CN113770388B - 3D printing positioning auxiliary device, 3D printing product positioning method and processing method - Google Patents

3D printing positioning auxiliary device, 3D printing product positioning method and processing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113770388B
CN113770388B CN202111074123.6A CN202111074123A CN113770388B CN 113770388 B CN113770388 B CN 113770388B CN 202111074123 A CN202111074123 A CN 202111074123A CN 113770388 B CN113770388 B CN 113770388B
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Prior art keywords
printing
reference surface
auxiliary
measuring
distance
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CN113770388A (en
Inventor
蹤雪梅
薄夫祥
何冰
祝毅
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Jiangsu Xugong Construction Machinery Research Institute Co ltd
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Jiangsu Xugong Construction Machinery Research Institute Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
    • B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a 3D printing positioning auxiliary device, a 3D printing product positioning method and a processing method, wherein the 3D printing positioning auxiliary device comprises an auxiliary piece, the auxiliary piece and a 3D printing product are integrally printed and formed, and the auxiliary piece comprises a clamping part convenient for clamping. According to the invention, the auxiliary piece is integrally formed on the 3D printing product, so that the 3D printing product can be clamped and positioned through the auxiliary piece, and even if the surface of the 3D printing product is irregular, the clamping and positioning can be realized through the auxiliary piece, so that the problem that the 3D printing product cannot be positioned and clamped due to the irregular surface in the related technology is solved.

Description

3D printing positioning auxiliary device, 3D printing product positioning method and processing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printing positioning auxiliary device, a 3D printing product positioning method and a processing method.
Background
The SLM process (Selective Laser Melting, selective laser melting process) is a metal 3D printing technology, is a digital manufacturing technology for material (layering) stacking forming based on three-dimensional model data, and can directly manufacture parts with complex structures without a die or a tool compared with the traditional material reduction and equal material manufacturing, and free manufacturing is realized to a great extent. And a novel manufacturing technical means is provided for the development of hydraulic technology by combining with the additive innovative design.
The hydraulic valve is used as a control element of a hydraulic system, plays a role in controlling and regulating the hydraulic pressure, flow and direction of oil, and is the most important core part of engineering machinery. The traditional hydraulic valve is mainly formed by drilling on a forging blank and a casting blank, and the specific processing method comprises the following steps: a valve body is machined by adopting a traditional forging blank, a fine datum plane is formed after milling, then cross drilling is carried out according to the datum plane to form an internal oil duct, and finally port plug-in holes and oil ports are machined.
The valve body is machined in a regular shape, so that the clamping is convenient during machining, and a special tool clamp is not required to be customized. However, the valve body manufactured by adopting the metal 3D printing mode is a near-net blank which is close to the shape of a final part, only the port part is required to be processed, but the valve body is light in weight after the shape is subjected to additive innovative design, so that the valve body is complex in structure, a large number of special-shaped curved surface structures exist, the shape is extremely irregular, great difficulty is caused to mechanical processing clamping and processing positioning, a general fixture is not fully applicable, a special fixture is required to be customized, the application cost of metal 3D printing is increased, and the valve body is extremely unfavorable for changing the design, so that the application value of metal 3D printing is weakened; in addition, even if a special fixture for processing the valve body in additive manufacturing is customized, the valve body is inevitably deformed in the metal 3D printing process, so that errors are generated on the curved surface matched with the fixture, the positioning precision cannot be well ensured, and the errors exist in the processing of the valve body in metal 3D printing.
At present, the positioning and processing of the metal 3D printing hydraulic valve body aiming at the additive innovative design are carried out by adopting the traditional valve body processing method in the industry, and the proposal proposed for processing the parts with different structural forms all needs to process special machining tools and fixtures, while the tool fixtures can be suitable for processing and positioning parts in batches, but are not suitable for processing and positioning the valve body manufactured by adding materials in multiple types and small batches, the metal 3D printing hydraulic valve has the special characteristics of poor generality, not only increases the application cost of the metal 3D printing technology, but also limits the freedom degree of the additive innovative design, and can not solve the positioning and processing problems of the hydraulic valve body designed and manufactured by adding materials with low cost and high efficiency.
It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of the present invention is only for increasing the understanding of the general background of the present invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a 3D printing positioning auxiliary device, a 3D printing product positioning method and a processing method, which solve the problem that a 3D printing product in the related art cannot be positioned and clamped due to irregular surfaces.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a 3D printing positioning auxiliary device is provided, which comprises an auxiliary piece, wherein the auxiliary piece and a 3D printing product are integrally printed and formed, and the auxiliary piece comprises a clamping part convenient for clamping.
