CN113778023B - Template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method and system - Google Patents
Template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
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- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
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Abstract
The invention provides a template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method and system, comprising the following steps: feature recognition and associated surface searching: acquiring characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the association surface of the feature; calculating a cutter accommodating channel: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relation between the cutter and the avoidance geometry; and (3) a cutter feeding and retracting model construction step: constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model according to the cutter accommodating channel and the machining geometry; and (3) template customization: taking the cutter accommodating channel and the avoidance geometry as constraints, and customizing a template according to the cutter advancing and retreating model so as to obtain various cutter advancing and retreating schemes; a user interaction step: and the user optimizes the cutter feeding and discharging scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of cutter feeding and discharging, generates a cutter feeding and discharging track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute cutter feeding and discharging operation. The invention can obviously reduce the burden of interactive programming of process personnel and improve the intelligent level of process programming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro customization, in particular to a module-based automatic data machining tool feeding and retracting macro customization method and system. In particular, the invention relates to a template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method.
Background
The macro setting of the cutter feeding and retracting is an important content of numerical control machining programming of complex characteristics of structural parts. Whether the cutter is reasonably moved in or out will directly affect the processing quality and the processing precision of the parts. For the processing programming of complex features, if the setting of the cutter feeding and retracting is unreasonable, the light person generates cutter cutting impact and internal stress deformation of the part, and the heavy person causes interference over-cutting and part rejection. At present, the advanced and retracted cutter setting of complex features requires abundant process knowledge experience and complicated geometric guidance, and although the process is carried out in a CAD/CAM integrated environment, the definition process still requires a great deal of manual interaction operation for each machining operation to be set one by one. The manual interaction is acceptable for setting the cutter advancing and retreating of simple characteristics, but is not friendly for complex characteristics, and for structural members with dozens or more complex characteristics with different shapes, the quality is unstable, the efficiency is low and the like caused by sequentially carrying out the cutter advancing and retreating definition on each characteristic in an interactive manner.
The Chinese patent document with publication number of CN103955167A discloses a numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting track interference checking method based on dynamic visualization, which is characterized in that firstly, machining operations created by a click engineer are performed in a CAM system, a part process model is automatically read, an operation machining track is calculated, parameter information of feeding and retracting contained in the operations is obtained, and the parameter information can be manually input to modify the operation machining track. Selecting any surface in the part model, performing interference inspection on a certain section of macro element of the machining track aiming at the selected surface, and feeding back the inspection condition to engineering personnel in real time.
In view of the above-described related art, the inventors consider that the above-described method has problems such as unstable quality and low efficiency when the advance and retreat definitions are sequentially performed for each feature for a structural member having tens or more of complex features having different shapes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method and system.
The invention provides a template-based automatic customization method for a numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro, which comprises the following steps:
feature recognition and associated surface searching: acquiring characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the association surface of the feature;
calculating a cutter accommodating channel: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relation between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
and (3) a cutter feeding and retracting model construction step: constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model according to the cutter accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
and (3) template customization: taking the cutter accommodating channel and the avoidance geometry as constraints, and customizing a template according to the cutter advancing and retreating model so as to obtain various cutter advancing and retreating schemes;
a user interaction step: and the user selects a cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of cutter feeding and retracting, generates a cutter feeding and retracting track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute cutter feeding and retracting operation.
Preferably, in the step of feature recognition and associated surface searching, feature recognition based on a graph is adopted to obtain a feature surface; the feature face association searching adopts a graph-based adjacent face automatic association method to realize automatic searching and classifying of feature association faces, determines feature main faces and performs avoidance geometric searching through attribute adjacent graph traversal.
Preferably, in the step of calculating the tool holding channel, a layering method is used for solving the moving space range of the tool by taking the geometric dimension and the avoiding geometric dimension of the tool as constraints, and the tool holding channel is expressed in a sequential manner through each layer of channels.
Preferably, in the driving and reversing model constructing step, the driving and reversing model includes a type, a segment, and a connection unit; the cutter feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the connection unit, the tool feeding and retracting macro form definition in the tool feeding and retracting model.
Preferably, the template customizing step includes the steps of:
template defining step: XML structuring of data is carried out according to the connection unit and the macro-formalized structure of the cutter advancing and retracting, so that structured text is obtained;
template library step: the structured texts are stored in the form of an index library to form a template library;
a step of generating a cutter advancing and retreating chain: defining connection units through templates in the template library, wherein the connection units are connected in series to generate cutter feeding and retracting wire chains, and the connection units are freely combined and selected to generate a plurality of cutter feeding and retracting wire chain serial results;
template customization instantiation step: and (5) automatically customizing the template according to the serial connection result of the cutter feeding and retracting line chain to generate a cutter feeding and retracting scheme.
