CN113770782B

CN113770782B - Tool turret driving device and tool replacing method

Info

Publication number: CN113770782B
Application number: CN202111138650.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁晓波
Original assignee: Dongguan Poweey Automation Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Dongguan Poweey Automation Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-27
Filing date: 2021-09-27
Publication date: 2022-09-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-27
Also published as: CN113770782A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutter tower driving device and a cutter replacing method, which relate to the technical field of numerical control machines and comprise a hydraulic adjusting unit, wherein a locking adjusting unit, a cutter driving transition unit, a cutter direct-driving unit and a cutter tower rotation driving unit are respectively and fixedly arranged in the hydraulic adjusting unit, a cutter tower is fixedly arranged at the driving end of the locking adjusting unit, a plurality of cutter mounting holes are formed in the cutter tower, the cutter tower can be directly driven to rotate after the cutter tower rotation driving unit and the locking adjusting unit interact with each other through the linkage of the locking adjusting unit, the cutter driving transition unit, the cutter direct-driving unit and the cutter tower rotation driving unit, and after the locking adjusting unit, the cutter driving transition unit and the cutter direct-driving unit interact with each other, a cutter at the bottommost part can be driven to rotate at a high speed after the cutter tower rotates to a corresponding position, the vacuum period does not exist during the transition of the rotation of the tool turret and the rotation of the cutter, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the machine tool on the workpiece.

Description

Tool turret driving device and tool replacing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a tool turret driving device and a tool replacing method.

Background

In order to facilitate processing of different workpieces or different positions of the workpieces, the numerical control machine tool needs to be matched with a tool turret or a tool magazine, a plurality of different types of machine tools are arranged in the tool turret and the tool magazine, when the numerical control machine tool is used, the tools of the type need to be used, and the tool magazine or the tool magazine can directly correspond to the positions of the tools.

By way of retrieval, a knife tower (publication No. CN 104759650B) has been disclosed, wherein the patent content includes a servo motor, a mounting seat, a transmission assembly, a locking assembly, a rotating assembly, a cutter head and a sub-shaft assembly; the servo motor and the cutter head are arranged on the mounting seat; the locking assembly is positioned between the cutter head and the mounting seat; the rotating assembly is connected with the cutter head; the sub-shaft assembly comprises a sub-shaft and a mandrel; the mandrel is positioned inside the sub-shaft; six or eight sub-shaft assemblies are provided; the servo motor is connected with the mandrel through a transmission assembly; the included angle between the central axes of the two adjacent sub-shafts is 15-30 degrees; the included angle between the central axes of the two opposite angle sub-shafts is 90 degrees. The invention has the advantages that the interference between the tool bits is small, and the operation and the control of the machining process are facilitated.

The above patent contents have the following disadvantages in practical use:

1. the tool turret can be driven to rotate only by single realization so as to achieve the purpose of replacing different types of tools, and the tool turret cannot be linked with a corresponding tool to drive the corresponding tool to rotate at a high speed;

2. the locking (or locking) structure of the turret adopts a linkage mode of the air cylinder and the clutch, belongs to a mechanical type, is easy to damage and has short average service life.

In summary, a turret driving device and a tool replacing method are proposed by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a turret driving device and a tool replacing method, the driving device not only can drive the turret to rotate and replace different types of tools, but also can drive the corresponding tool to rotate at high speed to process a workpiece, and in addition, the driving device is also provided with a hydraulic turret locking structure, compared with the traditional mechanical type, the hydraulic turret driving device has the advantages of high safety, small abrasion degree and longer service life.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the invention discloses a turret driving device, which comprises a hydraulic adjusting unit, wherein a locking adjusting unit, a cutter driving transition unit, a cutter direct-driving unit and a turret rotation driving unit are respectively and fixedly arranged in the hydraulic adjusting unit, two driving ends and two driven ends of the locking adjusting unit are arranged, one driven end of the locking adjusting unit is connected with the driving end of the cutter direct-drive unit, the other driven end of the locking adjusting unit is connected with the driving end of the tool turret rotation driving unit, one driving end of the locking adjusting unit is meshed and connected with the driven end of the cutter driving transition unit, the other driving end of the locking adjusting unit is fixedly provided with a tool turret, a plurality of cutter mounting holes are formed in the cutter tower, and are circumferentially distributed on the cutter tower;

