CN113759127B - Gmfb作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及胰岛素抵抗的治疗技术领域,尤其涉及一种细胞因子GMFB的用途,GMFB作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用。本发明实验发现,GMFB作为炎症因子,在高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗状态下表达高而正常情况不表达或表达量极低,说明GMFB在胰岛素抵抗状态下的脂肪组织中发挥作用,可能抑制脂肪组织的功能。GMFB基因敲除后的高脂饮食大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度较野生型高脂饮食大鼠明显降低,说明GMFB基因敲除可以改善高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗;GMFB基因敲除明显改善了SD大鼠的葡萄糖耐量;改善了胰岛素耐量;改善了脂肪细胞的功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胰岛素抵抗的治疗领域,尤其是涉及一种细胞因子GMFB的用途,GMFB作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用。
背景技术
随着社会的发展、生活水平的提高、生活方式的改变,膳食结构发生了明显变化,肥胖人数也急剧增加。伴随肥胖率的上升,II型糖尿病在全球范围内呈逐渐上升的趋势,目前已经成为继癌症和心血管疾病之后第三大威胁人类健康的慢性非传染性疾病。II型糖尿病患病率高、病程长,同时还常伴有严重的并发症,如糖尿病肾病、糖尿病心血管病变和视网膜病变等,这不仅严重影响患者的生活质量,还给患者家庭和社会带来严重的经济负担,因此糖尿病的预防和治疗已经成为目前急需解决的全球性公共卫生问题。
由肥胖诱发的胰岛素抵抗是II型糖尿病发生的主要原因。胰岛素抵抗是指胰岛素作用的靶组织(主要是肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪组织)对胰岛素的敏感性下降的一种状态。那么改善胰岛素抵抗、增加胰岛素的敏感性就显得尤为重要。目前临床上还缺乏针对胰岛素抵抗的行之有效的治疗手段,常用的胰岛素增敏剂噻唑烷二酮类(TZDs)能够增加机体脂肪酸代谢,促进葡萄糖利用,降低空腹血糖,但常伴有肥胖、头痛、水肿等不良反应。因此,研究肥胖诱发胰岛素抵抗的发病机制、针对发病机制靶点进行有效的药物研发对早期防治II型糖尿病的发生具有重要意义。
脂肪组织作为胰岛素作用的靶组织之一,其功能紊乱与胰岛素抵抗密切相关。胰岛素抵抗状态下的脂肪组织主要会出现以下几种病变:脂肪细胞体积变大,脂肪组织血流量异常和脂肪组织局部炎症。(一)在肥胖和糖尿病初期,通常会观察到脂肪细胞体积增大,脂肪细胞体积增大可能是由于分化障碍而导致的新脂肪细胞招募失败,增大的腹部皮下脂肪细胞和胰岛素抵抗是II型糖尿病发展的可预测因素。脂肪细胞大小与胰岛素抵抗之间的潜在联系可能是由于脂肪组织中脂肪酸的释放。(二)脂肪组织中的血流紊乱可能会影响脂肪组织的脂肪酸处理,从而有助于增加非脂肪组织的脂质供应,导致异位脂肪沉积。因此,调控脂肪组织中的血流可能有助于减少循环系统中的甘油三酯,改善胰岛素抵抗。(三)在脂肪组织中,巨噬细胞被认为是脂肪组织中最重要的非脂肪细胞,是脂肪组织产生炎症的主要原因。研究表明,巨噬细胞分泌的炎性因子能够损害脂肪细胞分化,并通过激活脂肪细胞内NF-κB通路诱导炎症反应,进而导致胰岛素抵抗。
GMFB(glia maturation factor beta)最早是从牛脑分离纯化的17KD酸性胞浆蛋白,进化上高度保守,可以作为信号分子调节细胞的新陈代谢或通过自分泌或旁分泌途径调节细胞间的交流,并通过不同的信号通路促进细胞凋亡、炎症反应和氧化应激。目前尚未有GMFB与脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗相关的研究。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明的目的为针对胰岛素抵抗的治疗提供一种GMFB作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用。
本发明实验发现,GMFB作为炎症因子,在高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗状态下表达而正常情况不表达或表达量极低,说明GMFB在胰岛素抵抗状态下的脂肪组织中发挥作用,可能抑制脂肪组织的功能。GMFB基因敲除后的高脂饮食大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度较野生型高脂饮食大鼠明显降低,说明GMFB基因敲除可以改善高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗;GMFB基因敲除明显改善了SD大鼠的葡萄糖耐量;改善了胰岛素耐量;改善了脂肪细胞的功能。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
本发明的第一个目的是提供GMFB基因作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,GMFB基因作为胰岛素抵抗状态下脂肪组织病变的生物标记物的应用。
本发明的第二个目的是提供GMFB作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,GMFB作为胰岛素抵抗状态下脂肪组织病变的生物标记物的应用。
