CN113764681B - Self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure - Google Patents
Self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113764681B CN113764681B CN202110983912.5A CN202110983912A CN113764681B CN 113764681 B CN113764681 B CN 113764681B CN 202110983912 A CN202110983912 A CN 202110983912A CN 113764681 B CN113764681 B CN 113764681B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure, which comprises a substrate, wherein a plurality of micro channels which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the substrate; the substrate is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the front ends of the parallel micro-channels are provided with a fluid inlet channel, the rear ends of the parallel micro-channels are provided with a fluid outlet channel, and the included angles between the fluid inlet direction and the fluid outlet direction and the front ends and the rear ends of the micro-channels are 3-7 degrees respectively; a flexible metal sheet is arranged in the micro-channel; the flexible metal sheet can generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural deformation when being acted by fluid passing through the micro-channel. The self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure can generate corresponding functional deformation according to actual working conditions, the space convection effect of the flow field is enhanced to the maximum extent, the uniform distribution of reactants at reaction sites is ensured, the accumulation of reaction products is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the local turbulence intensity of the flow field is enhanced by utilizing the regulation and control function of the polar plate structure, the thickness of a thermal boundary layer of the flow field is reduced, and therefore the heat dissipation efficiency is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells employ ion-conducting polymeric membranes as the electrolyte, and are therefore also called polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC), homogeneous polymer fuel cells (SPFC) or Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (SPEFC). The energy conversion device has the advantages of high output density, no pollution, high energy conversion efficiency and the like, is not limited by Carnot cycle, and is widely applied to the fields of automobile energy, fixed base stations, portable mobile equipment and the like.
The bipolar plate is one of the core components of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, occupies a large part of the mass of the battery pack, and plays roles in uniformly distributing reaction gas, conducting current and the like. To meet these functional requirements, an ideal bipolar plate should have high thermal/electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, low density, good mechanical properties, low cost, and easy processing. The plate structure can supply reaction gas to corresponding reaction sites and remove reaction products and heat, and has double functions of mass transfer and heat transfer. The polar plate structure with good performance has the following characteristics: (1) Good mass transfer performance (reaction gas is uniformly transferred and distributed); (2) high water transport (draining of water from the ponding region); and (3) high heat transfer efficiency (the temperature distribution tends to be uniform). In order to ensure high-performance output of the battery under variable working conditions, the design of the self-adaptive flow field regulation type fuel battery polar plate structure has important significance.
At present, the traditional three-dimensional flow field has single airflow guide, and the phenomena of uneven reactant distribution at reaction sites and poor water heat management capability often exist, so that the output performance of a fuel cell is unbalanced, and even the system is broken down. The invention provides a self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure. Compared with the traditional fuel cell polar plate structure, the self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure effectively enhances the convection effect of the flow field space, obviously improves the mass transfer and heat transfer performance of the bipolar plate, and enhances the water heat management capability of the flow field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the traditional polar plate structure, provides a self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure, enhances the convection effect of a flow field space by utilizing the regulation and control function of the polar plate structure, and solves the problem of poor mass transfer and heat transfer performance of a battery under variable working conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure comprises a substrate, wherein a plurality of micro channels which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the substrate; the substrate is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the front ends of the parallel micro-channels are provided with a fluid inlet channel, the rear ends of the parallel micro-channels are provided with a fluid outlet channel, and the included angles between the fluid inlet direction and the fluid outlet direction and the front ends and the rear ends of the micro-channels are 3-7 degrees respectively; a flexible metal sheet is arranged in the micro-channel; the flexible metal sheet can generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural deformation when being acted by fluid passing through the micro-channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rectangular groove is formed on the substrate, the plurality of micro channels arranged in parallel are located in the rectangular groove, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are respectively located at two top points of the rectangular groove along a diagonal direction; the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are respectively positioned on two long sides of the rectangular groove, and the fluid inlet channel and the fluid outlet channel are respectively positioned on two sides of the groove; the fluid inlet channel is gradually narrowed along the inflow direction of the fluid, and the fluid outlet channel is gradually widened along the outflow direction of the fluid; the inlets of the plurality of microchannels are communicated with the fluid inlet channel, and the outlets of the plurality of microchannels are communicated with the fluid outlet channel.
