CN113758158B - Microwave vacuum freeze-drying device - Google Patents
Microwave vacuum freeze-drying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113758158B CN113758158B CN202111120229.5A CN202111120229A CN113758158B CN 113758158 B CN113758158 B CN 113758158B CN 202111120229 A CN202111120229 A CN 202111120229A CN 113758158 B CN113758158 B CN 113758158B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/048—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum in combination with heat developed by electro-magnetic means, e.g. microwave energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave vacuum freeze-drying device, belonging to the technical field of microwave application.A drying chamber is communicated with a cold trap through a water-gas channel; the cold trap is connected with a vacuumizing device through a pipeline; the drying bin is communicated with the front transition bin through a drying inlet, and the drying bin is communicated with the rear transition bin through a drying outlet; the drying inlet is provided with a first electric control door for controlling the opening and the closing of the drying inlet; the drying outlet is provided with a second electric control door for controlling the opening and the closing of the drying outlet; a material conveying device is arranged in the drying bin; the front transition bin is provided with a material inlet; a third door is arranged on the material inlet; a material outlet is arranged on the rear transition bin; a fourth door is arranged on the material outlet; the front transition bin and the rear transition bin are respectively connected with a vacuumizing device through pipelines. The microwave vacuum freeze-drying device can sublimate the moisture in the frozen material to be dried to realize rapid drying of the material, the material is dried uniformly, the component loss is less, the shape is kept well, and continuous batch treatment can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave application, and particularly relates to a microwave vacuum freeze-drying device.
Background
Vacuum freeze drying is a process of making most of water in the material pass through freezing and forming into ice, then providing low-temperature heat source, under the vacuum state making the ice directly sublimate into water vapour so as to dehydrate and dry the material. The existing vacuum freeze-drying device generally adopts the modes of hot air circulation, steam heating, electric heating and the like to heat and dry materials, but the heating and drying modes are that the materials are firstly dried from the surfaces of the materials and then are gradually dried inwards, so the surfaces of the materials are easily burnt and are not uniformly dried.
The prior art also uses microwaves to dry the frozen material. The microwave vacuum freeze drying is a new technology which combines the high-efficiency microwave radiation heating technology and the vacuum freeze drying technology and has great application value. Microwave vacuum freeze drying is to radiate the material to be dried in frozen state with microwave, and under the action of high-frequency alternating electromagnetic wave, the water molecules in the material vibrate and rub against each other, so as to convert electromagnetic energy into sublimation latent heat required by water sublimation in the material. The microwave vacuum freeze drying mechanism is that water vapor sublimated is captured by a cold trap, non-condensable gas is pumped out by a vacuum pump, a refrigeration system and a vacuum system are matched to act to maintain a vacuum state required by sublimation in a drying bin, namely 30-100 Pa, the microwave system provides sublimation latent heat required by ice crystal sublimation, and ice crystal formed after water in the material is prefrozen is ensured to be continuously sublimated.
The uniformity of microwave heating affects the drying speed of the material and the uniformity of the quality of the dried finished product. The microwave has one surface which is uniformly heated and one surface which is not uniformly heated. The former is reflected in that for a single material, the microwave is integrally heated, the problem of gradual temperature rise from the outside to the inside does not exist, and the heating uniformity is better. However, if the material is of a large size or the material layer thickness is large, e.g. exceeds the penetration depth, there is a problem of uneven energy distribution within the individual material or over the material layer thickness. In addition, microwave energy is incident and reflected in the drying chamber, and the problem of nonuniform microwave energy distribution exists.
The existing equipment generally places the materials in a static state in a microwave drying bin, so that continuous processing cannot be realized, and microwave leakage and vacuum state damage of the drying bin can be caused due to continuous input and output of the materials in the microwave drying bin, so that the drying of the subsequent materials is influenced. But the single material drying treatment capacity is too small to meet the industrial requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microwave vacuum freeze-drying device aiming at the defects, and aims to solve the problems that the existing microwave vacuum freeze-drying device is insufficient in uniformity and cannot perform continuous batch processing on frozen materials in a heating and drying mode. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the microwave vacuum freeze-drying device comprises a drying bin 1, a front transition bin 2, a rear transition bin 3, a microwave input device 4, a material conveying device, a material storage device, a water-air channel 5, a cold trap 6 and a vacuumizing device 7; the drying bin 1 is communicated with a cold trap 6 through a water-gas channel 5; the cold trap 6 is connected with a vacuumizing device 7 through a pipeline; a drying inlet 8 and a drying outlet 9 are arranged on the drying bin 1; the drying bin 1 is communicated with the front transition bin 2 through a drying inlet 8, and the drying bin 1 is communicated with the rear transition bin 3 through a drying outlet 9; the drying inlet 8 is provided with a first electric control door 10 for controlling the opening and closing of the drying inlet 8; a second electric control door 11 for controlling the opening and closing of the drying outlet 9 is arranged on the drying outlet 9; a material conveying device is arranged in the drying bin 1; the material conveying device is used for conveying the material storage device from the drying inlet 8 to the drying outlet 9; the front transition bin 2 is provided with a material inlet 