CN113751661B - Forging forming method of wingspan type stern bearing shell - Google Patents
Forging forming method of wingspan type stern bearing shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751661B CN113751661B CN202110974951.9A CN202110974951A CN113751661B CN 113751661 B CN113751661 B CN 113751661B CN 202110974951 A CN202110974951 A CN 202110974951A CN 113751661 B CN113751661 B CN 113751661B
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- blank
- anvil
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- hexagonal
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/26—Making machine elements housings or supporting parts, e.g. axle housings, engine mountings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/06—Hammers tups; Anvils; Anvil blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging forming method of a spanwise special-shaped stern bearing shell, which solves the problems of long production period, large material consumption and poor quality of the existing special-shaped bearing shell. The invention is characterized in that a steel ingot is drawn into an elliptic blank, and then the elliptic blank is subjected to blank upsetting, punching and drawing forming, wherein in the drawing forming step, a drawing core rod is matched with a flat anvil to draw the elliptic hollow blank into an unequal hexagonal blank; respectively stamping flanges at two ends of the unequal hexagonal blank by using a number printing anvil, continuously axially stretching and opening the flanges by using an stretching mandrel and a flat anvil, and then pressing the flanges from a hexagon to a circle; and forming the open-end thickness by using a V-shaped anvil, finishing the thickness direction to the process size, then leveling the anvil, finishing the open-end width direction to the process size, and finally finishing the diameters of flanges at two ends to the process size by using the leveling anvil. The method has the advantages of simple process, good adaptability, span type gear opening of the forging forming special-shaped stern bearing shell, short processing period and good forging quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging forming method, in particular to a forging forming method of a spanwise special-shaped stern bearing shell.
Background
The water lubrication bearing component for the ship adopts a round shape before, namely, a stern tube of a common model is usually reserved and then welded on the ship, the welding deformation is large, and the workload is large in the welding process of the ship. After welding, the tail pipe is required to be found, the boring is processed, the boring process is long, the cost is high, and the quality is difficult to guarantee. Severely constrains the progress and technological development of shipbuilding.
The wingspan flange installation, which is a casting in common practice, can be finished in a processing plant without welding. However, due to the fact that the defects of castings are more, impurities and a large number of dense defects are easy to generate for the alloy steel, and quality is seriously affected. In order to avoid the quality problem of castings, forgings are specially adopted.
However, practical researches show that the special-shaped bearing shell is of a flat square wingspan structure with two flange ends and an irregular wingspan section, and a conventional forge piece can only pack a wingspan special-shaped gear into a large cylinder, so that the processing amount of the later gear is particularly large, the maximum processing amount of a single side is 240mm, and the quality of the gear is poorer than that of other parts due to the large processing amount, and the service life of the product is seriously influenced. The forming method of open forging is shortened by about one month compared with the processing time of packing into a large cylinder, so the forging method of open forging seriously affects the production cycle of the product.
Therefore, by researching the forging technology of the special-shaped bearing shell, optimizing the forging forming method, greatly reducing the subsequent machining allowance, improving the material utilization rate, forging out the span type gear of the special-shaped bearing shell, and improving the quality of the gear is a development trend of manufacturing the special-shaped bearing shell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a forging forming method which is simple in process method, good in adaptability, short in processing period and good in forging quality, and can forge and form a spanwise gear of a special-shaped stern bearing shell.
The technical proposal is that a steel ingot is drawn into an elliptic blank, and then is formed by blank upsetting, punching and drawing,
wherein in the step of drawing and forming,
firstly, heating and preserving heat of the punched elliptic hollow piece, discharging the elliptic hollow piece from a furnace, and drawing the elliptic hollow piece into an unequal hexagonal piece by using an drawing core rod and a flat anvil; the long axis of the elliptic blank is used for forging the transverse diameter length of the unequal-sided hexagonal body; the cross section of the hexagonal blank is hexagonal with the transverse diameter longer than the longitudinal diameter longer;
secondly), respectively stamping flanges at two ends of the unequal hexagonal blank by using a number printing anvil; continuously drawing the gear opening six aspects along the axial direction by using the drawing core rod and matching with a flat anvil, and pressing the flange diameters at two ends from a hexagon to a circle by using the flat anvil when the distance between the opposite sides of the gear opening is pressed to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size; stopping forging blank furnace returning for heating and preserving heat when the diameter of the flange is pressed to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size;
thirdly), after heating and preserving the heat of the blank, forming the open-end thickness by using a V-shaped anvil, finishing the open-end thickness direction to the process size, then leveling the anvil, finishing the open-end width direction to the process size, and finally finishing the diameters of flanges at two ends to the process size by using the leveling anvil.