Preferably, in the user interaction step, the cutter feeding and retracting scheme is previewed in real time, and the user interactively selects the cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to the process experience.
The invention provides a template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing system, which comprises the following modules:
feature recognition and association surface search module: acquiring characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the association surface of the feature;
and the cutter accommodating channel calculating module: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relation between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
the cutter feeding and retracting model building module comprises a cutter feeding and retracting model building module: constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model according to the cutter accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
and a template customizing module: taking the cutter accommodating channel and the avoidance geometry as constraints, and customizing a template according to the cutter advancing and retreating model so as to obtain various cutter advancing and retreating schemes;
and a user interaction module: and the user selects a cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of cutter feeding and retracting, generates a cutter feeding and retracting track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute cutter feeding and retracting operation.
Preferably, in the feature recognition and association surface searching module, feature recognition based on a graph is adopted to obtain a feature surface, the feature surface association searching adopts an adjacent surface automatic association method based on the graph to realize automatic searching and classification of the feature association surface, a feature main surface is determined, and avoidance geometric searching is carried out through attribute adjacent graph traversal.
Preferably, in the tool holding channel calculation module, a layering method is used for solving the moving space range of the tool by taking the geometric dimension and the avoiding geometric dimension of the tool as constraints, and the tool holding channel is expressed in a sequential manner through each layer of channels.
Preferably, in the driving and reversing model construction module, the driving and reversing model includes a type, a segment, and a connection unit; the cutter feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the connection unit, the tool feeding and retracting macro form definition in the tool feeding and retracting model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method effectively solves the problems of low efficiency and poor normalization of manual interactive programming of the structure complex characteristic numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting tool path programming, can obviously reduce the burden of interactive programming of technicians, and improves the intelligent level of process programming;
2. the cutter feeding and retracting model provides a basis for digital expression in the cutter feeding and retracting process;
3. according to the characteristic identification result, the characteristics of the processing surface are distinguished by an adjacent surface automatic association method, and the automatic calculation of a cutter accommodating channel and the automatic generation of a cutter feeding and discharging line chain are realized by combining a layering method;
4. on the basis of template customization, the invention provides a template automatic customization method for a cutter feeding and retracting model, which constructs an XML (extensive markup language) cutter feeding and retracting setting item, more flexibly realizes the task of automatically setting by driving a cutter feeding and retracting by complex characteristic body surface elements, reduces the labor burden and improves the programming efficiency.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method and system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an adjacency graph featuring features and attributes of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the automatic association of adjacent surfaces according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a slice of a layering process according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a knife-holding channel according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a solution for a knife-holding channel according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the advancing and retracting process of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a basic connection unit of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a composite connection unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the automatic generation of the advancing and retracting cutter chain according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a test part of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a test part driving and reversing scheme according to the present invention.
Description of the drawings:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps: feature recognition and associated surface searching: acquiring characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics (the processed characteristics are simply referred to as characteristics) to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; and searching the avoidance geometry and the processing geometry according to the association surface of the feature. Obtaining a characteristic surface by adopting characteristic identification based on a graph; the feature face association searching adopts a graph-based adjacent face automatic association method to realize automatic searching and classifying of feature association faces, determines feature main faces and performs avoidance geometric searching through attribute adjacent graph traversal. The avoidance geometry is an avoidance geometry, otherwise known as a non-machining geometry, that is used to limit the range of geometries that the tool cannot exceed.
The feature recognition and the association surface searching can be performed by adopting a classical method based on a graph, and the principle of the feature recognition method is not described in detail herein. The association surface searching realizes automatic searching and classifying of avoidance geometry and processing geometry according to the attribute adjacency graph automatic association method of the feature surface. The feature face association searching adopts a graph-based feature recognition method, the automatic search and classification of feature association faces are realized by adopting a graph-based adjacent face automatic association method, the feature main faces are determined by a rule method, and the avoidance geometry searching is performed by an attribute adjacent graph traversing method.
The processing characteristics are the set of all processing surfaces, and for the part model, other geometries except the surface set of the current processing characteristics need to be avoided, but if the number of the surface patches of the part surface is more, the number of the surface patches of the part surface is too large, so that the avoidance geometries are too many, and the calculation is slow. The invention adopts the graph-based adjacent surface automatic association method to realize automatic retrieval and classification of the characteristic surface.