In some embodiments, the clamping portion includes a clamping plane.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element comprises a first auxiliary element comprising a first plane and a second auxiliary element comprising a second plane, the first plane and the second plane being coplanar and comprising the clamping plane.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element extends from an outer surface of the 3D printed product in a direction away from the 3D printed product.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary device comprises at least three auxiliary pieces arranged on at least one side of the 3D printed product, the at least three auxiliary pieces are uniformly arranged on the side surface of the auxiliary pieces, and the end surfaces of the at least three auxiliary pieces, which are far away from the 3D printed product, are coplanar.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element comprises a hollow cylinder, the end face of the cylinder comprising a flat surface.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary member is molded to a side of the 3D printing product, and the auxiliary member is configured in a shape capable of being self-supporting to omit a support member for supporting the auxiliary member during printing.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element comprises a portion having an inverted conical cross section.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element is molded to the bottom surface of the 3D printed product.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D printed product positioning method comprising:
when a 3D printing product is printed, an auxiliary piece integrally formed with the 3D printing product is printed, wherein the auxiliary piece comprises a clamping part convenient for clamping; and
clamping parts are clamped by using clamping tools so as to realize the positioning of the 3D printing product.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D printed product processing method comprising:
selecting a first end face to be processed of the 3D printing product as a first reference face, selecting at least two measuring points positioned on the 3D printing product, and measuring the distance between each measuring point and the first reference face; and
and determining the processing amount required to process the first reference surface according to the measured difference value between the actual distance and the theoretical distance between each measuring point and the first reference surface.
In some embodiments, prior to selecting the first datum, the 3D printed product processing method further comprises:
when printing 3D and print the product, print and 3D prints the auxiliary part of product integrated into one piece, auxiliary part is including the clamping portion of being convenient for clamping, and at least one of at least two measurement points is located auxiliary part.
In some embodiments, determining the machining amount for the first reference surface based on the measured difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance between each of the measurement points and the first reference surface includes:
calculating the difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance between each measured point and the first reference plane;
analyzing the difference value corresponding to each measuring point to determine whether to reserve the measuring data corresponding to the measuring point;
and determining the machining quantity required to machine the first reference surface according to the reserved measurement data.
In some embodiments, determining whether to retain measurement data corresponding to a measurement point includes:
if the calculated difference value is smaller than or equal to a preset difference value, reserving measurement data corresponding to the difference value;
if the calculated difference is larger than the preset difference, determining whether a measuring point corresponding to the difference is positioned on the auxiliary piece;
if yes, eliminating the measurement data of the measurement points larger than the preset difference value;
if not, repairing the 3D printing product.
In some embodiments, determining the amount of work required to work on the first datum surface based on the retained measurement data comprises:
calculating an average of the individual differences in the retained measurement data;
and determining the actual machining amount required to machine the first reference surface according to the average number and the theoretical machining amount of the first reference surface.
In some embodiments, before measuring the distance between each measurement point and the first reference plane, further comprising:
measuring the flatness of the first reference surface;
comparing the measured actual flatness of the first reference surface with the preset flatness;
if the actual flatness is smaller than or equal to the preset flatness, a step of measuring the distance between each measuring point and the first reference surface is carried out;
and if the actual flatness is greater than the preset flatness, repairing the 3D printing product.
Based on the technical scheme, in the embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary piece is connected to the 3D printing product printed by the 3D printing technology, the auxiliary piece and the 3D printing product are integrally formed by 3D printing, and the auxiliary piece comprises the clamping part convenient for clamping.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the 3D printing positioning auxiliary device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of one embodiment of the 3D print positioning aid of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a first measurement schematic diagram of an embodiment of the 3D printing positioning assistance device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a second measurement schematic diagram of an embodiment of the 3D printing positioning assistance device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a third measurement schematic diagram of an embodiment of the 3D printing positioning auxiliary device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method of processing a 3D printed product according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a first auxiliary member; 2. a second auxiliary member; 3. a third auxiliary member; 4. a fourth auxiliary member; 5. a fifth auxiliary member; 6. a sixth auxiliary member; 7. a seventh auxiliary member; 8. an eighth auxiliary member; 9. a ninth auxiliary member; 10. a tenth auxiliary member; 11. an eleventh auxiliary member; 12. a twelfth auxiliary member; 21. a first reference surface; 22. a second reference surface; 23. a third reference surface; 24. a fourth reference surface; 25. a fifth reference surface; 26. a sixth reference surface; A. a first side; B. a second side; C. a third side; D. a fourth side; E. a fifth side; F. and a sixth side.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "lateral," "longitudinal," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments of the 3D printing positioning auxiliary device provided by the invention, the auxiliary device includes an auxiliary member, the auxiliary member and the 3D printing product are integrally printed and formed, and the auxiliary member includes a clamping portion for facilitating clamping. The 3D printed product is a product printed by a 3D printing technique.
