CN113777487B - Demagnetizing environment simulation device and method for predicting aging demagnetizing risk of permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Demagnetizing environment simulation device and method for predicting aging demagnetizing risk of permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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Abstract
The invention discloses a demagnetizing environment simulation device and a method for predicting the aging demagnetizing risk of a permanent magnet motor, and relates to the technical field of motor performance evaluation. The invention considers the influence of temperature, mechanical vibration, direct-current demagnetizing field and alternating demagnetizing field on the demagnetizing of the tested sample, can simulate the actual working state of the permanent magnet motor, and can accurately predict the demagnetizing risk and reliability of the permanent magnet motor. In addition, the invention relates to a method for predicting the aging demagnetization risk of a permanent magnet motor, which is implemented based on the demagnetization environment simulation device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motor performance evaluation, in particular to a demagnetizing environment simulation device and a method for predicting the aging demagnetizing risk of a permanent magnet motor.
Background
At present, permanent magnet motors are increasingly applied to traffic vehicles, such as automobiles, airplanes and the like. The permanent magnet is used as an important part of the permanent magnet motor, and the demagnetizing risk degree directly relates to the operation safety and reliability of the permanent magnet motor. The working environment of the permanent magnets is becoming worse due to the pursuit of high torque density and high power density, and therefore the prediction of the risk of demagnetization of the permanent magnets is very important. Most of the existing prediction methods only consider the demagnetization of temperature in the design stage, and do not analyze timeliness.
The existing method for estimating the demagnetizing risk at home and abroad mainly focuses on estimating by utilizing the demagnetizing curves of the permanent magnet at different temperatures. The steps of such a method are as follows: and obtaining a demagnetization curve of the motor at the lowest working point according to the running temperature of the motor, updating, calculating the lowest working point, and iterating the steps until the lowest working point is larger than the knee point of the demagnetization curve. For example, the patent CN110309535A (university of south China), CN111666651a (university of Zhejiang), JP2004257879a (mitsubishi motor company) and the like are all focused on the demagnetization mode of the demagnetization curve, and continuous demagnetization of the motor along with time cannot be estimated, which is a difficult problem of estimating the demagnetization risk at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a demagnetizing environment simulation device and a method for predicting the aging demagnetizing risk of a permanent magnet motor, which solve the problem of difficulty in predicting the aging demagnetizing risk of the permanent magnet motor and consider the influence of temperature, mechanical vibration, direct current reverse magnetic field and alternating magnetic field on demagnetization of a tested sample.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
The invention provides a demagnetizing environment simulation device which comprises an iron core, a direct current demagnetizing coil, an alternating current demagnetizing coil, a vibration mechanism and a heating mechanism, wherein the iron core is provided with an air gap, a tested sample is arranged in a groove of the iron core, the direct current demagnetizing coil and the alternating current demagnetizing coil are wound on the iron core, the direct current demagnetizing coil and the alternating current demagnetizing coil are used for applying a direct current demagnetizing field and an alternating current demagnetizing field to the tested sample, the vibration mechanism is arranged below the tested sample and used for providing mechanical vibration to the tested sample, the heating mechanism is in contact with the tested sample, and the heating mechanism is used for heating the tested sample.
Preferably, the iron core is hollow rectangular, the iron core includes first connecting portion, second connecting portion, third connecting portion, fourth connecting portion and the fifth connecting portion that connect gradually, first connecting portion with be provided with the clearance between the fifth connecting portion, second connecting portion with fourth connecting portion set up relatively, direct current demagnetizing coil includes first direct current demagnetizing coil, second direct current demagnetizing coil and third direct current demagnetizing coil, first direct current demagnetizing coil twines on the first connecting portion, second direct current demagnetizing coil with third direct current demagnetizing coil twines on the third connecting portion, alternating current demagnetizing coil twines on the fifth connecting portion.
Preferably, the demagnetizing environment simulation device further comprises a tesla meter and a temperature sensor, wherein the tesla meter is used for measuring magnetic induction intensity of a measuring point of the tested sample, and the temperature sensor is used for measuring temperature of the tested sample.