An example model and its attribute adjacency graph are shown in fig. 2, where the left side of fig. 2 is the model and process feature graph and the right side is the attribute adjacency graph. Edge attributes in attribute adjacency graphs: the convex edge is marked as 1, and the concave edge is marked as 0. For the trough feature with bottom surface f8, there are 3 convex edges and 5 concave edges on adjacent sides. F1 to f14 in the left diagram of fig. 2 are surfaces on the three-dimensional model, and are used to represent the adjacency between the model surfaces and correspond to the right diagram of fig. 2.
The automatic association process of the adjacent surfaces is to search the adjacent surfaces of the current processing features according to the attribute adjacent graph, the termination condition is to find the feature associated surfaces which are all convex edges, the whole algorithm is shown in fig. 3, and in the graph, Y represents yes and N represents no. The flow steps are as follows: step S1: an attribute adjacency graph representation of the current part is constructed. Step S2: and judging the main surface of the current machining feature according to a judging rule, wherein the main surface is used as an initial surface. Step S3: the depth of the graph traversal is started from the initial surface. Step S4: and judging whether the attribute of the next traversal face edge is all 1. If yes, performing graph breadth traversal; if not, continuing the depth traversal. Step S5: after the traversal is finished, the feature main surface is set as the processing geometry of the current feature processing, and other related surfaces except the feature main surface are set as the avoidance geometry of the current feature processing. The principal surface of each feature is a surface machined by a bottom edge of the tool, such as a bottom surface of a groove feature, a top surface of a rib feature, a top surface of a boss feature, and the like. The method comprises the steps that a machining geometry, namely a geometry element to be machined, is determined in an algorithm, a main surface of a feature is set to be the machining geometry of the current feature machining, the geometry element on a model is divided into the machining geometry and an avoidance geometry in order to express the requirement of machining the feature of a part in the process of determining automatic customization of a advancing and retracting macro, the machining geometry is the end position of an advancing and retracting tool, and the avoidance geometry is the geometry element to be avoided in a advancing and retracting tool path.
Calculating a cutter accommodating channel: and calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relation between the cutter and the avoidance geometry. And solving the range of the cutter movement space by using a layering method with the geometric dimension and the avoiding geometric dimension of the cutter as constraints, wherein the cutter accommodating channel is expressed in a sequential manner through each layer of channels.
The method comprises the steps of calculating a cutter accommodating channel by adopting a layering method, firstly generating a series of layer tangential planes according to rules (equidistant or equiangular rules), then intersecting each layer tangential plane with an avoidance geometry, and finally expressing the cutter accommodating channel by using a ring channel intersected by the layer tangential planes. And calculating a cutter accommodating channel, namely solving the range of the cutter moving space by using a layering method with the geometric dimension of the cutter and the avoiding geometry as constraints, wherein the cutter accommodating channel is expressed by using a sequential coupling mode of each layer of channel.
Intersecting the avoidance geometry with the slice plane to form an intersecting plane { F 1 ,F 2 ,...,F n }，F n The n-th intersection surface is represented, the subscript n represents the number, the slice section of the layer is schematically shown in FIG. 4, F in the figure i Representing the i-th intersection; the boundary of the intersecting surface is an intersecting ring { C ] 1 ,C 2 ,...,C n }，C n Representing the nth intersecting loop. There must be a point on the central axis of the intersecting loops
To the intersecting ring C i Is nearest to>
Representing the geometric center of the ith intersecting ring on the intersecting surface; the subscript i represents one of 1 to n. The distance value is called the minimum channel χ of the intersecting ring, as shown in FIG. 5 i Representing the minimum path of the intersecting loops; the subscript i represents one of 1 to n and refers to the ith.
The knife-holding channel can be used for holding the knife to pass through without exceeding the space range. According to the idea of layering, the knife-holding channel is expressed as an intersecting ring channel
The generation of the slice plane in the knife holding channel calculation process is key, the flow is shown in fig. 6, and the steps are as follows: step T1: and reading an avoidance geometry preset initial surface as an initial layer tangential surface and solving a surface normal vector. Step T2: and judging the characteristic main surface according to a judging rule, wherein the main surface is used as a tangent plane of the termination layer and a surface normal vector is obtained. Step T3: and carrying out smooth transition treatment on angles and positions of the initial and termination layer sections to generate a plurality of layer sections. Step T4: each layer of tangential plane is intersected with the avoidance geometry in sequence to generate intersected surfaces and intersected rings. Step T5: finding the geometric center of the intersecting ring on the intersecting surface
And minimum passage χ of intersecting ring i . Step T6: forming a knife-holding channel sequential representation.