In the embodiment, the auxiliary piece is connected to the 3D printing product formed by printing through the 3D printing technology, the auxiliary piece and the 3D printing product are integrally formed by 3D printing, and the auxiliary piece and the 3D printing product are integrally formed.
Through auxiliary member, can realize the clamping and the location to the 3D printing product, guarantee the stability of course of working to effectively improve the machining precision.
When the printing program of the 3D printing product is designed, the printing program of the auxiliary piece is added, so that the auxiliary piece and the 3D printing product can be integrally printed and formed, the auxiliary piece is not required to be manufactured independently, the realizability is high, and the addition of the auxiliary piece can not bring great influence to the product forming.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention realizes clamping and positioning by arranging the auxiliary parts on the 3D printed product, the structure of the auxiliary parts can be set to be matched with the structure of the existing clamping tool, and the auxiliary parts with the same or similar structure can be arranged no matter what the structure of the 3D printed product is, so that the existing clamping tool is adapted, and special clamping tools are not required to be customized for different 3D printed products like the prior art, thereby greatly saving the processing cost.
In some embodiments, the clamping portion includes a clamping plane. Through setting up the clamping plane, clamping portion and clamping instrument matched with can be convenient for, most clamping instrument can be adapted, the commonality is improved.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary device comprises a first auxiliary element 1 and a second auxiliary element 2, the first auxiliary element 1 comprising a first plane and the second auxiliary element 2 comprising a second plane, the first plane and the second plane being coplanar and constituting a clamping plane. By arranging at least two auxiliary parts, the area of the clamping plane can be increased, the supporting performance of the clamping plane is improved, and the stability is improved.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element extends from an outer surface of the 3D printed product in a direction away from the 3D printed product. The auxiliary piece is arranged on the outer surface of the 3D printing product, so that the influence of the auxiliary piece on the inner structure of the 3D printing product can be avoided, the auxiliary piece can be conveniently cut off from the 3D printing product after the processing is finished, and the structural influence on the 3D printing product is reduced.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary device comprises at least three auxiliary elements disposed on at least one side of the 3D printed product. By arranging at least three auxiliary parts, the clamping and positioning stability can be further improved, and the positioning precision is ensured.
At least three auxiliary elements may be uniformly arranged on the side on which they are located in order to achieve uniform support and positioning. The end faces, far away from the 3D printing products, of the at least three auxiliary pieces are coplanar, and the arrangement can be matched with a clamping tool conveniently, so that the clamping and positioning of the 3D printing products are realized.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element comprises a hollow cylinder, the end face of the cylinder comprising a flat surface.
By providing the auxiliary member as a hollow cylindrical structure, the weight of the auxiliary member can be reduced. And after finishing the processing to 3D printing product, auxiliary part needs to be cut off, sets up the auxiliary part to hollow structure, can also reduce the consumptive material, practices thrift the cost.
The terminal surface of cylinder includes the plane, is convenient for cooperate with clamping instrument, realizes the clamping and the location to the 3D printing product.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary member is molded to a side of the 3D printing product, and the auxiliary member is configured in a shape capable of being self-supporting to omit a support member for supporting the auxiliary member during printing.