本发明的第三个目的是提供GMFB基因作为生物标记物在制备胰岛素抵抗早期诊断或病程进展的试剂/试剂盒中的应用。
本发明的第四个目的是提供GMFB作为生物标记物在制备胰岛素抵抗早期诊断或病程进展的试剂/试剂盒中的应用。
本发明的第五个目的是提供敲除GMFB基因或抑制GMFB基因表达的物质在制备预防和/或治疗胰岛素抵抗的产品中的应用。
本发明的第六个目的是提供降低GMFB含量或活性的物质在制备预防和/或治疗胰岛素抵抗的产品中的应用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,降低GMFB含量或活性的物质包括化学合成的shGMFB,或包含shGMFB的载体,其中,shGMFB为小发卡GMFB寡核苷酸(small hairpin GMFB,shGMFB)。
本发明的第七个目的是提供检测脂肪细胞中GMFB蛋白表达量的试剂在制备胰岛素抵抗诊断试剂或试剂盒中的应用。
本发明发现GMFB在高脂饮食大鼠的脂肪组织中表达较高,而在正常大鼠的脂肪组织中低表达。相比正常高脂饮食大鼠,GMFB基因敲除后的高脂饮食大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度降低、胰岛素抵抗指数降低、胰岛素敏感指数升高、葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量改善、白色脂肪细胞体积变小并且数量增多。说明GMFB基因敲除能有效改善胰岛素抵抗状态下的脂肪组织病变。
本发明提供了GMFB介导高脂饮食或糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的可能机制,可以通过干扰技术下调高脂饮食或糖尿病大鼠脂肪细胞中GMFB蛋白的表达,从而改善高脂饮食或糖尿病胰岛素抵抗,帮助患者提高生活质量,缓解病情。
本发明首先通过ELISA方法检测了正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度,来评估胰岛素抵抗状态,发现GMFB基因敲除后的高脂饮食大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度较野生型高脂饮食大鼠明显降低,胰岛素抵抗指数降低、胰岛素敏感指数升高,提示GMFB基因敲除可以改善高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗。
葡萄糖耐量实验可以早期发现糖代谢异常,是目前公认的诊断糖尿病的标准。紧接着,本发明通过葡萄糖耐量试验对正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的葡萄糖稳态进行了观察,发现高脂饮食后的曲线下面积显著高于正常组,表明高脂饮食后大鼠葡萄糖耐量水平已经严重受损;在高脂饮食组,GMFB基因敲除明显改善了胰岛素抵抗所引起的血糖升高,并且曲线下面积降低,改善了葡萄糖耐量。
最后,对正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠进行胰岛素耐量试验,结果显示GMFB基因敲除明显改善了高脂饮食条件下的胰岛素耐量。通过HE染色检测了正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的脂肪细胞形态变化,发现GMFB基因敲除后的SD大鼠脂肪细胞体积变小、数量增多,说明GMFB基因敲除后改善了脂肪细胞的功能。这说明GMFB可作为胰岛素抵抗的治疗靶点,早期干预GMFB可能对胰岛素抵抗的发生发展起预防作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)GMFB作为炎症因子,在高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗状态下表达(而正常情况不表达或表达量极低),说明GMFB在胰岛素抵抗状态下的脂肪组织中发挥作用,可能抑制脂肪组织的功能;
(2)GMFB基因敲除后的高脂饮食大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度较野生型高脂饮食大鼠明显降低,提示GMFB基因敲除可以改善高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗;
(3)GMFB基因敲除明显改善了SD大鼠胰岛素抵抗所引起的血糖升高,并且葡萄糖耐量实验曲线下面积显著降低,改善了葡萄糖耐量;
(4)GMFB基因敲除改善了高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素抵抗所引起的血糖升高,并且胰岛素耐量实验曲线下面积显著降低,改善了胰岛素耐量。
(5)GMFB基因敲除后的SD大鼠脂肪细胞体积变小、数量增多,说明GMFB基因敲除后改善了脂肪细胞的功能。
附图说明
图1为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠GMFB表达变化示意图。
图2为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度示意图。
图3为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠葡萄糖耐量检测示意图。
图4为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠胰岛素耐量检测示意图。
