CN113758433B - Optical fiber joint meter and joint measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Optical fiber joint meter and joint measuring method thereof Download PDF

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CN113758433B
CN113758433B CN202111007677.4A CN202111007677A CN113758433B CN 113758433 B CN113758433 B CN 113758433B CN 202111007677 A CN202111007677 A CN 202111007677A CN 113758433 B CN113758433 B CN 113758433B
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optical fiber
sliding
transmission
crack
sliding part
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CN113758433A (en
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徐训
林廷灿
徐金龙
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/14Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical fiber joint meter, which comprises: a housing; the detection assembly comprises a first sliding part, a second sliding part, a fixing part, a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber and a third optical fiber, wherein the two ends of the first optical fiber are connected with the first sliding part and the second sliding part, the two ends of the second optical fiber are connected with the first sliding part and the fixing part, and the third optical fiber is connected with the second sliding part and the fixing part. The transmission component comprises a transmission piece and a slide bar, the transmission piece enables the slide bar to be respectively in transmission connection with the first sliding piece and the second sliding piece, the slide bar drives the second sliding piece to be far away from the first sliding piece when sliding along the first direction of the slide bar, and the slide bar drives the first sliding piece to be far away from the second sliding piece when sliding along the second direction of the slide bar. Whether the crack is enlarged or reduced can be judged by judging whether the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber deform or not, and meanwhile, the deformation amount of the crack can be calculated by depending on the deformation amount of the first optical fiber. Thus, not only the amount of deformation of a crack having a large span but also the amount of deformation of a crack having a small span can be measured.

Description

Optical fiber joint measuring meter and joint measuring method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crack measurement, in particular to an optical fiber crack meter and a crack measuring method thereof.
Background
In the field of civil engineering, crack development can affect the strength, rigidity, impermeability, durability and the like of a structure, so that the structure has potential safety hazards. For the existing structural cracks, in order to clear the expansion and contraction state of the cracks and obtain deformation information, the structural cracks need to be monitored for a long time. The method has great significance in the aspects of structural damage, processing schemes, structural life prediction and the like through monitoring data analysis.
At present, the structural joint meter in the civil engineering field is mainly an integral joint meter of a flexible steel wire displacement meter, which can be seen in a patent with the application number of CN201810315378.9, and the displacement meter relies on a tensile steel wire to measure the distance, so that the flexible steel wire is only suitable for the crack development stage, and when the crack is in the reduction stage, the flexible steel wire is bent, so that the crack cannot be measured.
Therefore, how to measure the crack with reduced span is an urgent technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provides an optical fiber joint meter and a joint measuring method thereof, which solve the technical problem that the joint meter in the prior art cannot measure the deformation quantity of the crack with reduced span.
In order to achieve the above technical object, a technical solution of the present invention provides an optical fiber slit meter, including:
a housing;
the detection assembly comprises a first sliding part, a second sliding part, a fixed part, a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber and a third optical fiber, wherein the first sliding part and the second sliding part are arranged on the shell in a sliding mode, the fixed part is located between the first sliding part and the second sliding part, the first optical fiber is tensioned between the first sliding part and the second sliding part, the second optical fiber is tensioned between the first sliding part and the fixed part, and the third optical fiber is tensioned between the second sliding part and the fixed part;
the transmission component comprises a transmission part and a sliding rod, the transmission part enables the sliding rod to be in transmission connection with the first sliding part and the second sliding part respectively, the sliding rod drives the second sliding part to be far away from the first sliding part when sliding along a first direction of the sliding rod, and the sliding rod drives the first sliding part to be far away from the second sliding part when sliding along a second direction of the sliding rod.
Furthermore, the transmission part comprises a transmission rod and a transmission gear, the transmission rod is arranged in the shell in a sliding mode, one end of the transmission rod abuts against the first sliding part, the other end of the transmission rod abuts against the second sliding part, a first rack tooth is formed on the transmission rod, a second rack tooth is formed on the sliding rod, and the transmission gear is meshed with the first rack tooth and the second rack tooth respectively.
Further, the transmission gear is a coaxial secondary gear, primary gear teeth of the coaxial secondary gear are meshed with the first rack teeth, and secondary gear teeth of the coaxial secondary gear are meshed with the second rack teeth.
Further, the driving medium has two, two the driving member branch is established the transfer line both sides, two rack teeth have been seted up respectively to the transfer line both sides.
