CN113756459A - Anti-knock and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection - Google Patents
Anti-knock and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN113756459A CN113756459A CN202110883661.3A CN202110883661A CN113756459A CN 113756459 A CN113756459 A CN 113756459A CN 202110883661 A CN202110883661 A CN 202110883661A CN 113756459 A CN113756459 A CN 113756459A
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/69—Polymers of conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an impact-resistant composite explosion-proof plate for protecting buildings. The anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate takes the composite damping layer as a center and consists of the composite damping layer, the polyurethane-urea damping layer and the protective substrate from inside to outside in sequence. The polyurethane-urea damping layer is obtained by reacting a component A and a component B which are equal in volume; the component A is an isocyanate prepolymer with NCO content of 20-25 wt%; the component B consists of 10-20 parts of amine chain extender, 80-90 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polyether and 0-8 parts of auxiliary agent. The composite damping layer comprises a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates with cavities and metal particles filled in the cavities. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is provided with a protruding structure with two opposite arc-shaped ends; the adjacent two layers of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite boards are mutually embedded to form an integral structure. The anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate has the advantages of reasonable structural design, simple preparation process, easiness in implementation and good energy consumption effect, so that the anti-impact and anti-explosion capabilities are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, relates to an explosion-proof plate for protecting buildings, and particularly relates to a composite explosion-proof plate capable of effectively resisting explosion shock waves.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and science, the state urbanization level is gradually improved, buildings become high-rise and dense, and the explosion prevention of the buildings gradually becomes a topic which people pay more attention to. In addition, once an explosion accident occurs in flammable and explosive environments such as nuclear power stations, power supply stations, chemical plants, ammunition depots, flour mills and the like, great harm is caused to the safety of lives and properties of people. Therefore, how to effectively protect various buildings and members from serious explosion damage and reduce life and property loss is a hot point problem to be solved at present.
The current solutions are mainly to set up building firewalls or to install explosion-proof panels on buildings. The existing firewall mostly resists the impact load of explosion through a thick concrete wall or a combined wall material, and reduces the damage of explosion shock waves to a main body structure by utilizing the mode that the material absorbs energy in the damage process. However, although the fire wall adopted at present can prevent the fire from spreading to a certain extent when an explosion accident occurs, the anti-explosion and anti-impact capabilities of the fire wall are poor, and high-speed fragments are easily generated to cause secondary damage. Meanwhile, the increase of the thickness of the wall body can lead to the overweight dead weight of the explosion-proof wall body, and the external hanging or the filling of the wall body in the frame wall easily causes the overhigh load of the main structure or produces the unfavorable eccentric action on the frame beam. In addition, the existing explosion-proof plate is generally composed of an aluminum plate and mineral wool, and although the structure is simple and the weight is light, the overall strength is poor, and the explosion impact cannot be effectively resisted.
