CN113778023A - Numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customization method and system based on template - Google Patents
Numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customization method and system based on template Download PDFInfo
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- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
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Abstract
The invention provides a macro automatic customization method and a macro automatic customization system for feeding and retracting of numerical control machining based on a template, which comprises the following steps: the characteristic identification and association surface search step: acquiring the characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the correlation surface of the characteristics; a cutter accommodating channel calculation step: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometry; constructing a tool advancing and retracting model: constructing a tool advancing and retracting model according to the tool accommodating channel and the machining geometry; template customizing step: the cutter accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry are taken as constraints, and template customization is carried out according to the cutter advancing and retracting model, so that various cutter advancing and retracting schemes are obtained; a user interaction step: and (4) the user optimizes the cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of feeding and retracting, generates a cutter feeding and retracting track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute the operation of feeding and retracting. The invention can obviously reduce the burden of interactive programming of process personnel and improve the intelligent level of process programming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of macro-customization of tool feeding and retracting of numerical control machining, in particular to a macro-automatic customization method and a macro-automatic customization system of tool feeding and retracting of data machining based on a module. In particular, the method preferably relates to a macro automatic customization method for feeding and retracting the cutter in numerical control machining based on a template.
Background
The macro setting of the cutter feeding and retracting is an important content of numerical control machining programming of complex characteristics of structural parts. Whether the cutter is advanced or retracted reasonably can directly influence the processing quality and the processing precision of the parts. For the processing programming with complex characteristics, if the arrangement of the cutter feeding and retracting is not reasonable, the light person generates cutter cutting impact and part internal stress deformation, and the heavy person causes interference over-cutting and part scrapping. At present, the advance and retreat knife setting of complex characteristics needs abundant process knowledge and experience and tedious geometric guidance, and although the process is carried out in a CAD/CAM integrated environment, the definition process still needs a large amount of manual interaction operation for setting each machining operation one by one. Manual interaction is acceptable for simple-feature feeding and retracting settings, but is not friendly for complex features, and for structural members with dozens or more complex features with different shapes, the problems of unstable quality, low efficiency and the like are caused if feeding and retracting definitions are sequentially interacted for the features.
The chinese patent publication No. CN103955167A discloses a method for checking interference of tool feeding and retracting trajectories in numerical control machining based on dynamic visualization, which is characterized in that a machining operation created by an engineer is clicked in a CAM system, a part process model is automatically read and the machining trajectory of the operation is calculated, and parameter information of tool feeding and retracting included in the operation is obtained, and the parameter information can be manually input to modify the machining trajectory of the operation. And (4) clicking any surface in the part model, carrying out interference inspection aiming at the clicked surface on a certain section of macro-element of the machining track, and feeding back the inspection condition to engineering personnel in real time.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors believe that the above-mentioned method, for a structural member having tens or more complicated features with different shapes, causes problems of unstable quality and low efficiency if the forward and backward tool definitions are sequentially and alternately performed on the features.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for automatically customizing a tool feeding and retracting macro in numerical control machining based on a template.
The invention provides a numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customization method based on a template, which comprises the following steps:
the characteristic identification and association surface search step: acquiring the characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the correlation surface of the characteristics;
a cutter accommodating channel calculation step: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
constructing a tool advancing and retracting model: constructing a tool advancing and retracting model according to the tool accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
template customizing step: the cutter accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry are taken as constraints, and template customization is carried out according to the cutter advancing and retracting model, so that various cutter advancing and retracting schemes are obtained;
a user interaction step: and the user selects the tool feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of feeding and retracting, generates a tool feeding and retracting tool path file, and further drives the machine tool to execute the operation of feeding and retracting.
Preferably, in the step of feature identification and associated surface search, feature surface is obtained by using feature identification based on a graph; the feature surface association search adopts an automatic association method of adjacent surfaces based on a graph to realize automatic retrieval and classification of feature association surfaces, determines a feature main surface, and searches avoidance geometry through traversal of an attribute adjacency graph.
Preferably, in the step of calculating the cutter accommodating channel, the tool geometry and the avoidance geometry are used as constraints to solve the tool motion space range by using a layering method, and the cutter accommodating channel is expressed by the order couple mode of each layer of channel.