12; a third door 13 is arranged on the material inlet 12; a material outlet 14 is arranged on the rear transition bin 3; a fourth door 37 is arranged on the material outlet 14; the microwave input device 4 is used for inputting microwaves into the drying bin 1; the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 are respectively connected with a vacuumizing device 7 through pipelines. According to the structure, the drying bin 1 is a place for performing microwave vacuum drying on frozen materials; the front transition bin 2 is a place where the materials are transited before being dried in the drying bin 1; the post-transition bin 3 is a place where the materials are in transition after being dried in the drying bin 1; the microwave input device 4 is used for inputting microwaves into the drying bin 1, providing sublimation latent heat required by ice crystal sublimation for frozen materials in the drying bin 1 and ensuring that ice crystals formed after water in the materials is pre-frozen are continuously sublimated; the material conveying device is used for conveying the material storage devices from the drying inlet 8 to the drying outlet 9, so that the material storage devices are driven by the material conveying device to continuously pass through the drying bin 1 to continuously dry batch materials; the material conveying device is used for storing materials and is made of a microwave-transparent material, and microwaves in the drying bin 1 penetrate through the material conveying device to dry the stored materials; microwave transparent materials such as glass or ceramic non-metallic wave transparent materials are well known; microwave shielding materials such as metal materials; the material conveying device is provided with a vent hole, so that the separation of the incoming water vapor is facilitated; the water vapor channel 5 allows water vapor to freely pass through and is captured by the cold trap 6; a microwave shielding structure is arranged in the water-gas channel 5 to prevent microwaves from entering the cold trap 6; the cold trap 6 is used for capturing water vapor; the vacuumizing device 7 consists of a roots pump and a vacuum pump, and can also suck a small amount of water vapor during vacuum pumping; the third door 13, the first electric control door 10, the second electric control door 11 and the fourth door 37 have the functions of sealing and shielding microwaves; the working principle of continuous drying of materials is as follows: the microwave input device 4 starts to work, microwaves are input into the drying bin 1, the cold trap 6 works, water vapor in the drying bin 1 is captured, the vacuumizing device 7 works, the drying bin 1 is vacuumized, the third door 13 closes the material inlet 12, the first electric control door 10 closes the drying inlet 8, the second electric control door 11 closes the drying outlet 9, and the fourth door 37 closes the material outlet 14; opening a third door 13, putting a material storage device for storing frozen materials into the front transition bin 2 from a material inlet 12, then closing the material inlet 12 by the third door 13, vacuumizing the front transition bin 2 by a vacuumizing device 7, opening a drying inlet 8 by a first electric control door 10, enabling the material storage device to enter a material conveying device in the drying bin 1 from the drying inlet 8, closing the drying inlet 8 by the first electric control door 10, conveying the material storage device to a drying outlet 9 from the drying inlet 8 by the material conveying device, vacuumizing the rear transition bin 3 by the vacuumizing device 7, opening a drying outlet 9 by a second electric control door 11, enabling the material storage device to enter the rear transition bin 3 from the drying outlet 9, closing the drying outlet 9 by the second electric control door 11, opening a material outlet 14 by a fourth door 37, taking the material storage device for storing the dried materials out from the rear transition bin 3 from the material outlet 14, the fourth door 37 closes the material outlet 14; when a plurality of continuous material storage devices pass in and out of the drying bin 1, the third door 13, the first electric control door 10, the second electric control door 11 and the fourth door 37 are controlled by the controller, so that the drying bin 1 is kept in a vacuum state constantly, microwaves cannot be leaked, and continuous and automatic drying of materials can be realized. The front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 can be provided with vent valves; before the third door 13 opens the material inlet 12 or the fourth door 37 opens the material outlet 14, the vent valve is opened, so that the front transition bin 2 or the rear transition bin 3 inputs air, and the third door 13 can smoothly open the material inlet 12 or the fourth door 37 can smoothly open the material outlet 14.
Further, the third door 13 and the fourth door 37 are both electrically controlled doors; a first control valve 38 is arranged on a pipeline of the front transition bin 2 connected with the vacuumizing device 7; a second control valve 39 is arranged on a pipeline of the rear transition bin 3 connected with the vacuumizing device 7; a first conveying device 40 is arranged in the front transition bin 2; the first conveying device 40 is used for conveying the material storage device from the material inlet 12 to the drying inlet 8; a second conveying device 41 is arranged in the rear transition bin 3; the second conveyor 41 is used to transport the material storage means from the drying outlet 9 to the material outlet 14. According to the structure, the third door 13 and the fourth door 37 are both electric control doors and can be automatically controlled by a controller; the first control valve 38 is opened, and the vacuumizing device 7 vacuumizes the front transition bin 2; the second control valve 39 is opened, and the vacuumizing device 7 vacuumizes the rear transition bin 3; the first control valve 38 and the second control valve 39 may be automatically controlled by a controller; the first conveying device 40 and the second conveying device 41 can adopt a common conveyor or adopt the same principle structure of a material conveying device.
Further, a first microwave shielding plate 15 is arranged in the water gas channel 5; the first microwave shielding plate 15 is provided with a plurality of airflow holes. With the above structure, the first microwave shielding plate 15 prevents the microwaves from entering the cold trap 6 from the water gas channel 5; the plurality of airflow holes facilitate the water vapor to pass through the first microwave shielding plate 15 and be captured by the cold trap 6.
