CN113755719A - High-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of development of metal-based composite materials. The aluminum matrix composite material mainly comprises 3 parts, including pure aluminum matrix and silicon carbide oxide particles (SiC oxide)p) And tungsten disulfide (WS) as a solid lubricant2) In which oxygen is presentChemical SiCpContent is 10vol% to 20vol%, WS2The content of the particles is 0.5vol% to 2vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum and SiC oxidepAnd WS2The particles are uniformly dispersed in the pure aluminum matrix; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pure aluminum powder and SiC oxidepAnd WS2Performing high-energy ball milling to obtain precursor composite powder, and performing spark plasma sintering on the composite powder to obtain a block composite material with excellent performance; the composite material has high ultimate tensile strength and excellent wear resistance and friction reduction, and provides important technical reference for the field of high-strength and wear-resistant materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of development of metal-based composite materials.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of small density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and in order to further improve the frictional wear performance of the composite material, a solid lubricant (graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride or the like) is added into the aluminum-based composite material to prepare the self-lubricating metal-based composite material. However, according to the current research situation, most self-lubricating metal matrix composite materials have a large amount of solid lubricant added therein, which effectively improves the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss, but greatly increases the brittleness of the composite material, thereby promoting the strength and the elongation to be greatly reduced, and on the contrary, reducing the practicability of the composite material. Therefore, balancing the strength, elongation and frictional wear properties of the composite material, and obtaining the optimum amount of the solid lubricant to be added is a subject to be further studied in this field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material which has high strength, good elongation and excellent performanceThe wear resistance and the friction reduction are good, the comprehensive performance is excellent, and the practicability is greatly improved; the high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum-based composite material is prepared from a pure aluminum matrix and SiC oxidepAnd WS2Composition in which SiC is oxidizedpContent is 10vol% to 20vol%, WS2The content of (A) is 0.5vol% to 2vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the required content of oxidized SiCp、WS2And pure aluminum powder, and performing high-energy ball milling on the pure aluminum powder to obtain precursor composite powder.
(2) And carrying out vacuum discharge plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the block aluminum-based composite material with high strength, wear resistance and friction reduction.
Preferably, SiC is oxidized in the step (1) of the present inventionpHas a particle diameter of 500nm to 850nm and is made of SiCpIs obtained by high-temperature calcination at 1100-1400 ℃ for 3-5 h, WS2The grain diameter is 300 nm-1 μm, and the grain diameter of the pure aluminum powder is 20 μm-30 μm.
Preferably, the high-energy ball milling condition in the step (1) is 150 rpm-300 rpm, the ball-material ratio is 10: 1-20: 1, and the total duration time is 15 h-24 h.
Preferably, the sintering conditions in step (2) of the present invention are: the sintering temperature is 550-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-15 min, and the sintering pressure is 25-40 MPa.
