CN113778154A - Temperature control device and control method of substrate for additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Temperature control device and control method of substrate for additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113778154A CN113778154A CN202110923624.0A CN202110923624A CN113778154A CN 113778154 A CN113778154 A CN 113778154A CN 202110923624 A CN202110923624 A CN 202110923624A CN 113778154 A CN113778154 A CN 113778154A
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- temperature
- temperature control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
- G05D23/22—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element being a thermocouple
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to additive manufacturing, and discloses a temperature control device and a temperature control method for a substrate for additive manufacturing, wherein the device comprises a temperature control plate, a temperature detection system and a temperature control system, wherein: the temperature control plate is arranged below the substrate and comprises a plurality of subareas, and a hollow metal spiral coil is arranged in each subarea; the temperature monitoring system comprises a thermal infrared imager, a thermocouple and a multi-channel thermometer. The temperature control system comprises a control cabinet, a water cooler, an alternating current power supply and a partition channel valve, wherein the control cabinet performs electromagnetic heating temperature rise or cooling water cooling temperature drop on the substrate partition based on a heat transfer rule and a temperature monitoring result. The temperature control that this application can realize that additive manufacturing is with the timely accuracy of the different regions of base plate to the temperature distribution of regulation and control base plate, and then control base plate stress and deformation, prevent that base plate from taking place fracture and big deformation in the additive manufacturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a temperature control device and a temperature control method for a substrate for additive manufacturing.
Background
Metal additive manufacturing techniques typically employ a high energy beam (laser, electron beam, or electric arc) for localized metal wire/powder fusion deposition. On the one hand, metal parts undergo periodic rapid cooling and rapid heating, melting, solidification and solid phase change, and spatial and temporal non-uniform expansion and contraction of materials causes complex thermal stress and deformation of the formed parts and substrates, possibly causing cracking or large deformation of the formed parts and substrates. On the other hand, in the metal additive manufacturing process, because the temperature of the substrate directly influences the spreading and solidification of a molten pool of a formed part, interlayer temperature control is needed, traditional interlayer temperature control is natural cooling, the waiting time is too long, and the additive manufacturing efficiency is reduced.
In order to suppress the peak value and deformation of residual stress of the formed part and the substrate, an advanced real-time temperature detection technology is added to optimize an additive deposition path, and an auxiliary means for temperature control of the substrate and the formed part is developed for the additive manufacturing technology to suppress the residual stress and deformation of the substrate and the formed part. In order to realize efficient and accurate substrate temperature regulation, efficient and accurate active temperature regulation and control on the substrate and the forming part are required. The traditional substrate temperature regulation and control method adopts single preheating and cooling, the substrate temperature cannot be flexibly regulated and controlled, or the traditional resistance heating is adopted for substrate preheating, so that the defects of large heat loss, severe environment temperature, short service life and the like are caused, or the timeliness of heat transfer is not considered, and the substrate temperature cannot be accurately regulated and controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a temperature control device and a temperature control method for a substrate for additive manufacturing, which can realize timely and accurate temperature regulation and control of different areas of additive manufacturing, so as to regulate and control the temperature distribution of the substrate, further control the stress and deformation of the substrate and prevent the substrate from cracking and large deformation in the additive manufacturing process.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a temperature control apparatus of a substrate for additive manufacturing, the apparatus including a temperature control plate, a temperature detection system, and a temperature control system, wherein: the temperature control plate is arranged below the substrate and comprises a plurality of subareas, and a hollow metal spiral coil is arranged in each subarea;
the temperature control system comprises a control cabinet, a water cooler, an alternating current power supply and partition channel valves, wherein the water cooler is used for inputting cooling water into the hollow metal spiral coil to realize cooling, the alternating current power supply is used for inputting alternating current into the metal spiral coil to realize electromagnetic heating of the substrate, and the control cabinet controls the input and output of the water cooler and the alternating current power supply to each partition through the partition channel valves;
the temperature detection system comprises a thermal infrared imager, a thermocouple and a multi-channel temperature measuring instrument, wherein the thermal infrared imager is used for monitoring the temperature of a formed part in the material increase process, the multi-channel temperature measuring instrument monitors the temperatures of the base plate and the temperature control plate through the thermocouple arranged between the base plate and the temperature control plate, and the temperature control system controls the water cooler and the alternating current power supply according to the temperatures monitored by the thermal infrared imager and the multi-channel temperature measuring instrument. .
Optionally, the temperature control system further includes a heat transfer model and a temperature control aging model, wherein the heat transfer model is used for representing temperature variation curves at different transfer distances, the temperature control aging model is used for representing heating efficiency and cooling efficiency of the temperature control plate, and the temperature control system performs advanced temperature compensation on the substrate according to the heat transfer model and the temperature control aging model.
