CN110076576B - Machining method of engine cylinder block - Google Patents

Machining method of engine cylinder block Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110076576B
CN110076576B CN201910267414.3A CN201910267414A CN110076576B CN 110076576 B CN110076576 B CN 110076576B CN 201910267414 A CN201910267414 A CN 201910267414A CN 110076576 B CN110076576 B CN 110076576B
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cylinder
clamping
cylinder head
processing
hole
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201910267414.3A
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CN110076576A (en
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于桂超
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/02Machine tools for performing different machining operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations

Abstract

A processing method of an engine cylinder block comprises the steps of firstly, casting the cylinder block, wherein the cylinder block comprises a cylinder head surface, two clamping surfaces, a tile seat bottom surface and side surfaces, a first clamping part is reserved on the clamping surfaces, and a second clamping part is reserved on one side surface; a second step of horizontally clamping the cylinder body through the first clamping part and the second clamping part; step three, processing a cylinder head surface and a tile seat bottom surface of the cylinder body, and processing a third clamping part on the tile seat bottom surface; a fourth step of vertically clamping the cylinder block by using the third clamping part and the cylinder head surface, and boring a cylinder hole; fifthly, machining a crankshaft hole and machining a tile seat by taking the cylinder head surface, the cylinder hole and the bottom surface of the tile seat as references; a sixth step of processing the two clamping surfaces and the side surfaces; and the seventh step is to semi-finish grind and finish grind the cylinder head surface by taking the crankshaft hole and the bottom surface of the shoe seat as references. The invention reduces the superposition of form and position tolerance and improves the performance of the assembled engine.