The invention also provides a method for predicting the aging demagnetization risk of the permanent magnet motor, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an electromagnetic analysis model, a temperature analysis model and a mechanical vibration analysis model of a permanent magnet motor according to an initial demagnetization curve of a tested sample, carrying rated current and rated voltage, and calculating to obtain a demagnetization risk criterion index and a working environment index of the permanent magnet motor;
S2, regulating and controlling a demagnetization environment simulation device according to the calculated demagnetization risk criterion index and the working environment index of the permanent magnet motor to obtain an environment identical to the working state of the permanent magnet motor, calibrating a measuring point on the tested sample to ensure that the working point of the tested sample is identical to the most dangerous working point of the permanent magnet motor, placing a Tesla gauge at the measuring point of the tested sample, and carrying out online measurement of the working point by contacting the Tesla gauge with the measuring point and sampling to obtain a working point-time characteristic model of the tested sample;
s3, updating a demagnetization curve by utilizing relative recovery permeability according to the working point-time characteristic model of the tested sample to obtain a demagnetization curve-time characteristic model, carrying the demagnetization curve-time characteristic model into the electromagnetic analysis model of the permanent magnet motor, calculating an updated time-varying working point of the tested sample, comparing the updated time-varying working point with a demagnetization inflection point of the initial demagnetization curve, and taking the updated time-varying working point as one of demagnetization fault risk criteria of the tested sample, and if the updated time-varying working point is lower than the demagnetization inflection point, re-optimizing the electromagnetic structure size parameter of the permanent magnet motor, repeating S1 to S3 after optimizing design, and continuing to judge the demagnetization risk; if the updated time-varying working point is higher than the demagnetizing inflection point, S4 is carried out;
S4, carrying the established demagnetization curve-time characteristic model back to the electromagnetic analysis model, the temperature analysis model and the mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor, calculating the demagnetization risk criterion index and the working environment index, and judging whether the performance of the permanent magnet motor meets the requirement in the required time; if the permanent magnet motor is satisfied, the permanent magnet motor is not invalid due to demagnetization; if the requirements are not met and the design needs to be improved, the electromagnetic structure size parameters of the permanent magnet motor need to be optimized, then S1 to S3 are repeated, and the demagnetization risk of the tested sample is evaluated.
Preferably, in the step S1, establishing an analytical model of electromagnetic, temperature and mechanical vibration of the permanent magnet motor specifically includes the following steps: establishing an electromagnetic analysis model of the permanent magnet motor by utilizing an initial demagnetizing curve of the tested sample and the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet motor material; establishing a temperature analysis model of the permanent magnet motor according to the winding copper loss of the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet hysteresis loss of the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet eddy current loss of the permanent magnet motor and the heat conduction characteristic of materials calculated by the electromagnetic analysis model; and establishing a mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor according to the electromagnetic force and mechanical structure harmonic response analysis model calculated by the electromagnetic analysis model.
Preferably, in the step S1, the demagnetizing risk criterion index includes a torque effective value, a torque fluctuation rate, and a back emf waveform distortion rate; the working environment indexes comprise a working point of a tested sample, harmonic magnetic field intensity, harmonic magnetic field frequency, working temperature, mechanical vibration frequency and mechanical vibration intensity.
Preferably, in the step S2, when the measurement points are marked, the sample to be tested is divided into uniform lattices, and a center point is taken as the measurement point.
Preferably, in the step S3, the electromagnetic structural dimension parameter of the permanent magnet motor includes a permanent magnet thickness, a pole arc coefficient, and a stator tooth width.
Preferably, in the step S4, the demagnetization curve-time characteristic model is obtained according to the updated time-varying working point and the relative recovery permeability, and is returned to the electromagnetic analysis model, the temperature analysis model and the mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor, so as to calculate the demagnetization risk criterion index and the working environment index.
