CN113758566A - Off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection optical system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection optical system, which belongs to the field of photoelectric detection and comprises an off-axis three-mirror primary mirror, an off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror, an off-axis three-mirror, a long-wave infrared spectroscopic plate, a primary image surface, a long-wave secondary imaging lens, a long-wave polarizing plate, a long-wave infrared detector, a collimating lens, a visible light and near infrared spectroscopic plate, a visible light secondary imaging lens, a visible light polarizing plate, a visible light detector, a near infrared secondary imaging lens, a near infrared polarizing plate and a near infrared detector; the invention combines the visible light-infrared imaging and the polarization imaging technology, combines the advantages of near infrared, long wave and polarization, can realize multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection, and further realizes high-definition high-resolution photoelectric imaging detection in haze weather.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric detection, and particularly relates to an off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection optical system.
Background
Due to the fact that the visibility of a scene is reduced due to the shielding effect of complex weather such as haze and the like on light, the traffic of roads and civil aviation is blocked, and adverse effects are caused to national economy. The existing imaging system penetrating through haze is mostly an infrared system, but along with increasingly severe haze weather, the performance of the imaging system penetrating through haze is limited only by adopting an infrared technology. Although the initial research results are developed in the two aspects of infrared and polarization detection, people combine the polarization characteristics contained in the light wave with the infrared thermal imaging technology to develop the infrared polarization imaging technology with higher identification capability. An infrared imaging detection system in the traditional infrared polarization imaging technology mainly obtains infrared heat radiation of an observed scene, and distinguishes a target from a background by using the radiation intensity difference between the target and the background so as to realize the detection, identification and tracking of the target. The detection modes are four polarization detection modes of time division, aperture division, amplitude division and focal plane division, but the spectrum is single, and a multi-spectrum polarization optical imaging detection device is not reported yet. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a new solution to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection optical system, can realize multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection, and then realize high-definition high-resolution photoelectric imaging detection under the haze weather.
An off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system, comprising: the system comprises an off-axis three-mirror primary mirror, an off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror, an off-axis three-mirror, a long-wave infrared light splitting sheet, a primary image surface, a long-wave secondary imaging lens, a long-wave polarizing sheet, a long-wave infrared detector, a collimating lens, a visible light and near infrared light splitting sheet, a visible light secondary imaging lens, a visible light polarizing sheet, a visible light detector, a near infrared secondary imaging lens, a near infrared polarizing sheet and a near infrared detector; the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror, the off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror and the off-axis three-mirror tertiary mirror are placed according to the off-axis three-mirror position, so that parallel light beams from infinity containing target and background multi-spectral band light information are imaged at the primary image surface after being reflected by the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror, the off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror and the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror in sequence; the long-wave infrared light splitting piece is arranged between the off-axis three-mirror three-two-mirror three-two-mirror three-two-mirror three-two-mirror three-two-mirror three-two; the long-wave secondary imaging lens, the long-wave polaroid and the long-wave infrared detector are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are placed in the transmission direction of the long-wave infrared beam splitter; the collimating lens, the visible light and near infrared light splitting sheet, the visible light secondary imaging lens, the visible light polarizer and the visible light detector are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are placed in the reflection direction of the long-wave infrared light splitting sheet; the visible light and near-infrared light splitting piece is used for separating visible light and near-infrared light information; the visible light secondary imaging lens, the visible light polarization plate and the visible light detector are arranged in the transmission direction of the visible light and near-infrared light splitting plate; the near-infrared secondary imaging lens, the near-infrared polaroid and the near-infrared detector are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are arranged in the reflection direction of the visible light and the near-infrared light splitting piece.
Furthermore, the surface shape of the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror is a concave aspheric surface reflector.
Furthermore, the surface shape of the off-axis tertiary reflection secondary mirror is a convex aspheric reflector.
Furthermore, the surface shape of the off-axis three-mirror three-mirror three-mirror three-mirror three-mirror three-three.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts the off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection optical system to receive the target light information, and can carry out photoelectric imaging detection more clearly. The polarization information of visible light, near infrared and long wave infrared spectral bands is obtained, which is beneficial supplement to the traditional imaging detection. Wherein the intensity information reflects the detection distance, the shape of the target, the size of the target, and the like; the multispectral polarization information reflects the material, the roughness and the contrast with the background of the target; the long-wave infrared detector, the near-infrared detector and the visible light detector are used for obtaining intensity information, multi-spectral-band information and polarization information, the intensity information, the multi-spectral-band information and the polarization information are jointly applied, and the image contrast can be improved by 1 time, so that the working distance is improved. The image fusion algorithm improves the quality of the image, and is beneficial to improving the target detection probability, so that the haze penetrating imaging is more effectively realized.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection optical system.