The principle of the invention is as follows: compared with the original silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material has higher strength and more excellent wear resistance, benefits from improved interface bonding on one hand, and plays a greater role by virtue of a strengthening mechanism in the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material on the other hand; the addition of the tungsten sulfide serving as a solid lubricant can further improve the strength and obviously improve the more uniform dispersion of silicon carbide oxide particles, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the composite material is obviously improved, and the aluminum matrix composite material with uniformly dispersed reinforcement and excellent performance is obtained. When the composite material is subjected to friction, the silicon carbide oxide particles can well protect the matrix, so that the wear resistance of the material is improved, and the tungsten sulfide can form a lubricating layer to effectively separate the matrix from a wear body, so that the friction reduction of the composite material is obviously improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of high strength, good elongation and excellent frictional wear performance, through the preparation steps, the ultimate tensile strength of the prepared aluminum-based composite material can reach 320-60 MPa, the elongation can reach 7.5-9%, the friction coefficient is 0.4-0.55, and the wear loss is 0.4-1.3 mg under the experimental conditions of a load of 2N, a duration of 30min and a sliding rate of 0.15 m/s; compared with the method without adding WS under the same experimental conditions2Of oxidized SiCpThe performance of the reinforced pure aluminum matrix composite (the ultimate tensile strength is 250 MPa-285 MPa, the elongation is 9% -13%, the friction coefficient is 0.55-0.75, and the abrasion loss is 1.35 mg-1.5 mg) is greatly improved; compared with the traditional self-lubricating metal matrix composite material, the composite material provided by the invention has excellent frictional wear performance, higher strength and elongation and more excellent practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 WS2-SiCpTEM picture of microstructure of the/Al composite material;
FIG. 2 WS2-SiCpThe friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the/Al composite material are tested;
FIG. 3 WS2-SiCpEngineering tensile stress-strain curve of the/Al composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing SiC oxide with particle size of 800nmpAnd 500nm WS2Particles, and 30 mu m pure aluminum powder, SiC oxidepAnd WS2Respectively in an amount of 10vol% and 0.5vol%, with the balance being pure aluminum, the SiC oxide beingpFrom SiCpCalcining at 1100 deg.C for 5 hr.
(2) Mixing the three materials, and performing high-energy ball milling at the rotation speed of 150rpm in a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for a total duration of 15 h.
(3) Performing spark plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, wherein the sintering temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa; according to the above-mentioned process, the high-strength wear-resisting antifriction aluminium base composite material is prepared, in which SiC oxidepAnd WS2The contents are respectively 10vol% and 0.5vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.
WS prepared in this example2-SiCpThe microstructure of the/Al composite material is shown in FIG. 1, in which SiO oxide is present2And WS2The distribution is uniform; prepared WS2-SiCpThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 2, the friction coefficient is 0.55, and the wear loss is 0.4 mg; prepared WS2-SiCpThe tensile property of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 3, and the ultimate tensile strength can reach 320 MPa.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing SiC oxide with the particle size of 500nmpAnd WS of 300nm2Particles, and 20 μm pure aluminum powder, SiC oxidepAnd WS2The addition amounts of (A) and (B) are respectively 15vol% and 1.5vol%, the balance is pure aluminum, and the SiC oxide ispFrom SiCpObtained by high-temperature calcination at 1400 ℃ for 3 h.
(2) Mixing the three materials, and performing high-energy ball milling at the ball milling rotation speed of 200rpm in the ball-material ratio of 15:1 for a total duration of 20 h.
(3) And (3) performing spark plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, wherein the sintering temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa. According to the process, the high-strength, wear-resistant and antifriction aluminum base is preparedComposite material of oxidized SiCpAnd WS2The contents are respectively 10vol% and 0.5vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.
WS prepared in this example2-SiCpThe microstructure of the/Al composite material is similar to that of example 1; prepared WS2-SiCpThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is shown in FIG. 2, the friction coefficient is 0.43, and the wear loss is 1.35 mg; prepared WS2-SiCpThe tensile property of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 3, and the ultimate tensile strength can reach 330 MPa.
Example 3
A preparation method of a high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing SiC oxide with the particle size of 700nmpAnd 1 μm WS2Particles, and 25 mu m pure aluminum powder, SiC oxidepAnd WS2The addition amounts of (A) and (B) are respectively 20vol% and 1vol%, the balance is pure aluminum, and the SiC oxide ispFrom SiCpObtained by high-temperature calcination at 1300 ℃ for 4 h.
(2) Mixing the three materials, and performing high-energy ball milling at the ball milling rotation speed of 300rpm in a ball-to-material ratio of 20:1 for a total duration of 24 h.
(3) Performing spark plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, wherein the sintering temperature is 580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa; according to the above-mentioned process, the high-strength wear-resisting antifriction aluminium base composite material is prepared, in which SiC oxidepAnd WS2The contents are respectively 10vol% and 0.5vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.