In the process of printing 3D printing products, the bottom of the products is printed firstly, then the products are accumulated layer by layer upwards, a layer of powder material needs to be paved before each layer of printing, if a hollowed-out part appears in the middle of the products, and then when the products are printed upwards, a supporting piece needs to be arranged at the hollowed-out part so as to support the paved powder material through the supporting piece. In the embodiment of the invention, since the auxiliary piece is arranged on the side surface of the 3D printing product, when the auxiliary piece is not formed from the bottom, the auxiliary piece is constructed into a shape capable of realizing self-support, and the support piece which is required to be arranged below the auxiliary piece can be omitted when the auxiliary piece is printed, so that the material waste is reduced, and the printing cost is saved.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element comprises a portion having an inverted conical cross section. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the bottoms of the cross sections of the 4 auxiliary members provided on the third side C are in the shape of an inverted cone, resembling a water drop, and the cross sectional areas of the portions gradually increase from bottom to top. The structure can realize self-supporting, does not need to be provided with a special supporting piece, and can effectively reduce the printing cost.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary element is molded to the bottom surface of the 3D printed product. The auxiliary piece that sets up in the bottom surface can regard as whole 3D to print the support base of product, realizes the supporting role to 3D printing the product. The auxiliary piece in the embodiment of the invention integrates clamping, positioning and supporting functions, and has the clamping and positioning functions and the supporting function.
In addition, the auxiliary piece arranged on the bottom surface can also have the function of enabling the 3D printing product to realize local heat dissipation, so that the heat dissipation speed of the 3D printing product is increased, and the forming speed is further increased.
The invention also provides a 3D printing product positioning method, which comprises the following steps:
when a 3D printing product is printed, an auxiliary piece integrally formed with the 3D printing product is printed, wherein the auxiliary piece comprises a clamping part convenient for clamping; and
clamping parts are clamped by using clamping tools so as to realize the positioning of the 3D printing product.
According to the embodiment of the 3D printing product positioning method, the auxiliary piece is integrally printed and formed on the 3D printing product, so that the 3D printing product is difficult to match with the clamping tool even if the 3D printing product is irregular in shape, the 3D printing product can be clamped and positioned through the auxiliary piece, the stability of the machining process is improved, and the machining precision is guaranteed.
The invention also provides a processing method of the 3D printing product, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a first end face to be processed of the 3D printing product as a first reference surface 21, selecting at least two measuring points positioned on the 3D printing product, and measuring the distance between each measuring point and the first reference surface 21; and
the processing amount required to process the first reference surface 21 is determined based on the measured difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance between each measurement point and the first reference surface 21.
After printing out the blank of the 3D printed product, the conventional way of further processing the blank of the 3D printed product is: and taking the surface to be processed as an initial rough processing reference surface, and then directly carrying out finish processing, wherein the processing amount is the processing allowance preset during printing. However, there is a certain error in printing by the 3D printer, and the printed blank is not necessarily of a desired size, and thus if machining is performed with a preset machining allowance, machining errors may occur. For example, the blank is provided with a mounting hole, when the inside of the blank is provided with a hole channel, if the end face of the mounting hole is processed to have errors, the inner hole channel can also have deviation, and finally, the part can possibly be disabled and can only be discarded as a waste part.
In the embodiment of the invention, the actual machining allowance of the surface to be machined can be determined by selecting the measuring point on the 3D printed product and measuring the distance between the measuring point and the reference surface and the difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance, so that the surface to be machined is machined according to the actual machining allowance, the dislocation of the internal structure of the 3D printed product due to the machining error of the reference surface is prevented, the machining precision is effectively improved, and the waste rate is reduced.
In some embodiments, the 3D printed product processing method further comprises, prior to selecting the first datum 21:
when printing 3D and print the product, print and 3D prints the auxiliary part of product integrated into one piece, auxiliary part is including the clamping portion of being convenient for clamping, and at least one of at least two measurement points is located auxiliary part.
In the above embodiment, through the integrated into one piece shaping auxiliary member on the 3D prints the product, even the shape of 3D prints the product is irregular, hardly with clamping instrument cooperation, also can realize the clamping and the location to the 3D printing product through the auxiliary member, improve the stability of course of working, guarantee machining precision.
Moreover, the auxiliary piece not only has the function of conveniently clamping and positioning the 3D printing product, but also can assist in determining the processing amount of the first reference surface on the 3D printing product in the processing process of the 3D printing product, thereby realizing the auxiliary function of the processing process of the 3D printing product.
By measuring the actual distances between the respective measurement points and the first reference surface 21 and comparing with the theoretical value, a reference can be provided to the processing amount of the first reference surface 21.
In addition to the auxiliary, the measuring point may also be selected to be located at a position such as another hole or plane, the point selected as the measuring point should have a clear theoretical distance from the first reference surface 21 in order to have an alignment condition.
In some embodiments, determining the processing amount of the first reference surface 21 based on the measured difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance between each measurement point and the first reference surface 21 includes:
calculating the difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance between each measured point and the first reference surface 21;
analyzing the difference value corresponding to each measuring point to determine whether to reserve the measuring data corresponding to the measuring point;
the processing amount required to process the first reference surface 21 is determined from the retained measurement data.