图5为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的白色脂肪组织HE染色结果图。
图中:正常饮食大鼠(NCD);高脂饮食大鼠(HFD);正常饮食野生型SD大鼠(NCDWT);高脂饮食野生型SD大鼠(HFD KO);正常饮食GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠(NCD WT);高脂饮食GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠(HFD KO);白色脂肪组织(WAT);腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验(IPGTT);药时曲线下面积(AUC)。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一个目的是提供GMFB基因作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,GMFB基因作为胰岛素抵抗状态下脂肪组织病变的生物标记物的应用。
本发明的第二个目的是提供GMFB作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标记物的应用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,GMFB作为胰岛素抵抗状态下脂肪组织病变的生物标记物的应用。
本发明的第三个目的是提供GMFB基因作为生物标记物在制备胰岛素抵抗早期诊断或病程进展的试剂/试剂盒中的应用。
本发明的第四个目的是提供GMFB作为生物标记物在制备胰岛素抵抗早期诊断或病程进展的试剂/试剂盒中的应用。
本发明的第五个目的是提供敲除GMFB基因或抑制GMFB基因表达的物质在制备预防和/或治疗胰岛素抵抗的产品中的应用。
本发明的第六个目的是提供降低GMFB含量或活性的物质在制备预防和/或治疗胰岛素抵抗的产品中的应用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,降低GMFB含量或活性的物质包括化学合成的shGMFB,或包含shGMFB的载体,其中,shGMFB为小发卡GMFB寡核苷酸(small hairpin GMFB,shGMFB)。
本发明的第七个目的是提供检测脂肪细胞中GMFB蛋白表达量的试剂在制备胰岛素抵抗诊断试剂或试剂盒中的应用。
本发明发现GMFB在高脂饮食大鼠的脂肪组织中表达较高,而在正常大鼠的脂肪组织中低表达。相比正常高脂饮食大鼠,GMFB基因敲除后的高脂饮食大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度降低、胰岛素抵抗指数降低、胰岛素敏感指数升高、葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量改善、白色脂肪细胞体积变小并且数量增多。说明GMFB基因敲除能有效改善胰岛素抵抗状态下的脂肪组织病变。
本发明提供了GMFB介导高脂饮食或糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的可能机制,可以通过干扰技术下调高脂饮食或糖尿病大鼠脂肪细胞中GMFB蛋白的表达,从而改善高脂饮食或糖尿病胰岛素抵抗,帮助患者提高生活质量,缓解病情。
本发明首先通过ELISA方法检测了正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度,来评估胰岛素抵抗状态,发现敲除GMFB后的高脂饮食大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度较野生型高脂饮食大鼠明显降低,胰岛素抵抗指数降低、胰岛素敏感指数升高,提示GMFB基因敲除可以改善高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗。
葡萄糖耐量实验可以早期发现糖代谢异常,是目前公认的诊断糖尿病的标准。紧接着,本发明通过葡萄糖耐量试验对正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的葡萄糖稳态进行了观察,发现高脂饮食后的曲线下面积显著高于正常组,表明高脂饮食后大鼠葡萄糖耐量水平已经严重受损;在高脂饮食组,GMFB基因敲除明显改善了胰岛素抵抗所引起的血糖升高,并且曲线下面积降低,改善了葡萄糖耐量。
最后,对正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠进行胰岛素耐量试验,结果显示GMFB基因敲除明显改善了高脂饮食条件下的胰岛素耐量。通过HE染色检测了正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的脂肪细胞形态变化,发现GMFB基因敲除后的SD大鼠脂肪细胞体积变小、数量增多,说明GMFB基因敲除后改善了脂肪细胞的功能。这说明GMFB可作为胰岛素抵抗的治疗靶点,早期干预GMFB可能对胰岛素抵抗的发生发展起预防作用。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实验所用SD大鼠均来源于上海斯莱克公司。GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的获得:利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠。大鼠GMFB基因位于大鼠15号染色体上;外显子2作为靶标,在其基因链的此位置插入一个碱基A;体外转录生成Cas9 mRNA和gRNA,共注入受精卵一起用于GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的生产;采用PCR方法及序列分析进行基因分型;阳性的创始者正在繁殖下一代,通过PCR和DNA测序分析进行基因分型。