the locking and adjusting unit comprises a fixed seat fixed in the hydraulic adjusting unit and a moving seat rotatably connected in the hydraulic adjusting unit, wherein one end of the moving seat is fixedly connected with an oil pressure stress boss, the other end of the moving seat is fixedly connected with a turret locking disc through a bolt, the edge of one side of the turret locking disc, which faces the moving seat, is fixedly connected with a plurality of first locking lugs, a first locking groove is formed between every two adjacent first locking lugs, and the middle part of the other end of the moving seat is rotatably connected with a driving bevel gear;

the locking adjusting unit further comprises an outer gear seat fixed inside the hydraulic adjusting unit, a driven outer gear is rotatably connected to the outside of the outer gear seat, a plurality of second locking lugs are fixedly connected to one side edge of the driven outer gear, and a second locking groove is formed between every two adjacent second locking lugs.

Furthermore, the hydraulic pressure adjusting unit comprises a shell, a cutter tower motor installation position and a cutter motor installation position are respectively arranged at the top and inside of the shell, a cutter tower rotation driving unit is installed in the cutter tower motor installation position, a cutter direct-driving unit is installed in the cutter motor installation position, a locking oil cavity and an unlocking oil cavity which are of an annular structure are further formed in the shell, an oil pressure stress boss is located between the locking oil cavity and the unlocking oil cavity, a locking oil path pipe and an unlocking oil path pipe are arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the locking oil path pipe and the unlocking oil path pipe respectively correspond to and are communicated with the locking oil cavity and the unlocking oil cavity.

Furthermore, a driving shaft spline groove is formed in the inner side wall of the driving bevel gear, the movable seat is communicated with the inside of the driving bevel gear, the first locking groove is matched with the second locking lug, the second locking groove is matched with the first locking lug, and the driving bevel gear extends to one side of the cutter tower locking disc from a middle hole of the cutter tower locking disc.

Further, cutter drive transition unit includes the inside mount pad of fixed mounting at hydraulic pressure regulating unit, the one end fixed mounting of mount pad has the sword tower connecting seat, the internal rotation of mount pad is connected with driven output shaft, the bottom of driven output shaft extends to the below of mount pad to the cutter draw-in groove has been seted up, the top of driven output shaft is located the inside of mount pad, and fixed mounting has driven bevel gear, rotate through the bearing between driven output shaft and the mount pad and be connected.

Furthermore, the tooth part of the driving bevel gear extends to the inside of the mounting seat and is in meshed connection with the tooth part of the driven bevel gear.

Further, the cutter directly drives the unit and includes the inside motor mount pad of fixed mounting at hydraulic pressure regulating unit, one side fixed mounting of motor mount pad has cutter driving motor, the cavity has been seted up to the opposite side of motor mount pad, the internal rotation of cavity is connected with the initiative output shaft, cutter driving motor's drive end extends to the inside of cavity, and fixed mounting has first driving gear, the outside of initiative output shaft one end and the district's section fixed mounting that corresponds the cavity have a driven gear, first driving gear meshes with a driven gear mutually.

Furthermore, the other end of the driving output shaft extends into the driving bevel gear and is fixedly connected with a spline shaft, and the spline shaft is clamped with the spline groove of the driving shaft and does not influence the horizontal movement of the tool turret locking disc.

Further, the sword tower rotation driving unit includes that fixed mounting connects at the inside power transition axle of hydraulic pressure regulating unit at the inside sword tower driving motor of hydraulic pressure regulating unit and rotation, sword tower driving motor's drive end fixed mounting has the second driving gear, the one end fixedly connected with second driven gear of power transition axle, the one end of power transition axle extends to the top of driven external gear, and fixed mounting has external gear drive gear, external gear drive gear meshes with driven external gear mutually, the second driving gear meshes with second driven gear mutually.

In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a tool replacing method, which is based on the tool turret driving apparatus, and includes the following steps:

s1, installing a corresponding cutter in the cutter installation hole;

s2, after the turret locking disc and the driven external gear are locked, the turret driving motor sequentially drives a second driving gear, a second driven gear, a power transition shaft, an external gear driving gear, a driven external gear and the turret locking disc to rotate, so that the turret is driven to rotate, and a required cutter is rotated to the lowest point;

and S3, after the corresponding cutter rotates to the lowest point, the cutter is connected with the cutter clamping groove in a clamping manner, the cutter driving motor drives the first driving gear, the first driven gear, the driving output shaft, the spline shaft, the driving bevel gear, the driven bevel gear and the driven output shaft to rotate in sequence, and finally the cutter is driven to rotate to process the workpiece.