In some embodiments, determining whether to retain measurement data corresponding to a measurement point includes:
if the calculated difference value is smaller than or equal to a preset difference value, reserving measurement data corresponding to the difference value;
if the calculated difference is larger than the preset difference, determining whether a measuring point corresponding to the difference is positioned on the auxiliary piece;
if yes, eliminating the measurement data of the measurement points larger than the preset difference value;
if not, repairing the 3D printing product.
In some embodiments, determining the amount of machining that is required to machine the first datum surface 21 based on the retained measurement data includes:
calculating an average of the individual differences in the retained measurement data;
the actual processing amount required to process the first reference surface 21 is determined based on the average number and the theoretical processing amount of the first reference surface 21.
In some embodiments, the 3D printed product processing method further includes, prior to measuring the distance between each measurement point and the first reference surface 21:
measuring the flatness of the first reference surface 21;
comparing the measured actual flatness of the first reference surface 21 with a preset flatness;
if the actual flatness is less than or equal to the preset flatness, a step of measuring the distance between each measurement point and the first reference surface 21 is entered;
and if the actual flatness is greater than the preset flatness, repairing the 3D printing product.
The operation of one embodiment of the 3D printed product processing method of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 6:
as shown in fig. 1, the 3D printed product is a hydraulic valve body including 6 mounting holes, and end surfaces of the 6 mounting holes are a first reference surface 21, a second reference surface 22, a third reference surface 23, a fourth reference surface 24, a fifth reference surface 25, and a sixth reference surface 26, respectively. The valve body is also internally provided with an internal flow passage. The valve body is substantially hexahedral in shape and includes a first side a, a second side B, a third side C, a fourth side D, a fifth side E, and a sixth side F. The first side a is opposite to the second side B, the third side C is opposite to the sixth side F, and the fourth side D and the fifth side E are opposite.
Taking the illustration direction of fig. 1 as a reference direction, the first side surface A and the second side surface B are respectively positioned on the front side and the rear side of the valve body, the third side surface C and the sixth side surface F are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the valve body, and the fourth side surface D and the fifth side surface E are respectively positioned on the bottom surface and the top surface of the valve body.
The end faces of the 6 mounting holes are all located on the first side face A. The third side C is provided with 4 auxiliary elements, a fifth auxiliary element 5, a sixth auxiliary element 6, a seventh auxiliary element 7 and an eighth auxiliary element 8, respectively. The fourth side D is provided with 4 auxiliary elements, namely a first auxiliary element 1, a second auxiliary element 2, a third auxiliary element 3 and a fourth auxiliary element 4, and the fifth side E is provided with 4 auxiliary elements, namely a ninth auxiliary element 9, a tenth auxiliary element 10, an eleventh auxiliary element 11 and a twelfth auxiliary element 12.
On the valve body, except that the first side surface A and the second side surface B are regular planes, the other side surfaces (namely the third side surface C, the fourth side surface D, the fifth side surface E and the sixth side surface F) are all irregular curved surfaces, and a conventional fixture cannot directly clamp the irregular curved surfaces, so that instability in the processing process is easily caused and the processing precision is influenced if the conventional fixture is not used for clamping.
Through set up the auxiliary member on irregular curved surface, the auxiliary member is including the clamping portion of being convenient for the clamping, can realize clamping and location to irregular curved surface, overcomes the problem that can't the clamping because of the irregularity, improves the stability in the course of working, and then improves machining precision.
As shown in fig. 2, four auxiliary elements on the third side C are located at the four corners of the side, respectively. The cross-sectional shapes of the fifth auxiliary member 5, the sixth auxiliary member 6, the seventh auxiliary member 7 and the eighth auxiliary member 8 provided on the third side face C in the direction parallel to the third side face C are all reverse tapers, the bottom of the cross-sectional shape is relatively sharp, the cross-sectional area is gradually increased from bottom to top, and the upper part of the cross-section is in the shape of an arc. The 4 auxiliary parts arranged on the third side surface C can be used for clamping and positioning and also can be used as a self-supporting structure so as to support the upper structure in the printing process, so that the support amount can be reduced in the printing process, the printing efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. The auxiliary piece arranged on the bottom surface (the fourth side surface D) can be used as a base besides clamping and positioning, and is used for supporting the whole valve body structure without arranging a supporting base specially for the valve body. The auxiliary parts on the bottom surface can also play a role in heat dissipation.