The reaction gas firstly flows in from the fluid inlet and then uniformly flows into the micro-channel, the flexible metal sheet in the fuel cell plate structure generates corresponding functional deformation according to the actual working condition of the flow field, the flowing angle of the reaction gas is changed, the secondary flow phenomenon is formed in the flow field, the transportation performance of the flow field to the reaction gas is enhanced, and the heat dissipation effect is enhanced.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the micro flow channels is 15 to 25; the lengths, shapes and cross-sectional sizes of the plurality of parallel micro channels are the same.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width-to-depth ratio of the micro flow channel is 1.0-1.2.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the micro flow channels are arranged in parallel at a pitch of 0.5 to 1.0mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the two ends of the flexible metal sheet and the two ends of the micro channel is 0.05-0.2 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the flexible metal sheet is 0.01-0.1 mm, and the width thereof is 0.6-0.9 mm; the flexible metal sheet is in sine wave shape, the wavelength is 2.0-4.0 mm, and the wave crest is 0.3-0.6 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an included angle between the flexible metal sheet and the substrate decreases with an increase in fluid velocity, thereby achieving a flow field regulation effect.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the reaction gas flows into the microchannel from the vertical inlet, the flexible metal sheet undergoes adaptive two-dimensional structural deformation, so that the reaction gas is supplied to the corresponding reaction sites, and the reaction product and heat are removed; when the flexible metal sheet is deformed by a two-dimensional structure, the change of the flow angle of gas is as follows:
β＝2α 1
in the formula, alpha 1 The included angle between the tangent line of the action point of the gas on the flexible metal sheet and the substrate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the reaction gas flows into the microchannel from the non-vertical inlet, the flexible metal sheet undergoes adaptive three-dimensional structural deformation; performing kinetic analysis on the reaction gas, drawing a straight line perpendicular to the gas flow on the flexible metal sheet, intersecting the straight line and two ends of the flexible metal sheet at two points A, B, and when the flexible metal sheet is deformed in a three-dimensional structure, the velocity angle change of the reaction gas meets the following equation:
β＝2(θ 1 +(θ 2 -θ 1 )·x·cosθ 3 /L)
in the formula, theta 1 And theta 2 The included angles between two tangent lines A, B and the substrate are respectively; theta.theta. 3 Is the included angle between the airflow direction and the vertical line of the inlet; x is the distance between the gas action point and the point A; l is the width of the flexible metal sheet.
All ranges recited herein include all point values within the range.
As used herein, "about" or "about" and the like refer to a range or value within plus or minus 20 percent of the stated range or value.
In the present invention, the "room temperature", i.e., the normal ambient temperature, may be 10 to 30 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell pole plate structure can generate corresponding functional deformation according to actual working conditions, thereby enhancing the space convection effect of the flow field to the maximum extent, ensuring the uniform distribution of reactants at reaction sites and effectively reducing the accumulation of reaction products.
(2) The invention utilizes the regulation function of the self-adaptive flow field regulation type fuel cell polar plate structure, enhances the local turbulence intensity of the flow field, reduces the thickness of the thermal boundary layer of the flow field, and thus obviously improves the heat dissipation efficiency.
(3) The invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure and low cost.