Further, a second microwave shielding plate 16 is arranged in the water gas channel 5; a plurality of airflow holes are formed in the second microwave shielding plate 16; the first microwave shielding plate 15 is positioned at the outlet of the water gas channel 5; the second microwave shielding plate 16 is positioned at the inlet of the water-gas channel 5 and controls the opening and closing of the water-gas channel 5 through a second driving motor; a spacing space is arranged between the first microwave shielding plate 15 and the second microwave shielding plate 16. With the above structure, the second microwave shielding plate 16 prevents the microwaves from entering the cold trap 6 from the water gas channel 5; a plurality of gas flow holes facilitate the passage of water vapor through the second microwave shield 16 for capture by the cold trap 6. The second driving motor can drive the second microwave shielding plate 16 to turn over, so that the second microwave shielding plate 16 opens or closes the water-gas channel 5; when the first electric control door 10 closes the drying inlet 8 and the second electric control door 11 closes the drying outlet 9, the second microwave shielding plate 16 opens the water-gas channel 5; when the first electric control door 10 opens the drying inlet 8, the drying bin 1 is communicated with the front transition bin 2, the microwave reflection space is enlarged, and the microwave energy density is reduced, so that the water gas channel 5 is closed by the second microwave shielding plate 16, the microwave reflection space is reduced, the condition that the microwave energy density is reduced is improved, and the condition that the microwave energy density changes to dry materials unevenly is avoided; the second electric control door 11 opens the drying outlet 9, the drying bin 1 is communicated with the rear transition bin 3, the microwave reflection space is enlarged, and the microwave energy density is reduced, so that the water gas channel 5 is closed by the second microwave shielding plate 16, the microwave reflection space is reduced, the condition that the microwave energy density is reduced is improved, and the condition that the microwave density changes to produce uneven drying on materials is avoided. The space plays a role in adjusting the microwave energy density, so that the materials are heated and dried more uniformly.
Further, the microwave input device 4 comprises a microwave source 17, a microwave generator 18, a waveguide 19, a coaxial line 20, three delivery ends 21 and a driving device; the microwave source 17 is used for supplying power to the microwave generator 18; the microwave generator 18 is used for inputting microwaves to the waveguide 19; the said coaxial line 20 is used to convey the microwaves inside the waveguide 19 to three delivery ends 21; the three conveying ends 21 are vertical and coaxial 20, and the lengths of the three conveying ends 21 are different; the three conveying ends 21 input microwaves to different directions in the drying bin 1; the driving device is used for driving the coaxial shaft 20 and the three conveying ends 21 to synchronously rotate. According to the structure, the driving device drives the coaxial conveying end 20 and the three conveying ends 21 to synchronously rotate, so that the microwaves can be input into the three conveying ends 21 in different directions, the three conveying ends 21 also play a role in stirring the microwaves, the lengths of the three conveying ends 21 are different, the microwaves in the drying bin 1 are uniformly distributed, and the influence of nonuniform microwave distribution on nonuniform drying of materials is improved.
Further, the adjacent conveying ends 21 are spaced by an included angle of 120 degrees; the driving device comprises a motor 22, a driving gear 23 and a driven gear 24; the motor 22 is used for driving the driving gear 23 to rotate; the driving gear 23 is meshed with the driven gear 24; the driven gear 24 is fixed to the shaft 20. According to the structure, the motor 22 drives the driving gear 23 to rotate, the driving gear 23 drives the driven gear 24 to rotate, the driven gear 24 drives the shaft 20 to rotate, and the shaft 20 drives the three conveying ends 21 to rotate.
Further, microwave input devices 4 are arranged on the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3. According to the structure, the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 can be provided with the microwave input device 4, when the drying bin 1 is communicated with the front transition bin 2 or the drying bin 1 is communicated with the rear transition bin 3, the microwave input device 4 of the front transition bin 2 or the rear transition bin 3 works to compensate the change of the microwave energy density of the drying bin 1 caused by space change.
Further, the material storage device is a material roller 25; the material conveying device comprises two screws 26, a support 27 and a power device; two parallel and rotatable screw rods 26 are arranged on the support 27; the power device is used for driving the two screw rods 26 to rotate; the side surface of the material roller 25 leans against the two screws 26, and the side surface of the material roller 25 is provided with external threads; the two end surfaces of the material roller 25 are provided with vent holes 28; the two screws 26 are used for driving the material roller 25 to rotate and advance. Known from above-mentioned structure, power device adopts motor gear structure for example, drive two screw rods 26 and rotate, the cylinder side of material cylinder 25 leans on two screw rods 26, and the side of material cylinder 25 is equipped with the external screw thread, so two screw rods 26 can drive material cylinder 25 and do rotation and forward motion, play the transport effect to material cylinder 25 promptly, and still take animal material cylinder 25 to roll, make the interior material of material cylinder 25 constantly roll, the abundant even by microwave heating drying of material, can not pile up too thick and can't radiate because of the material, cause unable dry problem. The vent holes 28 facilitate the removal of water vapor separated from the material drum 25.