In order to solve this problem, researchers have made certain improvements to the explosion-proof panel. The utility model discloses a "novel explosion-proof board" is disclosed to utility model 202021456331.3, explosion-proof board includes explosion-proof steel sheet and alumina ceramics backplate, explosion-proof steel sheet's top has been seted up and has been held the storehouse, holds the storehouse intussuseption and is filled with explosion-proof filler. The left side wall of the explosion-proof steel plate is fixedly connected with a calcium silicate plate, and the right side wall of the explosion-proof steel plate is fixedly connected with an alumina ceramic back plate. The silicon-calcium plate is provided with a hollow structure filled with inert gas, and the alumina ceramic back plate is bonded with a rubber pad. The utility model discloses an explosion-proof board have impact resistance good, interconnect intensity is high, explosion-proof performance advantage such as good of explosion-proof board. The utility model patent 201620612932.6 discloses an anti explosion-proof board that splits of unilateral large deformation fills the power consumption material in the cavity that the ripple steel sheet formed, sets up the wire net and constitutes wholly with the ripple steel sheet, and the anti concrete that splits of light is pour in the outside, and overall structure antiknock ability is strong, deformability is big, anti ability dynamic height. However, these technical solutions all have the problems of complex structure and complicated manufacturing steps, which are not favorable for practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the explosion-proof plate in the prior art, the invention provides an impact-resistant composite explosion-proof plate for protecting buildings. The anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate has the advantages of reasonable structural design, simple preparation process, easiness in implementation and good energy consumption effect, so that the anti-impact and anti-explosion capabilities are greatly improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for protecting buildings takes a composite damping layer as a center and consists of the composite damping layer, a polyurethane-urea damping layer and a protective base plate from inside to outside in sequence. The protective substrate is made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 13-20 mm; the polyurethane-urea damping layer is formed on the inner side of the protective substrate through a spraying process, and the thickness of the polyurethane-urea damping layer is 13-20 mm. The polyurethane-urea damping layer is obtained by reacting a component A and a component B which have equal volumes. The component A is isocyanate prepolymer with NCO content of 20-25wt%, and is prepared through the reaction of 65-80 parts of polyisocyanate with functionality of 2.0-2.5 and 20-35 parts of polyether polyol. The polyisocyanate with the functionality of 2.0-2.5 is 2,4 '-diphenyl methyl methane diisocyanate (MDI-100), polymethine polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI) and phenylene carbodiimide-uretonimine modified 4, 4' -diphenyl methyl methane diisocyanate (MDI-100)
143L); the polyether polyamine alcohol is polyether diol or polyether triol. The component B consists of 10-20 parts of amine chain extender, 80-90 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polyether and 0-8 parts of auxiliary agent. The functionality of the amine chain extender is 2-3, and specifically is diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) or aliphatic triamine (T-403); the hydroxyl-terminated polyether is hydroxyl-terminated butadiene with molecular weight of 1000 or 2000 and hydroxyl-terminated butyronitrile with molecular weight of 1000; the auxiliary agent is an antioxidant 1076 or a light stabilizer 328.
The polyurethane-urea damping layer has excellent shock resistance and plays a main protection role in the shock-resistant composite board. The polyurethane-urea damping layer is characterized in that the NCO content of the component A is increased to 20% -25% on the premise that the isocyanate index is 1.1, so that more hard segments are generated by the polyisocyanate in the component A and the amine chain extender in the component B, and the hardness of the material is increased. At the same time, the amine group (-NH) in the molecule2) Increase isocyanate group (-NCO) to form more hydrogen bonds, and enhance intermolecular force of the material, thereby greatly improving the tensile strength and tear strength of the coating and enhancingIts impact resistance. On the other hand, however, an increase in the mass fraction of the hard segment results in a deterioration in toughness and a decrease in elongation of the material. In order to solve the problem, the soft segment is generated by polyether diol and polyether triol which have low functionality and low hydroxyl value,so that the system is High elongation and good elasticity. The hydroxyl-terminated polyether in the component B is hydroxyl-terminated butadiene and hydroxyl-terminated butyronitrile with the functionality of 2, both ends of the molecular structures of the hydroxyl-terminated polyether and the hydroxyl-terminated butadiene have hydroxyl groups, and the hydroxyl-terminated polyether and isocyanate groups generate cross-linking reaction and chain extension reaction to generate soft segments. Wherein the crosslinking reaction generates a three-dimensional network structure, and compared with the common amino polyether,the interface bonding force between the hard segment and the hard segment is stronger Strong, better toughness of coating(ii) a And the chain growth reaction can lead the molecular chain of the soft segment part to be increased linearly,by growing the molecule The movement of the chain consumes impact energy and enhances the impact resistance of the coating。