And (3) a cutter feeding and retracting model construction step: and constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model according to the cutter accommodating channel and the machining geometry. The cutter feeding and retracting model comprises a type, a section and a connecting unit; the cutter feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the connection unit, the tool feeding and retracting macro form definition in the tool feeding and retracting model.
The cutter feeding and retracting model is defined by a cutter feeding and retracting macro form and consists of connecting units. A complete feeding and retracting process generally employs three-stage feeding and three-stage retracting, as shown in fig. 7, wherein the left side of fig. 7 represents the feeding process and the right side of fig. 7 represents the retracting process. The feeding process comprises the following steps: the ab section is a quick cutter feeding and retracting section, and is generally connected by a straight line, and G00 is quickly positioned; the bc section is a transition section, the uniform speed or uniform deceleration feeding speed can be adopted, and the point b is the set feeding speed; the cd section is a plunge section that plunges into the part at a uniform or variable feed rate. The retracting process comprises the following steps: the section a 'b' is a constant speed section, and the parts are cut out at a uniform feeding speed. The section b ' c ' is a transition section, generally a uniform speed or uniform acceleration section, and the point c ' is a rapid feeding speed; the section c'd' is a quick cutter advancing and retreating section, and is generally connected in a straight line, and G00 is quickly positioned. Defining and constructing a push broach model: the connection unit and the feeding and retracting macro in the feeding and retracting model are formally defined, and a complete feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connection units.
With the above analysis, the macro formalization of the cutter advancing and retracting is defined as
M＝(T,S,E(L X ,L XQ ,L JR ,L GR ,A Q ,A IQ ,W,K))
M represents a cutter feeding and retracting macro; t represents the type of the cutter advancing and retreating macro; s represents the section description of the advancing and retracting knife; e represents a connection unit; l (L) X Representing an axial straight line element; l (L) XQ Representing an axial to planar linear element; l (L) JR Representing a vertical rotation straight line element; l (L) GR Representing tangent rotation straight line elements; a is that Q Representing a tangent plane arc element; a is that IQ Representing arbitrary surface arc elements; w represents a slope travel element; k represents a helical element.
The BNF paradigm is adopted to represent the cutter advancing and retracting macros:
< cutter advance and retreat macro >: = (< type >, < section >, < connection unit >, …)
< type > = (< feed >, < retract >);
< section > = (< fast forward and reverse section >, < transition section >, < cut-in and cut-out section >);
< connection unit > = (< straight line element >, < circular arc element >, < spiral element >, < slope travel element >, …);
< straight line element > = (< axial straight line element >, < axial to plane straight line element >, < vertical rotation straight line element >, <
Tangent rotation straight line element >);
< axial straight line element > = (< spindle rotation speed >, < feed speed >, < length >);
< axial to plane straight line element > = (< spindle speed >, < feed speed >, < plane >);
< vertical rotation linear element >: = (< spindle rotation speed >, < feed speed >, < length >, < H-axis rotation angle >,
< V-axis rotation angle >);
the tangent rotation linear element = (< spindle rotation speed >, < feed speed >, < length >, < H axis rotation angle >,
< V-axis rotation angle >);
< arc element > = (< arc element of tangent plane >, < arc element of arbitrary plane >);
< tangent plane arc element > = (< spindle speed >, < feed speed >, < radius >, < arc angle >);
< arbitrary surface arc element >: = (< spindle rotation speed >, < feed speed >, < radius >, < arc angle >, <
Rotation angle >);
< spiral element > = (< spiral height >, < spiral radius >, < spiral angle >);
< slope travel element > = (< slope travel height >, < radial width >, < slope angle >);
the tool feeding and retracting macro M is used for defining the actual tool feeding and retracting mode of machining operation and parameters thereof, T defines the type of the tool feeding and retracting macro, and S is the section description of the tool feeding and retracting. The object of the macro calculation of the advancing and retracting is a connecting unit E of each section of the advancing and retracting, and the basic connecting unit is provided with a straight line element L and an arc element A. As shown in fig. 8, the parameters represent: according to the different space trend of the straight line, the straight line element can be divided into L X (l)、L XQ (l,k)、
And->
According to whether the plane is inclined or not, the arc element is divided into A Q (r,θ)、
In particular, the vertical straight line element L J And tangent straight line element L G Respectively is L JR 、L GR Taking the special case of a particular angle, i.e. L J ＝L JR (l,0,0)，L G ＝L GR (l,0,0)。L X (l) An axial straight line element at any length or height l; l (L) XQ (l, k) represents an axial to planar linear element at arbitrary length or height l at plane k; />
When the arbitrary length or height l is expressed, the rotation angle around the H axis is +.>
Time and rotation angle around the V-axis +.>
A vertical rotation straight line element; />
When the arbitrary length or height l is expressed, the rotation angle around the H axis is +.>
Time and rotation angle around the V-axis +.>
The tangent rotation of the straight line element. A is that Q (r, θ) represents a tangent plane arc element at an arc radius r and an arc angle θ; />
When the arc radius r is expressed, the arc angle theta of the arc element is expressed, the rotation angle around the H axis is +.>
Arbitrary surface arc element. l represents any length or height, k represents a plane, < ->
Represents the rotation angle around the H-axis (the horizontal axis of the coordinate system),/->
The rotation angle around the V-axis (vertical axis of the coordinate system) is represented by r, the radius of the arc, and the angle of the arc element. As shown in fig. 9, the composite connection unit has
The parameters represent: />
Represents the spiral radius or slope angle +.>
The slope element in the time, w represents any width, < ->
Representing the spiral radius or slope angle. />
Represents arbitrary length or height l, arc radius r, spiral radius or slope angle +.>
A helical element in the time. Datum represents a reference plane.
