ＝0.01，R s ＝R s +ΔR s And recalculating the service life of the photovoltaic inverter after changing the parameters. If the system life requirement is met, the PV configuration ratio R is output s And power limit K s Selecting all R meeting life requirement s And K s And (5) taking a value.
Step 7, calculating the net increase power generation capacity of the PV configuration and the power limit meeting the system life requirement, and selecting the PV configuration ratio R with the maximum net increase power generation capacity s And power limit K s Optimization of parameters was achieved, FIG. 6 is an optimization result at 10 years of Danish lifetime requirement, where the PV configuration ratio R s =1.46, power limit K s =1.46, net increase in power generation of 21.36%, fig. 7 is an optimized junction at 10 years of life requirementFruit, at this time, PV configuration ratio R s =1.18, power limit K s =0.92, the net increase in power generation was 8.74%.
Claims (8)
1. The photovoltaic power generation PV configuration and power limit optimization method with the maximization of the net increase power generation amount is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
step 1, performing mathematical modeling of PV, extracting local solar irradiance and ambient temperature data, and importing the extracted data into a matlab/simulink simulation model to obtain a load current i c ；
Step 2, let PV configure the ratio initial value R s Initial value K of power limit value =1 s =0.7, then by changing R s And K s To adjust the output of the photovoltaic system, and the PV configuration R s The adjusting range of (2) is 1-R s Less than or equal to 1.5, a power tracking limit value K s The adjusting range of (2) is 0.7-K s ≤1.2；
Step 3, calculating a life value of the photovoltaic inverter;
step 4, comparing the calculated life value of the photovoltaic inverter with a reference life value, if the system life requirement is not met, returning to the step 2 to increase PV configuration and power limit value, recalculating the life of the inverter after changing parameters, and if the system life requirement is met, outputting PV configuration ratio R s And power limit K s Finally, all R meeting the service life requirement is selected s And K s Taking a value;
step 5, calculating the net increase power generation capacity of the PV configuration and the power limit meeting the system life requirement, and selecting the PV configuration ratio R with the maximum net increase power generation capacity s And power limit K s And the optimization of parameters is realized.
2. The method for optimizing the PV configuration and the power limit of the photovoltaic power generation with the maximized net added power generation according to claim 1, wherein in the photovoltaic power generation system, the output of the system can be changed by changing the PV configuration ratio, thereby influencing the service life of the inverter; the PV configuration ratio is the ratio of the nominal power of the installed photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic power generation system to the rated output power of the inverter, expressed as:
wherein: p (P) pv, rating Is the nominal power of the photovoltaic module; p (P) inv, rating of Rated power of the photovoltaic inverter; r is R s The ratio (Rong Peibi) of the photovoltaic component is 1-R s ≤1.5。
3. A method of optimizing the PV configuration and power limits of a photovoltaic power generation with maximization of the net added power generation according to claim 1, wherein the PV inverter output power P pv Limiting to below the available power P avai Instead of always tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPPT), the current output to the photovoltaic inverter is changed by a power limit value K, which in turn affects the life of the photovoltaic inverter s Expressed as:
wherein: p (P) vppt To define the power limit according to the requirement, P inv, rating of Rated power of the photovoltaic inverter; k (K) s In the ratio of 0.7.ltoreq.K s ≤1.2。
4. A method of optimizing PV configuration and power limits for photovoltaic power generation with maximization of net added power generation according to claim 1, wherein the PV configuration ratio R is considered in combination s And power limit K s Adjusting the output of the photovoltaic system and calculating R s And K s And the service life of the photovoltaic inverter is prolonged when the parameters are changed.
5. A net increase in power generation as defined in claim 1Method for power grid Potential (PV) configuration and power limit optimization, characterized in that a life model of IGBT and capacitor is built, different R's are calculated s And K s And (3) carrying out service life analysis on the IGBT by using a Bayer's service life model under parameters, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein: delta T j T is the fluctuation of junction temperature jmin To, at minimum junction temperature n For heating time, I is the current passing through each bonding wire, D is the diameter of the bonding wire, V is the blocking voltage, A and beta 1 、β 2 、β 3 、β 4 、β 5 、β 6 Parameters of a Bayer's model;
the capacitor life model is:
wherein: l and L 0 The degree of damage under the conditions of use and test, V and V, respectively 0 Voltages under conditions of use and test, T and T, respectively 0 Kelvin temperature under the use condition and the test condition respectively, and n is a voltage stress index;
calculating the damage degree of the IGBT and the capacitor by using a Miner criterion, calculating the damage degree of the capacitor by using a traditional damage degree formula, and considering the influence of a fundamental frequency junction temperature and a low frequency junction temperature on a life analysis result in an IGBT life model;
for damage degree calculation of low-frequency junction temperature, according to Miner criterion:
wherein: n is n i The junction temperature cycle times of the low-frequency period are obtained by a rain flow counting method; (N) f ) i The failure cycle times are the IGBT theory;LC 1 the accumulated damage degree under the influence of low-frequency junction temperature;
the damage degree of the fundamental frequency junction temperature is mainly related to the frequency of the system, the Miner criterion is required to be improved, and the improved Miner criterion formula is as follows:
wherein: n is n i ' is the fundamental frequency junction temperature cycle number in m minutes; f is the system frequency, 50Hz; (N) f ) i According to the failure cycle times corresponding to the life model;
the total damage of the IGBT is expressed as: lc=lc 1 +LC 2 When LC cumulative damage exceeds 1, the element fails, and its lifetime S is expressed as: s=1/LC, and the lifetime value of the capacitor is calculated in the same way.
6. A method of optimizing PV configuration and power limits for photovoltaic power generation with maximization of net added power generation according to claim 1, wherein the PV configuration ratio R is controlled by a combination of considerations s And power limit K s The output force of the photovoltaic system is regulated, and the PV configuration and the power limit value meeting the service life requirement are selected.
7. The method for optimizing PV configuration and power limit of photovoltaic power generation with maximized net added power generation according to claim 1, wherein PV configuration and power limit are selected according to life requirement, net added power generation of photovoltaic system is calculated under the same life condition, and optimal parameter configuration is obtained, specifically as follows:
wherein: e (E) Hair growth promoting agent Indicating that the system increases the power generation amount due to the increase of the PV configuration ratio; e (E) Loss of Representing the amount of power lost by the system due to the power limit; e (E) Total (S) Indicating the total available power of the system.
8. The method for optimizing PV configuration and power limits for photovoltaic power generation with maximized net added power generation according to claim 1, wherein said proposed method is a widely applicable method for optimizing PV configuration and power limits for photovoltaic systems at different locations.
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| CN107196341A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-22 | 华北电力大学（保定） | The two-stage type of Variable power point tracking is without energy storage photovoltaic virtual synchronous machine control method |
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