Preferably, in the advancing-retreating cutter model constructing step, the advancing-retreating cutter model includes a type, a segment and a connecting unit; the tool feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the macro formal definition of the connection unit and the feeding and retracting tool in the feeding and retracting tool model.
Preferably, the template customizing step includes the steps of:
template definition step: XML structuralization of data is carried out according to the connection unit and the macro-formalization structure of the advance and retreat cutter, and a structuralized text is obtained;
template library step: the structured text is stored in the form of an index library to form a template library;
a cutter feeding and retracting line chain generating step: the connection units are defined through the templates in the template library, the cutter feeding and retracting line chains are generated by the serial connection units, and the multiple connection units are freely combined and selected to generate multiple cutter feeding and retracting line chain serial connection results;
template customization instantiation: and automatically customizing a template according to the series connection result of the tool feeding and retracting line chain to generate a tool feeding and retracting scheme.
Preferably, in the user interaction step, the feeding and retracting scheme is previewed in real time, and the user interactively selects the feeding and retracting scheme according to process experience.
The invention provides a macro automatic customization system for feeding and retracting of numerical control machining based on a template, which comprises the following modules:
the feature identification and association face searching module: acquiring the characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the correlation surface of the characteristics;
a cutter accommodating channel calculation module: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
a tool advancing and retracting model building module: constructing a tool advancing and retracting model according to the tool accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
a template customizing module: the cutter accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry are taken as constraints, and template customization is carried out according to the cutter advancing and retracting model, so that various cutter advancing and retracting schemes are obtained;
a user interaction module: and the user selects the tool feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of feeding and retracting, generates a tool feeding and retracting tool path file, and further drives the machine tool to execute the operation of feeding and retracting.
Preferably, in the feature identification and association surface search module, feature identification based on a graph is adopted to obtain a feature surface, the feature surface association search adopts an automatic association method of an adjacent surface based on a graph to realize automatic retrieval and classification of the feature association surface, a feature main surface is determined, and avoidance geometry search is performed through traversal of an attribute adjacency graph.
Preferably, in the cutter accommodating channel calculation module, the tool geometry and the avoidance geometry are used as constraints to solve the tool motion space range by using a layering method, and the cutter accommodating channel is expressed by the order coupling mode of each layer of channel.
Preferably, in the advance-retreat cutter model building module, the advance-retreat cutter model comprises a type, a segment and a connecting unit; the tool feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the macro formal definition of the connection unit and the feeding and retracting tool in the feeding and retracting tool model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method effectively solves the problems of low efficiency and poor normative of manual interactive programming of the numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting tool path programming of complex features of the structural member, can obviously reduce the burden of interactive programming of process personnel, and improves the intelligent level of process programming;
2. the tool feeding and retracting model provides a basis for the digital expression of the tool feeding and retracting process;
3. according to the characteristic identification result, the characteristics of the machined surface are distinguished by an automatic correlation method of the adjacent surface, and the automatic calculation of the cutter accommodating channel and the automatic generation of the cutter advancing and retracting wire chain are realized by combining a layering method;
4. the invention provides a template automatic customization method facing to a tool feeding and retracting model on the basis of template customization, and the XML of the tool feeding and retracting setting item is structured, so that the task of driving the tool feeding and retracting to automatically set by complex characteristic body surface elements is more flexibly realized, the manual labor burden is reduced, and the programming efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a macro automatic customization method and system for feeding and retracting a tool in numerical control machining based on a template;
FIG. 2 is a graph of features and their property adjacency according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention for automatic association of abutments;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a layer by layer method according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a knife-receiving channel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the knife holding channel solving of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the feeding and retracting process of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a basic connection unit of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a composite connection unit of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the automatic generation of a feeding and retracting chain according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a test part of the present invention;
FIG. 12 shows the tool feeding and retracting scheme of the test part of the present invention.
Description of the drawings:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customization method based on a template, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1: the characteristic identification and association surface search step: acquiring the characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics (the processing characteristics are simply called characteristics) to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; and searching the avoidance geometry and the processing geometry according to the correlation surface of the features. Obtaining a characteristic surface by adopting characteristic identification based on a graph; the feature surface association search adopts an automatic association method of adjacent surfaces based on a graph to realize automatic retrieval and classification of feature association surfaces, determines a feature main surface, and searches avoidance geometry through traversal of an attribute adjacency graph. The avoidance geometry is the geometry of avoidance, otherwise known as the non-machining geometry, and serves to limit the range of geometries that the tool cannot exceed.