The composite damping layer comprises a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates with cavities and metal particles filled in the cavities of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is of a cavity structure consisting of two layers of carbon fiber boards, the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is provided with a protruding structure only with two opposite ends being arc-shaped, and the middle part of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is of a flat structure. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is made of carbon fiber boards with the thickness of 1-2mm, the height of a cavity of a flat plate structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is 3-4mm, and the diameter of the cavity of an arc-shaped structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is 5-7 mm. The arrangement directions of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite boards in the layers and adjacent layers are the same, and the special-shaped carbon fiber composite boards in the adjacent layers are embedded into each other through the arc-shaped protruding structures to form an integral structure. The metal particles are steel balls with uniform particle size. The grain size of the steel ball is 0.8-1.0mm, and the filling rate of the steel ball in the cavity of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plate is 40% -50%. The carbon fiber composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good fatigue property, high tensile strength and high hardness of carbon fibers, and can absorb a large amount of energy through deformation when being impacted, thereby effectively resisting explosion shock waves. The metal particle chooses the steel granule for use, fills the steel granule of suitable quantity in the carbon fiber board, constitutes non-obstructive granule damping layer with special-shaped carbon fiber board, and when the structure received the explosion and strikeed, the steel granule reciprocating motion in the carbon fiber board collided with the carbon fiber board wall, also collided each other and rubbed between the steel granule simultaneously to consume a large amount of energy. The steel particles have small volume and large specific gravity, and can well play the energy consumption roles of mutual impact, friction and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the application antiknock impact-resistant composite explosion-proof plate realizes better energy consumption effect and higher strength by adopting excellent structural design and materials, thereby greatly increasing the antiknock impact resistance.
(2) The anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate has the advantages that the hard segment content of the adopted polyurethane-urea coating is high, the comprehensive mechanical property is excellent, the deformation of the structure can be restrained when the plate is impacted by explosion, the explosion shock wave can be effectively resisted, and the anti-explosion capacity is excellent.
(3) According to the anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate, the carbon fiber composite material plates of two adjacent layers are mutually embedded into a whole, so that the phenomenon that a single carbon fiber plate is damaged in advance due to violent movement under the action of explosion is avoided, explosion shock waves can be effectively transmitted in each carbon fiber composite plate, and more explosion shock energy is consumed.
(4) According to the anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate, the non-blocking particle damping layer is formed by the special-shaped carbon fiber plate 3 and the metal particles 4, the explosion impact energy is consumed by utilizing the collision and friction action among the particles and between the particles and the fiber plate, and the better energy consumption capability is obtained by adopting the steel particles with higher specific gravity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
an anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection is characterized by taking a composite damping layer as a center and sequentially consisting of the composite damping layer, a polyurethane-urea damping layer 2 and a protection base plate 1 from inside to outside. The protective substrate 1 is made of 13mm thick high-strength anti-explosion alloy; the polyurethane-urea damping layer 2 is formed on the inner side of the protective substrate 1 through a spraying process, and the thickness of the polyurethane-urea damping layer is 13 mm. The polyurethane-urea damping layer is obtained by reacting a component A and a component B which have equal volumes. The component A is an isocyanate prepolymer with the NCO content of 20 wt%, and is obtained by reacting 43.4 parts of MDI-100, 21.6 parts of PAPI and 35 parts of polyether glycol with the molecular weight of 2000. The B component consists of 10 parts DETDA, 30 parts hydroxyl-terminated butadiene (molecular weight 1000) and 60 parts hydroxyl-terminated butadiene (molecular weight 2000). In order to ensure that excellent adhesion is maintained between the polyurethane-urea damping layer and the protective substrate 1, the protective substrate 1 is subjected to surface treatment in advance, and an epoxy modified polyurethane primer is sprayed.
The composite damping layer comprises a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3 with cavities arranged therein and metal particles 4 filled in the cavities of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is of a cavity structure consisting of two layers of carbon fiber boards, the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is provided with a protruding structure with two opposite ends being arc-shaped, and the middle part is of a flat structure. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is a carbon fiber board with the thickness of 1mm, the height of a cavity of a flat plate structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 3mm, and the diameter of the cavity of an arc-shaped structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 5 mm. The arrangement directions of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite boards in the layers and adjacent layers are the same, and the special-shaped carbon fiber composite boards in the adjacent layers are embedded into each other through the arc-shaped protruding structures to form an integral structure. The metal particles 4 are steel balls with the particle size of 0.8mm, and the filling rate of the steel balls in the cavity of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plate 3 is 50%.
