CN113772990A - Special additive for high-strength concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special additive for high-strength concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113772990A CN113772990A CN202111124792.XA CN202111124792A CN113772990A CN 113772990 A CN113772990 A CN 113772990A CN 202111124792 A CN202111124792 A CN 202111124792A CN 113772990 A CN113772990 A CN 113772990A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of concrete admixtures, and particularly discloses a special admixture for high-strength concrete and a preparation method thereof. The special additive for the high-strength concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.8-3.4 parts of coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag, 2.6-4.2 parts of zeolite powder, 3-7 parts of alkali-free accelerator, 1-3 parts of water reducer, 5-10 parts of mineral powder and 2.5-5 parts of glass fiber; the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the coal gangue boiling slag, the zeolite powder and the mineral powder to form a premix; the water reducing agent, the glass fiber and the alkali-free accelerator are uniformly mixed, and the premix is added and uniformly mixed to prepare the special additive for the high-strength concrete. The special admixture for the high-strength concrete has the advantages of being used for spraying concrete, reducing the rebound rate and the dust concentration when the concrete is sprayed, improving the later strength of the concrete, and improving the anti-carbonization capacity and the durability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of concrete admixtures, in particular to an admixture special for high-strength concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the projects such as mine support, tunnel, dam, etc., the concrete is sprayed to the appointed position by the aid of a spraying machine and compressed air or other power through a pipeline, and is solidified and hardened in a short time. The spraying process of the concrete is divided into a wet spraying process and a dry spraying process, the wet spraying process adopts large and heavy machinery and is difficult to move, and the dry spraying process adopts small machinery and is convenient to move, so that the dry spraying method is widely applied, but the dry spraying process also has the defects of high concentration of operation flour dust, high rebound rate and the like.
In order to reduce the dust concentration and the rebound rate in the operation environment of the dry spraying process, the addition of additives in the preparation of concrete is the most common method. In the prior art, a Chinese patent application with the application number of CN201811228128.8 discloses a special high-strength composite water reducing agent for sprayed concrete, and the formula comprises: the component A comprises: sulphoaluminate, sulfonate and a water retention tackifier; and (3) finished product: the silicon powder comprises hydroxyl salt, a high-molecular polymer material, silicon powder and a component A, wherein the mass percentage of each component is as follows: the component A comprises: 30-50% of sulphoaluminate, 20-30% of sulfonate and 20-40% of water retention tackifier, and the finished product is as follows: 5 to 20 percent of hydroxyl salt, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of high molecular polymer, 60 to 80 percent of silicon powder and 3 to 10 percent of component A mixture, wherein the doping amount is 4 to 8 percent of the cementing material, and the injection rebound rate of the concrete is less than or equal to 15 percent.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors believe that the existing high-strength composite water reducing agent used in shotcrete reduces the rebound rate, but fails to overcome the disadvantage of the later strength reduction of concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to ensure that the concrete has low rebound rate and dust concentration during dry spraying and has high later strength, the application provides the special additive for the high-strength concrete and the preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a special admixture for high-strength concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the admixture special for the high-strength concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.8-3.4 parts of coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag and 2.6-4.2 parts of coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag
Zeolite powder, 3-7 parts of alkali-free setting accelerator, 1-3 parts of water reducer, 5-10 parts of mineral powder and 2.5-5 parts of glass fiber.
By adopting the technical scheme, the gangue fluidized bed furnace slag is matched with the zeolite powder, the zeolite powder has the characteristics of high porosity, large specific surface area, heat resistance, acid resistance and the like, contains a large amount of active silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide and is an admixture with a high volcanic ash effect, the gangue fluidized bed furnace slag is residue after high-temperature calcination, has small density and more volcanic ash components, has the content of aluminum oxide reaching 30 percent, further shortens the setting time, can promote the generation of C-S-H gel, can increase the content of cement hydration products in the later stage of cement hydration, generates large-area granular and amorphous C-S-H gel, and is filled in concrete with a small amount of needle-shaped calcium vanadium stone to increase the overall structure; the alkali-free accelerator can promote hydration reactions of C3S and C3A, the hydration of C3S and CSA can release heat quickly to further react cement, and the generated ettringite crystals are randomly and disorderly distributed in the whole matrix to form a tightly staggered network structure, so that cement slurry in concrete can be hardened quickly, the setting time is shortened, the initial strength is improved, the common accelerator has higher alkalinity, the strength of sprayed concrete in the subsequent age period is reduced more than that of the common concrete, and the alkali-free accelerator is selected to reduce the influence of the addition of the accelerator on the subsequent strength of the concrete.
In addition, the fluidity can be reduced and the viscosity degree of concrete can be increased by using the glass fibers, and the glass fibers can be distributed in the cement and connected with each other to form a network, so that the aggregate in the concrete is connected, and the rebound rate and the dust concentration are reduced; the staggered network structure enables the capillary pores of the mortar to be small, the capillary tubes to be refined, the formation, growth and expansion of cracks are reduced, the communication of the cracks is blocked, the diffusion path of carbon dioxide is weakened, the diffusion of the carbon dioxide is inhibited, and the anti-carbonization capability is improved; the mineral powder can prolong the setting time of the cement slurry doped with the accelerating agent to a certain extent, but the mineral powder can increase the cohesiveness of the concrete to a certain extent, increase the bonding strength and reduce the rebound rate.
