CN113750122A - Medicated leaven and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides medicated leaven and a preparation method of the medicated leaven. Aims to solve the technical problem of slow fermentation speed when preparing the medicated leaven in the prior art. The adopted technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method of the medicated leaven comprises the following steps: s1: pulverizing semen Armeniacae amarum and semen Phaseoli into powder, mixing with flour and testa Tritici to obtain powder; decocting herba Polygoni Hydropiperis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and herba Xanthii in water for 1 hr, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract; s2: mixing the fluid extract and the prepared medicinal powder to obtain fermentation substrate; s3: sterilizing the fermentation substrate; s4: uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum and the sterilized fermentation substrate, and fermenting for 40-50 h to obtain a fermentation product; s5: granulating and drying the fermentation product to obtain medicated leaven; wherein, the complex microbial inoculum comprises: powdery Mueller's yeast, Rhizomucor miehei, transverse pedunculus mycorrhiza, Monascus purpureus, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, and Pichia bartoniensis. In addition, the invention also provides the medicated leaven prepared by the preparation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicated leaven preparation, in particular to medicated leaven and a preparation method of the medicated leaven.
Background
Medicated leaven is a common Chinese medicine. The surface is gray white to yellowish, coarse, crisp and fragile. It is stale and slightly bitter. Has the functions of strengthening spleen and stomach, promoting digestion and regulating middle warmer. It is commonly used for treating weakness of spleen and stomach, food stagnation, chest stuffiness and abdominal distention, and infantile indigestion with food stagnation.
In the prior art, when preparing the medicated leaven, the raw materials are directly mixed and placed at normal temperature for natural fermentation. The method for preparing the medicated leaven by using the strains carried by the raw materials through extensive fermentation has the defect of slow fermentation speed. When the industrial production is carried out, the production benefit of enterprises can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of medicated leaven, which has the advantages of high fermentation speed and high production benefit. Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides the medicated leaven prepared by the preparation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the preparation method of the medicated leaven comprises the following steps: s1: pulverizing semen Armeniacae amarum and semen Phaseoli into powder, mixing with flour and testa Tritici to obtain powder; decocting herba Polygoni Hydropiperis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and herba Xanthii in water for 1 hr, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract; s2: mixing the fluid extract and the prepared medicinal powder to obtain fermentation substrate; s3: sterilizing the fermentation substrate; s4: uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum and the sterilized fermentation substrate, and fermenting for 40-50 h to obtain a fermentation product; s5: granulating the fermentation product and drying to obtain medicated leaven. Wherein, the complex microbial inoculum comprises: powdery Mueller's yeast, Rhizomucor miehei, transverse pedunculus mycorrhiza, Monascus purpureus, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, and Pichia bartoniensis. The bacterial content of the composite bacterial agent is more than or equal to 10^5 cfu/ml.
Optionally, the strain preservation number of the powdery miller yeast is CICC 32262; the rhizomucor pusillus adopts one or more of the strain deposit numbers of CICC 41598, CICC 41599, CICC 41652 and CICC 41653; the aureobasidium ramosum adopts one or more of the strain preservation numbers CICC 3056, CICC 41670 and CICC 41675; the Monascus purpureus adopts one or more of the strains with the preservation numbers of CCTCC CF 2008725, CCTCC CF 2008719 and CCTCC AF 93207; the Saccharomycopsis fibuligera adopts one or more of CCTCC WY 2008184 and CCTCC DY 20081403 in the strain preservation number; the strain preservation number of the Pichia bartonensis is CICC 33291.
Optionally, the complex microbial inoculum comprises, by mass: 2-3 parts of powdery Mueller-like yeast, 4-8 parts of Rhizomucor miehei, 2 parts of aureobasidium ramosum, 2 parts of Monascus purpureus, 1 part of Trichomycosis fibuligera and 1 part of Pichia bardunnii.
Optionally, in step S1, the raw materials include, by mass: 5 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 5 parts of sweet wormwood, 5 parts of xanthium sibiricum, 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus, 1 part of bitter almond, 50 parts of wheat bran and 25 parts of flour.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the fermentation substrate is 1: 10-100.
Optionally, the water content of the fermentation substrate is 25-40%.
Optionally, during fermentation, the temperature is kept at 25-32 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 70-85%.
Optionally, the drying temperature is 55-90 ℃, and the drying time is 12-15 h.
Medicated leaven, which is prepared by the preparation method of the medicated leaven.