WS prepared in this example2-SiCpThe microstructure of the/Al composite material is similar to that of example 1; prepared WS2-SiCpThe friction and wear performance of the/Al composite material is shown in FIG. 2, the friction coefficient is 0.53, and the wear loss is 0.73 mg; prepared WS2-SiCpThe tensile property of the/Al composite material is shown in figure 3, and the ultimate tensile strength can reach 360 MPa.
FIG. 1 shows WS obtained in example 12-SiCpTEM images of the microstructure of the/Al composite, from which it can be seen,WS2more attaches to the surface distribution of the oxidized SiC particles and thus helps promote more uniform dispersion among each other.
FIG. 2 shows WS2-SiCpThe friction coefficient and wear resistance test results of the/Al composite material can be seen from the graph, and WS is added2Later, SiC can be significantly improvedpThe friction coefficient and the amount of wear of the/Al composite material proved WS2The addition of (2) can obviously improve the friction and wear performance of the composite material.
FIG. 3 shows WS2-SiCpThe engineering tensile stress-strain curve of the/Al composite material can be seen by adding WS2Later, SiC can be significantly promotedpUltimate tensile strength of the/Al composite, proving WS2The strength of the composite material can be obviously improved by adding the (C).
Claims (5)
1. A high-strength, wear-resistant and friction-reducing aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that: the composite material comprises a pure aluminum matrix and SiC oxidepSolid lubricant WS2(ii) a Oxidized SiCpContent is 10vol% to 20vol%, WS2The content is 0.5vol% to 2vol%, and the balance is pure aluminum.
2. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the required content of oxidized SiCp、WS2Pure aluminum powder, and performing high-energy ball milling on the pure aluminum powder to obtain precursor composite powder;
(2) and carrying out vacuum discharge plasma sintering on the obtained precursor composite powder, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the block aluminum-based composite material with high strength, wear resistance and friction reduction.
3. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 2, wherein: oxidized SiCpHas a particle diameter of 500nm to 850nm and is made of SiCpCalcining at 1100-1400 ℃ for 3-5 h to obtain WS2Having a particle diameter of300nm to 1 μm, and the grain diameter of the pure aluminum powder is 20 μm to 30 μm.
4. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the high-energy ball milling condition in the step (1) is 150 rpm-300 rpm, the ball-material ratio is 10: 1-20: 1, and the total duration time is 15 h-24 h.
5. The method of preparing a high strength, wear resistant and friction reducing aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sintering conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the sintering temperature is 550-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-15 min, and the sintering pressure is 30 MPa.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63183147A (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-07-28 | Toshiba Corp | Aluminum alloy for parts contacting magnetic tape |
| CN103266242A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-28 | 西安理工大学 | Rapidly solidified aluminum matrix composite enhanced by SiCp particles, and preparation method thereof |
| CN105154705A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | SPS (spark plasma sintering) silicon-carbide-particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite and preparing method thereof |
| CN107641727A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-30 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of method that high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced Al matrix composite is prepared by high velocity compacted |
| CN109280818A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-29 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of wear resistant friction reducing aluminum matrix composite |
| CN110172617A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-27 | 同济大学 | Add the aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof of tungsten disulfide self-lubricating nano particle |
-
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- 2021-08-09 CN CN202110908375.8A patent/CN113755719B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63183147A (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-07-28 | Toshiba Corp | Aluminum alloy for parts contacting magnetic tape |
| CN103266242A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-28 | 西安理工大学 | Rapidly solidified aluminum matrix composite enhanced by SiCp particles, and preparation method thereof |
| CN105154705A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | SPS (spark plasma sintering) silicon-carbide-particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite and preparing method thereof |
| CN107641727A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-30 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of method that high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced Al matrix composite is prepared by high velocity compacted |
| CN109280818A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-29 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of wear resistant friction reducing aluminum matrix composite |
| CN110172617A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-27 | 同济大学 | Add the aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof of tungsten disulfide self-lubricating nano particle |
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