Advantageous effects

The invention provides a turret driving device and a cutter replacing method. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

1. a tool turret driving device and a tool replacing method are characterized in that a tool turret can be directly driven to rotate after a tool turret rotation driving unit and a locking adjusting unit interact with each other through linkage of the four units, namely the locking adjusting unit, the tool driving transition unit, the tool direct-driving unit and the tool rotation driving unit, and after the locking adjusting unit, the tool driving transition unit and the tool direct-driving unit interact with each other, a bottommost tool can be driven to rotate at a high speed after the tool turret rotates to a corresponding position, and no vacuum period exists during tool turret rotation and tool rotation transition, so that the machining efficiency of a machine tool on a workpiece is improved.

2. A knife tower driving device and a knife tool replacing method, a hydraulic adjusting unit and a locking adjusting unit are arranged, the inner wall of the hydraulic adjusting unit is provided with a locking oil cavity and an unlocking oil cavity, each oil cavity is correspondingly provided with a group of oil path structures, a knife tower locking disc for locking and unlocking the knife tower is indirectly connected with an oil pressure stress boss, the oil pressure stress boss is positioned in the locking oil cavity and the unlocking oil cavity, namely when the knife tower needs to be locked, hydraulic oil is injected into the locking oil cavity, meanwhile, the unlocking oil cavity releases the hydraulic oil to the outside, under the action of pressure difference, a moving seat drives the knife tower locking disc to move towards a driven external gear and lock through the boss, similarly, when the knife tower needs to be unlocked, the locking oil cavity releases the hydraulic oil to the outside, and injects the hydraulic oil into the unlocking oil cavity, and the hydraulic locking structure has high hydraulic safety compared with the traditional mechanical type, the reliability is stronger, and the degree of wear is little, and life is longer.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of the locking adjustment unit, the tool driving transition unit and the tool direct-drive unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of the locking adjustment unit, the tool driving transition unit, the tool direct-drive unit and the turret rotation driving unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view of a hydraulic adjustment unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a rear view of the hydraulic adjusting unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the latch adjustment unit of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the assembly of the locking adjustment unit of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the transition unit for driving the tool of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a cutter direct-drive unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a turret-based rotary drive unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of B-B of FIG. 3 according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a hydraulic pressure adjusting unit; 11. a housing; 12. a turret motor mounting position; 13. a tool motor mounting position; 14. a locking oil cavity; 15. an unlocking oil cavity; 16. locking an oil path pipe; 17. unlocking the oil pipeline; 2. a lock-up adjustment unit; 21. a fixed seat; 22. a movable seat; 23. oil pressure stress boss; 24. a turret locking disc; 25. a first locking projection; 26. a first locking groove; 27. a drive shaft spline groove; 28. an outer gear seat; 29. a driven external gear; 210. a second locking projection; 211. a second locking groove; 212. a driving bevel gear; 3. a tool drive transition unit; 31. a mounting seat; 32. a turret connecting seat; 33. a driven output shaft; 34. a cutter clamping groove; 35. a driven bevel gear; 36. a bearing; 4. a turret; 41. a cutter mounting hole; 5. a cutter direct-drive unit; 51. a motor mounting base; 52. a cutter driving motor; 53. a cavity; 54. a driving output shaft; 55. a first drive gear; 56. a first driven gear; 57. a spline shaft; 6. a turret rotation drive unit; 61. a turret drive motor; 62. a power transition shaft; 63. a second driving gear; 64. a second driven gear; 65. the external gear drives the gear.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a sword tower drive arrangement, including hydraulic pressure regulating unit 1, there is locking regulating unit 2 at hydraulic pressure regulating unit 1's inside fixed mounting respectively, cutter drive transition unit 3, the cutter directly drives unit 5 and sword tower rotation driving unit 6, locking regulating unit 2's drive end and driven end all are provided with two, one of them driven end of locking regulating unit 2 is connected with the drive end that the cutter directly drives unit 5, another driven end of locking regulating unit 2 is connected with the drive end of sword tower rotation driving unit 6, one of them drive end of locking regulating unit 2 is connected with the driven end meshing of cutter drive transition unit 3, another drive end fixed mounting of locking regulating unit 2 has sword tower 4, a plurality of cutter mounting holes 41 have been seted up in the inside of sword tower 4, a plurality of cutter mounting holes 41 are circumference distribution on sword tower 4.

