CN107011648B - Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/02—Polyureas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/046—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with synthetic macromolecular fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/10—Polyamides derived from aromatically bound amino and carboxyl groups of amino-carboxylic acids or of polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/02—Polyureas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/10—Polyamides derived from aromatically bound amino and carboxyl groups of amino carboxylic acids or of polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/02—Polyureas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2477/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2477/10—Polyamides derived from aromatically bound amino and carboxyl groups of amino carboxylic acids or of polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
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Abstract
A Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material and a preparation method thereof relate to a Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems of low strength of a single polyurea elastomer material and material failure caused by transverse extraction of fibers when Kevlar fiber cloth is in service. The Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material takes Kevlar fiber cloth as a reinforcement body and polyurea as a matrix for combination. Firstly, preparing a polyurea elastomer; cutting fiber cloth and soaking the fiber cloth into polyurea; thirdly, vacuumizing; fourthly, paving and ageing fiber cloth; and fifthly, die casting. The fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material prepared by the invention can be used in the military field, such as bulletproof armor back plates, airplanes, missile structural materials, protective helmets and the like; the field of civil structural materials, such as building structural materials of pipelines, wallboards and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The polyurea elastomer as a high polymer material has lower density and price, and the excellent physical and chemical properties of the polyurea comprise extremely high tensile impact strength, flexibility, wear resistance, wet skid resistance, aging resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.
The American air force first applied polyurea coatings to the blast protection of buildings, and then the American Navy applied polyurea to the outer layer of high Motor multipurpose vehicle (HMMWV) armor plate in an attempt to mitigate ballistic debris and bullet hazards. Experimental research shows that the polyurea layer has a good protection effect and can remarkably enhance the penetration resistance of the armor plate to gunfire and explosive fragments. The polyurea elastomer can generate glass transition under high-speed impact, the strength modulus of the material can be greatly improved, and a large amount of energy is dissipated so as to achieve the aim of bulletproof property, and the elastic material is often used as a back plate to form a composite bulletproof structure of a steel plate/ceramic/elastic material (German leopard-2, Russian T90 tank).
Besides having good application prospect in the field of military bulletproof, polyurea is also widely applied in the field of large-scale infrastructure due to the waterproof, anticorrosion and wear-resistant properties. Such as pipeline corrosion prevention, tunnel waterproofing, bridge protection and the like.
The high-strength fiber mainly comprises carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and the like. These fibers are widely used in civil and military applications due to their ultra-high strength and modulus. Fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are also widely used due to their excellent properties.
The fiber reinforced composite material has superior performance to pure fiber and matrix. Firstly, the matrix can keep the position and direction of the fiber pairs unchanged during impact and can disperse the stress between the fibers; secondly, the existence of the matrix can protect the fiber, and avoid the reduction of the fiber performance caused by environmental factors, such as the reduction of the impact resistance of the pure fiber under the high humidity condition and the reduction of the mechanical property caused by the ultraviolet radiation photodegradation; delamination caused by matrix cracking is also an energy absorption mechanism. The impregnated aramid fiber fabric has better dynamic anti-intrusion performance. When used as lightweight ballistic or soft armor, the lower adhesion of the fibers to the matrix allows for greater deformation of the fibers, which in turn allows for greater absorption of impact energy.
The fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material laminated plate integrates the common advantages of fibers and polyurea elastomers, and the fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material laminated plate with high strength, high toughness, low density, corrosion resistance, water resistance and particularly elastomer invasion cutting resistance can be obtained through different layers and fiber volume fraction design. The method can be used in the field of large-scale infrastructure, such as pipeline corrosion prevention, tunnel water prevention, bridge protection, house explosion prevention and the like; can be used in the civil protection field, such as helmets, kneepads and other protective equipment; and the composite material can also be used in the military field, such as body armor, armor plate, airplane structure and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of low strength of a single polyurea elastomer material and material failure caused by transverse extraction of fibers when Kevlar fiber cloth is in service.
A Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material is formed by combining Kevlar fiber cloth serving as a reinforcement body and polyurea serving as a matrix, wherein the volume percentage of the fiber cloth is 50-90%; the fiber cloth is made of natural fibers or chemical fibers; the polyurea is prepared from diisocyanate and diamine.