Description

Machining method of engine cylinder block
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engine manufacturing, in particular to a machining method of an engine cylinder block.
Background
The cylinder block is an important part of the engine and is the basis for mounting all parts of the engine. The engine is connected with a crank link mechanism, a valve actuating mechanism, an oil supply mechanism, a lubrication mechanism, a cooling mechanism and the like of the engine into a whole through a cylinder body.
The quality of cylinder block processing can affect the performance of the engine. When the processing technology is insufficient, the engine shakes during operation, oil is burned, and cylinder sticking is caused, so that the power of the engine is greatly reduced, and the engine is stopped. The cylinder block is a typical box part, the machining of each surface generally adopts a milling machining mode, and the machining of a hole system generally adopts machining modes such as drilling, expanding, reaming, boring, cutting, tapping and the like.
The machining of the cylinder requires firstly the stability of the workpiece during machining, and also the machining precision of the cylinder, and furthermore the selection of the reference plane is required in order to reduce form and position tolerances between the components.
Patent document CN106500576A discloses a method for optimizing the clamping manner of an engine cylinder body and a cylinder cover, which solves the problem that the clamping deformation of a clamp is large in the high-speed precision machining process of the cylinder body and the cylinder cover of a gasoline engine. Firstly, a set of manual clamp is designed according to the shape and structure of a cylinder body and a cylinder cover of the gasoline engine. Secondly, different clamping modes are designed according to the number of clamping points on the cylinder body and the cylinder cover, finally, the high-speed milling experiment is carried out on the cylinder body and the cylinder cover in different clamping modes, and the optimal clamping mode is obtained by measuring and comparing the flatness of the top surface of the cylinder body and the bottom surface of the cylinder cover.
In the prior art, a cylinder body blank is cast firstly, clamping points are selected, and clamping is carried out by a method of evaluating the clamping points, so that the existing uncertain factors are too many, and the batch processing of workpieces is not facilitated. In addition, the existing benchmark selection adopts the method that after a cylinder body is roughly milled, a cylinder hole is machined by taking the bottom of the cylinder body as a benchmark, and a crankshaft hole is machined by taking the bottom of the crankshaft hole as a benchmark, namely, geometric tolerance superposition exists between the bottom of the cylinder body and the cylinder hole, between the bottom of the cylinder body and the crankshaft hole, and between the bottom of the cylinder body and the cylinder head surface, so that larger errors are caused, assembly of subsequent processes on an engine is not facilitated, and the performance of the engine is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the difference between the cylinders caused by the randomness of the selection of the clamping points; the problem of stability of cylinder body clamping in the cylinder body machining process is solved; the problem of form and position tolerance stack in the cylinder body course of working is solved.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for processing an engine block, including, in a first step S1, casting a block, where the block includes a block head surface 1, two clamping surfaces 2, a shoe bottom surface 3, and a side surface 4, a first clamping portion 21 is reserved on the clamping surface 2, and a second clamping portion 41 is reserved on one side surface 4; a second step S2, placing the cylinder horizontally, making the side surface 4 where the second clamping part 41 is located close to the processing table surface, and horizontally clamping the cylinder through the first clamping part 21 and the second clamping part 41; a third step S3 of processing a cylinder head surface 1 and a shoe seat bottom surface 3 of the cylinder block, and processing a third clamping portion on the shoe seat bottom surface 3; a fourth step S4 of vertically clamping the cylinder block with the third clamping section and the cylinder head face 1, with the cylinder head face 1 facing upward, and boring a cylinder hole; a fifth step S5 of vertically clamping the cylinder block with the processed cylinder bore and the cylinder head face 1, with the cylinder head face 1 facing downward, processing a crankshaft hole in the cylinder block, and processing a shoe surface; a sixth step S6 of processing the two clamping surfaces 2 and the side surface 4; a seventh step S7 of semi-refining and refining the cylinder head face 1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the third step S3, the shoe bottom surface 3 is machined with reference to the cylinder head surface 1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the fifth step S5, a crankshaft hole is machined and a shoe surface is machined with reference to the cylinder head surface 1 and the cylinder hole and shoe bottom surface 3;
according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the seventh step S7, the cylinder head face 1 is semi-finished and finished with the crank hole and the shoe bottom face 3 as a reference.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the machining comprises continuously performing rough milling and semi-finish milling, wherein during the machining of the cylinder body, the thickness of the rough milling is more than 3mm, and the thickness of the semi-finish milling is less than 0.5 mm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first clamping portion 21 comprises at least two concave holes with different shapes, and the shapes of the concave holes are selected from round holes, square holes, rhombic holes and triangular holes.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second clamping part 41 comprises at least one protrusion, the shape of which is selected from the group consisting of a cylinder and a diamond.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the top end of the second clamping portion 41 is flush with the height of the lower edge of the crank shoe.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the third clamping part is at least one set of pin holes having a bottom surface arranged along a diagonal line.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cylinder head face 1 is semi-refined and refined to form cross reticulation on the grinding face, the cross reticulation angle is 60/120 degrees, and the form and position tolerance of the cylinder head face 1 is less than plus or minus 0.02 degree
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cylinder head face 1 is semi-refined and refined, so that the grinding face forms cross reticulation, the cross reticulation angle ranges from 60/120 degrees, and the form and position tolerance of the cylinder head face 1 is less than plus or minus 0.01.