Referring to fig. 7-8, the locking adjustment unit 2 includes a fixed base 21 fixed inside the hydraulic adjustment unit 1, a movable base 22 rotatably connected inside the hydraulic adjustment unit 1, an oil pressure stress boss 23 fixedly connected to one end of the movable base 22, a turret locking disc 24 fixedly connected to the other end of the movable base 22 through a bolt, a plurality of first locking protrusions 25 fixedly connected to an edge of one side of the turret locking disc 24 facing the movable base 22, a first locking groove 26 disposed between two adjacent first locking protrusions 25, a driving bevel gear 212 rotatably connected to a middle portion of the other end of the movable base 22, an external gear base 28 fixed inside the hydraulic adjustment unit 1, a driven external gear 29 rotatably connected to an outside of the external gear base 28, a plurality of second locking protrusions 210 fixedly connected to an edge of one side of the driven external gear 29, and a second locking groove 211 disposed between two adjacent second locking protrusions 210, the inside wall of the driving bevel gear 212 is provided with a driving shaft spline groove 27, the movable seat 22 is communicated with the inside of the driving bevel gear 212, the first locking groove 26 is matched with the second locking lug 210, the second locking groove 211 is matched with the first locking lug 25, and the driving bevel gear 212 extends to one side of the tool turret locking disc 24 from a middle hole of the tool turret locking disc 24.

Referring to fig. 5-6, the hydraulic pressure adjusting unit 1 includes a housing 11, a turret motor mounting location 12 and a tool motor mounting location 13 are respectively disposed at the top and inside of the housing 11, the turret rotation driving unit 6 is mounted in the turret motor mounting location 12, the tool direct-drive unit 5 is mounted in the tool motor mounting location 13, a locking oil cavity 14 and an unlocking oil cavity 15 which are of an annular structure are further disposed inside the housing 11, an oil pressure stress boss 23 is located between the locking oil cavity 14 and the unlocking oil cavity 15, a locking oil path pipe 16 and an unlocking oil path pipe 17 are disposed at the bottom of the housing 11, and the locking oil path pipe 16 and the unlocking oil path pipe 17 are respectively correspondingly communicated with the locking oil cavity 14 and the unlocking oil cavity 15.

Referring to fig. 9, the tool driving transition unit 3 includes a mounting seat 31 fixedly installed inside the hydraulic pressure adjusting unit 1, a turret connecting seat 32 is fixedly installed at one end of the mounting seat 31, a driven output shaft 33 is rotatably connected inside the mounting seat 31, a bottom end of the driven output shaft 33 extends to a position below the mounting seat 31, and a tool clamping groove 34 is formed in the mounting seat, a top end of the driven output shaft 33 is located inside the mounting seat 31 and is fixedly installed with a driven bevel gear 35, the driven output shaft 33 is rotatably connected with the mounting seat 31 through a bearing 36, and a tooth portion of the driving bevel gear 212 extends to the inside of the mounting seat 31 and is in meshing connection with a tooth portion of the driven bevel gear 35.

Referring to fig. 10, the cutter direct-drive unit 5 includes a motor mounting seat 51 fixedly installed inside the hydraulic adjustment unit 1, a cutter driving motor 52 is fixedly installed on one side of the motor mounting seat 51, a cavity 53 is formed on the other side of the motor mounting seat 51, a driving output shaft 54 is rotatably connected inside the cavity 53, a driving end of the cutter driving motor 52 extends into the cavity 53, and a first driving gear 55 is fixedly installed, a first driven gear 56 is fixedly installed outside one end of the driving output shaft 54 and corresponding to a section of the cavity 53, the first driving gear 55 is engaged with the first driven gear 56, the other end of the driving output shaft 54 extends into the driving bevel gear 212, and a spline shaft 57 is fixedly connected, the spline shaft 57 is engaged with the driving shaft spline groove 27, and does not affect the horizontal movement of the cutter tower locking disk 24.