The feature recognition and the searching of the association surface, the feature recognition method can be performed by a classical method based on a graph, and the principle of the feature recognition method is not repeated herein. And the correlation surface search realizes automatic retrieval and classification of avoidance geometry and processing geometry according to an attribute adjacency graph automatic correlation method of the characteristic surface. The characteristic identification method based on the graph is adopted, the automatic retrieval and classification of the characteristic association surfaces are realized by the characteristic surface association search through the graph-based adjacent surface automatic association method, the specific form is that a rule method is used for determining the characteristic main surface, and the attribute adjacent graph traversal method is used for searching the avoidance geometry.
The machining features are a set of all machining surfaces, and for the part model, except the surface set of the current machining features, other geometries need to be avoided, but if the number of the surface surfaces of the part is large, the avoiding geometry is excessive, and the calculation is slow. The invention adopts an automatic association method of adjacent surfaces based on a graph to realize automatic retrieval and classification of characteristic surfaces.
An exemplary model and its property adjacency graph are shown in fig. 2, where the left side of fig. 2 is the model and processing characteristic graph, and the right side is the property adjacency graph. Attribute adjacency graph edge attribute: the convex edge is marked as 1 and the concave edge is marked as 0. For the trough feature with a bottom surface of f8, the adjacent edges have 3 convex edges and 5 concave edges. F1 to f14 in the left drawing of fig. 2 are surfaces on the three-dimensional model, and are used to indicate that the abutting relationship between the surfaces of the model corresponds to the right drawing of fig. 2.
The automatic adjacent surface association process is to search the adjacent surface of the current processing feature according to the attribute adjacent graph, the termination condition is to find the feature association surface which is all convex edges, the overall algorithm is shown in figure 3, wherein Y in the figure indicates yes, and N indicates no. The process comprises the following steps: step S1: and constructing an attribute adjacency graph representation of the current part. Step S2: and judging a characteristic main surface according to a judgment rule for the current machining characteristic, wherein the main surface is used as an initial surface. Step S3: and performing graph depth traversal from the initial surface. Step S4: and judging whether the attributes of the next traversal face edge are all 1. If yes, traversing the image breadth; if not, the depth traversal is continued. Step S5: after traversing is finished, the feature main surface is set as the processing geometry of current feature processing, and other related surfaces except the feature main surface are set as the avoidance geometry of the current feature processing. The decision rule is that the major surface for each feature is the surface machined by the tool bottom edge, such as the bottom surface of a flute feature, the top surface of a rib feature, the top surface of a boss feature, and the like. The machining geometry is a geometric element to be machined, a main surface of a determined feature in an algorithm is set as the machining geometry of current feature machining, in the macro automatic customization process of determining the advance and retreat tool, the geometric element on the model is divided into the machining geometry and the avoidance geometry for representing the geometric element of the feature of the machined part, the machining geometry is the end point position of the advance and retreat tool, and the avoidance geometry is the geometric element needing avoidance in the path of the advance and retreat tool.
A cutter accommodating channel calculation step: and calculating the cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometry. And solving the moving space range of the cutter by using a layering method with the geometric dimension and the avoiding geometry of the cutter as constraints, wherein the cutter accommodating channel is expressed by the order couple mode of each layer of channel.
The cutter accommodating channel is calculated by adopting a layering method, a series of layer tangent planes are generated according to a rule (an equidistant rule or an equal angle rule), then each layer tangent plane is intersected with an avoidance geometry, and finally the cutter accommodating channel is expressed by an annular channel formed by intersecting the layer tangent planes. And (4) calculating the cutter containing channel by using the geometric dimension and the avoidance geometry of the cutter as constraints and solving the moving space range of the cutter by using a layering method, wherein the cutter containing channel is expressed by using the sequence coupling mode of each layer of channel.