The beneficial effects of this application concentrate and reflect in:
1. according to the preparation method of the medicated leaven, the composite microbial inoculum prepared by mixing specific strains is adopted, so that the fermentation speed can be increased, and the production benefit can be improved.
2. Compared with the existing natural fermentation, the compound microbial inoculum is determined, so that the fermentation substrate can be sterilized and then inoculated. This can remove the miscellaneous bacteria contained in the fermentation substrate, not only protects the fermentation environment of the composite microbial inoculum, but also further improves the fermentation speed. In addition, the propagation of mixed bacteria is avoided, harmful metabolites produced by the mixed bacteria can be prevented from polluting the medicated leaven, the medicine quality of the medicated leaven is improved, and the safety of the medicine is ensured.
Detailed Description
TABLE 1 compounding ratio of composite bacteria I, II, III, IV, V and VI
Example 1
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract, and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 25%.
S3: and (3) placing the fermentation substrate in a sterilization pot, heating to 80 ℃, and keeping for 30 minutes to finish the sterilization of the fermentation substrate.
S4: and uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum I and the sterilized fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and paving the mixture in each layer in a fermentation box, wherein the paving thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box was kept at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%. Fermenting for 50h to obtain a fermentation product.
S5: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 90 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Example 2
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 32%.
S3: and (3) placing the fermentation substrate in a sterilization pot, heating to 80 ℃, and keeping for 30 minutes to finish the sterilization of the fermentation substrate.
S4: and uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum II and the sterilized fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 55, and paving the mixture in each layer in a fermentation box, wherein the paving thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box was kept at 28 ℃ and the relative humidity at 77%. Fermenting for 50h to obtain a fermentation product.
S5: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 75 deg.C for 13 hr to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Example 3
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 40%.
S3: and (3) placing the fermentation substrate in a sterilization pot, heating to 80 ℃, and keeping for 30 minutes to finish the sterilization of the fermentation substrate.
S4: and uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum III and the sterilized fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 100, and paving the mixture in each layer in a fermentation box, wherein the paving thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box is kept at 32 ℃ and the relative humidity is kept at 85%. Fermenting for 40h to obtain a fermentation product.
S5: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 55 deg.C for 15h to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Example 4
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract, and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 25%.
S3: and (3) placing the fermentation substrate in a sterilization pot, heating to 80 ℃, and keeping for 30 minutes to finish the sterilization of the fermentation substrate.
S4: and uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum IV and the sterilized fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and paving the mixture in each layer in a fermentation box, wherein the paving thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box was kept at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%. Fermenting for 50h to obtain a fermentation product.
S5: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 90 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Example 5
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 32%.
S3: and (3) placing the fermentation substrate in a sterilization pot, heating to 80 ℃, and keeping for 30 minutes to finish the sterilization of the fermentation substrate.
S4: and uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum V and the sterilized fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 55, and paving the mixture in each layer in a fermentation box, wherein the paving thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box was kept at 28 ℃ and the relative humidity at 77%. Fermenting for 50h to obtain a fermentation product.
S5: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 75 deg.C for 13 hr to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Example 6
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 40%.
S3: and (3) placing the fermentation substrate in a sterilization pot, heating to 80 ℃, and keeping for 30 minutes to finish the sterilization of the fermentation substrate.
S4: and uniformly mixing the compound microbial inoculum VI and the sterilized fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 100, and paving the mixture in each layer in a fermentation box, wherein the paving thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box is kept at 32 ℃ and the relative humidity is kept at 85%. Fermenting for 50h to obtain a fermentation product.
S5: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 55 deg.C for 15h to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Comparative example 1
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract, and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 25%.
S3: and (3) spreading the fermentation substrate in each layer in the fermentation box, wherein the thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box was kept at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70%. Fermenting for 110h to obtain a fermentation product.
S4: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 90 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Comparative example 2
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 32%.
S3: and (3) spreading the fermentation substrate in each layer in the fermentation box, wherein the thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box was kept at 28 ℃ and the relative humidity at 77%. Fermenting for 110h to obtain a fermentation product.
S4: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 75 deg.C for 13 hr to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Comparative example 3
S1: crushing 1 part of bitter almond and 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus into powder, and uniformly mixing with 25 parts of flour and 50 parts of wheat bran to obtain prefabricated medicinal powder; decocting 5 parts of herba polygoni hydropiperis, 5 parts of herba artemisiae annuae and 5 parts of herba xanthii sibirici in water for 1 hour, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract.