According to the invention, clamping points are reserved in the casting process, so that the clamping positions of the cylinder bodies in each batch are consistent, and the processing consistency of the cylinder bodies is ensured; the reserved first clamping part is matched with the reserved second clamping part, so that clamping is more stable, the first clamping part is adopted for floating clamping, and the second clamping part is fixedly positioned, so that the problem of deformation in the cylinder body machining process is reduced; the crankshaft hole is processed by taking the cylinder head face as a reference, and then the cylinder head face is ground by taking the crankshaft hole as a reference, so that the superposition of form and position tolerances is reduced, the positions of the cylinder head face, the cylinder barrel and the crankshaft hole are accurately corresponding, and the performance of an assembled engine is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the steps of a method of machining an engine block.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a cylinder.
Detailed Description
In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration, specific features of the invention, such that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood and appreciated. The following description is an embodiment of the claimed invention, and other embodiments related to the claims not specifically described also fall within the scope of the claims.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the steps of a method of machining an engine block.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for processing an engine block includes a first step S1 of casting a block, where the block includes a block head surface 1, two clamping surfaces 2, a shoe bottom surface 3, and a side surface 4, where a first clamping portion 21 is reserved on the clamping surface 2, and a second clamping portion 41 is reserved on one side surface 4; a second step S2, placing the cylinder horizontally, making the side surface 4 where the second clamping part 41 is located close to the processing table surface, and horizontally clamping the cylinder through the first clamping part 21 and the second clamping part 41; a third step S3 of processing a cylinder head surface 1 and a shoe seat bottom surface 3 of the cylinder block, and processing a third clamping portion on the shoe seat bottom surface 3; a fourth step S4 of vertically clamping the cylinder block with the third clamping section and the cylinder head face 1, with the cylinder head face 1 facing upward, and boring a cylinder hole; a fifth step S5 of vertically clamping the cylinder block with the machined cylinder bore and the cylinder head face 1, with the cylinder head face 1 facing downward, machining a crank bore in the cylinder block, and machining a shoe surface; a sixth step S6 of processing the two clamping surfaces 2 and the side surface 4; a seventh step S7 of semi-refining and refining the cylinder head face 1.
When the cylinder body is cast, the first clamping parts 21 are reserved at two ends of the water jacket sand core, the second clamping parts 41 are reserved on one side surface 4, and the cast cylinder body blank comprises the clamping surfaces 2 at two ends along the arrangement direction of the cylinder barrel and two side surfaces 4, wherein one side surface 4 comprises the second clamping parts 41.
After the cylinder has been cast, before machining it is ensured that the first positioning position is minimally deformed and does not allow sticking, i.e. that the integrity and cleanliness of the first clamping part 21 is ensured.
The invention adopts a mode of twice processing, the cylinder body is horizontally clamped during one-time processing, the cylinder head surface 1 and the tile seat bottom surface 3 are processed at the moment, and the positioning hole for twice clamping is processed on the tile seat bottom surface 3; and during secondary processing, vertically clamping the cylinder body, firstly, arranging the cylinder head face 1 upwards on a processing platform, vertically clamping the cylinder body by using the cylinder head face and the third clamping part, applying certain pressure to the cylinder head face by using a clamping tool, exposing the cylinder hole, and facilitating the boring operation of the processing tool. And after the boring pin of the cylinder hole is finished, inverting the cylinder body, enabling the cylinder head surface 1 to face downwards, placing the cylinder head surface on a processing platform, arranging a fixed column on the processing platform corresponding to the cylinder body, matching the fixed column with the cylinder hole, attaching the cylinder head surface to the processing platform, and vertically clamping the cylinder body again. And (3) enabling the cylinder head surface of the cylinder body to face downwards and the tile seat to face upwards, then processing a crankshaft hole at the corresponding position of the cylinder body, and processing the surface of the tile seat. After the crankshaft hole and the surface of the shoe seat are processed, the cylinder head surface 1 is semi-refined and refined by taking the crankshaft hole and the bottom surface 3 of the shoe seat as a reference.
The cylinder body is processed by adopting continuous rough milling and finish milling, so that the cylinder body is guaranteed to be processed with higher processing precision.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a cylinder.
As shown in fig. 2, when the cylinder is machined, the cylinder is clamped by directly using the first clamping portion 21 and the second clamping portion 41, and there is no need to search for other clamping points. The cylinder is fixed by the first clamping portion 21 and is set in a horizontal state by the second clamping portion 41. Because the thickness of the cylinder head and the tile seat part of the cylinder body is different, the cylinder body is required to be placed in a horizontal state when the cylinder body is processed, the second clamping part 41 is adopted in the invention, one end of the tile seat 4, close to a processing table surface, is contacted with a processing platform, one end of the cylinder head surface 1 is contacted with a clamping tool, namely, one side close to the cylinder head surface 1 is subjected to floating clamping, and the suspended part of the side surface 4 is fixedly positioned by utilizing the second clamping part 41, so that the cylinder body is in the horizontal state, further the clamping of the cylinder body is firm, the cylinder body is prevented from being fixed only by relying on the first clamping part 21, and the cylinder body is deformed by applying larger pressure in order to keep the fixed state of the cylinder body.