And controlling the long axis of the punched elliptical hollow member to be 200-300mm longer than the short axis.
In the first step), the hexagonal section of the obtained hexagonal blank has the characteristics that the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are equal and symmetrical, the left and right opposite sides are equal and symmetrical, and the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are unequal to the left and right opposite sides.
In the step one), the length of the obtained unequal hexagonal blank after drawing is 200-300mm longer than the longitudinal length of the unequal hexagonal blank.
The heating and heat preserving temperature in the first step and the second step) is 1250+/-20 ℃.
In the second step), only two pairs of adjacent and equal four faces are marked, the marking depth is 120-150 mm, and the two opposite faces are not marked.
In the second step), the unequal hexagonal blank is vertically placed before the number printing, the end faces of the two ends are flattened, and if the end faces are skewed in the whole drawing process, the end faces are flattened according to the method.
Aiming at the problems existing in the background technology, the inventor improves the forging method, firstly, an drawing mandrel is matched with a flat anvil to draw the elliptic hollow piece into a hexagonal blank, the cross section of the hexagonal blank is of a hexahedral shape with transverse diameter longer than longitudinal diameter longer, the long axis of the elliptic hollow blank is used for forging the transverse diameter longer of the unequal hexagonal, and the short axis of the elliptic hollow blank is used for forging the longitudinal diameter longer of the unequal hexagonal. Through preliminary drawing, conditions are created for further forging, and preferably, the transverse diameter length of the unequal-sided hexagonal body is controlled to be 200-300mm longer than the longitudinal diameter length so as to meet the requirement of irregular appearance of wing-spreading open gear; further, the gear opening after the flange is printed is divided into two steps, the drawing core rod is matched with the flat anvil to continue to draw the gear opening along the axial direction, when the diameter length of each gear opening surface is drawn to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size, the design allowance is considered to reserve a certain forming amount, and the upper V-shaped anvil and the lower V-shaped anvil are adopted to integrally finish and form the gear opening in the thickness direction once, so that the size in the thickness direction is closer to the requirement of the design size than that of the split anvil forging. The excessive allowance can cause that one anvil can not be pressed in place, and the V-shaped anvil forms the thickness direction for multiple times, so that the other two opposite feeding materials can be uneven. If the margin is too small, the finishing forming function is not realized. After the flange is initially opened and pressed out by the flat anvil, the opened thickness direction is finished to the technological dimension by using the upper and lower V-shaped anvils, and then the opened width direction is finished to the technological dimension by changing the flat anvil. And finishing and forming the diameters of flanges at two ends by using a flat anvil after finishing the gear opening. After the flange is printed out in the forging process, firstly, the gear is pressed at each time, and then the flange is pressed in the forging sequence, because the gear is in an irregular shape, the gear is pressed firstly to cause different degrees of stretching and shrinking on the diameter of the flange, and after the gear is pressed, the flange is forged and trimmed according to the stretching and shrinking condition. By adopting the operation sequence, the uniform feeding of each face of the starting gear can be ensured, the size of each direction of the starting gear can be accurately controlled, and the problem that flanges at two ends are locally pulled down is avoided. Realize the full-size control of the special-shaped stern bearing shell.
The method is simple, effectively ensures that the irregular gear opening size of the special-shaped bearing shell is closer to the design appearance, greatly improves the gear opening quality, saves a large amount of raw materials, and also greatly shortens the subsequent machining period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spanwise stern bearing housing forging;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an oval drawn blank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an oval hollow blank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a scalene hexagonal blank number stamp;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the finish forming out-of-range thickness with a V-anvil.
Wherein, 1-hole, 2-flange, 3-open gear, 4-oval blank, 5-oval hollow blank, 6-mark, 7-V-shaped anvil, 8-hexagonal blank, 9-long side, 10-short side.