Except for specific description, the equipment, reagents, processes, parameters and the like related to the invention are conventional equipment, reagents, processes, parameters and the like, and are not implemented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plate structure of an adaptive flow field modulated fuel cell in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
in the figure:
1: substrate
2: micro flow channel
3: flexible metal sheet
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a local explosion of a plate structure of an adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure:
1: substrate
2: micro flow channel
3: flexible metal sheet
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the adaptive two-dimensional deformation of a flexible metal sheet according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of analysis of the flow angle change when the flexible metal sheet is deformed in two dimensions according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a flexible metal sheet adapted for three-dimensional deformation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simplified analysis of the change in flow angle when the flexible metal sheet is deformed in three dimensions in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure comprises a substrate 1, wherein a plurality of micro-channels 2 which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the substrate 1; the substrate 1 is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the front ends of the parallel micro-channels 2 are provided with a fluid inlet channel, the rear ends of the parallel micro-channels 2 are provided with a fluid outlet channel, and the included angles between the fluid inlet direction and the fluid outlet direction and the front ends and the rear ends of the micro-channels 2 are 3-7 degrees respectively; a flexible metal sheet 3 is arranged in the micro-channel 2; the flexible metal sheet 3 can generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural deformation when being acted by fluid passing through the micro-channel 2.
The substrate 1 is provided with a rectangular groove, the plurality of micro channels 2 which are arranged in parallel are positioned in the rectangular groove, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are respectively positioned at two vertex positions on the rectangular groove along the diagonal direction; the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are respectively positioned on two long sides of the rectangular groove, and the fluid inlet channel and the fluid outlet channel are respectively positioned on two sides of the groove; the fluid inlet channel is gradually narrowed along the inflow direction of the fluid, and the fluid outlet channel is gradually widened along the outflow direction of the fluid; the inlets of the microchannels 2 are communicated with the fluid inlet channel, and the outlets of the microchannels 2 are communicated with the fluid outlet channel.
The reaction gas firstly flows in from the fluid inlet and then flows into the micro-channel 2 uniformly, the flexible metal sheet 3 in the fuel cell polar plate structure generates corresponding functional deformation according to the actual working condition of the flow field, the flow angle of the reaction gas is changed, the flow field forms a secondary flow phenomenon, the transportation performance of the flow field to the reaction gas is enhanced, and the heat dissipation effect is enhanced.
The self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell polar plate structure comprises micro channels 2, the number of the micro channels 2 is 15-25, the lengths, the shapes and the cross-sectional dimensions of the micro channels 2 are the same, the width-depth ratio of the micro channels 2 is 1.0-1.2, and the distance between the micro channels 2 which are arranged in parallel is 0.5-1.0 mm; the distance between the two ends of the flexible metal sheet 3 and the two corresponding ends of the micro-channel 2 is 0.05-0.2 mm, the thickness of the flexible metal sheet 3 is 0.01-0.1 mm, and the width of the flexible metal sheet is 0.6-0.9 mm; the initial shape of the flexible metal sheet 3 is sine wave shape, the wavelength is 2.0-4.0 mm, and the wave crest is 0.3-0.6 mm; the included angle between the flexible metal sheet 3 and the substrate 1 is reduced along with the increase of the fluid speed, and the flow field regulation and control effect is achieved.
When the reaction gas flows into the micro-channel 2 from the vertical inlet, the flexible metal sheet 3 generates adaptive two-dimensional structural deformation, so that the reaction gas is supplied to corresponding reaction sites, and reaction products and heat are removed; when the flexible metal sheet 3 is deformed in a two-dimensional structure, the flow angle change of the gas is as follows:
β＝2α 1
in the formula, alpha 1 The included angle between the tangent line of the action point of the gas on the flexible metal sheet and the substrate.