Preferably, in the step S4, when judging whether the performance of the permanent magnet motor meets the requirement within the required time, comparing the calculated demagnetization risk criterion index with the performance requirement of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the earliest time when the performance requirement of the permanent magnet motor is not met is the reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor, comparing the reliable working time with the stable working time required by the permanent magnet motor, and if the reliable working time is longer than the stable working time, indicating that the design scheme of the permanent magnet motor is reasonable; if the reliable operation time is less than the stable operation time, the electromagnetic structural dimension parameter of the permanent magnet motor needs to be re-optimized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
The invention considers the influence of temperature, mechanical vibration, direct-current demagnetizing field and alternating demagnetizing field on the demagnetizing of the tested sample, can simulate the actual working state of the permanent magnet motor, and can accurately predict the demagnetizing risk and reliability of the permanent magnet motor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a demagnetizing environment simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a demagnetizing environment simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the demagnetizing environment simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the aging demagnetization trace of the test sample;
Wherein: 100-demagnetizing environment simulation device, 1-iron core, 2-vibration mechanism, 3-heating mechanism, 4-first DC demagnetizing coil, 5-second DC demagnetizing coil, 6-third DC demagnetizing coil, 7-AC demagnetizing coil, 8-tesla meter, 9-supporting structure, 10-tested sample.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a demagnetizing environment simulation device and a method for predicting the aging demagnetizing risk of a permanent magnet motor, which solve the problem of difficulty in predicting the aging demagnetizing risk of the permanent magnet motor and consider the influence of temperature, mechanical vibration, direct current reverse magnetic field and alternating magnetic field on demagnetization of a tested sample.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4: the embodiment provides a demagnetizing environment simulation device 100, which comprises an iron core 1, a direct current demagnetizing coil, an alternating current demagnetizing coil 7, a vibrating mechanism 2 and a heating mechanism 3, wherein the iron core 1 is provided with an air gap, a tested sample 10 is arranged in a groove of the iron core 1, the direct current demagnetizing coil and the alternating current demagnetizing coil 7 are wound on the iron core 1, the direct current demagnetizing coil and the alternating current demagnetizing coil 7 are used for applying a direct current demagnetizing magnetic field and an alternating current demagnetizing magnetic field to the tested sample 10, the vibrating mechanism 2 is arranged below the tested sample 10, the vibrating mechanism 2 is used for providing mechanical vibration to the tested sample 10, the heating mechanism 3 is in contact with the tested sample 10, and the heating mechanism 3 is used for heating the tested sample 10, and the tested sample 10 is the same as a permanent magnet of a tested permanent magnet motor.
In this embodiment, the iron core 1 is hollow rectangular, the lower extreme of iron core 1 is provided with a plurality of bearing structures 9, iron core 1 is including the first connecting portion, the second connecting portion, the third connecting portion, fourth connecting portion and fifth connecting portion that connect gradually, be provided with the clearance between first connecting portion and the fifth connecting portion, the second connecting portion sets up with the fourth connecting portion is relative, direct current demagnetizing coil includes first direct current demagnetizing coil 4, second direct current demagnetizing coil 5 and third direct current demagnetizing coil 6, first direct current demagnetizing coil 4 twines on first connecting portion, second direct current demagnetizing coil 5 and third direct current demagnetizing coil 6 twine on third connecting portion, alternating current demagnetizing coil 7 twines on fifth connecting portion.
In this embodiment, the demagnetizing environment simulation device 100 further includes a tesla meter 8 and a temperature sensor, wherein the tesla meter 8 is used for measuring the magnetic induction intensity of the measurement point of the sample 10, and the temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the sample 10.
In this embodiment, the first dc demagnetizing coil 4, the second dc demagnetizing coil 5, the third dc demagnetizing coil 6 and the ac demagnetizing coil 7 are 500 turns respectively, so that the winding can provide the maximum magnetic field, which can provide the demagnetizing field similar to the internal size of the permanent magnet motor, and can also ensure that the winding is not burnt out due to the overlarge current.
In this embodiment, the direct current demagnetizing coil can realize the regulation and control of the working point of the sample 10 to be tested; the alternating demagnetizing field coil can realize alternating magnetic field loading with certain frequency and amplitude; the vibration mechanism 2 is a vibration motor, and the vibration motor is connected with the tested sample 10 through the bonding of the ejector rod to vibrate, so that the mechanical vibration loading capacity with certain frequency and amplitude is realized; the heating mechanism 3 is a heating resistor patch, the heating resistor patch is fixed on the groove, the heating mechanism 3 is in contact with the tested sample 10 and heats the tested sample 10, and simulation of different temperatures can be achieved.