And (3) template customization: and (3) taking the cutter accommodating channel and the avoidance geometry as constraints, and customizing the template according to the cutter advancing and retreating model, so as to calculate and recommend various cutter advancing and retreating schemes. The template customization step comprises the following steps: template defining step: and carrying out XML structuring on the data according to the connection unit and the forward and backward macro formalized structure to obtain a structured text (structured XML text).
Template library step: the structured XML text is stored in the form of an index library, forming a template library.
A step of generating a cutter advancing and retreating chain: and defining connecting units through templates in the template library, wherein the connecting units are connected in series to generate cutter feeding and retracting chain, and the connecting units are freely combined and selected to generate a plurality of cutter feeding and retracting chain series results.
Template customization instantiation step: and (5) automatically customizing the template according to the serial connection result of the cutter feeding and retracting line chain to generate a cutter feeding and retracting scheme.
The structured XML text is stored in the form of an index library, i.e., a template library is formed. The connecting units required for the cutter advancing and retreating chain generation are defined by templates in the template library, so the cutter advancing and retreating chain generation process requires the template library as a data support. And the template customization instantiation is realized by splicing the cutter advancing and retreating line chain and the template.
And (5) template customization: and (3) defining a template, and carrying out XML structuring on data according to the connection unit and the forward and backward macro formalized structure to obtain a structured XML text. The template library is used for storing the structured XML text in the form of an index library; and generating a cutter advancing and retreating chain, wherein the series connection unit generates the cutter advancing and retreating chain. The template customization and instantiation are carried out, the serial connection results of the cutter advancing and retreating chain are multi-scheme, and each cutter advancing and retreating chain serial connection result can be automatically customized and generated by the template in an instantiation mode. The XML English is named as Extensible Markup Language, and the Chinese translation is an extensible markup language.
And customizing the template. The template defines a format file of the cutter feeding and retracting movement, and a complete cutter feeding and retracting macro is formed by filling according to the format. The template definition consists of the definition of the connection unit and the structure of the forward and backward macro formalization, and the XML structured text format of the forward and backward macro setting item is as follows.
<？xml version＝'1.0'encoding＝'UTF-8'？>
<? XML document version = '1.0' encoding = ' UTF-8? > A process for preparing the same
< processing macro >
< feed >
< Rapid advance and retreat blade >
< axial Linear element Activity= "true" Length= "5mm" feed Rate inheritance= "false" feed Rate= "0.18mm_mn"
Spindle rotation speed inheritance= "false" spindle rotation speed= "70turn_mn (revolutions per minute)"/>
…
Fast cutter advancing and retreating section
< transition piece >
…
Transition piece
< cut-in and cut-out section >
…
The structured XML text is favorable for storage, and is stored in a folder system and is used for generating an index, so that the retrieval and extraction are convenient. The XML analysis process is coordinated with the advance and retreat tool setting of the CAM system, the process needs complete CAM software secondary development support, and various advance and retreat tool setting and advance and retreat tool macro XML text are organically matched, so that the XML analysis process can be used as an enabling tool for process knowledge accumulation, and can also be used as intelligent process design service based on big data. CAM English is called Computer aided manufacturing, chinese translation is computer aided manufacturing.