Detailed Description
The process according to the invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the method comprises the steps of drawing a steel ingot into an elliptic blank 4, upsetting the blank, punching and drawing the blank to form the steel ingot, and performing the following operation steps
1) Manufacturing an elliptic hollow blank: and (3) fully preserving the temperature of the steel ingot at 1250+/-20 ℃, discharging the steel ingot, upsetting the steel ingot, drawing the upsetted steel ingot to obtain an elliptic blank 4 (see figure 2), upsetting the elliptic blank 4, punching, finishing the blank to obtain an elliptic hollow blank 5 (see figure 3), wherein the long axis of the elliptic hollow blank 5 is 200-300mm longer than the short axis.
2) Referring to fig. 4, after the oval hollow blank 5 is fully insulated at 1250+/-20 ℃, discharging, and drawing the oval hollow blank into a hexagonal blank 8 with unequal sides by adopting an drawing mandrel and a flat anvil, wherein the long axis of the oval hollow blank is used for forging the transverse radial length of the unequal sides.
The hexagonal cross section of the obtained unequal-sided hexagonal blank 8 has the characteristics that the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are equal and symmetrical, the left and right opposite sides are equal and symmetrical, and the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are unequal to the left and right opposite sides. In this embodiment, the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are longer, called long sides 9, and the left and right pairs of opposite sides are shorter, called short sides 10. In the drawn hexagonal blank, L1 is the distance between two opposite short sides (referred to as transverse radial length); l2 is the distance between the two opposite long sides (called longitudinal radial length), and L1 should be 200-300mm greater than L2.
3) As shown in fig. 4, the unequal hexagonal blank is firstly erected to form flat end faces before the number printing, so that the two end faces are kept flat, then only two pairs of adjacent and equal four faces (namely faces corresponding to the long sides 9) are marked, the depth of the number printing 6 is 120-150 mm, and the left and right opposite faces are not marked; after the flanges 2 at the two ends are printed out, the drawing mandrel is matched with the flat anvil to continue drawing the opening 3, and the drawing is still performed according to six aspects, so that the material is uniformly distributed in all directions of the opening 3, the inner hole 1 is kept circular, and the pressing amounts of three opposite surfaces are kept consistent when the drawing is performed in six aspects. When the open gear of each surface is pulled to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size, the diameters of flanges 2 at two ends are pressed from a hexagon to a circle by a flat anvil, and when the diameters of the flanges are pressed to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size, the forging blank is stopped to be returned to the furnace for heating and heat preservation;
4) Referring to fig. 5, the above-mentioned blank is fully insulated at 1250±20 ℃, and then discharged from the furnace, a V-shaped anvil 7 is used for forming the opening, the thickness direction of the opening 3 is finished to the process size once, then a flat anvil is changed to finish the width direction of the opening 3 to the process size, and finally the diameter of flanges 2 at two ends is finished to the process size by a flat anvil.
The invention adopts an extension core rod to pull an elliptic hollow blank into an unequal hexagonal body, and then the span type open gear is pulled and formed according to six aspects of a special structure. For special-shaped bearing shells with different specifications, the forging size of the blank is only required to be adjusted, and the drawing core rods with different specifications are adopted for drawing and forming. The method can ensure that the irregular gear opening size of the special-shaped bearing shell is closer to the design appearance, thereby greatly improving the gear opening quality, saving a large amount of raw materials and greatly shortening the subsequent machining period.
Claims (6)
1. A forging forming method of a wing span type special-shaped stern bearing shell is characterized in that a steel ingot is drawn into an oval blank, and then the blank is subjected to upsetting, punching and drawing forming,
wherein in the step of drawing and forming,
firstly, heating and preserving heat of the punched oval hollow blank, discharging the oval hollow blank, and drawing the oval hollow blank into an unequal hexagonal blank by using an drawing mandrel and a flat anvil; the long axis of the elliptic hollow blank is used for forging the transverse diameter length of the unequal-sided hexagonal body; the cross section of the unequal hexagonal blank is hexagonal with the transverse diameter longer than the longitudinal diameter longer;
secondly), respectively stamping flanges at two ends of the unequal hexagonal blank by using a number printing anvil; continuously drawing the six aspects of the open gear along the axial direction by using the drawing core rod and matching with a flat anvil, and when the distance between the opposite sides of the open gear is pressed to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size, pressing the flange diameters at the two ends from a hexagon to a circle by using the flat anvil; stopping forging blank furnace returning for heating and preserving heat when the diameter of the flange is pressed to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size;
thirdly), after heating and preserving the heat of the blank, forming the open-end thickness by using a V-shaped anvil, finishing the open-end thickness direction to the process size, then leveling the anvil, finishing the open-end width direction to the process size, and finally finishing the diameters of flanges at two ends to the process size by using the leveling anvil.