In the figure: the system comprises a 1-off-axis three-mirror primary mirror, a 2-off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror, a 3-off-axis three-mirror primary mirror, a 4-long-wave infrared light splitting sheet, a 5-primary image surface, a 6-long-wave secondary imaging lens, a 7-long-wave polarizing sheet, an 8-long-wave infrared detector, a 9-collimating lens, a 10-visible light and near infrared light splitting sheet, a 11-visible light secondary imaging lens, a 12-visible light polarizing sheet, a 13-visible light detector, a 14-near infrared secondary imaging lens, a 15-near infrared polarizing sheet and a 16-near infrared detector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments can be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention. Well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses an off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system, which comprises an off-axis three-mirror primary mirror 1, an off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror 2, an off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror 3, a long-wave infrared spectroscopic plate 4, a primary image surface 5, a long-wave secondary imaging lens 6, a long-wave polarizing plate 7, a long-wave infrared detector 8, a collimating lens 9, a visible light and near infrared spectroscopic plate 10, a visible light secondary imaging lens 11, a visible light polarizing plate 12, a visible light detector 13, a near infrared secondary imaging lens 14, a near infrared polarizing plate 15 and a near infrared detector 16.
The long-wave infrared beam splitter 4 is an European Puter science and technology GPBS 71-zinc selenide infrared broadband wedge beam splitter; the long-wave polarizing plate 7 is a long-wave polarizing plate of Codixx codity, germany; the visible light and near infrared spectrometer 10 is a Giai-beamsplitting device spectrometer produced by shenzhen yuaner technologies ltd; the long-wave infrared detector 8 is an H6417C1S Haokawa non-refrigeration long-wave infrared detector; the visible light detector 13 is a high-illumination visible light detector On9658L manufactured by tin-free energy-controlled technology ltd; the near-infrared polaroid 15 adopts an APIR29-020 model near-infrared polaroid of Jiangyin rhyme photoelectric technology company Limited; the near infrared detector 16 is a near infrared detector developed by Hepun electronics Limited, Shenzhen.
The positions and the realization functions of all parts are as follows:
the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror 1, the off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror 2 and the off-axis three-mirror tertiary mirror 3 are placed according to off-axis three-mirror positions, parallel light beams from infinity containing target and background multispectral light information are imaged at the primary image surface 5 after being reflected by the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror 1, the off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror 2 and the off-axis three-mirror tertiary mirror 3 in sequence, and efficient receiving of the target and background multispectral light information is achieved.
The long-wave infrared light splitting sheet 4 is placed between the off-axis three-mirror 3 and the primary image surface 5, and the long-wave infrared light splitting sheet 4 is used for splitting incident light containing target and background multi-spectral band light information into two paths of light, wherein one path of light is long-wave infrared light, and the other path of light is visible light and near-infrared light, so that the long-wave infrared light is separated;
the long-wave secondary imaging lens 6, the long-wave polaroid 7 and the long-wave infrared detector 8 are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are placed in the transmission direction of the long-wave infrared beam splitter 4, and long-wave infrared polarization information is acquired.
The collimating lens 9, the visible light and near-infrared light splitting sheet 10, the visible light secondary imaging lens 11, the visible light polarizer 12 and the visible light detector 13 are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are placed in the reflection direction of the long-wave infrared light splitting sheet 4; the collimating lens 9 is used for shaping the condensed light into parallel light; the visible and near-infrared spectroscopic sheet 10 is used to separate visible and near-infrared information. The visible light secondary imaging lens 11, the visible light polarization plate 12 and the visible light detector 13 are arranged in the transmission direction of the visible light and near-infrared light splitting plate 10, so that the visible light polarization information is acquired. The near-infrared secondary imaging lens 14, the near-infrared polarizing film 15 and the near-infrared detector 16 are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are placed in the reflection direction of the visible light and the near-infrared light splitting film 10, so that the near-infrared polarization information is acquired.