The preparation method of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, placing diamine in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 1-6 h under the vacuum degree of 100Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain a reaction solution A; placing diisocyanate in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 1-6 h under the vacuum degree of 100Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain a reaction liquid B;
secondly, mixing the reaction liquid A and the reaction liquid B, and stirring for 2-10 min to obtain a polyurea elastomer; the molar ratio of diamine in the reaction liquid A to diisocyanate in the reaction liquid B is 1 (0.8-1.2);
thirdly, soaking Kevlar fiber cloth into the polyurea elastomer, and vacuumizing for 2-10 min to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with polyurea;
and fourthly, paving the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea in a mold layer by layer, applying pressure to the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea on the uppermost layer by using a press machine under normal pressure or vacuum atmosphere, keeping the pressure for 0.1-2 hours under the pressure of 10-100 kN when the pressure is increased to 10-100 kN, and demolding after the polyurea is solidified to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material.
The invention has the advantages that:
the preparation method is simple in preparation process, heating is not needed, and the obtained material has the characteristics of high strength and high toughness. The tensile strength of the composite material can reach 100-800 MPa, and in the service process, the polyurea and the fiber are well combined, so that the fiber is difficult to transversely pull out and is invalid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a laminate panel made using the Kevlar cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite obtained in example one;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic macroscopic view of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite obtained in example one;
FIG. 3 is a high-power microscopic morphology diagram of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite obtained in example one;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the mold;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the perforated lower base.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: in the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material, Kevlar fiber cloth is used as a reinforcement body, polyurea is used as a matrix for combination, and the volume percentage of the fiber cloth is 50-90%; the fiber cloth is made of natural fibers or chemical fibers; the polyurea is prepared from diisocyanate and diamine.
The fibers in this embodiment are well bonded to the polyurea, and the polyurea in the material is fully or partially impregnated into the individual fibers in the fiber bundle.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the Kevlar fiber cloth is in the form of one or the mixture of two of woven cloth and unidirectional cloth. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the molar ratio of the diamine to the diisocyanate is 1 (0.8-1.2). The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the molar ratio of diamine to diisocyanate is 1: 1. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the diisocyanate is one or a mixture of several of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate and modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the diamine is one or a mixture of a plurality of poly-1, 4-butanediol bis (4-aminobenzoate), amino-terminated polyoxypropylene ether and amino-terminated polyoxyethylene ether, and when the diamine is the mixture, the molecular weight of the diamine is 230-5000. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the preparation method of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material in the embodiment is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, placing diamine in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 1-6 h under the vacuum degree of 100Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain a reaction solution A; placing diisocyanate in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 1-6 h under the vacuum degree of 100Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain a reaction liquid B;
secondly, mixing the reaction liquid A and the reaction liquid B, and stirring for 2-10 min to obtain a polyurea elastomer; the molar ratio of diamine in the reaction liquid A to diisocyanate in the reaction liquid B is 1 (0.8-1.2);
thirdly, soaking Kevlar fiber cloth into the polyurea elastomer, and vacuumizing for 2-10 min to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with polyurea;
and fourthly, paving the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea in a mold layer by layer, applying pressure to the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea on the uppermost layer by using a press machine under normal pressure or vacuum atmosphere, keeping the pressure for 0.1-2 hours under the pressure of 10-100 kN when the pressure is increased to 10-100 kN, and demolding after the polyurea is solidified to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material.