Example 2:
different from the embodiment 1, the anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection adopts the high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 20mm as the protection substrate 1; the polyurethane-urea damping layer 2 is formed on the inner side of the protective substrate 1 by a spraying process, and the polyurethane-The thickness of the urea damping layer was 20 mm. The component A is isocyanate prepolymer with NCO content of 25wt%, and consists of MDI-100 in 53.3 weight portions and MDI-26.7 weight portions
143L and 20 parts of polyether triol with the molecular weight of 5000. The component B is obtained by the reaction of 20 parts of T-403, 18 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butadiene (molecular weight is 1000), 28 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butyronitrile (molecular weight is 1000) and 34 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butadiene (molecular weight is 2000).
The composite damping layer comprises a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3 with cavities arranged therein and metal particles 4 filled in the cavities of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is a carbon fiber board with the thickness of 2mm, the height of a cavity of a flat plate structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 4mm, and the diameter of the cavity of an arc-shaped structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 7 mm. The metal particles 4 are steel balls with a particle size of 1.0 mm. The filling rate of the steel ball in the cavity of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plate 3 is 50%.
Example 3:
different from the embodiment 1, the anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection adopts the high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 15mm as the protection substrate 1; the polyurethane-urea damping layer 2 is formed on the inner side of the protective substrate 1 through a spraying process, and the thickness of the polyurethane-urea damping layer is 13 mm. The component A is an isocyanate prepolymer with NCO content of 22 wt%, and is obtained by reacting 70 parts of MDI-100 and 30 parts of polyether triol. The component B consists of 13 parts of DETDA, 24.8 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butadiene with the molecular weight of 2000, 60.2 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butyronitrile with the molecular weight of 1000 and 2 parts of antioxidant 1076.
The composite damping layer comprises a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3 with cavities arranged therein and metal particles 4 filled in the cavities of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is a carbon fiber board with the thickness of 1mm, the height of a cavity of a flat plate structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 4mm, and the diameter of the cavity of an arc-shaped structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 6 mm. The metal particles 4 are steel balls with a particle size of 0.8 mm. The filling rate of the steel ball in the cavity of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plate 3 is 40%.
Example 4:
different from the embodiment 1, the anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection adopts the high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 17mm as the protection substrate 1; the polyurethane-urea damping layer 2 is formed on the inner side of the protective substrate 1 through a spraying process, and the thickness of the polyurethane-urea damping layer is 20 mm. The component A is isocyanate prepolymer with NCO content of 24 wt%, and consists of 75 parts
143L and 25 parts of polyether glycol. The component B consists of 15 parts of DETDA, 36.2 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butadiene (molecular weight of 1000), 43.8 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butadiene (molecular weight of 2000) and 5 parts of light stabilizer 328.
The composite damping layer comprises a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3 with cavities arranged therein and metal particles 4 filled in the cavities of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is a carbon fiber board with the thickness of 2mm, the height of a cavity of a flat plate structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 3mm, and the diameter of the cavity of an arc-shaped structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 6 mm. The metal particles 4 are steel balls with a particle size of 0.8 mm. The filling rate of the steel ball in the cavity of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plate 3 is 40%.
Example 5:
different from the embodiment 1, the anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate for building protection adopts the high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 18mm as the protection substrate 1; the polyurethane-urea damping layer 2 is formed on the inner side of the protective substrate 1 through a spraying process, and the thickness of the polyurethane-urea damping layer is 13 mm. The component A is an isocyanate prepolymer with 21 wt% of NCO content and is obtained by reacting 72 parts of MDI-100 and 28 parts of polyether diol. The component B comprises 10 parts of T-403, 82 parts of hydroxyl-terminated butadiene with the molecular weight of 1000, 8 parts of antioxidant 1076 and light stabilizer 328.