In order to simultaneously receive target multispectral polarization detection information, an off-axis three-mirror telescope system (a system formed by placing an off-axis three-mirror telescope 1, an off-axis three-mirror telescope 2 and an off-axis three-mirror telescope 3 at three off-axis positions) is adopted to receive target light information, so that the exit pupil of the telescope system is connected with the entrance pupil of a polarization imaging unit, and vignetting can be avoided due to the design.
The invention adopts the common-aperture polarized optical system to receive the multi-spectrum light information (namely, the three detectors receive the information by one light inlet aperture of the same beam), thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of the system and saving the space.
The working process of the off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system comprises the following steps:
step S1: parallel light beams from infinity containing target and background multispectral light information are sequentially reflected by an off-axis three-mirror primary mirror 1, an off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror 2 and an off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror 3 and then converged to a primary image surface 5;
step S2: the long-wave infrared beam splitter 4 splits the light beam containing target and background multispectral light information emitted to the long-wave infrared beam splitter into two paths of light, wherein one path of light is long-wave infrared light, and the other path of light is visible light and near infrared light;
step S3: the long-wave infrared light receives the long-wave infrared polarization information through the long-wave secondary imaging lens 6, the long-wave polaroid 7 and the long-wave infrared detector 8; the visible light and the near infrared light are converted into parallel beams through the collimating lens 9 and then are separated through the visible light and the near infrared light splitting sheet 10 to obtain visible light and near infrared light, the visible light is transmitted along the transmission direction of the near infrared light splitting sheet 10, and the visible light polarization information is received through the visible light secondary imaging lens 11, the visible light polarization sheet 12 and the visible light detector 13 in sequence; near-infrared light is transmitted along the reflection direction of the near-infrared light splitting sheet 10 and sequentially passes through the near-infrared secondary imaging lens 14, the near-infrared polarizing sheet 15 and the near-infrared detector 16 to realize the receiving of near-infrared polarization information;
step S4: image filtering processing is performed on the three band polarization information received through steps S1 to S3
The invention adopts DWT (discrete wavelet transform) to process and acquire the image, and realizes the denoising processing of the acquired image information. The specific process is as follows:
the starting point for DWT (discrete wavelet transform) is a two-pass full reconstruction filter bank, where x (n) is the input sequence, g (n) and h (n) are the impulse responses of the low-pass (LP) and high-pass (HP) convolution filters, respectively; the analysis filter convolution and downsampling are the inner products of the sequence x (n) and the time inversions g (n), h (n). The formula is as follows:
wherein: y is0(k) For a low-pass output sequence, y1(k) Is a high-pass output sequence, n is a variable, and x (n) is an input sequence; k is a displacement amount; g (-n +2k) is the result of negating timing n of g (n) plus the shift amount, and h (-n +2k) is the result of negating timing n of h (n) plus the shift amount;
reconstructing a signal
By outputting the sequence y for high-pass and low-pass0(n) and y1(n) upsampled by filtering and adding g '(n) and h' (n) which are time-reversed copies of g (n) and h (n). For some filters with fully-reconstructed characteristics, reconstructed
Is equal to x (n) over the range of possible shifts. For example, for even length L, the filters and the analysis filters therein h (n) and g (n) are passed through h (L-1-n) ═ 1ng (n) as mirror filters, and synthesis filters g '(n) and h' (n) are time-reversed copies of g (n) and h (n), then x (n) reconstructs the formula as follows:
filters g '(n) and h' (n) are time-reversed copies of g (n) and h (n), and the two-channel analysis filterbank process iterates over the low-pass (LP) output. If g (n) and h (n) are half-band low-pass LP and high-pass HP filters, the width of the low-band is halved for each iteration. The current high band spectrum corresponds to the difference between the current and previous low band spectrum. Furthermore, the temporal resolution is halved due to the subsampling. The relationship between wavelets and filters g (n), h (n) is as follows:
where phi (t) and omega (t) are the continuous time scale function and the wavelet, respectively. The scaling function has the same shape as the impulse response g (n) of the low-pass LP filter.
Step S5, image fusion is carried out on the filtered signals, image enhancement is realized, and detection capability is improved
The multispectral fusion process using SIDWT shift invariant discrete wavelet transform is directed to the tri-spectral band image and the co-registered high resolution P-image. For color image interpretation, the fusion of XS (as an RGB pseudo-color composite) and P image should produce an enhanced image with minimal distortion of the original color. The visually perceived color attributes of image features are often better described in terms of intensity, hue, and saturation, rather than red, green, and blue. Intensity (I) and closely related values brightness (V), hue (H) and saturation (S) refer to the perception of brightness, color and color purity, respectively, by a subject. The RGB image is first transformed into HSV color space and then the luminance V is enhanced by pixel-level fusion.