Therefore, when the special additive for high-strength concrete prepared from the components is mixed into sprayed concrete, the setting time of the concrete can be shortened, the rebound rate and the dust concentration are reduced, and the later strength is enhanced.
Preferably, the alkali-free accelerator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.1-1.5 parts of aluminum sulfate, 0.7-1 part of aluminum fluoride, 0.15-0.3 part of water glass, 0.5-1 part of polyacrylamide and 1.2-1.8 parts of water.
By adopting the technical scheme, a certain amount of fluoride ions, sulfate radicals and aluminum ions exist in alkali-free accelerator liquid prepared from aluminum sulfate, aluminum fluoride, water glass and polyacrylamide, when the alkali-free accelerator liquid reacts with portland cement, ettringite can be quickly formed, fibrous ettringite is mutually connected to form a network structure so as to quickly solidify the cement, meanwhile, calcium ions in a cement hydration system are continuously consumed, so that the hydration speed of silicate minerals is accelerated, calcium silicate hydrate gel is continuously formed, the strength of the cement is increased, but fluoride ions in the accelerator are rich except for ettringite, residual fluoride ions are easy to cause the depolymerization of hydration products C-S-H gel of the silicate minerals, the polymerization degree of the calcium silicate hydrate is reduced, the network structure of cement slurry is damaged, the strength of the cement is influenced, and the water glass can replace the calcium silicate hydrate, the calcium fluoride preferentially combines with fluoride ions to form fluosilicate, thereby protecting cement hydration products C-S-H gel and ensuring that the cement has higher early strength; the polyacrylamide can increase the viscosity of concrete slurry, so that the rebound rate is low and the dust concentration is reduced when the concrete slurry is sprayed.
Preferably, the alkali-free accelerator is prepared by the following method: mixing aluminum sulfate with water to prepare an aluminum sulfate solution, adding aluminum fluoride, water glass and polyacrylamide, and uniformly stirring.
By adopting the technical scheme, the aluminum sulfate and the water are mixed to form a solution, and then the aluminum fluoride, the water glass and the polyacrylamide are added, so that the polyacrylamide can increase the consistency of the alkali-free accelerator liquid, and prevent the aluminum fluoride from precipitating to cause the reduction of the accelerating effect.
Preferably, the glass fiber is pretreated by:
soaking glass fiber in a solution prepared by mixing phenol and tetrachloroethane according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1.5, and drying;
soaking the glass fiber obtained in the step one in a solution prepared by mixing 5-8 parts by weight of gelatin, 4-10 parts by weight of water, 1-2 parts by weight of glycerol, 1.5-2 parts by weight of corn starch and 11.5 parts by weight of oxidized chitosan at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ in vacuum, and drying;
mixing 0.2-0.4 weight part of organic montmorillonite and 1-1.5 weight parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, emulsifying uniformly at the rotating speed of 3000-3500r/min, then ultrasonically oscillating for 1-2h at 60-70 ℃, defoaming in vacuum, adding 0.02-0.05 weight part of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.01-0.05 weight part of coupling agent, stirring uniformly, adding 3-5 weight parts of the obtained product, and kneading in vacuum at the kneading temperature of 120-150 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the glass fiber is added into the additive, when the glass fiber is mixed with concrete, the bonding strength with the concrete is not high, the interface bonding is not good, the rebound rate of the concrete is increased when the concrete is sprayed, and the surface of the glass fiber has unstable negative charges, so that the glass fiber is mutually wound and generates a knotting phenomenon in the concrete, therefore, the glass fiber is soaked by using a mixed solution of phenol and tetrachloroethane, and the glass fiber can be well dispersed into monofilaments because the phenol-tetrachloroethane solution has stronger Van der Waals force and the acting force is greater than the molecular bonding force among the monofilaments in the glass fiber bundle, and the dispersing effect of the glass fiber is enhanced.
After the gelatin is dissolved in water, hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino in molecules are equal to hydroxyl in corn starch to form hydrogen bonds, so that the gelatin and the corn starch are combined to form a compact net structure, under the vacuum action, the gelatin, the corn starch and the like are adsorbed into gaps of glass fibers and then are solidified, the chitin oxide can increase the heat resistance stability of the gelatin, when the mixture of the gelatin and the corn starch generates hydration heat in cement, mutual collision and irregular movement of molecules in a gelatin material are enhanced, the probability of bonding between the molecules is increased, the arrangement between the molecules is tighter, the tensile strength and the stability are improved, and the rebound effect of the glass fiber is enhanced.
Then, the organic montmorillonite is in a bisphenol A epoxy resin emulsion, the organic montmorillonite is uniformly distributed in the bisphenol A epoxy resin through shearing and emulsification, the molecular chain of the bisphenol A epoxy resin is promoted to be effectively inserted into the organic montmorillonite lamellar by utilizing ultrasonic oscillation, the agglomeration phenomenon of the organic montmorillonite in the bisphenol A epoxy resin is reduced, the bisphenol A epoxy resin macromolecular chain intercalation of the organic montmorillonite lamellar structure is realized, and some of the organic montmorillonite macromolecular chains are even completely peeled, so that the interaction force between the organic montmorillonite and the epoxy resin is enhanced, the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is improved, the tensile strength of the glass fiber is further improved, the adhesion of the glass fiber is also improved, the glass fiber can be uniformly dispersed in concrete, and the rebound rate and the dust concentration during concrete spraying can be reduced; the polyvinylpyrrolidone can increase the storage stability of the glass fiber in the epoxy resin emulsion, so that the glass fiber has longer storage time after being pretreated.