2. A method of forging a spanwise profiled stern bearing housing as claimed in claim 1, in which the long axis of the punched oval hollow blank is controlled to be 200-300mm longer than the short axis.
3. The forging forming method of a spanwise special-shaped stern bearing housing according to claim 1, wherein in the step one), the hexagonal cross section of the obtained unequal-sided hexagonal blank has the characteristics that the upper and lower two pairs of adjacent sides are equal and symmetrical, the left and right two pairs of opposite sides are equal and symmetrical, and the upper and lower two pairs of adjacent sides are unequal to the left and right two pairs of opposite sides.
4. A method of forging a spanwise profiled stern bearing housing as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3, wherein in step one) the length of the drawn scalene hexagonal blank is 200-300mm greater than the longitudinal length.
5. The method for forging and forming a spanwise profiled stern bearing housing according to claim 1, wherein in the second step), only four faces corresponding to two pairs of adjacent and equal sides of the unequal sided hexagonal blank are marked, and the left and right opposite faces are not marked.
6. The forging forming method of a spanwise profiled stern bearing housing according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in the second step), the mark depth is 120 to 150mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110974951.9A CN113751661B (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Forging forming method of wingspan type stern bearing shell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110974951.9A CN113751661B (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Forging forming method of wingspan type stern bearing shell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113751661A CN113751661A (en) | 2021-12-07 |
| CN113751661B true CN113751661B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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| CN202110974951.9A Active CN113751661B (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Forging forming method of wingspan type stern bearing shell |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1505651A1 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-09-07 | Научно-Производственное Объединение По Технологии Машиностроения "Цниитмаш" | Method of producing hollow stepped forgings |
| JP2002096135A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-02 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co Ltd | Forging metal mold and forging unit |
| CN101195145A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-06-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Large-scale crankshaft crank bend forging for boat final finishing device and used method thereof |
| CN101862803A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-10-20 | 上海桦厦实业有限公司 | Diamond opening anvil for shaft alloy steel ingot and forging method thereof |
| CN102658350A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-09-12 | 成都川康铸锻有限责任公司 | Forging process for slurry pump air chamber shell |
| CN204554139U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-12 | 昆山市建新锻压有限公司 | Four-way junction of casing forging blank |
| CN110090914A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-06 | 上海新闵（东台）重型锻造有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel shell flange nozzle belt solid forging shaping method |
| CN211708012U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-10-20 | 天津重型装备工程研究有限公司 | Combined accessory for reaming large-inner-diameter hollow flange shaft forgings |
-
2021
- 2021-08-24 CN CN202110974951.9A patent/CN113751661B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1505651A1 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-09-07 | Научно-Производственное Объединение По Технологии Машиностроения "Цниитмаш" | Method of producing hollow stepped forgings |
| JP2002096135A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-02 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co Ltd | Forging metal mold and forging unit |
| CN101195145A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-06-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Large-scale crankshaft crank bend forging for boat final finishing device and used method thereof |
| CN101862803A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-10-20 | 上海桦厦实业有限公司 | Diamond opening anvil for shaft alloy steel ingot and forging method thereof |
| CN102658350A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-09-12 | 成都川康铸锻有限责任公司 | Forging process for slurry pump air chamber shell |
| CN204554139U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-12 | 昆山市建新锻压有限公司 | Four-way junction of casing forging blank |
| CN110090914A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-06 | 上海新闵（东台）重型锻造有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel shell flange nozzle belt solid forging shaping method |
| CN211708012U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-10-20 | 天津重型装备工程研究有限公司 | Combined accessory for reaming large-inner-diameter hollow flange shaft forgings |
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| CN113751661A (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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