The floating clamping and the fixed positioning are adopted, the positioning is accurate, and the influence of other external factors is reduced in the clamping and the positioning.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the third step S3, the shoe bottom surface 3 is machined with reference to the cylinder head surface 1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the fifth step S5, a crankshaft hole is machined and a shoe surface is machined with reference to the cylinder head surface 1 and the cylinder hole and shoe bottom surface 3;
in the process of processing the cylinder block, the corresponding degree of the positions of the cylinder head surface 1 and the crankshaft hole and the verticality of the center line of the cylinder hole and the center line of the crankshaft directly influence the performance of the engine, and are very important influencing factors for the jitter problem of the engine. In the prior art, cylinder holes and crankshaft holes are machined by using the bottom of a cylinder body as a reference after rough milling is adopted for machining the cylinder body, and then a cylinder head surface 1 is machined by using the bottom as a reference, so that the generated error is large, and 5 times of tolerance is formed in total.
According to the invention, the cylinder head face 1, the cylinder hole and the tile seat bottom face 3 are taken as references, the crankshaft hole is firstly processed, then the cylinder head face 1 is semi-finely ground and finely ground by taking the crankshaft hole as a reference, and a tolerance is formed for 2.5 times in total, so that the perpendicularity of the cylinder hole center line and the crankshaft center line can be ensured, and the cylinder hole center line is perpendicular to the cylinder head face, so that the assembled engine can shake slightly, and the integral performance of the engine is also a basic guarantee.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the machining comprises a continuous rough milling and a semi-finish milling.
According to one embodiment of the invention, when rough milling is performed, the rough milling thickness is greater than 3mm, and the semi-finish milling thickness is less than 0.5 mm.
In order to ensure the processing precision of the cylinder body, the invention adopts a method of firstly rough milling and then finish milling, and can adopt the combination of multiple rough milling and multiple finish milling for processing. For example, the rough milling thickness is more than 3mm, the thickness is 0.5mm during the finish milling, and then 0.2mm is adopted, and the precision is gradually increased.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first clamping portion 21 comprises at least two concave holes with different shapes, and the shapes of the concave holes are selected from round holes, square holes, rhombic holes and triangular holes.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second clamping part 41 comprises at least one protrusion, the shape of which is selected from the group consisting of a cylinder and a diamond.
When the first clamping portion 21 adopts two clamping holes, the two clamping holes are in different shapes, so that the degree of fit with a clamping tool is higher during clamping, and the clamping strength is enhanced, so that the cylinder body is not easy to displace during processing, and the processing precision is ensured. Similarly, the second clamping portion 41 may have a different shape to facilitate better engagement with a clamping tool.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the top end of the second clamping portion 41 is flush with the height of the lower edge of the crankshaft shoe.
The top end of the second clamping part 41 is flush with the lower edge of the crankshaft shoe seat in height, so that the cylinder body is in a horizontal state when being clamped for the first time, the force borne by the first clamping part 21 is reduced, and the influence on the machining precision caused by large deformation due to large pressure during machining of the cylinder body is avoided.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the third clamping part is at least one set of pin holes having a bottom surface arranged along a diagonal line.
The third clamping part is a positioning hole for subsequently processing the two clamping surfaces 2 and the side surface 4. The invention adopts the method of diagonal arrangement, so that the clamping of the cylinder body is firmer when the cylinder body is subsequently processed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cylinder head face 1 is semi-refined and refined to form cross reticulation on the grinding face, the cross reticulation angle is 60/120 degrees, and the form and position tolerance of the cylinder head face 1 is less than plus or minus 0.02 degree
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cylinder head face 1 is semi-refined and refined, so that the grinding face forms cross reticulation, the cross reticulation angle ranges from 60/120 degrees, and the form and position tolerance of the cylinder head face 1 is less than plus or minus 0.01.
When the processed crankshaft hole is taken as a reference, semi-fine grinding and fine grinding treatment are carried out on the cylinder head surface 1, the aim is to ensure that the cylinder head surface 1 is parallel to the crankshaft central line and is vertical to the cylinder hole central line, the adopted mode is plane grinding, a grinding wheel carries out horizontal circular motion on a horizontal plane, and a workbench moves horizontally and linearly. The grinding wheel can rotate at high speed during semi-fine grinding so as to obtain the working efficiency. During fine grinding, the grinding wheel rotates at a low speed, the movement speed of the workbench is adjusted, so that cross reticulate patterns are formed on the grinding surface, the cross reticulate pattern angle is about 60/120 degrees, and meanwhile, the form and position tolerance of the cylinder head surface 1 is ensured to be within plus or minus 0.02, preferably within plus or minus 0.01. By adopting the processing method, the processing precision of the cylinder body can be improved, and even the precision requirement of eliminating the cylinder gasket can be met.
According to the invention, clamping points are reserved in the casting process, so that the clamping positions of the cylinder bodies in each batch are consistent, and the processing consistency of the cylinder bodies is ensured; the reserved first clamping part is matched with the reserved second clamping part, so that clamping is more stable, the first clamping part is adopted for floating clamping, and the second clamping part is fixedly positioned, so that the problem of deformation in the cylinder body machining process is reduced; the crankshaft hole is processed by taking the cylinder head face as a reference, and then the cylinder head face is ground by taking the crankshaft hole as a reference, so that the superposition of form and position tolerances is reduced, the positions of the cylinder head face, the cylinder barrel and the crankshaft hole are accurately corresponding, and the performance of an assembled engine is improved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.