Further, the material storage device is a material roller 25; the material conveying device comprises two polished rods 29, a support 27 and a conveying belt 30; two parallel polish rods 29 are arranged on the support 27; the side of the material roller 25 is against the two polish rods 29; the two end surfaces of the material roller 25 are provided with vent holes 28; the running direction of the conveyer belt 30 and the extending direction of the two polish rods 29 form an acute angle; the conveyer belt 30 is used for driving the material roller 25 to rotate and advance. According to the structure, the running direction of the conveying belt 30 and the included angle between the extending directions of the two polished rods 29 form an acute angle, so that the conveying belt 30 can drive the material roller 25 to rotate and advance, namely, the material roller 25 is conveyed, and the material roller 25 is also driven to roll, so that the materials in the material roller 25 continuously roll, the materials are sufficiently and uniformly heated and dried by microwave, and the problem of incapability of drying due to the fact that the materials cannot be radiated because the materials are stacked too thickly is solved. The vent holes 28 facilitate the removal of water vapor separated from the material drum 25.
Further, the device also comprises a controller; a plurality of moderators 31 are spirally arranged on the drying bin 1; the moderator 31 comprises an electric telescopic rod 32, a cylinder 33 and a sliding plate 34; the cylinder body 33 is fixed on the outer wall of the drying bin 1; a sliding plate 34 is arranged in the cylinder body 33, and the sliding plate 34 divides the inside of the cylinder body 33 into a first cavity 35 and a second cavity 36; the second cavity 36 is communicated with the drying bin 1; the electric telescopic rod 32 is used for driving the sliding plate 34 to move and adjusting the proportion of the first cavity 35 and the second cavity 36; the electric telescopic rod 32 is electrically connected with the controller. According to the structure, the sliding plate 34 is a metal plate, the electric telescopic rod 32 is used for driving the sliding plate 34 to move, the proportion of the first cavity 35 and the second cavity 36 is adjusted, and when the space of the second cavity 36 changes, the electric field distribution in the drying chamber 1 changes. The plurality of conditioners 31 are spirally arranged on the drying bin 1, the controller controls the plurality of conditioners 31 to work, and the working state of the conditioners 31 is selected according to a test, so that the drying bin 1 is always in the optimal electric field distribution state, and the uniform and efficient drying of the materials is ensured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a microwave vacuum freeze-drying device, belonging to the technical field of microwave application.A drying chamber is communicated with a cold trap through a water-gas channel; the cold trap is connected with a vacuumizing device through a pipeline; the drying bin is communicated with the front transition bin through a drying inlet, and the drying bin is communicated with the rear transition bin through a drying outlet; the drying inlet is provided with a first electric control door for controlling the opening and the closing of the drying inlet; the drying outlet is provided with a second electric control door for controlling the opening and the closing of the drying outlet; a material conveying device is arranged in the drying bin; the front transition bin is provided with a material inlet; a third door is arranged on the material inlet; a material outlet is arranged on the rear transition bin; a fourth door is arranged on the material outlet; the front transition bin and the rear transition bin are respectively connected with a vacuumizing device through pipelines. The microwave vacuum freeze-drying device can sublimate the moisture in the frozen material to be dried to realize rapid drying of the material, the material is dried uniformly, the component loss is less, the shape is kept well, and continuous batch treatment can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of a microwave vacuum freeze-drying device using a screw according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave input device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the three delivery ends of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the material roller configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cut-away structure of the moderator of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the microwave vacuum freeze-drying device using a polished rod according to the present invention;
in the drawings: 1-drying bin, 2-front transition bin, 3-rear transition bin, 4-microwave input device, 5-water-gas channel, 6-cold trap, 7-vacuumizing device, 8-drying inlet, 9-drying outlet, 10-first electric control door, 11-second electric control door, 12-material inlet, 13-third door, 14-material outlet, 15-first microwave shielding plate, 16-second microwave shielding plate, 17-microwave source, 18-microwave generator, 19-waveguide, 20-coaxial, 21-conveying end, 22-motor, 23-driving gear, 24-driven gear, 25-material roller, 26-screw rod, 27-support, 28-vent hole, 29-polished rod, 30-conveying belt, 31-a regulator, 32-an electric telescopic rod, 33-a barrel, 34-a sliding plate, 35-a first cavity, 36-a second cavity, 37-a fourth door, 38-a first control valve, 39-a second control valve, 40-a first conveying device and 41-a second conveying device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