In the third step of the present embodiment, the degree of vacuum of the evacuation is 1000Pa or less.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the seventh embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in that: in the step one, the diisocyanate is one or a mixture of several of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate and modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The rest is the same as the seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: seventh or eighth differences from the embodiments are: the diamine is one or a mixture of a plurality of poly-1, 4-butanediol bis (4-aminobenzoate), amino-terminated polyoxypropylene ether and amino-terminated polyoxyethylene ether, and when the diamine is the mixture, the molecular weight of the diamine is 230-5000. The others are the same as the seventh or eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the seventh to ninth embodiments in that: in the fourth step, the layer-by-layer aging mode is [0 °/22.5 ° ]]nLaying at 0/45 °]nLaying at [0 °/67.5 ° ]]nLaying at 0/90 DEG]nLaying at 0/30 DEG]nLaying at 0/60 DEG]nLaying at [ -30 °/30 ° ]]nLaying at [ -60 °/60 ° ]]nLaying at [0 °/22.5 °/45 °/67.5 °/90 ° ]]nLaying and [0 °/45 °/90 °/135 ° ]]nOne or a combination of several of the pavements. The others are the same as in one of the seventh to ninth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: this embodiment differs from one of the seventh to tenth embodiments in that: in the fourth step, the die consists of an upper pressure head 1, a die main body 2 and a lower bottom 3 with holes; the middle of the die body 2 is provided with a through hole, the lower bottom 3 of the hole is arranged at one side of the through hole, the upper pressure head 1 is pressed in from the other side, the lower bottom 3 of the hole is in interference connection with the die body 2, and the interference size is 0.01 mm-1 mm. The rest is the same as one of the seventh to tenth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode twelve: this embodiment is different from one of the seventh to eleventh embodiments in that: in the second step, the molar ratio of diamine in the reaction liquid A to diisocyanate in the reaction liquid B is 1: 1. The rest is the same as one of the seventh to eleventh embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, placing diamine in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 3 hours under the vacuum degree of 10Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain a reaction solution A; placing diisocyanate in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 3 hours under the vacuum degree of 10Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain reaction liquid B; the molar ratio of the diamine to the diisocyanate is 1;
mixing the reaction liquid A and the reaction liquid B, and stirring for 3min to obtain a polyurea elastomer;
thirdly, soaking the Kevlar woven fiber cloth into the polyurea elastomer, and vacuumizing for 3min to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with polyurea;
and fourthly, paving and ageing the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea in a mould in a [0 DEG ] n-layer paving mode, applying pressure to the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea on the uppermost layer by using a press machine under normal pressure atmosphere, keeping the pressure for 1h under the pressure of 50kN when the pressure is increased to 50kN, and demoulding after the polyurea is solidified to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a laminate panel made using the Kevlar cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite obtained in example one; FIG. 2 is a microscopic macroscopic view of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite obtained in example one; fig. 3 is a high-power microscopic morphology diagram of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite obtained in the first example. From fig. 2 and 3 it can be seen that the laminated composite is dense and that the fiber filaments bond well with the polyurea.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material is characterized in that the preparation method of the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea composite material is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, placing diamine in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 3 hours under the vacuum degree of 10Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain a reaction solution A; placing diisocyanate in a reaction bottle, and magnetically stirring for 3 hours under the vacuum degree of 10Pa until no bubbles exist to obtain reaction liquid B; the molar ratio of the diamine to the diisocyanate is 1;
mixing the reaction liquid A and the reaction liquid B, and stirring for 3min to obtain a polyurea elastomer;
thirdly, soaking the Kevlar woven fiber cloth into the polyurea elastomer, and vacuumizing for 3min to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with polyurea;
and fourthly, paving and ageing the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea in a mould in a [0 DEG ] n-layer paving mode, applying pressure to the Kevlar fiber cloth soaked with the polyurea on the uppermost layer by using a press machine under normal pressure atmosphere, keeping the pressure for 1h under the pressure of 50kN when the pressure is increased to 50kN, and demoulding after the polyurea is solidified to obtain the Kevlar fiber cloth reinforced polyurea-based composite material.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the laydown is [0 °/90 ° ]]nAnd (4) paving.
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CN110822998A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-02-21 | 郭骏 | Method for protecting equipment or equipment parts |
CN111256536B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-06-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Penetration cutting wire laying reinforced plane integral breaking type frangible cover and preparation method thereof |
CN113831822A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-12-24 | 成都上泰科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing high-performance polyurea composite material |
CN113480840A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-08 | 成都上泰科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing high-performance polyurea composite material containing reinforced fiber cloth |
CN115406307B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-01-26 | 东华大学 | Bulletproof plugboard based on oxide filament reinforced ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof |
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