Further, the transmission part further comprises a first spring and a second spring, one end of the first spring is connected with the shell, the other end of the first spring is connected with the first sliding part, so that the first sliding part has elastic force close to the second sliding part, one end of the second spring is connected with the shell, the other end of the second spring is connected with the second sliding part, so that the second sliding part has elastic force close to the first sliding part, the shell is provided with a limiting part, one end of the limiting part is abutted against the first sliding part, and the other end of the limiting part is abutted against the second sliding part, so that the minimum distance between the first sliding part and the second sliding part is established.
Furthermore, a first connecting seat is formed at one end of the sliding rod, a second connecting seat is formed on the shell, and the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are respectively fixed at two ends of the crack to be detected.
Further, the first optical fiber, the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber are sequentially connected end to end.
Furthermore, a guide hole is formed in the shell, and the sliding rod is arranged in the guide hole in a sliding mode.
A method of seam gauging, comprising:
s1, acquiring a first optical fiber strain;
s2, calculating the deformation quantity of the first optical fiber according to the original length of the first optical fiber and the strain of the first optical fiber;
s3, calculating the deformation amount of the crack to be measured according to the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly and the deformation amount of the first optical fiber;
s4, judging whether the crack to be detected is reduced or enlarged according to the strain quantities of the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber;
and S5, acquiring the deformation quantity of the opening and closing of the crack to be detected.
Further, step S4 includes:
s41, respectively acquiring the dependent variables of the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber;
and S42, if the second optical fiber has a strain and the third optical fiber has no strain, expanding the crack to be measured, and if the second optical fiber has no strain and the third optical fiber has a strain, reducing the crack to be measured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the shell is fixed at one end of a crack to be measured, then the free end of the slide rod is fixed at the other end of the crack, when the crack changes, the slide rod can be driven to slide, and then the distance between the first sliding part and the second sliding part is enlarged under the driving of the transmission part, so that the first optical fiber is strained, and further the deformation amount of the crack can be calculated through the Brillouin principle. Meanwhile, when the sliding rod slides along the first direction relative to the shell, the crack is enlarged, so that the second optical fiber is pulled to deform, and the third optical fiber cannot deform. Correspondingly, when the sliding rod slides along the second direction relative to the shell, the crack is reduced, so that the third optical fiber is deformed, and the second optical fiber is not deformed. Therefore, whether the crack is enlarged or reduced can be judged by whether the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber are deformed, and the deformation amount of the crack can be calculated according to the deformation amount of the first optical fiber. By utilizing the scheme provided by the invention, not only the deformation amount of the crack with the larger span can be measured, but also the deformation amount of the crack with the smaller span can be measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber-optic slot meter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
An embodiment of the fiber optic seam meter of the present invention, as can be seen in FIG. 1, includes: a housing 100; the detecting assembly 200 includes a first sliding member 210, a second sliding member 220, a fixing member 230, a first optical fiber 240, a second optical fiber 250 and a third optical fiber 260, wherein the first sliding member 210 and the second sliding member 220 are slidably disposed on the housing 100, the fixing member 230 is disposed between the first sliding member 210 and the second sliding member 220, one end of the first optical fiber 240 is connected to the first sliding member 210, and the other end thereof is connected to the second sliding member 220, such that the first optical fiber 240 is tensioned between the first sliding member 210 and the second sliding member 220, one end of the second optical fiber 250 is connected to the first sliding member 210, and the other end thereof is connected to the fixing member 230, such that the second optical fiber 250 is tensioned between the first sliding member 210 and the fixing member 230, one end of the third optical fiber 260 is connected to the second sliding member 220, and the other end thereof is connected to the fixing member 230, such that the third optical fiber 260 is tensioned between the second sliding member and the fixing member 230. The transmission assembly 300 includes a transmission member 310 and a sliding rod 320, the transmission member 310 connects the sliding rod 320 to the first sliding member 210 and the second sliding member 220 in a transmission manner, the sliding rod 320 drives the second sliding member 220 to move away from the first sliding member 210 when sliding along a first direction relative to the casing 100, and the sliding rod 320 drives the first sliding member 210 to move away from the second sliding member 220 when sliding along a second direction relative to the casing 100.