Each auxiliary member can be arranged into a hollow cylindrical structure, the diameter of the outer cylinder is 10mm-15mm, and the wall thickness is 3mm-5mm. The hollow structure can reduce printing materials and time and reduce manufacturing cost.
After machining is finished, a user can determine whether to remove the auxiliary structure according to requirements, the auxiliary structure can be removed through simple cutting, and after the auxiliary structure is removed, local polishing and sand blasting treatment is required to be carried out, so that the attractiveness of the surface of the part is ensured.
After printing out the blank of the valve body, the conventional way of further processing the blank is: the first side A is used as an initial rough machining reference surface, then the mounting hole is finished, according to the printing error analyzed in the prior art, the traditional machining mode is adopted, the position of an internal oil duct is possibly misplaced and deviated due to the error of the reference surface, and finally the valve body cannot be normally used after being machined. The valve body is provided with the auxiliary part, the distances between the auxiliary part and the measuring points at other positions and the reference surface are measured and calculated, and the actual machining allowance of the surface to be machined can be determined by comparing and calculating with the theoretical distance, so that the surface to be machined is machined according to the actual machining allowance, dislocation of an internal oil duct due to machining errors of the reference surface is prevented, machining precision is improved, and the defective part rate is reduced.
Referring to fig. 6, in one embodiment, specific operations of the metallic 3D printed product include:
1. structural analysis: analyzing a valve body structure of the metal 3D printing, and determining the position of a mounting hole for mounting the plug-in and the position of an oil port communicated with the mounting hole;
2. measuring the position of the mounting hole: measuring the mounting hole to be processed by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, and obtaining the center coordinate of the mounting hole to be processed so as to match the processing amount calculated subsequently to the corresponding mounting hole;
3. and (3) measuring the end face of the mounting hole: measuring the surface characteristics of a local end face of a mounting hole to be processed by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, wherein the flatness deviation of the local end face is less than or equal to 0.15mm;
4. the following typical feature measurements of the mounting hole end face: analyzing the typical characteristics below the end face of the mounting hole to be processed by taking the end face of the mounting hole to be processed as the top face, wherein the typical characteristics mainly comprise: the characteristics of a round hole, a plane, auxiliary parts and the like are measured by a three-coordinate measuring machine, and test data are stored;
5. distance measurement: the distances between the typical features of the measured round holes, planes, auxiliary parts and the like and the end face of the mounting hole to be processed are measured respectively, the measurement results are classified and numbered, d1, d2 and … dn are recorded, and the total number of the measurement sizes is not less than 8;
6. manufacturing deviation calculation: and (3) performing deviation calculation on the actual measurement distance Di and the theoretical distance Di in design, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Δd i ＝d i -D i
7. manufacturing deviation analysis: the calculated delta d i And (3) comparing and analyzing with a preset difference value:
if Δd i If the average deviation is smaller than or equal to the preset difference value, carrying out the next average deviation calculation;
if Δd i If the measured point is not positioned on the auxiliary piece, the 3D printed product needs to be repaired, and the repair is neededAnd (2) measuring again according to the step (1), and if the repair cannot be performed, scrapping; if the corresponding measuring point is indeed located on the auxiliary element, the deviation Δd is then calculated i Removing and then carrying out the next average deviation calculation;
8. average deviation calculation: the calculated and retained differences Deltad i The average was taken and the calculation formula was as follows:
deleting the data corresponding to the actual difference value exceeding the preset difference value, and then remaining the data of S measuring points;
total deviation:
and (3) calculating effective deviation:
Δd y ＝Δd s /s
9. determining machining allowance of the end face of the mounting hole:
final actual machining allowance M s Is the theoretical machining allowance delta D of the end face of the mounting hole during design y Average deviation Δd from the mounting hole end face calculated in step 8 y The difference is:
M s ＝ΔD y -Δd y
10. and (3) processing the mounting hole according to the part design drawing and the center coordinates of the mounting hole measured in the step (1) by using the actual machining allowance obtained in the step (9). The calculated actual machining allowance may be a thickness size in which the end face of the mounting hole needs to be cut off.
The actual machining allowance of other mounting holes can also be calculated by adopting the method, and optionally, after the actual machining allowance of all the mounting holes is calculated, the machining is performed one by one.