The automatic customization of the cutter feeding and retracting macro template is based on the automatic generation of the cutter feeding and retracting chain, the cutter feeding and retracting chain generation is completed by a series connection unit, the specific flow is as shown in fig. 10, and the steps are as follows: step T1: obtaining a tool holding channel sequence pair. Step T2: connection geometric center
And forming a feeding and reversing tool datum line, wherein the cutter shaft direction is the datum line trend. Step T3: and judging the domain to be cut. A composite unit is adopted for feeding in the material domain, and a basic unit is adopted for retracting; and the non-material domain, the advancing and retracting knife adopts a basic unit. Step T4: defining unit parameters, and determining linear element L-shaped basic units according to front and rear points +.>
Performing axial definition; according to minimum passage χ of intersecting ring i And χ (x) i+1 The minimum value of (2) determines the front and rear points +.>
Parameters of the complex unit. Step T5: two points
And performing transition treatment by using an arc element A-type basic unit.
Based on the free combination selection of various connection units, various cutter advancing and retracting wire chains are connected in series. The template customization instantiation operation automatically fills in the synchronization to generate the advance and retreat macro XML text.
A user interaction step: and the user optimizes the cutter feeding and discharging scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of cutter feeding and discharging, generates a cutter feeding and discharging track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute cutter feeding and discharging operation. The user selects the optimal cutter feeding and retracting scheme in real time, and the user selects the cutter feeding and retracting scheme interactively according to the process experience. The user selects a cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience to complete the cutter feeding and retracting macro programming process; then, the cutter advancing and retreating macro is automatically arranged in the machining operation or working procedure of the CAM system, the generated cutter advancing and retreating tool path becomes a part of the machining tool path, and after post-treatment, a cutter position file of machine tool movement is generated.
The optimal cutter feeding and retracting mode is selected by manual interaction. In a specific CAM system, the machining scheme is preferably performed by a manual interaction method, and the real-time display of the feeding and retracting path is used for judgment when the selection is to be made. The feeding and retreating schemes are previewed in real time, and users can interactively select the optimal feeding and retreating scheme according to process experience.
As shown in FIG. 11, for the test part of the embodiment, for the processing groove feature U, the tool-holding channel is calculated to obtain S p The method comprises the steps of = ((83), - ((0,101,4.7), - ((36, -0.3), -), ((0,89, -0.3), 22), ((0,82.6, -0.1), 22), ((0,75.7, -0.8), 24), ((0,69, -2.6), 28), ((0,62.8, -6.3), 30), ((0,58.5, -11.1), 29), ((8238, -24.4), 28), ((0,54.5, -24.2), 25)). Automatic template feeding through cutter feeding and retracting modelThe automatic calculation of various cutter advancing and retreating schemes is realized by customizing, the recommended cutter advancing and retreating schemes are 2, and the specific cutter advancing and retreating scheme results are shown in fig. 12.
In order to improve numerical control programming efficiency of a complex feature cutter advancing and retracting macro of a structural member, the cutter advancing and retracting macro definition method is established on the basis of feature recognition and template customization, a cutter accommodating channel is formed by using geometric constraint of cutter advancing and retracting obtained by a feature recognition algorithm, a cutter advancing and retracting line chain is generated in a template customization process, a cutter advancing and retracting macro template is automatically customized in a line chain instantiation mode, and a cutter advancing and retracting path is generated.
The invention provides a template-based automatic customization method for a numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro, which is a template-based automatic customization calculation method for numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting based on feature recognition. Firstly, identifying processing characteristics, and searching avoidance geometry and processing geometry according to the associated surfaces of the characteristics; calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the geometric space relation between the cutter and the avoidance; then, taking a cutter accommodating channel and avoiding geometry as constraints, and automatically customizing a template according to a cutter feeding and withdrawing model to realize automatic calculation and recommendation of various cutter feeding and withdrawing schemes; finally, the craftsman selects the tool feeding and retracting scheme according to experience to complete the macro programming process of the tool feeding and retracting. The method effectively solves the problems of low efficiency and poor standardization of manual interactive programming of the cutter feeding and retracting track programming of the complex numerical control machining of the structural member, can remarkably reduce the burden of interactive programming of technicians, and improves the intelligent level of the process programming.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing system, which comprises the following modules: feature recognition and association surface search module: acquiring characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics (the processed characteristics are simply referred to as characteristics) to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; and searching the avoidance geometry and the processing geometry according to the association surface of the feature. And obtaining a characteristic surface by adopting graph-based characteristic identification, automatically searching and classifying the characteristic associated surface by adopting a graph-based adjacent surface automatic association method by adopting characteristic surface association search, determining a characteristic main surface, and performing avoidance geometric search by traversing an attribute adjacent graph.
And the cutter accommodating channel calculating module: and calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relation between the cutter and the avoidance geometry. The tool-holding channel calculation module comprises a step of solving the range of the moving space of the tool by using a layering method with the geometric dimension and the avoiding geometric dimension of the tool as constraints, and the tool-holding channel is expressed in a sequential manner through each layer of channels.