Intersecting the avoiding geometry and the layer tangent plane to form an intersecting plane { F1,F2,...,Fn}，FnDenotes the n-th intersecting plane, the subscript n denotes the number, and the slice plane is schematically shown in FIG. 4, in which FiRepresents the ith intersecting surface; the boundary of the intersecting surface is an intersecting ring { C1,C2,...,Cn}，CnRepresenting the nth intersecting ring. A point must be present on the axis of the intersecting rings
To the intersecting ring CiIs the closest to the distance of (a) to (b),
representing the geometric center of the ith intersecting ring on the intersecting surface; the subscript i represents one of 1 to n. The distance value is called the minimum path χ of the intersecting rings, as shown in FIG. 5iRepresents the intersecting ring minimum channel; the subscript i represents one of 1 to n, referring to the ith.
The cutter-accommodating channel can accommodate the space range through which the cutter passes without over-cutting. According to the idea of the layering method, the cutter accommodating channel is expressed by an intersecting ring channel
The generation of layer section in the cutter-accommodating channel calculation process is critical, and the process is as shown in fig. 6, and includes the following steps: step T1: and reading an avoidance geometry preset initial surface as an initial layer tangent surface and solving a plane normal vector. Step T2: and judging the characteristic main surface according to a judgment rule, taking the main surface as a termination layer tangent plane, and calculating a plane normal vector. Step T3: and carrying out angle and position smooth transition treatment on the initial layer section and the terminating layer section to generate a plurality of layer sections. Step T4: the tangent plane of each layer is sequentially crossed with the avoidance geometry to generate a crossed plane and a crossed ring. Step T5: determining the geometric center of the intersecting ring on the intersecting plane
And intersecting ring minimum passageway ×i. Step T6: forming a sequential representation of the cutter-accommodating channel.
Constructing a tool advancing and retracting model: and constructing a tool advancing and retracting model according to the tool accommodating channel and the machining geometry. The advancing and retreating cutter model comprises types, sections and a connecting unit; the tool feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the macro formal definition of the connection unit and the feeding and retracting tool in the feeding and retracting tool model.
The tool advancing and retracting model is defined by tool advancing and retracting macroscopically and is composed of connecting units. A complete feeding and retracting process generally employs three-stage feeding and three-stage retracting, as shown in fig. 7, the left side of fig. 7 represents the feeding process, and the right side of fig. 7 represents the retracting process. The feed process: the ab section is a quick advance and retreat cutter section which is generally connected in a straight line, and G00 is quickly positioned; the bc section is a transition section and can adopt a constant speed or uniform deceleration feeding speed, and the point b is a set feeding speed; the cd section is a cut-in section that cuts into the part at a uniform or variable feed rate. The tool retracting process: the section a 'b' is a uniform speed section, and parts are cut out at a uniform feeding speed. The b ' c ' section is a transition section, generally a uniform speed or uniform acceleration section, and the c ' point is the rapid feeding speed; the c'd' section is a quick advancing and retreating cutter section, generally adopts a straight line connection, and is quickly positioned by G00. Defining and constructing a push broach model: the connection unit and the macro-formal definition of the cutter advancing and retracting model are realized, and a complete cutter advancing and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connection units.
With the above analysis, the macro formalization of the advance and retreat cutting tools is defined as
M＝(T,S,E(LX,LXQ,LJR,LGR,AQ,AIQ,W,K))
M represents a tool advancing and retracting macro; t represents the type of the tool feeding and retracting macro; s represents the section description of the cutter feeding and retracting; e represents a connecting unit; l isXRepresenting an axial straight line element; l isXQAxial to plane straight line elements are represented; l isJRRepresenting a vertical rotation line element; l isGRRepresenting a tangent rotation line element; a. theQRepresenting a tangent plane arc element; a. theIQRepresenting an arbitrary surface arc element; w represents a slope moving element; k represents a helix element.