Preferably, the preparation method of the coal gangue boiling slag comprises the following steps: drying and dehydrating 1-2 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum, grinding, calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ plus 500 ℃, mixing with 1-2 parts by weight of coal gangue calcined at the temperature of 1100 ℃ plus 900 ℃, adding 0.5-1 part by weight of Portland cement clinker, and grinding.
By adopting the technical scheme, the coal gangue forms the fluidized bed furnace slag after being calcined, the fluidized bed furnace slag has higher activity, but because the content of calcium oxide is slightly low, the amount of calcium oxide required for forming calcium sulphoaluminate is insufficient, and the activity exertion of the calcium sulphate is influenced, therefore, the portland cement clinker is added as an excitant, the concentration of the calcium oxide can be adjusted, the beta-hemihydrate gypsum is generated after the gypsum is dehydrated, the beta-hemihydrate gypsum has better gelling property and higher setting and hardening speed, under the excitation action of the portland cement clinker, gypsum in the desulfurized gypsum reacts with tricalcium aluminate in the cement to generate the gelling trisulfide type hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate, tricalcium silicate contained in the cement per se reacts with dicalcium silicate to generate hydration reaction to generate C-S-H with the gelling property, on the other hand, the calcium hydroxide generated by cement hydration can change the solubility and the dissolution speed of the gypsum, the hardening capacity of the desulfurized gypsum is increased; and the desulfurized gypsum and the fluidized bed furnace slag can excite activity after contacting with cement particles, accelerate cement hydration, promote concrete strength, make the interior of the concrete more compact, reduce carbon dioxide permeability and improve the anti-carbonization capability of the concrete.
Preferably, the length of the glass fiber is 20 to 30 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the glass fiber with the length of 20-30mm can be uniformly dispersed in the concrete, and plays roles of plasticizing and reinforcing the concrete.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a naphthalene water reducing agent or a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the naphthalene water reducer or the polycarboxylic acid water reducer can enhance the bonding property and the cohesiveness of concrete, reduce the rebound rate and improve the strength of the concrete.
Preferably, the special admixture for the high-strength concrete further comprises 0.8-1.4 parts by weight of glass powder and 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of iron tailing powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the concrete is cured, hydrated alkaline substances in the concrete are contacted with carbon dioxide in the external environment to react to generate substances such as carbonate and the like, so that the carbonization phenomenon is generated, and the carbonization of the concrete can consume a hydrated product calcium hydroxide of cement to reduce the pH value in the concrete, so that the concrete loses strong base to protect the environment and is corroded; the glass powder is an amorphous high-silicon dioxide material, has volcanic ash activity, can inhibit alkali aggregate reaction when being doped into concrete as an auxiliary cementing material, consumes a large amount of calcium hydroxide due to secondary hydration of the glass powder, reduces the content of the calcium hydroxide, thereby reducing the reaction capacity of the calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide in the concrete and improving the anti-carbonization effect; the doping of the iron tailing powder can improve the pore structure in the concrete, reduce the number of harmful holes and harmful holes, improve the structural density of the concrete, and block the passage of carbon dioxide and water entering the concrete, thereby improving the anti-carbonization capability.
Preferably, the glass powder is prepared by cleaning, drying and grinding a colorless glass bottle, and the particle size of the glass powder is 30-60 mu m; the specific surface area of the iron tailing powder is 600-680m2/kg。
By adopting the technical scheme, the colorless glass bottles are crushed into glass powder, the waste glass bottles are recycled, the problem of urban pollution caused by low utilization rate of waste glass is solved, and in addition, the waste glass powder has small granularity and can effectively improve the workability and durability of concrete when being doped into the concrete; the iron tailing powder has large specific surface area, more dispersed hydrated products, higher structural density, less internal defects and improved compactness.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a special admixture for high-strength concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of the special additive for the high-strength concrete comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the coal gangue boiling slag, the zeolite powder and the mineral powder to form a premix;
the technical scheme is adopted, the gangue fluidized bed furnace slag, the zeolite powder and the mineral powder are dry-mixed to be uniformly mixed, and then the water reducing agent and the glass fiber soaked by the liquid alkali-free accelerator are mixed with the premix to be uniformly mixed.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag, the zeolite powder, the mineral powder, the alkali-free accelerator, the glass fiber and other components are adopted to prepare the special admixture for the high-strength concrete, the coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag and the zeolite powder have the volcanic ash activity, the concrete coagulation can be accelerated, the cement hydration product content is increased, the density of a concrete structure is increased, the later strength of the concrete is improved, the carbon dioxide permeation path is reduced, and the anti-carbonization capability is improved; in addition, the mineral powder can enhance the cohesiveness of concrete and reduce the dust concentration and the rebound rate when the concrete is sprayed; the glass fiber can increase the viscosity of concrete, form a network structure in the concrete, increase the viscoelasticity of the concrete, reduce the rebound rate and the dust concentration and improve the anti-carbonization capability.