The cutter feeding and retracting model building module comprises a cutter feeding and retracting model building module: and constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model according to the cutter accommodating channel and the machining geometry. The cutter feeding and retracting model comprises a type, a section and a connecting unit; the cutter feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the connection unit, the tool feeding and retracting macro form definition in the tool feeding and retracting model.
And a template customizing module: taking the cutter accommodating channel and the avoidance geometry as constraints, customizing a template according to the cutter advancing and retreating model, and further calculating and recommending various cutter advancing and retreating schemes;
and a user interaction module: and the user optimizes the cutter feeding and discharging scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of cutter feeding and discharging, generates a cutter feeding and discharging track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute cutter feeding and discharging operation.
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a method for rapidly defining a cutter feeding and retracting in the machining process of complex features of a structural part. The method belongs to a mode of automatic advance and retreat tool macro customization based on a template, provides technical support for numerical control machining process planning of structural parts, and belongs to the fields of digital manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing.
The method comprises the following steps: feature identification and association surface searching; calculating a cutter accommodating channel; defining and constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model; automatically customizing a template; the user interaction is preferential.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention provides a system and its individual devices, modules, units, etc. that can be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps, in addition to being implemented as pure computer readable program code, in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units for realizing various functions included in the system can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, and units for implementing the various functions may also be considered as either software modules for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (3)
1. A template-based numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feature recognition and associated surface searching: acquiring characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the association surface of the feature;
calculating a cutter accommodating channel: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relation between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
in the step of calculating the cutter-containing channel, a layering method is used for solving the moving space range of the cutter by taking the geometric dimension and the avoiding geometric dimension of the cutter as constraints, and the cutter-containing channel is expressed in a sequential manner through each layer of channel;
calculating a cutter accommodating channel by adopting a layering method, firstly generating a series of layer tangential planes according to equidistant or equiangular rules, then intersecting each layer tangential plane with an avoidance geometry, and finally expressing the cutter accommodating channel by using a ring channel intersected by the layer tangential planes;
intersecting the avoidance geometry with the slice plane to form an intersecting plane { F 1 ,F 2 ,…F n The boundary of the intersecting surface is an intersecting ring { C } 1 ,C 2 ,… C n A point P exists on the central axis of the intersecting ring Ci To the intersecting ring C i Is nearest to (1);
wherein n represents the number, n-th, F among 1 to n n Represents the nth intersection plane, C n Represents an nth intersecting ring, i represents one of 1 to n, and denotes the thi, P Ci Representing the geometric center of the ith intersecting ring on the intersecting surface, the knife-holding channel is expressed by the intersecting ring channel according to the idea of layering method:
S p =(（P C1 ,X 1 ）,…,（P Ci ,X i ）,…,（P Cn ,X n ）);
wherein S is p Representing the knife holding channel, P C1 Representing the geometric centre of the first intersecting ring on the intersecting plane, X 1 Represents the first intersecting ring minimum channel, X i Represents the ith intersecting ring minimum channel, X n Indicating the nth smallest channel is indicated as being the smallest channel,
the step of generating the layer section in the calculating process of the cutter accommodating channel comprises the following steps:
step T1: reading an avoidance geometry preset initial surface as an initial layer tangential surface and solving a surface normal vector;
step T2: judging a characteristic main surface according to a judging rule, wherein the main surface is used as a tangent plane of a termination layer and a surface normal vector is obtained; step T3: performing smooth transition treatment on angles and positions of the initial section and the termination section to generate a plurality of sections; step T4: each layer of tangential plane sequentially intersects with the avoidance geometry to generate intersecting surfaces and intersecting rings;
step T5: finding the geometric center P of the intersecting ring on the intersecting surface Ci And intersecting ring minimum channel x i ；
Step T6: forming a knife-holding channel sequence representation;
and (3) a cutter feeding and retracting model construction step: constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model according to the cutter accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
in the advancing and retreating tool model constructing step, the advancing and retreating tool model includes a type, a segment, and a connecting unit; the cutter feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; the connecting unit and the cutter feeding and retracting macro form definition in the cutter feeding and retracting model;
and (3) template customization: taking the cutter accommodating channel and the avoidance geometry as constraints, and customizing a template according to the cutter advancing and retreating model so as to obtain various cutter advancing and retreating schemes;
the template customization step comprises the following steps:
template defining step: XML structuring of data is carried out according to the connection unit and the macro-formalized structure of the cutter advancing and retracting, so that structured text is obtained;
template library step: the structured texts are stored in the form of an index library to form a template library;
a step of generating a cutter advancing and retreating chain: defining connection units through templates in the template library, wherein the connection units are connected in series to generate cutter feeding and retracting wire chains, and the connection units are freely combined and selected to generate a plurality of cutter feeding and retracting wire chain serial results;
template customization instantiation step: automatically customizing a template according to a serial result of the cutter feeding and retracting line chain to generate a cutter feeding and retracting scheme;
a user interaction step: the user selects a cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of cutter feeding and retracting, generates a cutter feeding and retracting track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute cutter feeding and retracting operation;
in the user interaction step, the cutter feeding and retreating scheme is previewed in real time, and the user interactively selects the cutter feeding and retreating scheme according to the process experience.