The tool advancing and retracting macro is represented by a BNF paradigm:
< feeding and retracting Macro > < type > < segment > < connection unit > < …)
The type is: (feed >, < withdraw >);
the section is: (fast cutter feeding and retracting section >, < transition section >, < cut-in section >);
the connection unit is formed by (a straight line element >, < a circular arc element >, < a spiral element >, < a slope walking element >, < …);
< straight line elements > < axial to plane straight line elements > < vertical rotation straight line elements > < and < >
Tangent rotation line element >);
axial straight line element: (main shaft rotation speed >, < feeding speed >, < length >);
axial-to-plane straight line elements: (< spindle rotation speed >, < feed speed >, < plane >);
< vertical rotation linear element > < spindle rotation speed > < feed speed > < length > < H-axis rotation angle >,
< V-axis rotation angle >);
< tangent rotation straight line element > < spindle rotation speed > < feed speed > < length > < H-axis rotation angle >,
< V-axis rotation angle >);
the arc element is ═ tangent plane arc element, < arbitrary plane arc element >;
the arc element of the tangent plane is: (main shaft rotating speed >, < feeding speed >, < radius >, < arc angle >);
and (4) any surface arc element, namely (main shaft rotating speed >, < feeding speed >, < radius >, < arc angle >, <
Rotation angle >);
< helix element > < helix height > < helix radius > < helix angle >);
the method comprises the following steps of (slope walking height >, < radial width >, < slope angle >);
the tool advancing and retracting macro M is used for defining the actual tool advancing and retracting mode and parameters of the machining operation, T defines the type of the tool advancing and retracting macro, and S is the section description of the tool advancing and retracting. The macro-calculation object of the advance and retreat cutter is a connecting unit E of each section of the advance and retreat cutter, and the basic connecting unit comprises a straight line element L and an arc element A. As shown in fig. 8, the parameters represent: the linear elements can be divided into L according to the different spatial directions of the straight linesX(l)、LXQ(l,k)、
And
is divided into A according to whether the arc element is inclined or notQ(r,θ)、
Special, vertical straight-line elements LJAnd a tangent line element LGAre respectively LJR、LGRIn a special case of a particular angle, i.e. LJ＝LJR(l,0,0)，LG＝LGR(l,0,0)。LX(l) Represents an axial straight line element of any length or height l; l isXQ(l, k) represents an axial-to-plane line element of arbitrary length or height l, or plane k;
indicates a rotation angle around the H axis at any length or height l
Angle of rotation of time and about V-axis
A vertical rotation line element of time;
indicates a rotation angle around the H axis at any length or height l
Angle of rotation of time and about V-axis
The tangent of time rotates the line elements. A. theQ(r, theta) represents a tangent plane arc element at an arc radius r and an arc angle theta of the arc element;
represents the rotation angle around the H axis when the arc radius r is equal to or greater than the arc angle theta
The arc element of any surface. l represents an arbitrary length or height, k represents a plane,
indicating the rotation angle around the H axis (horizontal axis of the coordinate system),
denotes the angle of rotation about the V axis (vertical axis of the coordinate system), r denotes the radius of the arc, and θ denotes the arc angle of the arc element. As shown in FIG. 9, the composite type connecting unit has
The parameters represent:
representing any length or height i, any width w, helical radius or pitch angle
The time of the slope, w represents any width,
indicating the radius or slope angle of the helix.
When the length or height l, the radius r, the radius of the spiral or the angle of slope are arbitrary
The helical elements of time. Datum denotes a reference plane.
Template customizing step: and (4) carrying out template customization according to the tool advancing and retracting model by taking the tool accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry as constraints, and further calculating and recommending various tool advancing and retracting schemes. The template customizing step comprises the following steps: template definition step: and carrying out XML structurization on the data according to the connection unit and the feeding and retreating knife macro formalization structure to obtain a structured text (structured XML text).
Template library step: the structured XML text is stored in the form of an index library, forming a template library.
A cutter feeding and retracting line chain generating step: and defining a connecting unit through the template in the template library, generating a tool advance and retreat line chain by the serial connecting unit, and freely combining and selecting various connecting units to generate various tool advance and retreat line chain serial results.
Template customization instantiation: and automatically customizing a template according to the series connection result of the tool feeding and retracting line chain to generate a tool feeding and retracting scheme.
And storing the structured XML text in the form of an index library, namely forming a template library. The connecting unit required by the advance and retreat cutter line chain generation is defined by the template in the template library, so the advance and retreat cutter line chain generation process needs the template library as data support. And template customization instantiation is realized by splicing the advancing and retreating cutter line chain and the templates.