The shell 100 is firstly fixed at one end of a crack to be measured, then the free end of the sliding rod 320 is fixed at the other end of the crack, when the crack changes, the sliding rod 320 is driven to slide, and further, under the drive of the transmission member 300, the distance between the first sliding member 210 and the second sliding member 220 is enlarged, so that the first optical fiber 240 is strained, and further, the deformation amount of the crack can be calculated through the Brillouin principle. Meanwhile, when the slider slides in the first direction, the crack is enlarged, so that the second optical fiber 250 is strained and the third optical fiber 260 is not deformed. Accordingly, when the sliding bar 320 slides in the second direction, the crack is reduced, so that the third optical fiber 260 is deformed, and the second optical fiber 250 is not deformed. Therefore, whether the crack is enlarged or reduced can be determined by whether the second optical fiber 250 and the third optical fiber 260 are deformed, and the amount of deformation of the crack can be estimated depending on the amount of deformation of the first optical fiber 240. By utilizing the scheme provided by the invention, not only the deformation amount of the crack with the larger span can be measured, but also the deformation amount of the crack with the smaller span can be measured.
The sliding rod 320 needs to slide relative to the housing 100, so that the housing 100 needs to have a guide rail, a guide groove, or a guide hole for the sliding rod 320 to slide.
As long as the transmission form capable of transmitting the kinetic energy of the sliding rod 320 to the first slider 210 and the second slider 220 is feasible, in a preferred embodiment, the transmission member 310 includes a transmission rod 311 and a transmission gear 312, the transmission rod 311 is slidably disposed in the housing 100, one end of the transmission rod 311 presses against the first slider 210, the other end presses against the second slider 220, a first rack tooth 311a is formed on the transmission rod 311, a second rack tooth 321 is formed on the sliding rod 320, and the transmission gear 312 is engaged with the first rack tooth 311a and the second rack tooth 321, respectively.
It is easy to think that the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly 300 of the above-mentioned scheme is 1, that is, the amount of displacement of the sliding rod 320 is the same as the amount of deformation of the first optical fiber 240, and if the amount of displacement of the sliding rod 320 is too large, the optical fiber will be torn. Therefore, there is a need for adapting the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly.
Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the drive gear 312 is a coaxial secondary gear having primary gear teeth that engage the first rack teeth 311a and secondary gear teeth that engage the second rack teeth 321. It is contemplated that the drive ratio of drive assembly 300 may be suitably increased if the amount of deformation of the crack is small, requiring increased precision in the optical fiber meter.
In order to avoid the deflection of the first sliding member 210 (or the second sliding member 220) during the sliding process and affect the final measurement accuracy, in a preferred embodiment, there are two transmission members 310, two transmission members 310 are respectively disposed on two sides of the transmission rod 311, and two first rack teeth 311a are respectively disposed on two sides of the transmission rod 311. Since the two transmission members 310 respectively push the two ends of the first sliding member 210 (or the second sliding member 220), the problem that the first sliding member 210 (or the second sliding member 220) deflects during the sliding process is avoided.
It can be understood that the span of the crack may be continuously enlarged and reduced, and if the crack is enlarged and then reduced, the first sliding member 210 may be far away from the second sliding member 220 during the process of enlarging the crack, so as to make the first optical fiber 240 deformed in tension. When the crack becomes smaller, the second sliding member 220 will be away from the first sliding member 210, so that the first optical fiber 240 is further stretched, and the amount of crack deformation estimated from the first optical fiber 240 will be incorrect.
In order to solve the above problem, in a preferred embodiment, the transmission member 310 further includes a first spring 313 and a second spring 314, the first spring 313 has one end connected to the housing 100 and the other end connected to the first sliding member 210, so that the first sliding member 210 has an elastic force close to the second sliding member 220, the second spring 314 has one end connected to the housing 100 and the other end connected to the second sliding member 220, so that the second sliding member 220 has an elastic force close to the first sliding member 210, and the housing 100 has a position-limiting portion 120, one end of the position-limiting portion 120 abuts against the first sliding member 210 and the other end abuts against the second sliding member 220, so as to establish a minimum distance between the first sliding member 210 and the second sliding member 220.
In order to facilitate the installation of the fiber optic slot measuring instrument on the slot, in one embodiment, a first connecting seat 322 is formed at one end of the sliding rod 320, a second connecting seat 110 is formed on the casing 100, and the first connecting seat 322 and the second connecting seat 110 are respectively fixed at two ends of the slot to be measured.
The first optical fiber 240, the second optical fiber 250, and the third optical fiber 260 may be three optical fibers independent of each other, and it is conceivable that deformation amounts of the three optical fibers are detected by three independent demodulators, respectively.