see fig. 1 or 6. The microwave vacuum freeze-drying device comprises a drying bin 1, a front transition bin 2, a rear transition bin 3, a microwave input device 4, a material conveying device, a material storage device, a water-air channel 5, a cold trap 6 and a vacuumizing device 7; the drying bin 1 is communicated with a cold trap 6 through a water-gas channel 5; the cold trap 6 is connected with a vacuumizing device 7 through a pipeline; a drying inlet 8 and a drying outlet 9 are arranged on the drying bin 1; the drying bin 1 is communicated with the front transition bin 2 through a drying inlet 8, and the drying bin 1 is communicated with the rear transition bin 3 through a drying outlet 9; the drying inlet 8 is provided with a first electric control door 10 for controlling the opening and closing of the drying inlet 8; a second electric control door 11 for controlling the opening and closing of the drying outlet 9 is arranged on the drying outlet 9; a material conveying device is arranged in the drying bin 1; the material conveying device is used for conveying the material storage device from the drying inlet 8 to the drying outlet 9; the front transition bin 2 is provided with a material inlet 12; a third door 13 is arranged on the material inlet 12; a material outlet 14 is arranged on the rear transition bin 3; a fourth door 37 is arranged on the material outlet 14; the microwave input device 4 is used for inputting microwaves into the drying bin 1; the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 are respectively connected with a vacuumizing device 7 through pipelines. According to the structure, the drying bin 1 is a place for performing microwave vacuum drying on frozen materials; the front transition bin 2 is a place where the materials are transited before being dried in the drying bin 1; the post-transition bin 3 is a place where the materials are in transition after being dried in the drying bin 1; the microwave input device 4 is used for inputting microwaves into the drying bin 1, providing sublimation latent heat required by ice crystal sublimation for frozen materials in the drying bin 1 and ensuring that ice crystals formed after water in the materials is pre-frozen are continuously sublimated; the material conveying device is used for conveying the material storage devices from the drying inlet 8 to the drying outlet 9, so that the material storage devices are driven by the material conveying device to continuously pass through the drying bin 1 to continuously dry batch materials; the material conveying device is used for storing materials and is made of a microwave-transparent material, and microwaves in the drying bin 1 penetrate through the material conveying device to dry the stored materials; microwave transparent materials such as glass or ceramic non-metallic wave transparent materials are well known; microwave shielding materials such as metal materials; the material conveying device is provided with a vent hole, so that the separation of the incoming water vapor is facilitated; the water vapor channel 5 allows water vapor to freely pass through and is captured by the cold trap 6; a microwave shielding structure is arranged in the water-gas channel 5 to prevent microwaves from entering the cold trap 6; the cold trap 6 is used for capturing water vapor; the vacuumizing device 7 consists of a roots pump and a vacuum pump, and can also suck a small amount of water vapor during vacuum pumping; the third door 13, the first electric control door 10, the second electric control door 11 and the fourth door 37 have the functions of sealing and shielding microwaves; the working principle of continuous drying of materials is as follows: the microwave input device 4 starts to work, microwaves are input into the drying bin 1, the cold trap 6 works, water vapor in the drying bin 1 is captured, the vacuumizing device 7 works, the drying bin 1 is vacuumized, the third door 13 closes the material inlet 12, the first electric control door 10 closes the drying inlet 8, the second electric control door 11 closes the drying outlet 9, and the fourth door 37 closes the material outlet 14; opening a third door 13, putting a material storage device for storing frozen materials into the front transition bin 2 from a material inlet 12, then closing the material inlet 12 by the third door 13, vacuumizing the front transition bin 2 by a vacuumizing device 7, opening a drying inlet 8 by a first electric control door 10, enabling the material storage device to enter a material conveying device in the drying bin 1 from the drying inlet 8, closing the drying inlet 8 by the first electric control door 10, conveying the material storage device to a drying outlet 9 from the drying inlet 8 by the material conveying device, vacuumizing the rear transition bin 3 by the vacuumizing device 7, opening a drying outlet 9 by a second electric control door 11, enabling the material storage device to enter the rear transition bin 3 from the drying outlet 9, closing the drying outlet 9 by the second electric control door 11, opening a material outlet 14 by a fourth door 37, taking the material storage device for storing the dried materials out from the rear transition bin 3 from the material outlet 14, the fourth door 37 closes the material outlet 14; when a plurality of continuous material storage devices pass in and out of the drying bin 1, the third door 13, the first electric control door 10, the second electric control door 11 and the fourth door 37 are controlled by the controller, so that the drying bin 1 is kept in a vacuum state constantly, microwaves cannot be leaked, and continuous and automatic drying of materials can be realized. The front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 can be provided with vent valves; before the third door 13 opens the material inlet 12 or the fourth door 37 opens the material outlet 14, the vent valve is opened, so that the front transition bin 2 or the rear transition bin 3 inputs air, and the third door 13 can smoothly open the material inlet 12 or the fourth door 37 can smoothly open the material outlet 14.
Example two:
see figures 1-4. On the basis of the first embodiment, the third door 13 and the fourth door 37 are both electrically controlled doors; a first control valve 38 is arranged on a pipeline of the front transition bin 2 connected with the vacuumizing device 7; a second control valve 39 is arranged on a pipeline of the rear transition bin 3 connected with the vacuumizing device 7; a first conveying device 40 is arranged in the front transition bin 2; the first conveying device 40 is used for conveying the material storage device from the material inlet 12 to the drying inlet 8; a second conveying device 41 is arranged in the rear transition bin 3; the second conveyor 41 is used to transport the material storage means from the drying outlet 9 to the material outlet 14. According to the structure, the third door 13 and the fourth door 37 are both electric control doors and can be automatically controlled by a controller; the first control valve 38 is opened, and the vacuumizing device 7 vacuumizes the front transition bin 2; the second control valve 39 is opened, and the vacuumizing device 7 vacuumizes the rear transition bin 3; the first control valve 38 and the second control valve 39 may be automatically controlled by a controller; the first conveying device 40 and the second conveying device 41 can adopt a common conveyor or adopt the same principle structure of a material conveying device.