Template customization: and defining a template, and carrying out XML structuralization of data according to the connection unit and the feeding and retreating knife macro formalization structure to obtain a structured XML text. The template library stores the structured XML text in the form of an index library; and generating a cutter feeding and retracting line chain, and generating the cutter feeding and retracting line chain by the series connection unit. And (3) template customization instantiation, wherein the series connection result of the advancing and retreating cutter wire chains is multi-scheme, and each series connection result of the advancing and retreating cutter wire chains can be automatically generated in a template customization mode. XML is called Extensible Markup Language, English, and Chinese translation is Extensible Markup Language.
And (5) template customization. And the template defines a format file of the cutter advancing and retracting movement, and a complete cutter advancing and retracting macro is formed by filling according to the format. The template definition consists of the definition of the connection unit and the macro formalized structure of the feed and retreat cutting tools, and the XML structured text format of the macro setting items of the feed and retreat cutting tools is as follows.
<？xml version＝'1.0'encoding＝'UTF-8'？>
<? 1.0 encoding UTF-8? < CHEM > A
< processing Macro >
< feed >
< fast forward/backward cutting segment >
Axial linear element movement (true length 5 mm) feeding speed (false feeding speed 0.18mm _ mn) "
Main shaft rotation speed succession (false) main shaft rotation speed (70 turn _ mn (revolution/minute)/>)
…
Quick advance and retreat cutting segment
< transition section >
…
</transition section >
< cut-in/cut-out segment >
…
The structured XML text is beneficial to storage, is stored in a folder system and generates an index, and is convenient to retrieve and extract. The XML analysis process is mutually coordinated with the feeding and retracting settings of the CAM system, the process needs complete secondary development support of CAM software, various feeding and retracting settings are organically matched with feeding and retracting macro XML texts, and the feeding and retracting macro XML texts can be used as an enabling tool for process knowledge accumulation and can also serve intelligent process design based on big data. CAM is called Computer aided manufacturing, and Chinese translation is Computer aided manufacturing.
The macro template for tool feeding and retracting is automatically customized and established on the basis of automatic generation of a tool feeding and retracting linear chain, the tool feeding and retracting linear chain generation is completed by a series connection unit, the specific flow is shown in fig. 10, and the steps are as follows: step T1: and obtaining the order of the cutter-accommodating channel. Step T2: connecting geometric centers
Forming a tool advance and retreat reference line, wherein the direction of the cutter shaft is the direction of the reference line. Step T3: and judging the domain to be cut. For the feeding in the material domain, a composite unit is adopted, and for the retracting, a basic unit is adopted; basic units are adopted for advancing and retreating the cutter in a non-material area. Step T4: defining unit parameters, and making the L-shaped basic unit of straight line element be based on front and rear two points
Carrying out axial definition; according to the intersection of the minimum passageway chiiHexix-i+1Before and after the minimum value of
The parameters of the composite unit. Step T5: two points
And performing transition treatment by using the arc element A-type basic unit.
According to the free combination selection of various connecting units, various tool wire chain serial connection results are generated. And the template customization instantiation operation automatically fills in the synchronous mode to generate the tool-in and tool-out macro XML text.
A user interaction step: and (4) the user optimizes the cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of feeding and retracting, generates a cutter feeding and retracting track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute the operation of feeding and retracting. And (3) the user interactively chooses the best, the cutter advancing and retreating scheme is previewed in real time, and the user interactively chooses the cutter advancing and retreating scheme according to the process experience. The user selects a tool feeding and retracting scheme according to experience to finish the macro programming process of tool feeding and retracting; and then, the cutter advancing and retracting macro is automatically set in the machining operation or process of the CAM system, the generated cutter advancing and retracting track becomes a part of the machining track, and after post-processing, a machine tool moving cutter position file is generated.
And the optimal tool feeding and retracting mode is selected through manual interaction. In a specific CAM system, a manual interaction mode is used for optimizing a processing scheme, and the real-time display of the advancing and retreating cutter path is used for judging when the advancing and retreating cutter path is selected. And previewing the cutter advancing and retracting scheme in real time, and interactively selecting the optimal cutter advancing and retracting scheme by a user according to process experience.