Optionally, each of the partitions includes a housing made of a high temperature resistant insulating high thermal conductivity material, and the metal spiral coil is disposed inside the housing.
Optionally, the metallic helical coil is integrally in the form of a rectangular or circular winding.
Optionally, the material of the metal spiral pipe is copper, and the alternating current is low-frequency alternating current.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling a temperature control apparatus of a substrate for additive manufacturing, the method including: s1: obtaining temperature change curves under different transfer distances by continuously moving a heat source, and further establishing a heat transfer model of the target part; s2: acquiring a temperature regulation timeliness model of the temperature control plate according to the heating speed and the cooling speed of the temperature control plate on the substrate; s3: in the additive manufacturing process, the temperature detection system obtains the temperatures of the base plate and the temperature control plate through the thermocouple, the temperature of the surface of the additive manufacturing forming piece is obtained through the thermal infrared imager, and the temperature control system heats or cools the corresponding subareas based on the heat transfer model and the temperature regulation and control timeliness model.
Preferably, the heating or cooling of the corresponding partition based on the heat transfer model and the temperature regulation aging model in the step S3 is specifically: the control cabinet controls the water flow of the water cooling machine or the current of the alternating current through controlling the partition channel valve to realize heating or cooling of the corresponding partition in different degrees.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the temperature control device and the temperature control method for the substrate for additive manufacturing provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. compare with traditional single heating and cooling method, this application concentrates on cavity spiral coil with cooling and heating function, can realize heating or cooling according to the demand of difference, compares in traditional resistance heating from adopting electromagnetic heating simultaneously, and electromagnetic heating is faster, and efficiency is higher to the temperature distribution of regulation and control base plate, and then stress and the deformation of control base plate prevent that the base plate from taking place fracture and big deformation in the vibration material disk manufacturing process.
2. This application has obtained the ageing model of heat transfer model and temperature regulation and control before making, can draw according to the printing process and preheat or precool, and then realize the timely cooling or the heating in printing the region, compare in traditional direct heating and cooling device, can realize temperature compensation in advance in base plate subregion temperature regulation and control through considering heat transfer law and temperature plate regulation and control ageing in this application, and temperature control is more timely accurate.
3. Compared with the traditional integral heating and cooling device, the device can realize zone temperature control by arranging the spiral copper coils in the internal zone, and is more flexible and efficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a working frame of a temperature control apparatus for an additive manufacturing substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of a temperature control device of a substrate for additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thermal control plate according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a thermal control plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-a substrate; 2-a thermocouple; 3-temperature control plate; 4-a heat insulation layer; 5-a partition channel valve; 6-a workbench; 7-infrared thermal imaging system; 8-a multi-channel thermodetector; 9-a control cabinet; l 0-Water chiller; 11-alternating current.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a temperature control apparatus for a substrate for additive manufacturing, the apparatus including a temperature control plate, a temperature detection system, and a temperature control system.
The temperature control plate is arranged below the substrate and comprises a plurality of subareas (as shown in fig. 3), each subarea is closely adjacent and mutually independent, and a hollow metal spiral coil, preferably a copper metal spiral coil, is arranged in each subarea. The whole metal spiral coil is in a rectangular or circular spiral shape. The density, the diameter and the like of the metal spiral coil can be set according to actual needs. The shell of each partition is made of high-temperature-resistant, insulating and high-thermal-conductivity materials, and the metal spiral coil is arranged inside the shell.
The division of the subareas can be obtained by the division of the target size and the path planning of the additive part, each temperature control subarea is internally provided with a temperature control coil, and the size and the shape of the coil are adjusted according to the size and the shape of the temperature control subarea. The thickness of the temperature control plate, the number of turns of the spiral coil and the diameter of the pipeline are determined according to the additive manufacturing mode and the size of a target part, and the spiral coils are uniformly distributed in the temperature control subarea, so that cooling regulation and heating regulation and control of the substrate can be realized.
The temperature control system comprises a control cabinet, a water cooler, an alternating current power supply and a partition channel valve, wherein the water cooler is used for inputting cooling water into the hollow metal spiral coil, the alternating current power supply is used for inputting alternating current into the metal spiral coil so as to realize electromagnetic heating of the metal spiral coil, and the control cabinet controls the input and output of the water cooler and the alternating current power supply through the partition channel valve. The copper spiral coils built in each partition are wound by hollow copper pipes, and water can be fed or power can be supplied. The water cooling is realized through a water cooling machine, and the electromagnetic heating can also be carried out through a low-frequency alternating power supply. The partition channel valve can control the cooling water flux and the low-frequency alternating power supply current of a single temperature control partition.