2. In the application, aluminum sulfate, aluminum fluoride, water glass and polyacrylamide are preferably mixed with water to prepare the alkali-free setting accelerator, and fluoride ions, sulfate radicals and aluminum ions can react with cement to quickly generate ettringite, so that concrete is coagulated, and the coagulation time is shortened; the water glass can be preferentially combined with fluorine ions to form fluosilicate, so that the damage of the fluorine ions to hydration products C-S-H gel is reduced, the later strength of concrete is protected, the carbonization resistance is enhanced, and in addition, the polyacrylamide can increase the viscosity of the concrete and reduce the rebound rate and the dust concentration.
3. In the application, the glass fiber is pretreated by using the phenol-tetrachloroethane mixed solution, so that the glass fiber is dispersed into monofilaments, the dispersing effect of the monofilaments in concrete is enhanced, and the rebound rate is further reduced; the network structure formed by the gelatin and the corn starch enters the gaps of the glass fiber under vacuum, and after the network structure is condensed and solidified, the tensile strength of the glass fiber under hydration heat is enhanced, the breaking strength of concrete is enhanced, and the rebound rate of the concrete is further reduced; and finally, the glass fiber is coated by the bisphenol A epoxy resin emulsion intercalated in the organic montmorillonite, so that the glass fiber not only has good elasticity, but also has high adhesion, the dispersibility of the glass fiber in concrete is improved, the interface bonding force of the glass fiber and the concrete is improved, the rebound rate is reduced, and the dust concentration is reduced.
4. In the application, the glass powder and the iron tailing powder are preferably added into the additive, and can increase the compactness of the concrete and reduce the permeation path of carbon dioxide in the concrete, so that the anti-carbonization capacity of the concrete is improved.
Detailed Description
Preparation examples 1 to 6 of alkali-free accelerators
Preparation examples 1-6 where the water glass was selected from san Francisco, environmental protection, Inc. of Shandong, under the trade designation SL-1; the polyacrylamide is selected from Bibo water supply materials of Steud, with a product number of 25 and a molecular weight of 120 ten thousand.
Preparation example 1: 1.1kg of aluminum sulfate and 1.2kg of water are mixed to prepare an aluminum sulfate solution, 0.7kg of aluminum fluoride, 0.15kg of water glass and 0.5kg of polyacrylamide are added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly.
Preparation example 2: 1.5kg of aluminum sulfate and 1.8kg of water are mixed to prepare an aluminum sulfate solution, and 1kg of aluminum fluoride, 0.3kg of water glass and 1kg of polyacrylamide are added and stirred uniformly.
Preparation example 3: the difference from preparation example 1 is that no water glass was added.
Preparation example 4: the difference from preparation example 1 is that polyacrylamide was not added.
Preparation example 5: the difference from preparation example 1 is that aluminum sulfate was not added.
Preparation example 6: the difference from preparation example 1 is that no aluminum fluoride was added.
Preparation examples 7 to 11 of coal gangue fluidized-bed furnace slag
The desulfurized gypsum in preparation examples 7 to 11 is selected from Hebei huihao environmental protection science and technology Limited, with the product number of 208; the portland cement clinker is selected from the processing plant of Teng rock mine products in Lingshou county, and has a cargo number of ty-662.
Preparation example 7: 1kg of desulfurized gypsum is dried, dehydrated, ground and calcined at 500 ℃, then mixed with 1kg of coal gangue calcined at 900 ℃, 0.5kg of portland cement clinker is added, and the mixture is ground to 5 mm.
Preparation example 8: 2kg of desulfurized gypsum is dried, dehydrated, ground and calcined at 600 ℃, then mixed with 2kg of coal gangue calcined at 1000 ℃, 1kg of portland cement clinker is added, and the mixture is ground to 5 mm.
Preparation example 9: the difference from preparation example 7 is that no desulfurized gypsum was added.
Preparation example 10: the difference from preparation example 7 is that portland cement clinker was not added.
Preparation example 11 of oxidized chitin
Preparation example 11 chitin was selected from Nanjing green biosciences, Inc., Cat number 001; 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide was selected from Sakyo surprise chemical Co., Ltd, Wuhan City, Happy I was CT 10991.
Preparation example 11: preprocessing chitin: placing chitin into 40% sodium hydroxide solution at normal temperature, stirring for 1h, and freezing at-10 deg.C overnight. Taking out, thawing, filtering, washing with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying at normal temperature;
secondly, sodium hypochlorite solution (the content of active chlorine is 5 percent) is taken and added with 4moL/L hydrochloric acid solution, and the pH value is adjusted to 10.8;
thirdly, weighing 1g of pretreated chitin, adding the pretreated chitin into 100mL of water, adding 0.125g of sodium bromide and 0.0125g of 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide, fully stirring and dissolving, then adding a sodium hypochlorite solution with well-adjusted pH value, stirring and reacting, controlling the reaction temperature to be 0 ℃ by using an ice water bath, continuously reducing the pH value in the reaction process, dropwise adding 0.5moL/L of sodium hydroxide solution to maintain the whole pH value to be 10.8, and dropwise adding 3.2mL of 0.5moL/L of sodium hydroxide solution from the cross section of the reaction valley; after 2h, when the pH value changes slowly, the reaction is ended, the filtration is carried out, the filtrate is added with absolute ethanol value water and ethanol with the mass ratio of 2:8, precipitate is separated out, filtered and washed, dehydrated by dry acetone, and dried under reduced pressure at normal temperature to obtain a white solid product.