Example two
As shown in fig. 5-6: the embodiment provides a method for predicting the aging demagnetization risk of a permanent magnet motor, which comprises the following steps:
S1, establishing an electromagnetic analysis model, a temperature analysis model and a mechanical vibration analysis model of a permanent magnet motor according to an initial demagnetization curve of a tested sample 10, carrying rated current and rated voltage, and calculating to obtain a demagnetization risk criterion index and a working environment index of the permanent magnet motor;
In S1, establishing an analysis model of electromagnetic, temperature and mechanical vibration of the permanent magnet motor specifically comprises the following steps: establishing an electromagnetic analysis model of the permanent magnet motor by utilizing an initial demagnetizing curve of the tested sample 10 and the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet motor material; establishing a temperature analysis model of the permanent magnet motor according to the winding copper loss of the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet hysteresis loss of the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet eddy current loss of the permanent magnet motor and the heat conduction characteristic of the material calculated by the electromagnetic analysis model; establishing a mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor according to the electromagnetic force and mechanical structure harmonic response analysis model calculated by the electromagnetic analysis model;
In S1, demagnetizing risk criterion indexes comprise a torque effective value, a torque fluctuation rate and a back electromotive force waveform distortion rate; the operating environment index includes the operating point, harmonic magnetic field strength, harmonic magnetic field frequency, operating temperature, mechanical vibration frequency, and mechanical vibration strength of the test sample 10.
S2, regulating and controlling the demagnetizing environment simulation device 100 according to the demagnetizing risk criterion index and the working environment index of the permanent magnet motor obtained through calculation to obtain an environment identical to the working state of the permanent magnet motor, calibrating a measuring point on the tested sample 10 to ensure that the working point of the tested sample 10 is identical to the most dangerous working point of the permanent magnet motor, placing a Tesla gauge 8 at the measuring point of the tested sample 10, carrying out online measurement on the working point by the Tesla gauge 8 in contact with the measuring point, and sampling to obtain a working point-time characteristic model of the tested sample 10;
In S2, when the demagnetizing environment simulation device 100 is regulated and controlled, firstly, the ac demagnetizing coil 7 is externally connected with an ac current source, and the frequency and amplitude of the output current of the ac current source are regulated according to the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field measured by the tesla meter 8 and the frequency of the harmonic magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor; secondly, according to the working point value measured by the tesla meter 8, regulating the current in the direct-current demagnetizing coil by using a direct-current voltage source until the measured value is equal to the working point of the permanent magnet motor; the tested sample 10 is externally connected with a PT100 temperature sensor, and the heating power of the heating mechanism 3 is regulated according to the measured value of the temperature sensor, so that the temperature is stabilized at the working temperature of the permanent magnet motor; the vibration mechanism 2 is driven by a signal generator and a power amplifier, the signal generator is used for adjusting the frequency of a driving signal so as to control the mechanical vibration frequency of the vibration mechanism 2, and the power amplifier is used for adjusting the amplitude of the driving signal so as to control the mechanical vibration intensity of the vibration mechanism 2, and the mechanical vibration frequency of the tested sample 10 is adjusted to be the same as that of the permanent magnet motor;
S2, dividing the tested sample 10 into uniform lattices when marking the measuring points, and taking a central point as the measuring point;
S3, updating a demagnetization curve by utilizing relative recovery permeability according to a working point-time characteristic model of the tested sample 10 to obtain a demagnetization curve-time characteristic model, carrying the demagnetization curve-time characteristic model into an electromagnetic analysis model of the permanent magnet motor, calculating an updated time-varying working point Pc of the tested sample 10, comparing the updated time-varying working point Pc with a demagnetization inflection point of an initial demagnetization curve to serve as one of demagnetization fault risk criteria of the tested sample 10, judging that the permanent magnet motor has demagnetization fault if the updated time-varying working point Pc is lower than the demagnetization inflection point, re-optimizing the electromagnetic structure size parameters of the permanent magnet motor, repeating S1 to S3 after optimizing the design, and continuing to judge the demagnetization risk; if the updated time-varying working point is higher than the demagnetizing inflection point, S4 is carried out;