A first microwave shielding plate 15 is arranged in the water gas channel 5; the first microwave shielding plate 15 is provided with a plurality of airflow holes. With the above structure, the first microwave shielding plate 15 prevents the microwaves from entering the cold trap 6 from the water gas channel 5; the plurality of airflow holes facilitate the water vapor to pass through the first microwave shielding plate 15 and be captured by the cold trap 6.
The microwave input device 4 comprises a microwave source 17, a microwave generator 18, a waveguide 19, a coaxial line 20, three conveying ends 21 and a driving device; the microwave source 17 is used for supplying power to the microwave generator 18; the microwave generator 18 is used for inputting microwaves to the waveguide 19; the said coaxial line 20 is used to convey the microwaves inside the waveguide 19 to three delivery ends 21; the three conveying ends 21 are vertical and coaxial 20, and the lengths of the three conveying ends 21 are different; the three conveying ends 21 input microwaves to different directions in the drying bin 1; the driving device is used for driving the coaxial shaft 20 and the three conveying ends 21 to synchronously rotate. According to the structure, the driving device drives the coaxial conveying end 20 and the three conveying ends 21 to synchronously rotate, so that the microwaves can be input into the three conveying ends 21 in different directions, the three conveying ends 21 also play a role in stirring the microwaves, the lengths of the three conveying ends 21 are different, the microwaves in the drying bin 1 are uniformly distributed, and the influence of nonuniform microwave distribution on nonuniform drying of materials is improved.
The adjacent conveying ends 21 are spaced by an included angle of 120 degrees; the driving device comprises a motor 22, a driving gear 23 and a driven gear 24; the motor 22 is used for driving the driving gear 23 to rotate; the driving gear 23 is meshed with the driven gear 24; the driven gear 24 is fixed to the shaft 20. According to the structure, the motor 22 drives the driving gear 23 to rotate, the driving gear 23 drives the driven gear 24 to rotate, the driven gear 24 drives the shaft 20 to rotate, and the shaft 20 drives the three conveying ends 21 to rotate.
The material storage device is a material roller 25; the material conveying device comprises two screws 26, a support 27 and a power device; two parallel and rotatable screw rods 26 are arranged on the support 27; the power device is used for driving the two screw rods 26 to rotate; the side surface of the material roller 25 leans against the two screws 26, and the side surface of the material roller 25 is provided with external threads; the two end surfaces of the material roller 25 are provided with vent holes 28; the two screws 26 are used for driving the material roller 25 to rotate and advance. Known from above-mentioned structure, power device adopts motor gear structure for example, drive two screw rods 26 and rotate, the cylinder side of material cylinder 25 leans on two screw rods 26, and the side of material cylinder 25 is equipped with the external screw thread, so two screw rods 26 can drive material cylinder 25 and do rotation and forward motion, play the transport effect to material cylinder 25 promptly, and still take animal material cylinder 25 to roll, make the interior material of material cylinder 25 constantly roll, the abundant even by microwave heating drying of material, can not pile up too thick and can't radiate because of the material, cause unable dry problem. The vent holes 28 facilitate the removal of water vapor separated from the material drum 25.
Example three:
see figures 2-6. On the basis of the first embodiment, the third door 13 and the fourth door 37 are both electrically controlled doors; a first control valve 38 is arranged on a pipeline of the front transition bin 2 connected with the vacuumizing device 7; a second control valve 39 is arranged on a pipeline of the rear transition bin 3 connected with the vacuumizing device 7; a first conveying device 40 is arranged in the front transition bin 2; the first conveying device 40 is used for conveying the material storage device from the material inlet 12 to the drying inlet 8; a second conveying device 41 is arranged in the rear transition bin 3; the second conveyor 41 is used to transport the material storage means from the drying outlet 9 to the material outlet 14. According to the structure, the third door 13 and the fourth door 37 are both electric control doors and can be automatically controlled by a controller; the first control valve 38 is opened, and the vacuumizing device 7 vacuumizes the front transition bin 2; the second control valve 39 is opened, and the vacuumizing device 7 vacuumizes the rear transition bin 3; the first control valve 38 and the second control valve 39 may be automatically controlled by a controller; the first conveying device 40 and the second conveying device 41 can adopt a common conveyor or adopt the same principle structure of a material conveying device.
A first microwave shielding plate 15 is arranged in the water gas channel 5; the first microwave shielding plate 15 is provided with a plurality of airflow holes. With the above structure, the first microwave shielding plate 15 prevents the microwaves from entering the cold trap 6 from the water gas channel 5; the plurality of airflow holes facilitate the water vapor to pass through the first microwave shielding plate 15 and be captured by the cold trap 6.