Examples
In the following examples, the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is selected from Shandong Hongquan chemical technology Co., Ltd., product number 198; the glass fiber is selected from Jiangsu Kangdafu New Material Co., Ltd, and the product number is 5512; the bisphenol A epoxy resin emulsion is selected from Shanghai Satsu chemical technology Co., Ltd, and the viscosity is 12000-15000 mPa.s; the polyvinylpyrrolidone is selected from Jiangsu Ruichi Cheng Biotech Co., Ltd, with a product number of K30; KH-550 is selected from Jinconga chemical Co., Ltd; the gelatin is selected from Tekang Biotechnology GmbH, with model number KJ 201; the corn starch is selected from Shandong gold gull commercial and trade Co., Ltd, with a product number of 006.
Example 1: the raw material composition of the admixture special for the high-strength concrete is shown in table 1, an alkali-free accelerator in table 1 is aluminum sulfate, a water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, mineral powder is S95-grade mineral powder, coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag is prepared by calcining coal gangue at 900 ℃ for 2 hours, and the length of glass fiber is 20 mm.
The preparation method of the special admixture for the high-strength concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the coal gangue boiling slag, the zeolite powder and the mineral powder to form a premix;
s2, uniformly mixing the water reducing agent, the glass fiber and the alkali-free accelerator, adding the premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare the special admixture for the high-strength concrete.
TABLE 1 raw material amounts of Admixture for high-strength concrete in examples 1 to 4
Examples 2 to 4: a high-strength concrete admixture is different from example 1 in that the raw materials are shown in Table 1.
Examples 5 to 12: an admixture for high-strength concrete, which is different from example 1 in that the selection of the alkali-free accelerator and the gangue boiling slag is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 concrete sources of alkali-free accelerators and coal gangue boiling slag in examples 5-12
| Examples | Alkali-free accelerator | Gangue fluidized bed furnace slag |
| Example 5 | Preparation example 1 | Calcining coal gangue at 900 ℃ for 2h |
| Example 6 | Preparation example 2 | Calcining coal gangue at 900 ℃ for 2h |
| Example 7 | Preparation example 3 | Calcining coal gangue at 900 ℃ for 2h |
| Example 8 | Preparation example 4 | Calcining coal gangue at 900 ℃ for 2h |
| Example 9 | Preparation example 5 | Calcining coal gangue at 900 ℃ for 2h |
| Example 10 | Preparation example 6 | Calcining coal gangue at 900 ℃ for 2h |
| Example 11 | Preparation example 1 | Preparation example 7 |
| Example 12 | Preparation example 1 | Preparation example 8 |
| Example 13 | Preparation example 1 | Preparation example 9 |
| Example 14 | Preparation example 1 | Preparation example 10 |
Example 15: the additive special for the high-strength concrete is different from the additive in example 11 in that the glass fiber is pretreated by the following steps:
soaking glass fiber in a solution prepared by mixing phenol and tetrachloroethane according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and drying;
dipping the glass fiber obtained in the step one in a solution prepared by mixing 5kg of gelatin, 4kg of water, 1kg of glycerin, 1.5kg of corn starch and 1kg of oxidized chitosan at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum, and drying;
mixing 0.2kg of organic montmorillonite and 1kg of bisphenol A epoxy resin, emulsifying uniformly at the rotating speed of 3000r/min, ultrasonically shaking for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃, defoaming in vacuum, adding 0.02kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.01kg of coupling agent, stirring uniformly, adding 3kg of the product obtained in the step II, and kneading in vacuum at the kneading temperature of 120 ℃ and KH-550 as the coupling agent.
Example 16: a special additive for high-strength concrete is different from that in example 15 in that 0.8kg of glass powder and 0.5kg of iron tailing powder are added into a pre-mixture, the pre-mixture is uniformly mixed with a mixture of a water reducing agent, glass fibers and an alkali-free accelerating agent, the glass powder is prepared by cleaning, drying and grinding a colorless glass bottle, the particle size of the glass powder is 30 mu m, and the chemical compositions of the glass powder and the iron tailing powder are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 chemical composition of glass frit
| Composition/% | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O | SO3 | TiO2 |
| Glass powder | 70 | 3.51 | 0.517 | 9.44 | 0.87 | 13.98 | 0.863 | 0.35 | 0.057 |
| Iron tailing powder | 61.7 | 9.09 | 14.8 | 5.85 | 3.52 | 0.65 | 2.08 | 0.71 | 0.53 |
Example 17: the additive special for high-strength concrete is different from the additive in example 15 in that 1.4kg of glass powder and 1.2kg of iron tailing powder are added into a pre-mixture, the pre-mixture is uniformly mixed with a mixture of a water reducing agent, glass fibers and an alkali-free accelerator, the glass powder is prepared by cleaning, drying and grinding colorless glass bottles, the particle size of the glass powder is 60 mu m, and the chemical compositions of the glass powder and the iron tailing powder are shown in Table 3.