In S3, the demagnetizing curve-time characteristic model building method comprises the following steps: firstly, working points, mechanical vibration frequencies, mechanical vibration intensity, temperature rise values and harmonic magnetic field intensity of a permanent magnet motor are calculated according to an initial demagnetization curve, according to calculated working environment indexes, aging demagnetization simulation is carried out by using a demagnetization environment simulation device 100, an updated time-varying working point Pc is used as an inflection point of the updated demagnetization curve, and the demagnetization curves at different time points are calculated by using relative recovery magnetic permeability;
In this embodiment, firstly, considering the influence of temperature on the demagnetization curve of the tested sample 10, and obtaining a corresponding demagnetization curve at the actual operation temperature according to the actual operation temperature of the permanent magnet motor; applying the time-varying degradation rule of the updated time-varying working point Pc to a corresponding demagnetizing curve at the actual operating temperature, obtaining a corresponding relation between the demagnetizing curve and a time characteristic model, and updating the demagnetizing curve;
the demagnetizing rule of the updated time-varying operating point Pc is: when the external conditions are not changed, the energy of the tested sample 10 is weakened continuously along with time, so that the working point of the tested sample 10 is moved downwards; the temperature rise, the mechanical vibration intensity, the mechanical vibration frequency, the harmonic magnetic field intensity and the updated position of the time-varying working point Pc all influence the speed and the degree of magnetic energy reduction; the demagnetization rule of the updated time-varying operating point Pc is shown in fig. 6;
S3, the electromagnetic structure size parameters of the permanent magnet motor comprise the thickness of the permanent magnet, the pole arc coefficient and the width of the stator teeth;
S4, returning the established demagnetization curve-time characteristic model to an electromagnetic analysis model, a temperature analysis model and a mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor, calculating a demagnetization risk criterion index and a working environment index of the permanent magnet motor, and judging whether the performance of the permanent magnet motor meets the requirements in the required time; if the permanent magnet motor is satisfied, the permanent magnet motor is not invalid due to demagnetization; if the requirements are not met and the design needs to be improved, the electromagnetic structure size parameters of the permanent magnet motor need to be optimized, then S1 to S3 are repeated, and the demagnetization risk of the tested sample 10 is evaluated;
s4, obtaining a demagnetization curve-time characteristic model according to the updated time-varying working point and the relative recovery permeability, and returning the model to an electromagnetic analysis model, a temperature analysis model and a mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor to calculate a demagnetization risk criterion index and a working environment index of the permanent magnet motor;
S4, judging whether the performance of the permanent magnet motor meets the requirement or not in the required time, comparing the calculated demagnetization risk criterion index of the permanent magnet motor with the performance requirement of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the earliest moment when the performance requirement of the permanent magnet motor is not met is the reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor, comparing the reliable working time with the stable working time required by the permanent magnet motor, and if the reliable working time is larger than the stable working time, indicating that the design scheme of the permanent magnet motor is reasonable; if the reliable working time is smaller than the stable working time, the electromagnetic structure size parameters of the permanent magnet motor need to be optimized again.
The method for calculating the reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor comprises the following steps: s3, calculating to obtain a demagnetization curve-time characteristic model, and obtaining demagnetization risk criterion indexes of the permanent magnet motor corresponding to each time point, wherein the demagnetization risk criterion indexes of the permanent magnet motor at n moments can be obtained altogether; and finding out the moment of failure of the permanent magnet motor indicated by the demagnetization risk criterion index of the permanent magnet motor, and obtaining the reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor. If the reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor meets the actual working condition requirement, the fact that the permanent magnet motor cannot work normally due to the time-varying demagnetizing fault in the actual working process of the permanent magnet motor is basically avoided.
The reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor is calculated by solving corresponding demagnetizing risk criterion indexes according to the demagnetizing curve-time characteristic model obtained in the step S3, and calculating the difference between the working point measured at this time and the working point of the last time according to the demagnetizing curve-time characteristic model, and if the difference does not accord with the preset stability judging standard and the demagnetizing risk criterion indexes, carrying the demagnetizing curve of the next time into an electromagnetic analysis model, a temperature analysis model and a mechanical vibration analysis model according to the demagnetizing curve-time characteristic model until the degradation of the working point is stable.
The relationship between the reliable working time and the demagnetizing risk of the permanent magnet motor is as follows: if the demagnetization degree of the tested sample 10 exceeds the demagnetization risk criterion, the demagnetization risk criterion index of the permanent magnet motor is degraded, so that the permanent magnet motor cannot complete the set action, and the permanent magnet motor cannot be judged to work reliably. I.e. the reliable operation time of the permanent magnet motor is the degradation time of the tested sample 10 from the initial state to the extent that the degree of demagnetization exceeds the demagnetization risk criterion. The reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor is calculated, and whether the designed permanent magnet motor meets the requirement can be checked intuitively through the quantized index.
The criterion method for the risk of demagnetization failure of the tested sample 10 in this embodiment includes: 1. if the updated time-varying operating point Pc is lower than the demagnetizing inflection point of the demagnetizing curve, judging that the tested sample 10 has demagnetizing faults; 2. if the updated demagnetization curve is brought in, and the demagnetization risk criterion index of the permanent magnet motor does not meet the requirement of the permanent magnet motor, judging that the tested sample 10 has a demagnetization fault.
The embodiment comprehensively considers the time-varying influence of the temperature, vibration, direct-current demagnetizing field and alternating demagnetizing field in the permanent magnet motor on the demagnetization of the permanent magnet motor, and is more in line with the actual working condition and life cycle of the permanent magnet motor. The magnetic property change condition of the tested sample 10 is observed under the actual running condition, the demagnetizing environment simulation device 100 is adopted for simulation, the changed working points are subjected to iterative updating, the electromagnetic performance of the permanent magnet motor is calculated, the accuracy of a demagnetizing prediction method is improved, and the method has important significance for design and research of the permanent magnet motor.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in this specification with reference to specific examples, the description of which is only for the purpose of aiding in understanding the method of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet motor, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an electromagnetic analysis model, a temperature analysis model and a mechanical vibration analysis model of a permanent magnet motor according to an initial demagnetization curve of a tested sample, carrying rated current and rated voltage, and calculating to obtain a demagnetization risk criterion index and a working environment index of the permanent magnet motor;
S2, regulating and controlling a demagnetization environment simulation device according to the calculated demagnetization risk criterion index and the working environment index of the permanent magnet motor to obtain an environment identical to the working state of the permanent magnet motor, calibrating a measuring point on the tested sample to ensure that the working point of the tested sample is identical to the most dangerous working point of the permanent magnet motor, placing a Tesla gauge at the measuring point of the tested sample, and carrying out online measurement of the working point by contacting the Tesla gauge with the measuring point and sampling to obtain a working point-time characteristic model of the tested sample;
s3, updating a demagnetization curve by utilizing relative recovery permeability according to the working point-time characteristic model of the tested sample to obtain a demagnetization curve-time characteristic model, carrying the demagnetization curve-time characteristic model into the electromagnetic analysis model of the permanent magnet motor, calculating an updated time-varying working point of the tested sample, comparing the updated time-varying working point with a demagnetization inflection point of the initial demagnetization curve, and taking the updated time-varying working point as one of demagnetization fault risk criteria of the tested sample, and if the updated time-varying working point is lower than the demagnetization inflection point, re-optimizing the electromagnetic structure size parameter of the permanent magnet motor, repeating S1 to S3 after optimizing design, and continuing to judge the demagnetization risk; if the updated time-varying working point is higher than the demagnetizing inflection point, S4 is carried out;
S4, carrying the established demagnetization curve-time characteristic model back to the electromagnetic analysis model, the temperature analysis model and the mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor, calculating the demagnetization risk criterion index and the working environment index, and judging whether the performance of the permanent magnet motor meets the requirement in the required time; if the permanent magnet motor is satisfied, the permanent magnet motor is not invalid due to demagnetization; if the requirements are not met and the design needs to be improved, the electromagnetic structure size parameters of the permanent magnet motor need to be optimized, and then S1 to S3 are repeated to evaluate the demagnetizing risk of the tested sample;
The demagnetizing environment simulation device comprises an iron core, a direct-current demagnetizing coil, an alternating-current demagnetizing coil, a vibrating mechanism and a heating mechanism, wherein an air gap is formed in the iron core, a tested sample is arranged in a groove of the iron core, the direct-current demagnetizing coil and the alternating-current demagnetizing coil are wound on the iron core, the direct-current demagnetizing coil and the alternating-current demagnetizing coil are used for applying a direct-current demagnetizing magnetic field and an alternating-current demagnetizing magnetic field to the tested sample, the vibrating mechanism is arranged below the tested sample, the vibrating mechanism is used for providing mechanical vibration to the tested sample, the heating mechanism is in contact with the tested sample, and the heating mechanism is used for heating the tested sample.
2. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: the iron core is hollow rectangle shape, the iron core is including the first connecting portion, second connecting portion, third connecting portion, fourth connecting portion and the fifth connecting portion that connect gradually, first connecting portion with be provided with the clearance between the fifth connecting portion, the second connecting portion with the fourth connecting portion set up relatively, direct current demagnetizing coil includes first direct current demagnetizing coil, second direct current demagnetizing coil and third direct current demagnetizing coil, first direct current demagnetizing coil twines on the first connecting portion, the second direct current demagnetizing coil with third direct current demagnetizing coil twines on the third connecting portion, alternating current demagnetizing coil twines on the fifth connecting portion.
3. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: the demagnetizing environment simulation device further comprises a tesla meter and a temperature sensor, wherein the tesla meter is used for measuring the magnetic induction intensity of a measuring point of the tested sample, and the temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the tested sample.
4. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: in the step S1, establishing an analysis model of electromagnetic, temperature and mechanical vibration of the permanent magnet motor specifically comprises the following steps: establishing an electromagnetic analysis model of the permanent magnet motor by utilizing an initial demagnetizing curve of the tested sample and the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet motor material; establishing a temperature analysis model of the permanent magnet motor according to the winding copper loss of the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet hysteresis loss of the permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet eddy current loss of the permanent magnet motor and the heat conduction characteristic of materials calculated by the electromagnetic analysis model; and establishing a mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor according to the electromagnetic force and mechanical structure harmonic response analysis model calculated by the electromagnetic analysis model.
5. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: in the step S1, the demagnetizing risk criterion index comprises a torque effective value, a torque fluctuation rate and a back electromotive force waveform distortion rate; the working environment indexes comprise a working point of a tested sample, harmonic magnetic field intensity, harmonic magnetic field frequency, working temperature, mechanical vibration frequency and mechanical vibration intensity.
6. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: in the step S2, when the measuring points are marked, the tested sample is divided into uniform lattices, and the center point is taken as the measuring point.
7. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: in the step S3, the electromagnetic structure size parameters of the permanent magnet motor comprise permanent magnet thickness, pole arc coefficient and stator tooth width.
8. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: and in the step S4, according to the updated time-varying working point and the relative recovery magnetic permeability, obtaining the demagnetizing curve-time characteristic model, and carrying out calculation of the demagnetizing risk criterion index and the working environment index in the electromagnetic analysis model, the temperature analysis model and the mechanical vibration analysis model of the permanent magnet motor.
9. The method of predicting the risk of aging demagnetization of a permanent magnet machine of claim 1 wherein: in the step S4, when judging whether the performance of the permanent magnet motor meets the requirement within the required time, comparing the calculated demagnetization risk criterion index with the performance requirement of the permanent magnet motor, wherein the earliest time when the performance requirement of the permanent magnet motor is not met is the reliable working time of the permanent magnet motor, comparing the reliable working time with the stable working time required by the permanent magnet motor, and if the reliable working time is longer than the stable working time, indicating that the design scheme of the permanent magnet motor is reasonable; if the reliable operation time is less than the stable operation time, the electromagnetic structural dimension parameter of the permanent magnet motor needs to be re-optimized.
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