Because the demodulator can detect the deformation amount of any position of the same optical fiber by using the brillouin principle, the first optical fiber 240, the second optical fiber 250 and the third optical fiber 260 can be three sections of the same optical fiber, and in colloquial, the first optical fiber 240, the second optical fiber 250 and the third optical fiber 260 can be sequentially connected end to end.
The deformation of the optical fiber is known to be mature prior art by using the brillouin principle of the optical fiber, and in order to facilitate understanding of the application mode of the brillouin principle in the present invention, the following derivation is performed:
the Brillouin scattering light generates a Doppler effect to generate a Brillouin frequency shift, which can be expressed as
ν B =2nV a /λ (1)
Wherein n is the refractive index coefficient of the optical fiber; v a Is the velocity of the wave; λ is the wavelength of the incident light. Wherein the velocity V of the wave a Can be expressed as
Figure GDA0003808543140000081
Where E, μ and ρ are the Young's modulus, poisson's ratio and density of the optical fiber, respectively.
When pulse light is injected from one end of the optical fiber, any small section d on the optical fiber detected at the same end z The power of the back brillouin scattering light can be expressed as
Figure GDA0003808543140000082
Figure GDA0003808543140000083
Wherein z is the distance from a point on the optical fiber to the incident end of the pulsed light; p (z) is the power of the injected light; ν is the frequency of the back-facing brillouin astigmatism; c is the speed of light; alpha is alpha z Is the gain factor of the optical fiber; g (v, v) B ) Is Brillouin scattering optical spectrum, satisfies Lorentz function, and shifts v at Brillouin frequency B Reaches the peak value; g is a radical of formula 0 Is the peak power of the spectrum; Δ ν B Is the amount of change in the brillouin shift.
The relationship between strain and brillouin frequency shift obtained from equations (1) and (2) is as follows:
Figure GDA0003808543140000084
taylor expansion is carried out on the formula (5) to be accurate to a first term of epsilon, and the first term is obtained through transformation:
ν B (ε)=ν B0 [1+(Δn ε +ΔE ε +Δμ ε +Δρ ε )ε] (6)
in the formula, v B0 Is the initial brillouin frequency shift amount. For a certain optical fiber, Δ n ε 、ΔE ε 、Δμ ε 、Δρ ε Are all constants. Let frequency shift-coefficient of strain C ε =(Δn ε +ΔE ε +Δμ ε +Δρ ε ) Then formula (6) can be rewritten as
ν B (ε)=ν B0 [1+C ε ε] (7)
The device adopts an optical fiber introduced from the outside to the inside, and is sequentially divided into three sections in a series connection mode, namely a first optical fiber 240, a third optical fiber 260 and a second optical fiber 250, wherein the first optical fiber 240 is a working optical fiber (an optical fiber section for actually measuring a crack), and the second optical fiber 250 and the third optical fiber 260 are auxiliary optical fibers (optical fiber sections for judging the opening and closing state and the directionality of the crack).
The first, second and third optical fibers 240, 250, 260 have lengths L1, L2, L3, respectively. Through the connection of the two ends of the external optical fiber and the Brillouin distributed demodulator, brillouin frequency shifts of the first optical fiber 240, the second optical fiber 250 and the third optical fiber 260 can be directly obtained, wherein the frequency shifts are respectively v B1 、ν B2 、ν B3 The strains of the respective sections obtained according to equation (7) are respectively ε 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 Then, the axial deformation amounts of the first optical fiber 240, the second optical fiber 250, and the third optical fiber 260 are:
ΔL 1 =ε 1 L 1 ,ΔL 2 =ε 2 L 2 ,ΔL 3 =ε 3 L 3 (8)
according to the optical fiber joint meter provided by the invention, the invention also provides a joint measuring method of the optical fiber joint meter, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a first optical fiber strain;
s2, calculating the deformation quantity of the first optical fiber according to the original length of the first optical fiber and the strain of the first optical fiber;
s3, calculating the deformation amount of the crack to be measured according to the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly and the deformation amount of the first optical fiber;
s4, judging whether the crack to be detected is reduced or enlarged according to the strain quantities of the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber;
and S5, acquiring the opening and closing deformation quantity of the crack to be detected.
On the basis of the seam measuring method, the step S4 comprises the following steps:
s41, respectively acquiring strain quantities of a second optical fiber and a third optical fiber;
and S42, if the second optical fiber has a strain and the third optical fiber has no strain, expanding the crack to be measured, and if the second optical fiber has no strain and the third optical fiber has a strain, reducing the crack to be measured.