The composite damping layer comprises a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3 with cavities arranged therein and metal particles 4 filled in the cavities of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates 3. The special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is a carbon fiber board with the thickness of 2mm, the height of a cavity of a flat plate structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 4mm, and the diameter of the cavity of an arc-shaped structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board 3 is 5 mm. The metal particles 4 are steel balls with a particle size of 0.8 mm. The filling rate of the steel ball in the cavity of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plate 3 is 50%.
Example 6: mechanical testing of polyurethane-urea damping layer materials prepared in examples 1-5
The mechanical properties of the polyurethane-urea damping layer materials prepared in examples 1-5 were tested using a universal mechanical tester. The specific method comprises the following steps: cutting 3 dumbbell-shaped samples by using a punching machine, placing the samples for more than 2 hours under standard conditions, respectively selecting one point at two ends and the middle of each dumbbell-shaped sample, respectively measuring the thickness of the sample corresponding to each point by using a thickness gauge, taking the average value of the thicknesses as the thickness of the samples, and calculating the area of the cross section. And (3) placing the measured sample between clamps of a universal testing machine, wherein the gauge length between the clamps is 60mm, stretching the test piece to break at a stretching speed of 500mm/min, recording the tensile strength, the tearing strength and the elongation at break of the test piece, and taking the average value of the strength of 3 test samples as a standard.
The test results for the polyurethane-urea damping layer materials prepared in examples 1-5 are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the polyurethane-urea damping layer material has a tensile strength of 14.01-17.34MPa, an elongation at break of 189.99-243.12% and a tear strength of 65.32-71.30 kN/m. The invention patent 201510925143.8 discloses a polyurethane-urea damping layer material for subway tunnels, which adopts intercalated graphite filler, the tensile strength of the polyurethane-urea material is increased to 8-12MPa, the elongation at break is increased to 500-600%, and the tear strength is increased to 50-60 kN/m. Compared with the prior art, the polyurethane-urea material has the advantages that the elongation at break is reduced (the toughness is reduced), but the preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the tensile strength is improved by 44.5-75.1%, the tear strength is improved by 18.8-30.6%, the strength is greatly increased, and the requirement of the explosion-proof plate on the damping performance is completely met. Therefore, the polyurethane-urea damping layer materials prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 have excellent mechanical properties, can restrain the deformation of the structure, effectively resist the explosion impact load, and obviously improve the anti-explosion capability of the anti-explosion plate.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of polyurethane-urea damping layer materials prepared in examples 1-5
Example 7: performance testing of the antiknock and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panels prepared in examples 1 to 5
The composite explosion-proof panel prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present application and the conventional explosion-proof panel (consisting of an aluminum plate and mineral wool) were subjected to an explosion test, and the anti-explosion properties thereof were compared with each other by using the deformation amounts thereof as indices. The specific method comprises the following steps: the explosion test is carried out by adopting a mode of detonating by a detonator, the explosive is 10g of TNT explosive column, the distance between the geometric center of the explosive and the center of the upper surface of the explosion-proof plate is 100mm, the explosion-proof plate is fixed on a test platform by bolts, the traditional explosion-proof plate is a test piece A, the composite explosion-proof plate prepared in the embodiment 1-5 of the application is a test piece B, the deformation of the composite explosion-proof plate and the deformation of the composite explosion-proof plate are measured after explosion, and the result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 performance testing of the antiknock and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panels prepared in examples 1 to 5
As can be seen from Table 2, the conventional explosion-proof panel A and the explosion-proof panel B prepared in examples 1 to 5 did not produce a breach under the action of explosive load, but had a great difference in maximum deflection. The maximum deflection of the center of the traditional explosion-proof plate A reaches 43mm, and the bulging condition is serious. The center maximum deflection of the explosion-proof plate B prepared in the embodiment 1-5 of the application is 10-14mm, and compared with the traditional explosion-proof plate A, the maximum deflection is reduced by 67.4-76.7%. This fully demonstrates, compare with the traditional blast proof board among the prior art, the compound blast proof board that this application said has more excellent antiknock performance, can more effective blast shock wave of resisting, protects the structure, has important practical application and worth.