Example 18: a special admixture for high-strength concrete, which is different from the admixture in example 16, is characterized in that equal amount of iron tailing powder is used to replace glass powder.
Example 19: a special additive for high-strength concrete is different from that in example 16 in that the same amount of glass powder is used to replace iron tailing powder.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: the special admixture for high-strength concrete is different from the admixture in the embodiment 1 in that the same amount of zeolite powder is used for replacing coal gangue boiling slag.
Comparative example 2: the special admixture for high-strength concrete is different from the admixture in the embodiment 1 in that the zeolite powder is replaced by the same amount of coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag.
Comparative example 3: the special admixture for the high-strength concrete is different from the admixture in the embodiment 1 in that zeolite powder and coal gangue boiling slag are not added.
Comparative example 4: the additive special for the high-strength concrete is different from the additive in the embodiment 1 in that no mineral powder is added.
Comparative example 5: the additive special for the high-strength concrete is different from the additive in the embodiment 1 in that no glass fiber is added.
Comparative example 6: an accelerator prepared from aluminum oxide clinker, sodium carbonate and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.5 is used instead of the alkali-free accelerator.
Comparative example 7: a special high-strength composite water reducing agent for sprayed concrete comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the component A comprises: sulphoaluminate, sulfonate and a water retention tackifier; and B component: the hydroxyl salt, the high-molecular polymer material and the silicon powder comprise the following components in percentage by mass: the component A comprises: 40% of sulphoaluminate, 30% of sulfonate and 30% of water retention tackifier; and (3) finished product: 18 percent of hydroxyl salt, 0.5 percent of high molecular polymer material, 71.5 percent of silicon powder and 10 percent of component A, wherein the water retention tackifier is cellulose ether high molecular polymer material and is polyhydroxy acid salt.
Application example of performance detection test: the concrete was prepared by mixing the compositions shown in Table 4, the admixtures prepared in examples 1 to 18 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were added to the concrete in an amount of 4% by weight of the binder, and sprayed on the sprayed surface by the dry spraying method, wherein the basic properties of the cement are shown in Table 5, and the properties of crushed stone and sand are shown in tables 6 and 7, respectively, and then the following tests were carried out:
1. compressive strength: the test was carried out according to GB/T50080-20116 Standard for testing Performance of ordinary concrete mixtures, and the test results are recorded in Table 8.
2. Setting time: the test was carried out according to GB/T50080-20116 Standard for testing Performance of ordinary concrete mixtures, and the test results are recorded in Table 8.
3. The rebound resilience: the rebound resilience is calculated as follows: the rebound rate is the amount of the landing material/the total amount of the injection × 100% at the time of the injection, the rebound material is collected by using a woven cloth and then weighed, the total amount of the injection is calculated by the weight of the added material at one time, and the detection result is recorded in table 8.
4. Dust concentration: the test is carried out according to GBJ85-85 technical Specification of spray irrigation engineering, the compressive strength after curing is tested according to GB/T50080-20116 Standard of Performance test method of common concrete mixtures, and the test results are recorded in Table 8.
5. Anti-carbonization ability: respectively pouring concrete into concrete test blocks of 100mm multiplied by 400mm, removing the mold at 20 ℃ for 1d after the test blocks are formed, moving the test blocks to a standard curing room (the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, and the humidity is more than 95 percent) for curing, baking the test blocks at 60 ℃ for 48h before carbonization, then, referring to GB/T500-82-2009 Standard test method for testing the long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete, carrying out accelerated carbonization test on the concrete, putting the test block in a carbonization test box with the concentration of carbon dioxide of (20 +/-3)%, the humidity of (70 +/-5)%, and the temperature of (20 +/-2) ° C for accelerated carbonization until the temperature is 28 days, taking out the test block from the carbonization box, splitting the test block from one end by adopting a splitting method, brushing off powder remained on the section, titrating the solution by using phenolphthalein alcohol solution with the concentration of 1%, measuring the carbonization depth after 30s, and recording the detection result in a table 9.
TABLE 4 formulation of high-Strength concrete
TABLE 5 basic Properties of the cements
TABLE 6 technical indices of crushed stone
TABLE 7 technical indices of sand
TABLE 8 Performance test of Admixture addition to concrete
As can be seen from the data in Table 8, in examples 1-4, aluminum sulfate is used as an alkali-free accelerator, coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag and other raw materials prepared by calcining coal gangue for 2 hours are used for preparing an additive, 4 wt% of a cementing material is added into concrete, and after a dry spraying process, the concrete is cured on a surface to be sprayed, the initial setting time of the concrete is within 5 minutes, the final setting time is within 7 minutes, the dust concentration during spraying is low, the rebound rate is within 10%, and the later-stage compressive strength is high.
The alkali-free setting accelerators prepared in the preparation examples 1 and 2 are respectively adopted in the examples 5 and 6, and compared with the concrete prepared in the example 1, the initial setting time and the final setting time are shortened, the compressive strength is increased in 90 days, the rebound rate is reduced, and the dust concentration is reduced, so that the alkali-free setting accelerators prepared in the application have the effects of accelerating the setting speed of the concrete, increasing the viscosity of the concrete, and reducing the rebound rate and the dust concentration.