FIG. 11 shows a test part of the embodiment, for the machining groove characteristic U, the blade-accommodating channel S is calculatedp(((0,101,29.7), -) -, - (0,101,4.7), -, - (0,96, -0.3), - (0,89, -0.3),22), - ((0,82.6, -0.1),22), ((0,75.7, -0.8),24), ((0,69, -2.6),28), ((0,62.8, -6.3),30), ((0,58.5, -11.1),29), ((0,55.5, -17.4),28), ((0,54.5, -24.2, 25)). The template is automatically customized through a cutter feeding and retracting model, automatic calculation of various cutter feeding and retracting schemes is realized, the recommended cutter feeding and retracting schemes are 2, and the result of the specific cutter feeding and retracting scheme is shown in fig. 12.
In order to improve the numerical control programming efficiency of the tool advancing and retracting macro of complex features of a structural part, the tool advancing and retracting macro definition method is established on the basis of feature identification and template customization, a tool accommodating channel is formed by using geometric constraints of tool advancing and retracting obtained by a feature identification algorithm, a tool advancing and retracting linear chain is generated in the template customization process, the tool advancing and retracting macro template is automatically customized in a linear chain instantiation mode, and a tool advancing and retracting path is generated.
The invention discloses a macro automatic customization method for advancing and retracting cutters of numerical control machining based on a template, which is an automatic calculation method for advancing and retracting cutters of customized numerical control machining based on the template on the basis of feature recognition. Firstly, identifying processing characteristics, and searching avoidance geometry and processing geometry according to a correlation surface of the characteristics; calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometric space; then, the cutter accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry are taken as constraints, and the template is automatically customized according to the cutter advancing and retracting model, so that automatic calculation and recommendation of various cutter advancing and retracting schemes are realized; and finally, the technician selects a tool feeding and retracting scheme preferentially according to experience to finish the tool feeding and retracting macro programming process. The method effectively solves the problems of low efficiency and poor normative of manual interactive programming of the numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting tool path programming of complex features of the structural member, can obviously reduce the burden of interactive programming of process personnel, and improves the intelligent level of process programming.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a macro automatic customization system for the advance and retreat of the numerical control machining based on the template, which comprises the following modules: the feature identification and association face searching module: acquiring the characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics (the processing characteristics are simply called characteristics) to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; and searching the avoidance geometry and the processing geometry according to the correlation surface of the features. And obtaining a characteristic surface by adopting characteristic identification based on a graph, realizing automatic retrieval and classification of the characteristic association surface by adopting an automatic association method of an adjacent surface based on the graph through characteristic surface association search, determining a characteristic main surface, and performing avoidance geometry search through traversal of an attribute adjacency graph.
A cutter accommodating channel calculation module: and calculating the cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometry. The cutter accommodating channel calculation module solves the cutter moving space range by using a layering method with the geometric dimension and the avoidance geometry of the cutter as constraints, and the cutter accommodating channel is expressed in a mode of sequence coupling of channels of all layers.
A tool advancing and retracting model building module: and constructing a tool advancing and retracting model according to the tool accommodating channel and the machining geometry. The advancing and retreating cutter model comprises types, sections and a connecting unit; the tool feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the macro formal definition of the connection unit and the feeding and retracting tool in the feeding and retracting tool model.
A template customizing module: using the cutter accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry as constraints, customizing a template according to a cutter advancing and retracting model, and further calculating and recommending various cutter advancing and retracting schemes;
a user interaction module: and (4) the user optimizes the cutter feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of feeding and retracting, generates a cutter feeding and retracting track file, and further drives the machine tool to execute the operation of feeding and retracting.
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a method for quickly defining cutter feeding and retracting in a complex characteristic machining process of a structural member. The method belongs to a feeding and retracting macro automatic customization mode based on a template, provides technical support for numerical control machining process planning of a structural member, and belongs to the field of digital manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing.
The method comprises the following steps: feature identification and association surface search; calculating a cutter accommodating channel; defining and constructing a cutter advancing and retreating model; automatically customizing a template; and (4) user interaction preference.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A numerical control machining tool feeding and retracting macro automatic customization method based on a template is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the characteristic identification and association surface search step: acquiring the characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the correlation surface of the characteristics;
a cutter accommodating channel calculation step: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
constructing a tool advancing and retracting model: constructing a tool advancing and retracting model according to the tool accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
template customizing step: the cutter accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry are taken as constraints, and template customization is carried out according to the cutter advancing and retracting model, so that various cutter advancing and retracting schemes are obtained;
a user interaction step: and the user selects the tool feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of feeding and retracting, generates a tool feeding and retracting tool path file, and further drives the machine tool to execute the operation of feeding and retracting.