When the reaction gas flows into the micro-channel 2 from the non-vertical inlet, the flexible metal sheet 3 generates adaptive three-dimensional structural deformation; performing kinetic analysis on the reaction gas, drawing a straight line perpendicular to the gas flow on the flexible metal sheet 3, wherein the straight line intersects with two ends of the flexible metal sheet 3 at A, B, and when the flexible metal sheet 3 is deformed in a three-dimensional structure, the velocity angle change of the reaction gas satisfies the following equation:
β＝2(θ 1 +(θ 2 -θ 1 )·x·cosθ 3 /L)
in the formula [ theta ] 1 And theta 2 The included angles between two tangent lines A, B and the substrate are respectively; theta 3 Is the included angle between the airflow direction and the vertical line of the inlet; x is the distance between the gas action point and the point A; l is the width of the flexible metal sheet.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following will describe the contents of the present invention in more detail by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
A self-adaptive flow field regulation fuel cell polar plate structure, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment uses a titanium alloy substrate, on the titanium alloy substrate 1, 20 micro channels 2 are arranged in parallel, and the length, shape and cross-sectional size of the micro channels 2 are the same; the titanium alloy substrate 1 is also provided with an oxygen inlet and an oxygen outlet, the front end of the parallel micro-channels 2 is provided with an oxygen inlet channel, the rear end of the parallel micro-channels 2 is provided with an oxygen outlet channel, and the included angles between the oxygen inlet direction and the oxygen outlet direction and the front end and the rear end of the micro-channels 2 are respectively 5 degrees; the micro-channel 2 is internally provided with a flexible metal copper sheet 3, the flexible metal copper sheet 3 is fixed on the bottom surface of the micro-channel 2, and the flexible metal copper sheet 3 can generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural deformation when being acted by oxygen gas passing through the micro-channel 2.
The titanium alloy substrate 1 in the embodiment is also provided with a rectangular groove, 20 micro channels 2 which are arranged in parallel are positioned in the rectangular groove, an oxygen inlet and an oxygen outlet are respectively positioned at two top points of the rectangular groove along the diagonal direction and are respectively positioned at two long edges of the rectangular groove, and an oxygen inlet channel and an oxygen outlet channel are respectively positioned at two sides of the groove; the oxygen inlet channel gradually narrows along the inflow direction of the oxygen gas, and the oxygen outlet channel gradually widens along the outflow direction of the oxygen gas; the inlets of the 20 micro-channels 2 are communicated with the oxygen inlet channel, and the outlets of the 20 micro-channels 2 are communicated with the oxygen outlet channel.
The thickness of the titanium alloy substrate in the embodiment is 6.0mm; 20 micro channels with equal length are arranged on the titanium alloy substrate, the width-depth ratio of the micro channels is 1.2, and the distance between the micro channels which are arranged in parallel is 0.75mm. The distance between the two ends of the flexible metal copper sheet and the two ends of the corresponding micro-channel is 0.1mm, the thickness of the flexible metal copper sheet is 0.055mm, the initial shape of the flexible metal copper sheet is sine wave-shaped, the wavelength is 3mm, and the wave crest is 0.6mm.
Referring to fig. 3, when the reactant gas oxygen flows into the microchannel 2 through the vertical inlet, the flexible metal copper sheet 3 undergoes adaptive two-dimensional structural deformation, so that the reactant gas oxygen is supplied to the corresponding reaction sites, and the reaction product H is removed 2 O and heat.
Referring to fig. 4, when the flexible metal copper sheet 3 is deformed in a two-dimensional structure, the change of the flow angle of oxygen is:
β＝2α 1
in the formula, alpha 1 Is the included angle between the tangent line of the action point of oxygen on the flexible metal copper sheet and the titanium alloy substrate.
In this example α 1 =45 °, and the flow angle change amount β =90 ° of oxygen.
Referring to fig. 5, when the reactant gas oxygen flows into the microchannel 2 through the non-perpendicular inlet, the flexible metal copper sheet 3 undergoes adaptive three-dimensional structural deformation.
Referring to fig. 6, the kinetic analysis is performed on the reaction gas oxygen, a straight line perpendicular to the oxygen flow is made on the flexible metal copper sheet 3, the straight line intersects with two ends of the flexible metal copper sheet 3 at A, B, and when the flexible metal copper sheet 3 deforms in a three-dimensional structure, the change of the velocity angle of the reaction gas oxygen satisfies the following equation:
β＝2(θ 1 +(θ 2 -θ 1 )·x·cosθ 3 /L)
in the formula, theta 1 And theta 2 The included angles between tangent lines at two points A, B and the titanium alloy substrate are respectively formed; theta.theta. 3 Is the included angle between the oxygen flow direction and the inlet vertical line; x is the distance between the oxygen gas action point and the point A; l is the width of the flexible metal copper sheet.