The temperature detection system comprises a thermocouple, a thermal infrared imager and a computer, wherein the thermocouple is arranged between the substrate and the temperature control plate and is used for detecting the temperature of the substrate and the temperature control plate; the thermal infrared imager may detect a temperature of the shaped piece during the additive process. The thermocouple and the thermal infrared imager generate detection results to a computer, and the computer controls the size of the water cooler or the alternating current through a control cabinet of the temperature control system.
In order to achieve temperature regulation more timely and accurately, in another preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a heat transfer model and a temperature regulation aging model are further arranged inside the temperature control system, wherein the heat transfer model is used for representing temperature change curves at different transfer distances, the temperature regulation aging model is used for representing heating efficiency and cooling efficiency of the temperature control plate, and the temperature control system performs temperature compensation on the substrate in advance according to the heat transfer model and the temperature regulation aging model. The heat transfer model can be obtained by continuously moving the heat source before the additive manufacturing is carried out, and temperature change curves at different transfer distances are extracted, so that the heat transfer model of the target part is established. Further, a basic test of the heating efficiency and the cooling efficiency of the temperature control plate is carried out, and a temperature regulation and control timeliness model of the temperature control plate is established. The control cabinet sets temperature regulation and control strategies of all temperature control subareas according to the heat transfer rule and the temperature feedback result, pre-temperature compensation balance is carried out, and substrate temperature control is achieved.
The present application provides a control method of the temperature control device for the substrate for additive manufacturing, the method including:
s1: obtaining temperature change curves under different transfer distances by continuously moving a heat source, and further establishing a heat transfer model of the target part;
determining the size of the substrate according to the size of the additive manufacturing forming piece and the size of the workbench; and determining the size and the partition of the temperature control plate based on the size of the substrate and the path planning of the target part, manufacturing the temperature control plate for guiding the workpiece, and connecting the temperature detection system and the temperature control system.
And performing temperature field simulation according to the path planning of the additive manufacturing forming target part, determining heat transfer rules corresponding to different heat transfer distances, and providing a regulation and control basis for temperature control of the substrate.
S2: acquiring a temperature regulation timeliness model of the temperature control plate according to the heating speed and the cooling speed of the temperature control plate on the substrate;
in a temperature regulation and control interval required in the actual additive manufacturing process, a process test is carried out on the real-time heating and cooling effects of the temperature control plate, a temperature control relation curve of the cooling water flux and the low-frequency alternating power supply current and the cooling and heating effects is determined through a temperature detection system, further, the temperature regulation and control timeliness of the cooling/heating effects of the temperature control plate on the base plate is determined through the temperature detection system, and timeliness and degree basis are provided for the temperature regulation and control of the base plate.
S3: in the additive manufacturing process, the temperature detection system obtains the temperatures of the base plate and the temperature control plate through the thermocouple, the temperature of the surface of the additive manufacturing forming piece is obtained through the thermal infrared imager, and the temperature control system heats or cools the corresponding subareas based on the heat transfer model and the temperature regulation and control timeliness model.
When additive manufacturing is actually carried out, according to the temperature distribution of the upper surfaces of the base plate and the forming piece obtained through real-time monitoring, firstly, the temperature rise or the temperature drop of each temperature control subarea is judged according to a heat transfer model and a temperature control plate regulation and control timeliness model; secondly, judging the degree of temperature rise or temperature fall of each temperature control subarea; and finally, outputting a temperature control instruction, and regulating and controlling the temperature of the substrate by using the temperature control plate. Specifically, the control cabinet controls the water flow rate of the water cooling machine or the current of the alternating current through controlling the partition channel valve to realize heating or cooling of the corresponding partition.
Examples
As shown in fig. 3, the thermal control plate 3 is filled with an insulating and heat-conducting polymer material, methyl vinyl silicone rubber. The temperature control device is divided into 16 rectangular temperature control subareas with numbers of A (1-4) -D (1-4) in 4 rows and 4 columns according to the size of a substrate and a formed part and the path plan, and a spiral excitation copper tube coil is placed in each subarea.
In order to achieve a better temperature control effect. The shape of the spiral pipe is planned to be a rectangle along with the shape of the temperature control subarea. The shape of the temperature control plate partition is not limited to a rectangle, and can be adjusted to be a triangle, a circle and the like according to actual requirements.
The multi-channel temperature measuring instrument 8 is adhered between the temperature control plate 3 and the base plate 1 by the thermocouple 2 and is used for monitoring the temperatures of the lower surface of the base plate 1 and the upper surface of the temperature control plate 3, the phenomenon that the base plate and the workbench 6 are damaged due to overhigh heating temperature is avoided, and the heat insulation layer 4 is arranged on the lower portion of the temperature control plate 3. In the invention, the thermal infrared imager 7 is supported on the workbench 6 and used for monitoring the temperature distribution of the upper surfaces of the substrate 1 and the forming part and providing a basis for a temperature regulation instruction of the controller.