Referring to fig. 11, the turret rotation driving unit 6 includes a turret driving motor 61 fixedly installed inside the hydraulic pressure adjusting unit 1 and a power transition shaft 62 rotatably connected inside the hydraulic pressure adjusting unit 1, a second driving gear 63 is fixedly installed at a driving end of the turret driving motor 61, a second driven gear 64 is fixedly connected to one end of the power transition shaft 62, one end of the power transition shaft 62 extends to above the driven external gear 29 and is fixedly installed with an external gear driving gear 65, the external gear driving gear 65 is engaged with the driven external gear 29, and the second driving gear 63 is engaged with the second driven gear 64.

In actual use, firstly, a cutter (not shown in the figure) corresponding to machine tool machining is installed in the cutter installation hole 41, and in the machining process of the numerical control machine tool, different cutters are required to be replaced to machine a workpiece, so that the two processes are divided into two processes, namely, the cutter tower 4 is driven to rotate until the required cutter rotates to the lowest point of the cutter tower 4, and the cutter is driven to rotate at a high speed to machine the workpiece when the corresponding cutter reaches the lowest point;

the first process is as follows: firstly, before rotating the tool turret 4, locking the tool turret 4 is required, specifically, using an external pumping device (not shown in the figure), injecting hydraulic oil into the locking oil path pipe 16, simultaneously, releasing the hydraulic oil outwards from the unlocking oil path pipe 17, so that the oil pressure in the locking oil chamber 14 is greater than the oil pressure in the unlocking oil chamber 15, then, after the oil pressure stress boss 23 is pressed, moving to the right (please refer to fig. 12), so as to drive the moving seat 22 to move to the right, the moving seat 22 drives the tool turret locking disc 24 to move to the right, until the first locking protrusion 25 is clamped in the second locking groove 211, the second locking protrusion 210 is clamped in the first locking groove 26, so as to complete locking, similarly, injecting hydraulic oil into the unlocking oil path pipe 17, releasing the hydraulic oil outside the locking oil path pipe 16, so that the oil pressure in the unlocking oil chamber 15 is greater than the oil pressure in the locking oil chamber 14, then, after the oil pressure stress boss 23 is pressed, moving to the left to drive the moving seat 22 to move to the left, and the moving seat 22 drives the turret locking disc 24 to move to the left until the first locking protrusion 25 is separated from the second locking groove 211 and the second locking protrusion 210 is separated from the first locking groove 26, so that the unlocking operation can be completed;

after the tool turret 4 is locked, the tool turret can synchronously rotate along with the tool turret 29, at the moment, the tool turret driving motor 61 works to sequentially drive the second driving gear 63, the second driven gear 64, the power transition shaft 62, the external gear driving gear 65, the driven external gear 29 and the tool turret locking disc 24 to rotate, the tool turret locking disc 24 is fixedly connected with the tool turret 4, and then the tool turret 4 is driven to rotate, so that a required tool is rotated to the lowest point;

the second process is as follows: when the required tool rotates to the lowest point, the shank of the tool is clamped in the tool clamping groove 34, and then the tool driving motor 52 operates, and the tool driving motor 52 drives the first driving gear 55, the first driven gear 56, the driving output shaft 54, the spline shaft 57, the driving bevel gear 212, the driven bevel gear 35, and the driven output shaft 33 to rotate in sequence, and finally drives the tool to rotate, so as to process the workpiece (see fig. 13).

In conclusion, the driving device is characterized in that the locking adjusting unit, the cutter driving transition unit, the cutter direct-drive unit and the cutter direct-drive unit are linked, the cutter rotary-drive unit and the locking adjusting unit are interacted, then the cutter is directly driven to rotate, the locking adjusting unit, the cutter driving transition unit and the cutter direct-drive unit are interacted, then the bottommost cutter is driven to rotate at high speed after the cutter rotates to a corresponding position, no vacuum period exists during the transition of the rotation of the cutter and the rotation of the cutter, so that the processing efficiency of a machine tool on a workpiece is improved, in addition, through the hydraulic adjusting unit and the locking adjusting unit, the inner wall of the hydraulic adjusting unit is provided with locking and oil-releasing cavity locking cavities, each oil cavity is correspondingly provided with a group of oil path structures, and the cutter locking disk for locking and unlocking the cutter disk is indirectly connected with an oil pressure stress boss, and the oil pressure stress boss is positioned in the locking oil cavity and the unlocking oil cavity, namely when the turret needs to be locked, hydraulic oil is injected into the locking oil cavity, meanwhile, the unlocking oil cavity releases the hydraulic oil to the outside, under the action of pressure difference, the movable seat drives the turret locking disc to move towards the driven external gear and is locked through the convex block.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The tool turret driving device is characterized by comprising a hydraulic adjusting unit (1), wherein a locking adjusting unit (2), a tool driving transition unit (3), a tool direct-driving unit (5) and a tool turret rotation driving unit (6) are fixedly mounted inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1) respectively, two driving ends and two driven ends are arranged in the locking adjusting unit (2), one driven end of the locking adjusting unit (2) is connected with the driving end of the tool direct-driving unit (5), the other driven end of the locking adjusting unit (2) is connected with the driving end of the tool turret rotation driving unit (6), one driving end of the locking adjusting unit (2) is connected with the driven end of the tool driving transition unit (3) in a meshed manner, and a tool turret (4) is fixedly mounted at the other driving end of the locking adjusting unit (2), a plurality of cutter mounting holes (41) are formed in the cutter tower (4), and the cutter mounting holes (41) are circumferentially distributed on the cutter tower (4);