2. The macro automatic customization method for advance and retreat cutting tools for numerical control machining based on the template according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step of feature identification and associated surface search, feature surface is obtained by using feature identification based on a graph; the feature surface association search adopts an automatic association method of adjacent surfaces based on a graph to realize automatic retrieval and classification of feature association surfaces, determines a feature main surface, and searches avoidance geometry through traversal of an attribute adjacency graph.
3. The macro automatic customization method for advancing and retreating tools for numerical control machining based on templates according to claim 1, characterized in that in the tool accommodating channel calculation step, the tool movement space range is solved by using a layering method with the tool geometry and the avoiding geometry as constraints, and the tool accommodating channel is expressed by the order couple mode of each layer of channel.
4. The macro automatic customization method for advance and retreat of template-based numerical control machining according to claim 1, characterized in that in the advance and retreat mold building step, the advance and retreat mold comprises a type, a segment and a connection unit; the tool feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the macro formal definition of the connection unit and the feeding and retracting tool in the feeding and retracting tool model.
5. The macro automatic template-based customization method for the advance and retreat of the numerical control machining tool according to claim 4, wherein the template customization step comprises the following steps:
template definition step: XML structuralization of data is carried out according to the connection unit and the macro-formalization structure of the advance and retreat cutter, and a structuralized text is obtained;
template library step: the structured text is stored in the form of an index library to form a template library;
a cutter feeding and retracting line chain generating step: the connection units are defined through the templates in the template library, the cutter feeding and retracting line chains are generated by the serial connection units, and the multiple connection units are freely combined and selected to generate multiple cutter feeding and retracting line chain serial connection results;
template customization instantiation: and automatically customizing a template according to the series connection result of the tool feeding and retracting line chain to generate a tool feeding and retracting scheme.
6. The macro automatic customization method for advance and retreat of numerical control machining based on template according to claim 1, wherein in the user interaction step, the advance and retreat tool scheme is previewed in real time, and the user interactively selects the advance and retreat tool scheme according to process experience.
7. The utility model provides a macro automatic customization system of advance and retreat sword of numerical control processing based on template which characterized in that includes following module:
the feature identification and association face searching module: acquiring the characteristics of a part to be processed, and identifying the characteristics to obtain a correlation surface of the characteristics; searching an avoidance geometry and a processing geometry according to the correlation surface of the characteristics;
a cutter accommodating channel calculation module: calculating a cutter accommodating channel according to the relationship between the cutter and the avoidance geometry;
a tool advancing and retracting model building module: constructing a tool advancing and retracting model according to the tool accommodating channel and the machining geometry;
a template customizing module: the cutter accommodating channel and the avoiding geometry are taken as constraints, and template customization is carried out according to the cutter advancing and retracting model, so that various cutter advancing and retracting schemes are obtained;
a user interaction module: and the user selects the tool feeding and retracting scheme according to experience, completes the macro programming process of feeding and retracting, generates a tool feeding and retracting tool path file, and further drives the machine tool to execute the operation of feeding and retracting.
8. The macro automatic customization system for tool advance and retreat of numerical control machining based on template according to claim 7, characterized in that in the feature identification and association surface search module, feature surface is obtained by using feature identification based on graph, feature surface association search uses an automatic association method of adjacent surface based on graph to realize automatic search and classification of feature association surface, determine feature main surface, and search of avoidance geometry is performed by traversing attribute adjacency graph.
9. The macro-automatic customization method for advancing and retreating tools for numerical control machining based on templates according to claim 7, characterized in that in the tool accommodating channel calculation module, the tool movement space range is solved by using a layering method with the tool geometric dimension and the avoiding geometry as constraints, and the tool accommodating channel is expressed by the order couple mode of each layer of channel.
10. The macro automatic customization system for tool advance and retreat of template-based numerical control machining according to claim 7, wherein in the tool advance and retreat model building block, the tool advance and retreat model comprises a type, a segment and a connection unit; the tool feeding and retracting model is formed by constructing types, sections and connecting units; and the macro formal definition of the connection unit and the feeding and retracting tool in the feeding and retracting tool model.
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