以下实施例中,胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型的建立:采用雄性野生型SD大鼠和GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠,约180-200g。对SD大鼠进行高脂饮食12周,建立胰岛素抵抗模型,同时设立相应的正常饮食对照组;SPF级环境培养。
以下实施例中:正常饮食大鼠(NCD);高脂饮食大鼠(HFD);正常饮食野生型SD大鼠(NCD WT);高脂饮食野生型SD大鼠(HFD KO);正常饮食GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠(NCD WT);高脂饮食GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠(HFD KO);白色脂肪组织(WAT);腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验(IPGTT);药时曲线下面积(AUC)。
实施例1
GMFB表达量检测。
将SD大鼠脱颈处死后,胸腹部T字切口,用手向下撕至大腿下,取腹股沟处白色脂肪组织,随后进行组织蛋白的提取,采用蛋白免疫印迹方法对不同饮食条件下脂肪组织中GMFB表达量进行检测。
图1表明:高脂饮食后,脂肪组织中的GMFB表达增加。
实施例2
胰岛素浓度检测。
各组SD大鼠血浆取存并进行ELISA检测:
将SD大鼠麻醉后进行脱颈处死,打开胸腔,进行心脏取血,取入含有EDTA-抗凝剂的EP管中,然后2000-3000rpm离心15-20分钟,吸取上清,即得淡黄色的血浆;
将所得血浆进行ELISA实验检测血浆胰岛素浓度,比较血浆胰岛素浓度变化。操作如下:取出所需酶标板条,加样100ul,分别设零孔(样品稀释液)、标准孔、待测样品孔。酶标板覆膜,湿盒放置,37℃孵育120分钟;弃液体,洗涤4次;每孔加100ul1×HRP标记的检测抗体,盖上封板膜,湿盒放置,37℃孵育40分钟;弃液体,洗涤4次;显色:每孔加TMB显色液100ul,37℃避光显色15-20分钟;终止:每孔加终止液100ul,此时蓝色变为黄色;读数:以630nm为校正波长,用酶标仪在450nm波长测量各孔的OD值。结果如图2所示;图2为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度示意图。
图2表明:GMFB基因敲除后可明显降低高脂饮食大鼠的血浆胰岛素浓度,胰岛素抵抗指数降低、胰岛素敏感指数升高,改善高脂饮食所引起的胰岛素抵抗。
实施例3
葡萄糖耐量检测。
SD大鼠高脂饮食及正常饮食12周后进行葡萄糖耐量试验。具体操作如下:SD大鼠腹腔注射20%葡萄糖(1g/kg),然后在0、15、30、60、90、120min鼠尾使用鱼跃血糖仪测定血糖浓度。结果如图3所示,图3为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠葡萄糖耐量检测示意图。
图3表明:GMFB基因敲除改善了高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素抵抗所引起的血糖升高,并且葡萄糖耐量实验曲线下面积显著降低,改善了葡萄糖耐量。
实施例4
胰岛素耐量检测。
SD大鼠高脂饮食及正常饮食12周后进行葡萄糖耐量试验。具体操作如下:SD大鼠腹腔注射胰岛素(1IU/kg),然后在0、15、30、60、90、120min鼠尾使用鱼跃血糖仪测定血糖浓度。结果如图4所示,图4为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠胰岛素耐量检测示意图。
图4表明:GMFB基因敲除改善了高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素抵抗所引起的血糖升高,并且胰岛素耐量实验曲线下面积显著降低,改善了胰岛素耐量。
实施例5
HE染色。
(1)石蜡切片:将SD大鼠脱颈处死后,胸腹部T字切口,用手向下撕至大腿下,取腹股沟处白色脂肪组织。用4%多聚甲醛固定24h。对组织进行漂洗、脱水、透明后浸蜡进行包埋,将蜡块切片(3μm),贴于载玻片上置60℃烘箱中烤片30min-1hr。
(2)HE染色:二甲苯I 5min,二甲苯II 5min,二甲苯III 5min,无水乙醇1min,95%酒精1min,75%酒精1min,自来水冲洗数秒,苏木素染色液染2min,自来水冲洗数秒,分化液快速分化后温水冲洗返蓝,伊红染色液染1min,75%酒精30s,95%酒精30s,无水乙醇30s,二甲苯透明1min。
封片,晾干。结果如图5所示,图5为正常饮食和高脂饮食12周条件下,野生型SD大鼠及GMFB基因敲除SD大鼠的白色脂肪组织HE染色结果图。
图5表明:GMFB基因敲除后的SD大鼠脂肪细胞体积变小、数量增多,说明GMFB基因敲除后改善了脂肪细胞的功能。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.GMFB基因在制备治疗胰岛素抵抗的产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述产品中含有敲除GMFB基因表达的物质。
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