The following describes specific operations of the 3D printing product processing method according to the present invention with reference to specific examples:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the 3D printed product is a hydraulic valve body, a mounting surface for mounting the insert on the valve body is a first side surface a, and an end surface of the first mounting hole is a first reference surface 21.
According to the step 1, the valve body is analyzed to comprise 6 mounting holes, the mounting surfaces of the 6 mounting holes are a first side surface A, 4 auxiliary parts are arranged on a third side surface C, 4 auxiliary parts and two oil ports are arranged on a fourth side surface D, and two oil ports are arranged on a sixth side surface F.
According to the step 2, measuring the center coordinates of the first mounting hole by using a three-coordinate measuring machine;
according to the step 3, measuring the error between the actual flatness of the first side A and the preset flatness to be 0.125mm, and continuing the next step if the error is smaller than or equal to 0.15mm;
according to step 4-5, the distances from the typical features of the round hole, the plane, the auxiliary piece and the like to the first reference surface 21 are measured by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, as shown in fig. 3-5:
on the third side C, 4 points respectively located on 4 auxiliary pieces are selected as measurement points, and the distance values between the 4 measurement points and the first reference surface 21 are respectively:
the actual distance is: d1 = 18.116mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d1 =18 mm;
the actual distance is: d2 = 18.104mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d2 =18 mm;
the actual distance is: d3 = 90.708mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d3 =90.56 mm;
the actual distance is: d4 = 90.710mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d4 =90.56 mm;
on the fourth side face D, 2 points respectively located on two of the auxiliary members and the center points respectively located on the two port end faces are selected as measurement points, and the distance values between the 4 measurement points and the first reference face 21 are respectively:
the actual distance is: d5 = 20.455mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d5 =20mm;
the actual distance is: d6 = 66.148mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d6 =66 mm;
the actual distance is: d7 = 20.637mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d7 =20.5 mm;
the actual distance is: d8 = 90.327mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d8 =90 mm;
on the sixth side surface F, the center points of the two oil port end surfaces are selected as measurement points, and the distance values between the two measurement points and the first reference surface 21 are respectively:
the actual distance is: d9 = 35.215mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d9 =35 mm;
the actual distance is: d10 = 92.215mm, the corresponding theoretical distance is: d10 =92 mm;
according to step 6, calculating the deviation between the actual distance and the theoretical distance to obtain Δd 1 ～Δd 10 The method comprises the following steps of:
Δd 1 ＝0.116mm，Δd 2 ＝0.104mm，Δd 3 ＝0.148mm，Δd 4 ＝0.15mm，Δd 5 ＝0.455mm；
Δd 6 ＝0.148mm，Δd 7 ＝0.137mm，Δd 8 ＝0.327mm，Δd 9 ＝0.215mm，Δd 10 ＝0.15mm；
according to step 7, ΔD is analyzed one by one 1 ～ΔD 10 Whether the deviation is exceeded or not can be found that the deviation of the 5 th and 8 th measuring points is larger, and the data corresponding to the 5 th and 8 th measuring points can be directly kicked off as the 5 th and 8 th measuring points are arranged on the auxiliary piece, and 8 groups of data are left after the kicking off;
according to step 8, the total deviation is calculated as:
and (3) calculating effective deviation:
according to the step 9, determining the actual machining allowance of the first mounting hole is as follows:
M s ＝ΔD y -Δd y ＝0.30-0.115＝0.185mm
thus, the final machining allowance of the end face of the first mounting hole is 0.185mm.
And (3) processing the mounting hole after auxiliary stable clamping by an auxiliary piece by utilizing a universal surface clamp according to the calculated processing allowance and the center coordinates of the mounting hole measured in the step 1.
In this embodiment, the preset difference is equal to the theoretical machining amount of the first reference surface. In other embodiments, the preset difference and the theoretical machining amount of the first reference surface may be different, which is not described herein.
The embodiment of the invention is suitable for additive design and manufacturing of integrated valves with complex structures, does not need to customize a special fixture, ensures the 3D printing and mechanical processing clamping of metal of the hydraulic valve body and the accurate processing of ports such as mounting holes, oil ports and the like with lower cost and higher efficiency, and effectively accelerates the landing of the metal 3D printing technology.