The shell 100 is firstly fixed at one end of a crack to be measured, then the free end of the sliding rod 320 is fixed at the other end of the crack, when the crack changes, the sliding rod 320 is driven to slide, and further, under the driving of the transmission member 300, the distance between the first sliding member 210 and the second sliding member 220 is expanded, so that the first optical fiber 240 is strained, and further, the deformation amount of the crack can be calculated through the Brillouin principle. Meanwhile, when the slider slides in the first direction, the crack is enlarged, so that the second optical fiber 250 is strained and the third optical fiber 260 is not deformed. Accordingly, when the slider 320 slides in the second direction, the crack is reduced, and the third optical fiber 260 is deformed, but the second optical fiber 250 is not deformed. Therefore, whether the crack is enlarged or reduced can be determined by whether the second optical fiber 250 and the third optical fiber 260 are deformed, and the amount of deformation of the crack can be estimated depending on the amount of deformation of the first optical fiber 240. By utilizing the scheme provided by the invention, not only the deformation amount of the crack with the larger span can be measured, but also the deformation amount of the crack with the smaller span can be measured.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fiber optic joint meter, comprising:
a housing;
the detection assembly comprises a first sliding part, a second sliding part, a fixed part, a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber and a third optical fiber, wherein the first sliding part and the second sliding part are arranged on the shell in a sliding mode, the fixed part is located between the first sliding part and the second sliding part, the first optical fiber is tensioned between the first sliding part and the second sliding part, the second optical fiber is tensioned between the first sliding part and the fixed part, and the third optical fiber is tensioned between the second sliding part and the fixed part;
the transmission component comprises a transmission part and a sliding rod, the transmission part enables the sliding rod to be in transmission connection with the first sliding part and the second sliding part respectively, the sliding rod drives the second sliding part to be far away from the first sliding part when sliding along a first direction of the sliding rod, and the sliding rod drives the first sliding part to be far away from the second sliding part when sliding along a second direction of the sliding rod.
2. The fiber optic joint meter of claim 1, wherein the transmission member includes a transmission rod and a transmission gear, the transmission rod is slidably disposed in the housing, one end of the transmission rod abuts against the first slider, the other end of the transmission rod abuts against the second slider, a first rack tooth is formed on the transmission rod, a second rack tooth is formed on the sliding rod, and the transmission gear is engaged with the first rack tooth and the second rack tooth respectively.
3. The fiber optic slot gauge of claim 2, wherein the drive gear is a coaxial secondary gear having primary gear teeth engaging the first rack teeth and secondary gear teeth engaging the second rack teeth.
4. The fiber optic joint meter of claim 2 or 3, wherein there are two transmission members, the two transmission members are respectively disposed on two sides of the transmission rod, and two rack teeth are respectively disposed on two sides of the transmission rod.
5. The fiber optic stitch meter of claim 2, wherein the transmission further comprises a first spring and a second spring, the first spring having one end connected to the housing and the other end connected to the first slider so that the first slider has a spring force close to the second slider, the second spring having one end connected to the housing and the other end connected to the second slider so that the second slider has a spring force close to the first slider, and the housing having a stopper portion, one end of the stopper portion abutting the first slider and the other end abutting the second slider so as to establish a minimum separation distance between the first slider and the second slider.
6. The fiber optic joint meter of claim 1, wherein a first connecting seat is formed at one end of the sliding rod, a second connecting seat is formed on the housing, and the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are respectively fixed at two ends of a crack to be measured.
7. The fiber optic joint meter of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third optical fibers are connected end-to-end in sequence.
8. The fiber optic joint meter of claim 1, wherein the housing defines a guide hole, and the slide bar is slidably disposed in the guide hole.
9. A method of measuring a gap based on the optical fiber gap meter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
s1, acquiring a first optical fiber strain;
s2, calculating the deformation quantity of the first optical fiber according to the original length of the first optical fiber and the strain of the first optical fiber;
s3, calculating the deformation amount of the crack to be measured according to the transmission ratio of the transmission assembly and the deformation amount of the first optical fiber;
s4, judging whether the crack to be detected is reduced or enlarged according to the strain quantities of the second optical fiber and the third optical fiber;
and S5, acquiring the deformation quantity of the opening and closing of the crack to be detected.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein step S4 comprises:
s41, respectively acquiring strain quantities of a second optical fiber and a third optical fiber;
and S42, if the second optical fiber has a strain and the third optical fiber has no strain, expanding the crack to be measured, and if the second optical fiber has no strain and the third optical fiber has a strain, reducing the crack to be measured.
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