Example 7 the alkali-free setting accelerator prepared in preparation example 3, in which no water glass was added, extended the initial setting time and reduced early strength of the concrete to which the admixture of example 7 was added as compared with example 5, indicating that water glass can give concrete with higher early strength.
Example 8 the alkali-free accelerator prepared in preparation example 4 was used, and since polyacrylamide was not added to the alkali-free accelerator prepared in preparation example 4, the concrete to which the admixture of example 8 was added had a higher dust concentration and an increased rebound resilience as compared to example 5, indicating that polyacrylamide can improve the effect of the admixture on the rebound resilience of the concrete and allow the admixture to reduce the dust concentration of the concrete when it was dry-sprayed.
The examples 9 and 10 show that the aluminum sulfate and the aluminum fluoride in the alkali-free setting accelerator can reduce the influence of the setting accelerator on the later strength of concrete, compared with the example 5 and the example 10, respectively, by adopting the alkali-free setting accelerators prepared in the preparation examples 5 and 6, respectively, the preparation examples 5 and 6 have no aluminum sulfate and no aluminum fluoride added compared with the preparation example 1, and the examples 9 and 10 have longer setting time, lower early strength and lower later strength compared with the example 5.
Compared with example 5, the coal gangue boiling slag prepared in preparation example 7 and preparation example 8 is used in addition to the alkali-free accelerator prepared in preparation example 1 in example 11 and example 12, respectively, the setting time of the concrete is further improved and the later strength is obviously increased in example 11 and example 12 compared with example 5.
Example 13 and example 14 the coal gangue boiling slag produced in preparative example 9 and preparative example 10, respectively, were used, and the later strength of the concrete in example 13 and example 4 was reduced as compared with example 11.
Example 15 compared with example 11, glass fiber was pretreated with the coal gangue fluidized-bed furnace slag prepared in preparation example 7 and the alkali-free setting accelerator prepared in preparation example 1, and as can be seen from the data in table 8, the concrete prepared in example 15 had a slightly different initial setting time, final setting time and compressive strength from example 11, but the rebound resilience and dust concentration were significantly reduced, which indicates that the glass fiber could increase the adhesion between the materials and reduce the dust resilience.
In examples 16 and 17, compared with example 15, glass powder and iron tailings powder are also added, the later compression strength of the concrete in examples 16 and 17 is increased, and in examples 18 and 19, the compression strength is reduced compared with example 16 without adding glass powder and iron tailings.
Compared with the example 1, the coal gangue boiling slag is not added in the admixture, compared with the example 1, the zeolite powder is not added in the admixture in the comparative example 2, and compared with the example 1, the later strength of the concrete is reduced in the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 because the coal gangue boiling slag and the zeolite powder are not added in the admixture at the same time.
In comparative example 4, the setting time of the concrete was shortened but the compressive strength was decreased in the later stage and the dust concentration and the rebound resilience were increased at the time of spraying, compared with example 1, without adding the ore powder, which indicates that the rebound resilience and the dust concentration of the concrete were increased although the setting time was shortened by the ore powder.
In comparative example 5, no glass fiber was added, and the setting time of the concrete was not greatly changed but the dust concentration and the rebound resilience were increased as compared with example 1.
In comparative example 6, the use of an accelerator made of aluminum oxy clinker, sodium carbonate and quick lime instead of the alkali-free accelerator resulted in an extended final set time and insufficient after-strength.
Comparative example 7 is a water reducing agent for spray concrete prepared by the prior art, which is blended in concrete, and when sprayed, the setting time of the concrete is prolonged compared with example 1, and the later strength is insufficient, and the dust concentration and the rebound resilience are both larger than those of example 1.
TABLE 9 detection of anti-carbonation Properties of the concretes
As can be seen from the data in Table 9, the admixtures prepared in examples 1-4 have better anti-carbonization effect when added into concrete, and the carbonization depth of the concrete is only within 11mm after the concrete is carbonized for 28 days.
As can be seen from the data in Table 9, the alkali-free accelerators prepared in preparation examples 1 and 2 were used in examples 5 and 6, respectively, and the admixture for high-strength concrete prepared in examples 5 and 6 was added to concrete to improve the anti-carbonation capability of the concrete.
Example 7 the alkali-free setting accelerator prepared in preparation example 3 was used, and the concrete having the admixture prepared in example 7 was subjected to accelerated carbonation for 28 days, and the carbonation depth was 9.87mm, which was increased as compared with example 5, indicating that water glass can enhance the effect of the high-strength concrete admixture on improving the carbonation resistance of concrete.
The alkali-free accelerator prepared in preparation example 4 is additionally used in the high-strength concrete prepared in example 8, and the carbonization depth of the concrete after carbonization is not much different from that of example 5, which indicates that the carbonization performance of the concrete is not greatly influenced by polyacrylamide.
Examples 9 and 10 the alkali-free accelerators obtained in preparation examples 5 and 6 were used, respectively, and the concrete in examples 9 and 10 had a less change in the depth of carbonization than in example 5.
In example 11 and example 12, the alkali-free setting accelerator prepared in preparation example 1 and the coal gangue boiling slag prepared in preparation example 7 and preparation example 8 were respectively used, and the carbonization depth of concrete was reduced after accelerated carbonization, which indicates that the coal gangue boiling slag prepared in the present application has a better carbonization resistance effect.