A second microwave shielding plate 16 is arranged in the water gas channel 5; a plurality of airflow holes are formed in the second microwave shielding plate 16; the first microwave shielding plate 15 is positioned at the outlet of the water gas channel 5; the second microwave shielding plate 16 is positioned at the inlet of the water-gas channel 5 and controls the opening and closing of the water-gas channel 5 through a second driving motor; a spacing space is arranged between the first microwave shielding plate 15 and the second microwave shielding plate 16. With the above structure, the second microwave shielding plate 16 prevents the microwaves from entering the cold trap 6 from the water gas channel 5; a plurality of gas flow holes facilitate the passage of water vapor through the second microwave shield 16 for capture by the cold trap 6. The second driving motor can drive the second microwave shielding plate 16 to turn over, so that the second microwave shielding plate 16 opens or closes the water-gas channel 5; when the first electric control door 10 closes the drying inlet 8 and the second electric control door 11 closes the drying outlet 9, the second microwave shielding plate 16 opens the water-gas channel 5; when the first electric control door 10 opens the drying inlet 8, the drying bin 1 is communicated with the front transition bin 2, the microwave reflection space is enlarged, and the microwave energy density is reduced, so that the water gas channel 5 is closed by the second microwave shielding plate 16, the microwave reflection space is reduced, the condition that the microwave energy density is reduced is improved, and the condition that the microwave energy density changes to dry materials unevenly is avoided; the second electric control door 11 opens the drying outlet 9, the drying bin 1 is communicated with the rear transition bin 3, the microwave reflection space is enlarged, and the microwave energy density is reduced, so that the water gas channel 5 is closed by the second microwave shielding plate 16, the microwave reflection space is reduced, the condition that the microwave energy density is reduced is improved, and the condition that the microwave density changes to produce uneven drying on materials is avoided. The space plays a role in adjusting the microwave energy density, so that the materials are heated and dried more uniformly.
The microwave input device 4 comprises a microwave source 17, a microwave generator 18, a waveguide 19, a coaxial line 20, three conveying ends 21 and a driving device; the microwave source 17 is used for supplying power to the microwave generator 18; the microwave generator 18 is used for inputting microwaves to the waveguide 19; the said coaxial line 20 is used to convey the microwaves inside the waveguide 19 to three delivery ends 21; the three conveying ends 21 are vertical and coaxial 20, and the lengths of the three conveying ends 21 are different; the three conveying ends 21 input microwaves to different directions in the drying bin 1; the driving device is used for driving the coaxial shaft 20 and the three conveying ends 21 to synchronously rotate. According to the structure, the driving device drives the coaxial conveying end 20 and the three conveying ends 21 to synchronously rotate, so that the microwaves can be input into the three conveying ends 21 in different directions, the three conveying ends 21 also play a role in stirring the microwaves, the lengths of the three conveying ends 21 are different, the microwaves in the drying bin 1 are uniformly distributed, and the influence of nonuniform microwave distribution on nonuniform drying of materials is improved.
The adjacent conveying ends 21 are spaced by an included angle of 120 degrees; the driving device comprises a motor 22, a driving gear 23 and a driven gear 24; the motor 22 is used for driving the driving gear 23 to rotate; the driving gear 23 is meshed with the driven gear 24; the driven gear 24 is fixed to the shaft 20. According to the structure, the motor 22 drives the driving gear 23 to rotate, the driving gear 23 drives the driven gear 24 to rotate, the driven gear 24 drives the shaft 20 to rotate, and the shaft 20 drives the three conveying ends 21 to rotate.
And microwave input devices 4 are arranged on the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3. According to the structure, the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 can be provided with the microwave input device 4, when the drying bin 1 is communicated with the front transition bin 2 or the drying bin 1 is communicated with the rear transition bin 3, the microwave input device 4 of the front transition bin 2 or the rear transition bin 3 works to compensate the change of the microwave energy density of the drying bin 1 caused by space change.
The material storage device is a material roller 25; the material conveying device comprises two polished rods 29, a support 27 and a conveying belt 30; two parallel polish rods 29 are arranged on the support 27; the side of the material roller 25 is against the two polish rods 29; the two end surfaces of the material roller 25 are provided with vent holes 28; the running direction of the conveyer belt 30 and the extending direction of the two polish rods 29 form an acute angle; the conveyer belt 30 is used for driving the material roller 25 to rotate and advance. According to the structure, the running direction of the conveying belt 30 and the included angle between the extending directions of the two polished rods 29 form an acute angle, so that the conveying belt 30 can drive the material roller 25 to rotate and advance, namely, the material roller 25 is conveyed, and the material roller 25 is also driven to roll, so that the materials in the material roller 25 continuously roll, the materials are sufficiently and uniformly heated and dried by microwave, and the problem of incapability of drying due to the fact that the materials cannot be radiated because the materials are stacked too thickly is solved. The vent holes 28 facilitate the removal of water vapor separated from the material drum 25.