The hexagonal model based RGB-HSV transform converts RGB values into a color space more suitable for color image processing. The intensity component, or approximately V (since V is the maximum of R, G and B), can be contrast stretched without a change in H and S of the resulting image.
The image information of the three spectral bands is first converted from RGB to HSV. Then, after multi-resolution decomposition using SIDWT shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform, V and higher resolution P images are fused. Because the image pair (P, V) fusion process combines transform coefficients using SIDWT shift invariant discrete wavelet transform decomposition and a pixel-based "maximum" selection rule. The present design employs a SIDWT implementation and involves multispectral images.
The off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system has the following advantages: in order to receive the target multi-spectral-band polarization detection information simultaneously, the off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral-band polarization imaging detection optical system is adopted to receive the target light information, so that photoelectric imaging detection can be performed more clearly. The polarization information of visible light, near infrared and long wave infrared spectral bands is obtained, which is beneficial supplement to the traditional imaging detection. Because a common-caliber polarized optical system is adopted to receive multi-spectral-band light information, (the three detectors adopt the same light, and the detection can be finished by the same light inlet) finally, a high-quality multi-spectral-band polarized optical imaging system is designed, and the filtering and fusion processing are carried out on the image. And extracting favorable information in respective channels to the maximum extent, and finally synthesizing the favorable information into a high-quality image so as to improve the display degree and the recognition rate of the target in the image.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the methods and benefits of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting. Any person skilled in the art can modify the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be as set forth in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. An off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system, comprising: the system comprises an off-axis three-mirror primary mirror (1), an off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror (2), an off-axis three-mirror primary mirror (3), a long-wave infrared light splitting sheet (4), a primary image plane (5), a long-wave secondary imaging lens (6), a long-wave polaroid (7), a long-wave infrared detector (8), a collimating lens (9), a visible light and near infrared light splitting sheet (10), a visible light secondary imaging lens (11), a visible light polarizer (12), a visible light detector (13), a near infrared secondary imaging lens (14), a near infrared polaroid (15) and a near infrared detector (16); the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror (1), the off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror (2) and the off-axis three-mirror tertiary mirror (3) are placed according to the off-axis three-mirror position, so that parallel light beams from infinity containing target and background multispectral light information are imaged at the primary image surface (5) after being reflected by the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror (1), the off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror (2) and the off-axis three-mirror secondary mirror (3) in sequence; the long-wave infrared light splitting piece (4) is arranged between the off-axis three-mirror (3) and the primary image surface (5), and the long-wave infrared light splitting piece (4) is used for splitting incident light containing target and background multi-spectral band light information into two paths of light, wherein one path of light is long-wave infrared light, and the other path of light is visible light and near-infrared light; the long-wave secondary imaging lens (6), the long-wave polaroid (7) and the long-wave infrared detector (8) are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are placed in the transmission direction of the long-wave infrared beam splitter (4); the collimating lens (9), the visible light and near infrared light splitting sheet (10), the visible light secondary imaging lens (11), the visible light polarizer (12) and the visible light detector (13) are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are placed in the reflection direction of the long-wave infrared light splitting sheet (4); the visible light and near infrared light splitting piece (10) is used for separating visible light and near infrared light information; the visible light secondary imaging lens (11), the visible light polarization plate (12) and the visible light detector (13) are arranged in the transmission direction of the visible light and near-infrared light splitting plate (10); the near-infrared secondary imaging lens (14), the near-infrared polarizing film (15) and the near-infrared detector (16) are coaxially and sequentially arranged and are arranged in the reflection direction of the visible light and near-infrared light splitting sheet (10).
2. The off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface shape of the off-axis three-mirror primary mirror (1) is a concave aspheric surface reflector.
3. The off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface shape of the off-axis tertiary secondary reflector (2) is a convex aspheric reflector.
4. The off-axis three-mirror multi-spectral band polarization imaging detection optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface shape of the off-axis three-mirror (3) is a concave aspheric surface reflector.
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| CN116400378A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 | Visible-long wave infrared double-color imaging detection system |
| CN117848503A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 长春理工大学 | Multi-spectral-band polarization intelligent detection device and method for three-dimensional restoration of high-precision target |
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