Example 13 and example 14 use the coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag produced in preparation example 9 and preparation example 10, respectively, and the carbonization depth of the concrete produced in preparation example 9 without adding desulfurized gypsum and preparation example 10 without adding portland cement clinker, and the rating 13 and the carbonization depth of the concrete produced in example 4 are increased, indicating that the desulfurized gypsum and the portland cement clinker can significantly improve the carbonization resistance of the concrete.
Example 15 differs from example 11 in that the glass fibers are pre-treated to provide a uniform distribution of glass fibers in the concrete, and the concrete has an increased resistance to carbonation as can be seen from the data in table 9.
In examples 16 and 17, compared with example 15, in which glass powder and iron ore tailings powder were added, it can be seen from the data in table 9 that the carbonization depth was decreased and the anti-carbonization ability was improved in examples 16 and 17.
In examples 18 and 19, compared with example 16, in example 18, no water glass was added, in example 19, no iron ore tailings was added, and in examples 18 and 19, the concrete was reduced in the depth of carbonization as compared with example 16, and the effect of preventing carbonization was reduced.
In comparative example 1, no coal gangue boiling slag is added, and the carbonization depth of the concrete is increased, which shows that the boiling slag can enhance the durability of the concrete.
In comparative example 2, no zeolite powder was added, and the carbonization depth of concrete was not significantly reduced, but in comparative example 3, no zeolite powder and coal gangue boiling slag were added, and the carbonization depth was smaller than that in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and the carbonization ability was the worst.
In comparative example 4, mineral powder is not added, the carbonization depth of comparative example 4 is increased compared with that of example 1, and in comparative example 5, glass fiber is not added and the carbonization depth of comparative example 5 is increased compared with that of example 1, which shows that the mineral powder and the glass fiber can increase the carbonization resistance of concrete.
In comparative example 6, the accelerating admixture made of sodium carbonate, quicklime and aluminoxy clinker was used, and the admixture made in comparative example 6 did not greatly affect the anti-carbonation ability of the concrete.
Comparative example 7 is a water reducing agent prepared in the prior art, and when the water reducing agent is added into concrete, the carbonization depth of the concrete is obviously increased compared with that of example 1, which shows that the water reducing agent prepared in comparative example 7 has no obvious enhancement on the carbonization resistance of the concrete.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The admixture special for the high-strength concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1.8-3.4 parts of coal gangue fluidized bed furnace slag, 2.6-4.2 parts of zeolite powder, 3-7 parts of alkali-free accelerator, 1-3 parts of water reducer, 5-10 parts of mineral powder and 2.5-5 parts of glass fiber.
2. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alkali-free accelerator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.1-1.5 parts of aluminum sulfate, 0.7-1 part of aluminum fluoride, 0.15-0.3 part of water glass, 0.5-1 part of polyacrylamide and 1.2-1.8 parts of water.
3. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that: the alkali-free accelerator is prepared by the following method: mixing aluminum sulfate with water to prepare an aluminum sulfate solution, adding aluminum fluoride, water glass and polyacrylamide, and uniformly stirring.
4. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 1, wherein the glass fiber is pretreated by the following steps:
soaking glass fiber in a solution prepared by mixing phenol and tetrachloroethane according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1.5, and drying;
soaking the glass fiber obtained in the step one in a solution prepared by mixing 5-8 parts by weight of gelatin, 4-10 parts by weight of water, 1-2 parts by weight of glycerol, 1.5-2 parts by weight of corn starch and 11.5 parts by weight of oxidized chitosan at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ in vacuum, and drying;
mixing 0.2-0.4 weight part of organic montmorillonite and 1-1.5 weight parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, emulsifying uniformly at the rotating speed of 3000-3500r/min, then ultrasonically oscillating for 1-2h at 60-70 ℃, defoaming in vacuum, adding 0.02-0.05 weight part of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.01-0.05 weight part of coupling agent, stirring uniformly, adding 3-5 weight parts of the obtained product, and kneading in vacuum at the kneading temperature of 120-150 ℃.
5. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the coal gangue boiling slag comprises the following steps: drying and dehydrating 1-2 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum, grinding, calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ plus 500 ℃, mixing with 1-2 parts by weight of coal gangue calcined at the temperature of 1100 ℃ plus 900 ℃, adding 0.5-1 part by weight of Portland cement clinker, and grinding.
6. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 1, wherein the length of the glass fiber is 20-30 mm.
7. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is a naphthalene water reducing agent or a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
8. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 1, further comprising 0.8-1.4 parts by weight of glass powder and 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of iron tailings powder.
9. The admixture special for high-strength concrete according to claim 8, wherein the glass powder is prepared by washing, drying and grinding colorless glass bottles, and the particle size of the glass powder is 30-60 μm;
the specific surface area of the iron tailing powder is 600-680m2/kg。
10. The method for preparing the admixture special for the high-strength concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing the coal gangue boiling slag, the zeolite powder and the mineral powder to form a premix;
the water reducing agent, the glass fiber and the alkali-free accelerator are uniformly mixed, and the premix is added and uniformly mixed to prepare the special additive for the high-strength concrete.
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