Example θ 1 ＝30°、θ 2 ＝45°、θ 3 =45 °, x =0.45mm, L =0.9mm, resulting in β =70.6 °.
The self-adaptive flow field regulation and control type fuel cell pole plate structure can generate corresponding functional deformation according to actual working conditions, thereby enhancing the space convection effect of the flow field to the maximum extent, ensuring the uniform distribution of reactants at reaction sites and effectively reducing the accumulation of reaction products. Meanwhile, the local turbulence intensity of the flow field can be enhanced by the regulation and control function of the polar plate structure, the wall surface of the bipolar plate flow channel is thinned due to the enhancement of the turbulence intensity, the heat transfer quantity to the wall surface is increased, and therefore the heat dissipation efficiency is obviously improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a self-adaptation flow field regulation and control formula fuel cell polar plate structure, includes the base plate, its characterized in that: the substrate is provided with a plurality of micro channels which are arranged in parallel; the substrate is provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the front ends of the plurality of parallel micro channels are provided with a fluid inlet channel, the rear ends of the plurality of parallel micro channels are provided with a fluid outlet channel, and the included angles between the fluid inlet direction and the fluid outlet direction and the front ends and the rear ends of the micro channels are 3-7 degrees respectively; the substrate is provided with a rectangular groove, the plurality of micro channels which are arranged in parallel are positioned in the rectangular groove, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are respectively positioned at two vertexes of the rectangular groove along the diagonal direction; the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet are respectively positioned on two long sides of the rectangular groove, and the fluid inlet channel and the fluid outlet channel are respectively positioned on two sides of the groove; the fluid inlet channel is gradually narrowed along the inflow direction of the fluid, and the fluid outlet channel is gradually widened along the outflow direction of the fluid; the inlets of the micro channels are communicated with the fluid inlet channel, and the outlets of the micro channels are communicated with the fluid outlet channel;
a flexible metal sheet is arranged in the micro-channel; the flexible metal sheet can generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural deformation when being acted by fluid passing through the micro-channel; the flexible metal sheet generates corresponding functional deformation according to the actual working condition of the flow field, changes the flow angle of the reaction gas, enables the flow field to form a secondary flow phenomenon, enhances the transportation performance of the flow field to the reaction gas, and simultaneously enhances the heat dissipation effect.
2. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: the number of the micro channels is 15-25; the length, shape and cross-sectional size of the plurality of parallel arranged micro-channels are the same.
3. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: the width-depth ratio of the micro-channel is 1.0-1.2.
4. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: the micro flow channels are arranged in parallel at a distance of 0.5-1.0 mm.
5. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the two ends of the flexible metal sheet and the edges of the two ends of the corresponding micro-channel is 0.05-0.2 mm.
6. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the flexible metal sheet is 0.01-0.1 mm, the width is 0.6-0.9 mm: the flexible metal sheet is in sine wave shape, the wavelength is 2.0-4.0 mm, and the wave crest is 0.3-0.6 mm.
7. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the flexible metal sheet and the substrate is reduced along with the increase of the fluid speed.
8. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: when the flexible metal sheet is deformed in two dimensions, the change amount of the flow angle of the reaction gas is beta =2 alpha 1 In the formula, wherein alpha 1 Is the included angle between the tangent line of the action point of the gas on the flexible metal sheet and the substrate.
9. The adaptive flow field regulated fuel cell plate structure of claim 1, wherein: when the flexible metal sheet is deformed in three dimensions, the change amount of the flow angle of the reaction gas is beta =2 (theta) 1 +(θ 2 -θ 1 )·x·cosθ 3 L), where θ 1 And theta 2 The included angles between two tangent lines A, B and the substrate are respectively; theta 3 Is the included angle between the airflow direction and the vertical line of the inlet; x is the distance between the gas action point and the point A; l is the width of the flexible metal sheet.
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