2. The automatic customization method of the numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro based on the template according to claim 1, wherein in the step of feature recognition and associated surface searching, feature recognition based on a graph is adopted to obtain a feature surface; the feature face association searching adopts a graph-based adjacent face automatic association method to realize automatic searching and classifying of feature association faces, determines feature main faces and performs avoidance geometric searching through attribute adjacent graph traversal.
3. The numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customizing system based on the template is characterized by comprising the following modules:
feature recognition and association surface search module: acquiring characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the association surface of the feature;
in the feature recognition and association surface searching module, feature recognition based on a graph is adopted to obtain feature surfaces, the feature surface association searching adopts an adjacent surface automatic association method based on the graph to realize automatic searching and classification of feature association surfaces, a feature main surface is determined, and avoidance geometric searching is carried out through attribute adjacent graph traversal;
and the cutter accommodating channel calculating module: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relation between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
in the tool holding channel calculation module, a layering method is used for solving the moving space range of the tool by taking the geometric dimension and the avoiding geometric dimension of the tool as constraints, and the tool holding channel is expressed in a sequential manner through each layer of channels;
calculating a cutter accommodating channel by adopting a layering method, firstly generating a series of layer tangential planes according to equidistant or equiangular rules, then intersecting each layer tangential plane with an avoidance geometry, and finally expressing the cutter accommodating channel by using a ring channel intersected by the layer tangential planes;
intersecting the avoidance geometry with the slice plane to form an intersecting plane { F 1 ,F 2 ,… F n The boundary of the intersecting surface is an intersecting ring { C } 1 ,C 2 ,… C n A point P exists on the central axis of the intersecting ring Ci To the intersecting ring C i Is nearest to (1);
wherein n represents the number, n-th, F among 1 to n n Represents the nth intersection plane, C n Represents an nth intersecting ring, i represents one of 1 to n, and refers to an ith, P Ci Representing the geometric center of the ith intersecting ring on the intersecting surface, the knife-holding channel is expressed by the intersecting ring channel according to the idea of layering method:
S p =(（P C1 ,X 1 ）,…,（P Ci ,X i ）,…,（P Cn ,X n ）);
wherein S is p Representing the knife holding channel, P C1 Representing the geometric centre of the first intersecting ring on the intersecting plane, X 1 Represents the first intersecting ring minimum channel, X i Represents the ith intersecting ring minimum channel, X n Indicating the nth smallest channel is indicated as being the smallest channel,
the generation module of the middle layer section in the cutter-holding channel calculation module comprises:
module M1: reading an avoidance geometry preset initial surface as an initial layer tangential surface and solving a surface normal vector;
module M2: judging a characteristic main surface according to a judging rule, wherein the main surface is used as a tangent plane of a termination layer and a surface normal vector is obtained; module M3: performing smooth transition treatment on angles and positions of the initial section and the termination section to generate a plurality of sections; module M4: each layer of tangential plane sequentially intersects with the avoidance geometry to generate intersecting surfaces and intersecting rings;
module M5: finding the geometric center P of the intersecting ring on the intersecting surface Ci And intersecting ring minimum channel x i ；
Module M6: forming a knife-holding channel sequence representation;
the cutter feeding and retracting model building module comprises a cutter feeding and retracting model building module: constructing a cutter feeding and retracting model according to the cutter accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
in the driving and reversing model construction module, the driving and reversing model comprises a type, a section and a connecting unit; the cutter feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; the connecting unit and the cutter feeding and retracting macro form definition in the cutter feeding and retracting model;
and a template customizing module: taking the cutter accommodating channel and the avoidance geometry as constraints, and customizing a template according to the cutter advancing and retreating model so as to obtain various cutter advancing and retreating schemes;
and a user interaction module: and the user selects a cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of cutter feeding and retracting, generates a cutter feeding and retracting track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute cutter feeding and retracting operation.
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