Before actual additive forming, temperature field simulation is carried out on a target part, a heat transfer rule corresponding to different heat transfer distances is determined to obtain a heat transfer model, further, real-time heating and cooling effect process tests of a temperature control plate are carried out, a temperature regulation relation curve and temperature regulation timeliness are determined, and timeliness and degree basis are provided for temperature regulation and control of a substrate.
In actual additive forming, after the control cabinet 9 receives the temperature distribution feedback of the substrate and the current fused layer, the temperature regulation strategy of each subarea of the temperature control plate is determined according to the heat transfer rule, the temperature regulation relation curve and the temperature regulation timeliness. Specifically, the control cabinet 9 controls the opening of the partition channel valve 5 to further control the water cooler 10 and the alternating current 11 to realize the control of the temperature regulation degree.
In the practice of the present invention, the heat transfer time t of the heat source at A1 to the substrate is determined according to the heat transfer simulationA1Heat quantity is QA1According to the temperature regulation and control timeliness test, the temperature control plate A1 is used for cooling and taking away the Q of the substrate A1 in a subarea mannerA1Of heat, when required t'A1When t isA1＞tA1The temperature control is required to be adjusted and controlled by A1 temperature reduction regulation and control in advance of tA1-tA1In this way, the heating/cooling control needs pre-temperature compensation to accurately and efficiently control the substrate temperature.
According to the heat transfer simulation, when the heat source is A1-D1, the heat transfer time to the substrate is t1Heat quantity is Q1. At the moment, the temperature can be reduced on the A1-D1 subareas of the temperature control plate, and can also be increased on the A4-D4 subareas, so that the temperature of the substrate tends to be average as soon as possible.
In conclusion, the temperature control method and the temperature control device can realize timely and accurate temperature control of different areas in additive manufacturing, so that the temperature distribution of the substrate is controlled, the stress and deformation of the substrate are further controlled, and the substrate is prevented from cracking and deforming greatly in the additive manufacturing process.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A temperature control apparatus of a substrate for additive manufacturing, the apparatus comprising a temperature control plate, a temperature detection system, and a temperature control system, wherein:
the temperature control plate is arranged below the substrate and comprises a plurality of subareas, and a hollow metal spiral coil is arranged in each subarea;
the temperature control system comprises a control cabinet, a water cooler, an alternating current power supply and partition channel valves, wherein the water cooler is used for inputting cooling water into the hollow metal spiral coil to realize cooling, the alternating current power supply is used for inputting alternating current into the metal spiral coil to realize electromagnetic heating of the substrate, and the control cabinet controls the input and output of the water cooler and the alternating current power supply to each partition through the partition channel valves;
the temperature detection system comprises a thermal infrared imager, a thermocouple and a multi-channel temperature measuring instrument, wherein the thermal infrared imager is used for monitoring the temperature of a formed part in the material increase process, the multi-channel temperature measuring instrument monitors the temperatures of the base plate and the temperature control plate through the thermocouple arranged between the base plate and the temperature control plate, and the temperature control system controls the water cooler and the alternating current power supply according to the temperatures monitored by the thermal infrared imager and the multi-channel temperature measuring instrument.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a heat transfer model for characterizing temperature variation curves at different transfer distances and a temperature control aging model for characterizing heating and cooling efficiencies of the thermal control plate, and the temperature control system performs advanced temperature compensation on the substrate according to the heat transfer model and the temperature control aging model.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of said sections comprises a housing made of a high temperature resistant insulating high thermal conductivity material, said metal spiral coil being disposed within said housing.
4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the metallic helical coil is formed in a rectangular or circular winding throughout.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the metal coil is copper and the alternating current is low frequency alternating current.
6. A method of controlling the temperature control apparatus of the substrate for additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:
s1: obtaining temperature change curves under different transfer distances by continuously moving a heat source, and further establishing a heat transfer model of the target part;
s2: acquiring a temperature regulation timeliness model of the temperature control plate according to the heating speed and the cooling speed of the temperature control plate on the substrate;
s3: in the additive manufacturing process, the temperature detection system obtains the temperatures of the base plate and the temperature control plate through the thermocouple, the temperature of the surface of the additive manufacturing forming piece is obtained through the thermal infrared imager, and the temperature control system heats or cools the corresponding subareas based on the heat transfer model and the temperature regulation and control timeliness model.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step S3 of heating or cooling the corresponding partition based on the heat transfer model and the temperature regulation aging model is specifically as follows:
the control cabinet controls the water flow of the water cooling machine or the current of the alternating current through controlling the partition channel valve to realize heating or cooling of the corresponding partition in different degrees.
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| CN114845519A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-02 | 武汉大学 | Material increase manufacturing device and method for temperature regulation of partition immersed flowing liquid |
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