Claims (8)

1. A processing method of an engine cylinder block comprises the following steps,
a first step (S1) of casting a cylinder body, wherein the cylinder body comprises a cylinder head surface (1), two clamping surfaces (2), a tile seat bottom surface (3) and a side surface (4), a first clamping part (21) is reserved on the clamping surfaces (2), and a second clamping part (41) is reserved on one side surface (4);
a second step (S2) of horizontally clamping the cylinder by the first clamping section (21) and the second clamping section (41);
a third step (S3) of processing a cylinder head surface (1) of the cylinder body, processing a shoe base bottom surface (3) with the cylinder head surface (1) as a reference, and processing a third clamping part on the shoe base bottom surface (3);
a fourth step (S4) of vertically clamping the cylinder block by the third clamping section and a cylinder head surface (1), and boring a cylinder hole with the cylinder head surface (1) facing upward;
a fifth step (S5) of vertically clamping the cylinder block by using the processed cylinder hole and cylinder head surface (1), making the cylinder head surface (1) face downwards, processing a crankshaft hole on the cylinder block and processing the surface of a tile seat by taking the cylinder head surface (1), the cylinder hole and the bottom surface (3) of the tile seat as a reference;
a sixth step (S6) of machining the two clamping surfaces (2) and the side surface (4);
a seventh step (S7) of semi-refining and refining the cylinder head face (1).
2. The method according to claim 1, in the seventh step (S7),
and semi-finish grinding and finish grinding are carried out on the cylinder head surface (1) by taking the crankshaft hole and the bottom surface (3) of the shoe seat as references.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the machining comprises continuously performing rough milling and semi-finish milling, and the rough milling thickness is greater than 3mm and the semi-finish milling thickness is less than 0.5mm during the machining of the cylinder block.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first clamping part (21) comprises at least two recesses of different shapes, the shapes of the recesses being selected from the group consisting of round, square, diamond, and triangular.
5. The method according to claim 1, said second clamping portion (41) comprising at least one protrusion, said protrusion having a shape selected from the group consisting of a cylinder, a rhombus.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the top end of the second clamping portion (41) is flush with the height of the lower edge of the crank shoe.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the third clamping portion is at least one set of pin holes having a bottom surface disposed diagonally.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder head face (1) is semi-finished and finished such that the grinding surface is cross-hatched, the cross-hatching angle being in the range of 60-120 degrees, and the form and position tolerance of the cylinder head face (1) is less than plus or minus 0.02.
CN201910267414.3A 2019-04-03 2019-04-03 Machining method of engine cylinder block Expired - Fee Related CN110076576B (en)

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CN110076576B true CN110076576B (en) 2020-07-10

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3445904A (en) * 1966-10-06 1969-05-27 North American Rockwell Apparatus for making forgings
GB2193668B (en) * 1986-08-11 1990-07-25 Phillips J D Corp Method and apparatus for finishing workpieces
CN107598593A (en) * 2016-07-11 2018-01-19 北京汽车动力总成有限公司 A kind of processing method of engine
CN108637599A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-12 安徽瑞林精科股份有限公司 A kind of efficient automobile cylinder cap processing technology
CN109014788A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of cylinder body processing method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3445904A (en) * 1966-10-06 1969-05-27 North American Rockwell Apparatus for making forgings
GB2193668B (en) * 1986-08-11 1990-07-25 Phillips J D Corp Method and apparatus for finishing workpieces
CN107598593A (en) * 2016-07-11 2018-01-19 北京汽车动力总成有限公司 A kind of processing method of engine
CN108637599A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-12 安徽瑞林精科股份有限公司 A kind of efficient automobile cylinder cap processing technology
CN109014788A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of cylinder body processing method

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