Embodiments of the invention will be seen from the description of the embodiments of the invention which provide at least one or more of the following advantages:
1. the auxiliary piece can be used for carrying out metal 3D printing support, heat dissipation and fashion clamp use during processing, a special fixture is not required to be customized, and the universality is good;
2. the auxiliary piece can enable clamping to be stable, machining to be stable, the problems that an original reference is deviated and the like due to peripheral outline, end face printing errors and the like caused by a metal 3D printing process are not considered, actual machining allowance of a position to be machined is rapidly and accurately obtained, and machining precision of metal 3D printed parts is guaranteed;
3. the auxiliary piece can be suitable for a general clamp, a special positioning special clamp is not required to be independently customized, and the manufacturing cost is low and is remarkably reduced;
4. by arranging the auxiliary parts, the assembly convenience of clamping is effectively improved, the clamp is quickly replaced, and the machining efficiency is effectively improved;
5. the machining allowance of the part to be machined can be determined by measuring the distance between the measuring point and the reference surface and comparing with the theoretical distance, and the automatic batch measurement can be realized by utilizing a three-coordinate measuring machine by programming a special measuring program during measurement, so that the machining positioning data record can be obtained in batches, and the efficiency is high.
The 3D printing positioning auxiliary device provided by the invention can be applied to various 3D printing products, such as hydraulic valves, automobile or airplane parts and the like.
The positive technical effects of the 3D printing positioning auxiliary device in the above embodiments are also applicable to the 3D printing product positioning method and the 3D printing product processing method, and are not repeated here.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications and equivalents of the features disclosed herein may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention or to parts of the features may be substituted without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and equivalents are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (5)

1. A method of processing a 3D printed product, comprising:
selecting a first end face to be processed of the 3D printed product as a first reference surface (21), selecting at least two measuring points located on the 3D printed product, and measuring the distance between each measuring point and the first reference surface (21);
before a first reference surface (21) is selected, printing an auxiliary piece integrally formed with a 3D printing product when the 3D printing product is printed, wherein the auxiliary piece comprises a clamping part convenient for clamping, and at least one of at least two measuring points is positioned on the auxiliary piece; and
a processing amount required to process the first reference surface (21) is determined based on a difference between the measured actual distance and the theoretical distance between each of the measurement points and the first reference surface (21).
2. The 3D printed product processing method according to claim 1, wherein the operation of determining the processing amount of the first reference surface (21) based on the measured difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance between each of the measurement points and the first reference surface (21) comprises:
calculating the difference between the measured actual distance and the theoretical distance between each of the measurement points and the first reference surface (21);
analyzing the difference value corresponding to each measuring point to determine whether to retain the measuring data corresponding to the measuring point;
a machining amount required to machine the first reference surface (21) is determined from the retained measurement data.
3. The 3D printed product processing method of claim 2, wherein the operation of determining whether to retain the measurement data corresponding to the measurement points comprises:
if the calculated difference value is smaller than or equal to a preset difference value, reserving measurement data corresponding to the difference value;
if the calculated difference value is larger than the preset difference value, determining whether the measuring point corresponding to the difference value is positioned on the auxiliary piece or not;
if yes, eliminating the measurement data of the measurement points larger than the preset difference value;
and if not, repairing the 3D printing product.
4. The 3D printed product processing method according to claim 2, wherein the operation of determining the processing amount required to process the first reference surface (21) based on the retained measurement data comprises:
calculating an average of each of the differences in the retained measurement data;
and determining the actual machining amount required to machine the first reference surface (21) according to the average number and the theoretical machining amount of the first reference surface (21).
5. 3D printed product processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that before measuring the distance between each of the measuring points and the first reference surface (21), it further comprises:
measuring the flatness of the first reference surface (21);
comparing the measured actual flatness of the first reference surface (21) with a preset flatness;
if the actual flatness is less than or equal to the preset flatness, a step of measuring the distance between each measuring point and the first reference plane (21) is entered;
and if the actual flatness is larger than the preset flatness, repairing the 3D printing product.
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CN112077309A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-15 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Titanium alloy compressor rotor blade tip repairing method and repairing tool
CN213593648U (en) * 2020-09-29 2021-07-02 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 A auxiliary structure that is used for 3D to print a deformation of preapring for an unfavorable turn of events

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10226919B2 (en) * 2007-07-18 2019-03-12 Voxeljet Ag Articles and structures prepared by three-dimensional printing method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106984820A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-07-28 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） A kind of 3D printing restriction molding servicing unit and its application method
CN112077309A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-15 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Titanium alloy compressor rotor blade tip repairing method and repairing tool
CN213593648U (en) * 2020-09-29 2021-07-02 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 A auxiliary structure that is used for 3D to print a deformation of preapring for an unfavorable turn of events

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