In conclusion, the anti-explosion and anti-impact composite explosion-proof plate has a good energy consumption effect, and greatly improves the anti-explosion and anti-impact capacity. This is because: firstly, the polyurethane-urea coating is simple to prepare and excellent in comprehensive mechanical property, and can restrain the deformation of a structure when being impacted by explosion so as to effectively resist the explosion impact wave; secondly, a non-blocking particle damping layer is formed by the special-shaped carbon fiber plate and the metal particles, so that the energy consumption capability is improved; thirdly, the adjacent two layers of carbon fiber composite plates are mutually embedded into a whole, so that the explosion shock waves are effectively transmitted in each carbon fiber composite plate, and more explosion shock energy is consumed.
Claims (8)
1. A compound explosion-proof board of antiknock impact resistance for building protection which characterized in that: the composite damping layer is taken as the center and sequentially consists of the composite damping layer, a polyurethane-urea damping layer (2) and a protective substrate (1) from inside to outside; the composite damping layer is composed of a plurality of layers of special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates (3) with cavities arranged therein and metal particles (4) filled in the cavities of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates (3); the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board (3) is of a cavity structure consisting of two layers of carbon fiber boards, only two opposite ends of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board (3) are of arc-shaped protruding structures, and the middle of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board is of a flat structure; the arrangement directions of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates in the layers and between the two adjacent layers are the same, and the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plates between the two adjacent layers are mutually embedded through the arc-shaped convex structures to form an integral structure; the metal particles (4) are steel balls with uniform particle size.
2. The blast-resistant and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panel for building protection according to claim 1, wherein: the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board (3) is made of a carbon fiber board with the thickness of 1-2mm, the height of a cavity of a flat structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board (3) is 3-4mm, and the diameter of the cavity of an arc structure of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite board (3) is 5-7 mm.
3. The blast-resistant and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panel for building protection according to claim 2, wherein: the grain diameter of the steel ball is 0.8-1.0mm, and the filling rate of the steel ball in the cavity of the special-shaped carbon fiber composite plate (3) is 40% -50%.
4. The blast-resistant and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panel for building protection according to claim 3, wherein: the polyurethane-urea damping layer is obtained by reacting a component A and a component B which have the same volume; the component A is an isocyanate prepolymer with the NCO content of 20-25wt%, and the component B is composed of 10-20 parts of amine chain extender, 80-90 parts of hydroxyl-terminated polyether and 0-8 parts of auxiliary agent.
5. The blast-resistant and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panel for building protection according to claim 4, wherein: the isocyanate prepolymer is obtained by reacting 65-80 parts of polyisocyanate with the functionality of 2.0-2.5 and 20-35 parts of polyether polyol.
6. The blast-resistant and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panel for building protection according to claim 5, wherein: in the component A, the polyisocyanate with the functionality of 2.0-2.5 is one or more of 2,4 '-diphenyl methyl methane diisocyanate, polymethine polyphenyl isocyanate and phenylene carbodiimide-uretonimine modified 4, 4' -diphenyl methyl methane diisocyanate; the polyether polyamine alcohol is polyether diol or polyether triol.
7. The blast-resistant and impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panel for building protection according to claim 4, wherein: in the component B, the functionality of the amine chain extender is 2-3, and specifically is diethyl toluene diamine or aliphatic triamine; the hydroxyl-terminated polyether is hydroxyl-terminated butadiene with molecular weight of 1000 or 2000 and hydroxyl-terminated butyronitrile with molecular weight of 1000; the auxiliary agent is an antioxidant 1076 or a light stabilizer 328.
8. The blast-resistant impact-resistant composite explosion-proof panel for building protection according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the protective substrate (1) is made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 13-20 mm; the polyurethane-urea damping layer (2) is formed on the inner side of the protective substrate (1) through a spraying process, and the thickness of the polyurethane-urea damping layer is 13-20 mm.
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| US20050144900A1 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Gerald Hallissy | Blast resistant prefabricated wall units |
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