the locking and adjusting unit (2) comprises a fixed seat (21) fixed inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1) and a moving seat (22) rotatably connected inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1), one end of the moving seat (22) is fixedly connected with an oil pressure stress boss (23), the other end of the moving seat (22) is fixedly connected with a turret locking disc (24) through bolts, the edge of one side, facing the moving seat (22), of the turret locking disc (24) is fixedly connected with a plurality of first locking convex blocks (25), a first locking groove (26) is formed between every two adjacent first locking convex blocks (25), and the middle of the other end of the moving seat (22) is rotatably connected with a driving bevel gear (212);

the locking adjusting unit (2) further comprises an external gear seat (28) fixed inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1), the outside of the external gear seat (28) is rotatably connected with a driven external gear (29), one side edge of the driven external gear (29) is fixedly connected with a plurality of second locking lugs (210), and a second locking groove (211) is formed between every two adjacent second locking lugs (210);

a driving shaft spline groove (27) is formed in the inner side wall of the driving bevel gear (212), the moving seat (22) is communicated with the inside of the driving bevel gear (212), the first locking groove (26) is matched with the second locking lug (210), the second locking groove (211) is matched with the first locking lug (25), and the driving bevel gear (212) extends to one side of the tool tower locking disc (24) from a middle hole of the tool tower locking disc (24);

the cutter driving transition unit (3) comprises an installation seat (31) fixedly installed inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1), one end of the installation seat (31) is fixedly provided with a cutter tower connecting seat (32), the inside of the installation seat (31) is rotatably connected with a driven output shaft (33), the bottom end of the driven output shaft (33) extends to the lower side of the installation seat (31) and is provided with a cutter clamping groove (34), the top end of the driven output shaft (33) is located inside the installation seat (31) and is fixedly provided with a driven bevel gear (35), and the driven output shaft (33) is rotatably connected with the installation seat (31) through a bearing (36);

the tooth part of the driving bevel gear (212) extends to the inside of the mounting seat (31) and is in meshed connection with the tooth part of the driven bevel gear (35);

the cutter direct-drive unit (5) comprises a motor mounting seat (51) fixedly mounted inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1), a cutter driving motor (52) is fixedly mounted on one side of the motor mounting seat (51), a cavity (53) is formed in the other side of the motor mounting seat (51), a driving output shaft (54) is rotatably connected inside the cavity (53), the driving end of the cutter driving motor (52) extends into the cavity (53) and is fixedly provided with a first driving gear (55), a first driven gear (56) is fixedly mounted outside one end of the driving output shaft (54) and corresponds to a section of the cavity (53), and the first driving gear (55) is meshed with the first driven gear (56);

the other end of the driving output shaft (54) extends into the driving bevel gear (212) and is fixedly connected with a spline shaft (57), and the spline shaft (57) is clamped with the spline groove (27) of the driving shaft without influencing the horizontal movement of the cutter tower locking disc (24);

when the required cutter rotates to the lowest point, the cutter handle of the cutter is clamped in the cutter clamping groove (34), then, the cutter driving motor (52) works, the cutter driving motor (52) sequentially drives the first driving gear (55), the first driven gear (56), the driving output shaft (54), the spline shaft (57), the driving bevel gear (212), the driven bevel gear (35) and the driven output shaft (33) to rotate, and finally the cutter is driven to rotate to process a workpiece;