The device also comprises a controller; a plurality of moderators 31 are spirally arranged on the drying bin 1; the moderator 31 comprises an electric telescopic rod 32, a cylinder 33 and a sliding plate 34; the cylinder body 33 is fixed on the outer wall of the drying bin 1; a sliding plate 34 is arranged in the cylinder body 33, and the sliding plate 34 divides the inside of the cylinder body 33 into a first cavity 35 and a second cavity 36; the second cavity 36 is communicated with the drying bin 1; the electric telescopic rod 32 is used for driving the sliding plate 34 to move and adjusting the proportion of the first cavity 35 and the second cavity 36; the electric telescopic rod 32 is electrically connected with the controller. According to the structure, the sliding plate 34 is a metal plate, the electric telescopic rod 32 is used for driving the sliding plate 34 to move, the proportion of the first cavity 35 and the second cavity 36 is adjusted, and when the space of the second cavity 36 changes, the electric field distribution in the drying chamber 1 changes. The plurality of conditioners 31 are spirally arranged on the drying bin 1, the controller controls the plurality of conditioners 31 to work, and the working state of the conditioners 31 is selected according to a test, so that the drying bin 1 is always in the optimal electric field distribution state, and the uniform and efficient drying of the materials is ensured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Microwave vacuum freeze-drying device, its characterized in that: comprises a drying bin (1), a front transition bin (2), a rear transition bin (3), a microwave input device (4), a material conveying device, a material storage device, a water-gas channel (5), a cold trap (6) and a vacuumizing device (7); the drying bin (1) is communicated with the cold trap (6) through a water-gas channel (5); the cold trap (6) is connected with a vacuumizing device (7) through a pipeline; a drying inlet (8) and a drying outlet (9) are arranged on the drying bin (1); the drying bin (1) is communicated with the front transition bin (2) through a drying inlet (8), and the drying bin (1) is communicated with the rear transition bin (3) through a drying outlet (9); a first electric control door (10) for controlling the opening and closing of the drying inlet (8) is arranged on the drying inlet (8); a second electric control door (11) for controlling the opening and closing of the drying outlet (9) is arranged on the drying outlet (9); a material conveying device is arranged in the drying bin (1); the material conveying device is used for conveying the material storage device from the drying inlet (8) to the drying outlet (9); a material inlet (12) is arranged on the front transition bin (2); a third door (13) is arranged on the material inlet (12); a material outlet (14) is arranged on the rear transition bin (3); a fourth door (37) is arranged on the material outlet (14); the microwave input device (4) is used for inputting microwaves into the drying bin (1); the front transition bin (2) and the rear transition bin (3) are respectively connected with a vacuumizing device (7) through pipelines; the third door (13) and the fourth door (37) are both electric control doors; a first control valve (38) is arranged on a pipeline of the front transition bin (2) connected with the vacuumizing device (7); a second control valve (39) is arranged on a pipeline of the rear transition bin (3) connected with the vacuumizing device (7); a first conveying device (40) is arranged in the front transition bin (2); the first conveying device (40) is used for conveying the material storage device from the material inlet (12) to the drying inlet (8); a second conveying device (41) is arranged in the rear transition bin (3); the second conveying device (41) is used for conveying the material storage device from the drying outlet (9) to the material outlet (14); a first microwave shielding plate (15) is arranged in the water-gas channel (5); a plurality of airflow holes are formed in the first microwave shielding plate (15); a second microwave shielding plate (16) is arranged in the water-gas channel (5); a plurality of airflow holes are formed in the second microwave shielding plate (16); the first microwave shielding plate (15) is positioned at the outlet of the water gas channel (5); the second microwave shielding plate (16) is positioned at the inlet of the water-gas channel (5), and the opening and closing of the water-gas channel (5) are controlled by a second driving motor; a spacing space is arranged between the first microwave shielding plate (15) and the second microwave shielding plate (16); the material storage device is a material roller (25); the material conveying device comprises two screws (26), a support (27) and a power device; two parallel and rotatable screw rods (26) are arranged on the support (27); the power device is used for driving the two screw rods (26) to rotate; the side surface of the material roller (25) leans against the two screws (26), and the side surface of the material roller (25) is provided with external threads; vent holes (28) are formed in two end faces of the material roller (25); the two screws (26) are used for driving the material roller (25) to rotate and advance; the device also comprises a controller; a plurality of moderators (31) are spirally arranged on the drying bin (1); the moderator (31) comprises an electric telescopic rod (32), a cylinder body (33) and a sliding plate (34); the cylinder (33) is fixed on the outer wall of the drying bin (1); a sliding plate (34) is arranged in the cylinder body (33), and the sliding plate (34) divides the interior of the cylinder body (33) into a first cavity (35) and a second cavity (36); the second cavity (36) is communicated with the drying bin (1); the electric telescopic rod (32) is used for driving the sliding plate (34) to move and adjusting the proportion of the first cavity (35) and the second cavity (36); the electric telescopic rod (32) is electrically connected with the controller.
2. The microwave vacuum freeze-drying device of claim 1, characterized in that: the microwave input device (4) comprises a microwave source (17), a microwave generator (18), a waveguide (19), a coaxial line (20), three conveying ends (21) and a driving device; the microwave source (17) is used for supplying power to the microwave generator (18); the microwave generator (18) is used for inputting microwaves to the waveguide (19); the coaxial line (20) is used for conveying the microwaves in the waveguide (19) to three conveying ends (21); the three conveying ends (21) are vertical and coaxial (20), and the lengths of the three conveying ends (21) are different; the three conveying ends (21) input microwaves to the drying bin (1) in different directions; the driving device is used for driving the coaxial shaft (20) and the three conveying ends (21) to synchronously rotate.
3. The microwave vacuum freeze-drying device of claim 2, characterized in that: the adjacent conveying ends (21) are separated by an included angle of 120 degrees; the driving device comprises a motor (22), a driving gear (23) and a driven gear (24); the motor (22) is used for driving the driving gear (23) to rotate; the driving gear (23) is meshed with the driven gear (24); the driven gear (24) is fixed on the coaxial shaft (20).
4. The microwave vacuum freeze-drying device of claim 1, characterized in that: and microwave input devices (4) are arranged on the front transition bin (2) and the rear transition bin (3).
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