the hydraulic adjusting unit (1) comprises a shell (11), the top and the inside of the shell (11) are respectively provided with a turret motor mounting position (12) and a cutter motor mounting position (13), the turret rotation driving unit (6) is arranged in the turret motor mounting position (12), the cutter direct-drive unit (5) is arranged in the cutter motor mounting position (13), a locking oil cavity (14) and an unlocking oil cavity (15) which are of annular structures are also arranged in the shell (11), the oil pressure bearing boss (23) is positioned between the locking oil cavity (14) and the unlocking oil cavity (15), a locking oil path pipe (16) and an unlocking oil path pipe (17) are arranged at the bottom of the shell (11), the locking oil path pipe (16) and the unlocking oil path pipe (17) are correspondingly communicated with the locking oil cavity (14) and the unlocking oil cavity (15) respectively;

the tool turret rotation driving unit (6) comprises a tool turret driving motor (61) fixedly installed inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1) and a power transition shaft (62) rotatably connected inside the hydraulic adjusting unit (1), a second driving gear (63) is fixedly installed at the driving end of the tool turret driving motor (61), a second driven gear (64) is fixedly connected to one end of the power transition shaft (62), one end of the power transition shaft (62) extends to the upper portion of the driven outer gear (29), an outer gear driving gear (65) is fixedly installed on the power transition shaft, the outer gear driving gear (65) is meshed with the driven outer gear (29), and the second driving gear (63) is meshed with the second driven gear (64);

the working steps of the tool turret driving device are as follows: firstly, before rotating the cutter tower, the cutter tower needs to be locked, specifically, hydraulic oil is injected into a locking oil path pipe by using external pumping equipment, meanwhile, the unlocking oil path pipe outwards releases the hydraulic oil, so that the oil pressure in a locking oil cavity is larger than the oil pressure in an unlocking oil cavity, then, an oil pressure stressed boss is pressed and moves rightwards, so that a moving seat is driven to move rightwards, the moving seat drives a cutter tower locking disc to move rightwards until a first locking lug is clamped in a second locking groove, a second locking lug is clamped in the first locking groove, namely, locking is completed, similarly, the hydraulic oil is injected into the unlocking oil path pipe, the hydraulic oil is released out of the locking oil path pipe, so that the oil pressure in the unlocking oil cavity is larger than the oil pressure in the locking, then, the oil pressure stressed boss moves leftwards after being pressed, so that the moving seat is driven to move leftwards, the moving seat drives the cutter tower locking disc to move leftwards until the first locking lug is separated from the second locking groove, the second locking lug is separated from the first locking groove, so that unlocking operation can be completed;

after the tool turret is locked, the tool turret can synchronously rotate, a vacuum period does not exist during the transition of the rotation of the tool turret and the rotation of the cutter, at the moment, the tool turret driving motor works to sequentially drive the second driving gear, the second driven gear, the power transition shaft, the external gear driving gear, the driven external gear and the tool turret locking disc to rotate, the tool turret locking disc is fixedly connected with the tool turret, and then the tool turret is driven to rotate, so that the required cutter is rotated to the lowest point;

the second process is as follows: when the required cutter rotates to the lowest point, the cutter handle of the cutter can be clamped in the cutter clamping groove, then, the cutter driving motor works, the cutter driving motor sequentially drives the first driving gear, the first driven gear, the driving output shaft, the spline shaft, the driving bevel gear, the driven bevel gear and the driven output shaft to rotate, and finally the cutter is driven to rotate to process the workpiece.

2. A tool changing method, characterized in that a turret drive device according to claim 1, comprises the steps of:

s1, installing a corresponding cutter in the cutter installation hole (41);

s2, after the cutter tower locking disc (24) and the driven external gear (29) are locked, the cutter tower driving motor (61) sequentially drives the second driving gear (63), the second driven gear (64), the power transition shaft (62), the external gear driving gear (65), the driven external gear (29) and the cutter tower locking disc (24) to rotate, and further drives the cutter tower (4) to rotate, so that a required cutter is rotated to the lowest point;

and S3, after the corresponding cutter rotates to the lowest point, the cutter is connected with the cutter clamping groove (34) in a clamping manner, the cutter driving motor (52) sequentially drives the first driving gear (55), the first driven gear (56), the driving output shaft (54), the spline shaft (57), the driving bevel gear (212), the driven bevel gear (35) and the driven output shaft (33) to rotate, and finally the cutter is driven to rotate to process the workpiece.