S2: mixing the above powders, fluid extract and appropriate amount of water, and making into fermentation substrate with water content of 40%.
S3: and (3) spreading the fermentation substrate in each layer in the fermentation box, wherein the thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 20 cm. The temperature in the fermentation box is kept at 32 ℃ and the relative humidity is kept at 85%. Fermenting for 110h to obtain a fermentation product.
S4: granulating the fermentation product, and oven drying at 55 deg.C for 15h to obtain Massa Medicata Fermentata with water content less than 8%.
Sampling detection
For examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3, samples were taken every 10 hours in an equidistant random sampling manner. For each sampling, 20 parts of each sample were taken. The area of each sample sampled was 1cm by 1cm and the sampling depth was equal to the thickness of the spread of fermentation substrate. Sampling is started 30h after fermentation, and sampling is stopped after fermentation is finished.
The samples taken were evaluated according to the following 2 criteria. And the product meets the following 2 standards, and is judged to be qualified. If the standard does not satisfy any of the following criteria, the product is judged to be a defective product.
Standard 1: the surface is coated with yellow-white or grey-white mildew clothes.
Standard 2: drying the sample; the surface is grey white to yellowish, coarse, crisp and fragile; it is stale and slightly bitter.
TABLE 2, qualification rates of samples taken in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3
From the results of the sampling test in table 2, it can be seen. In examples 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, all samples obtained after 50h of fermentation were able to meet the drug standards of the Ministry of health. In example 3, all samples obtained after 40h of fermentation were able to meet the drug standards of the Ministry of health. In comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, all samples obtained after fermentation for 110h can reach the drug standard of Ministry of health. The preparation method of the medicated leaven can accelerate fermentation, shorten production period and improve production benefit.
In addition, compared with the existing natural fermentation, the compound microbial inoculum is determined, so that the fermentation substrate can be sterilized and then inoculated. This can remove the miscellaneous bacteria contained in the fermentation substrate, not only protects the fermentation environment of the composite microbial inoculum, but also further improves the fermentation speed. And the propagation of mixed bacteria is avoided, harmful metabolites generated by the mixed bacteria can be prevented from polluting the medicated leaven, the medicine quality of the medicated leaven is improved, and the safety of the medicine is ensured.
TABLE 3 saccharifying power and liquefying power of complex microbial inoculum I, II, III, IV, V, VI
| Saccharification ability | Power of liquefaction | |
| Complex microbial inoculum I | 804 | 0.40 |
| Complex microbial inoculum II | 811 | 0.41 |
| Complex microbial inoculum III | 812 | 0.41 |
| Complex microbial inoculum IV | 810 | 0.41 |
| Complex microbial inoculum V | 815 | 0.42 |
| Compound bacterial agent VI | 817 | 0.43 |
TABLE 4 saccharifying power and liquefying power of Massa Medicata Fermentata obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Saccharification ability | Power of liquefaction | |
| Example 1 | 337 | 0.25 |
| Example 2 | 327 | 0.24 |
| Example 3 | 343 | 0.28 |
| Example 4 | 321 | 0.23 |
| Example 5 | 333 | 0.25 |
| Example 6 | 335 | 0.25 |
| Comparative example 1 | 274 | 0.15 |
| Comparative example 2 | 289 | 0.18 |
| Comparative example 3 | 307 | 0.2 |
Saccharifying power unit: in the conditions of 35 ℃ and pH4.6, 1g of the oven-dried sample converts the soluble starch into milligrams of glucose in 1h, wherein the symbol is U and the symbol is expressed as milligrams per gram hour (mg/g.h).
Unit of liquefaction force: 1g of oven-dried sample, expressed as "grams per gram.hour (g/g.h)" represents the number of grams of starch that can be liquefied in 1h, and the symbol U represents the number of grams per gram.h, at 35 ℃ and pH 4.6.
The assay result of the saccharifying power/liquefying power of the koji is determined by referring to the assay standard of the saccharifying power/liquefying power of the koji.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes or modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the medicated leaven is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pulverizing semen Armeniacae amarum and semen Phaseoli into powder, mixing with flour and testa Tritici to obtain powder; decocting herba Polygoni Hydropiperis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, and herba Xanthii in water for 1 hr, and concentrating the filtrate into fluid extract;
s2: mixing the fluid extract and the prepared medicinal powder to obtain fermentation substrate;
s3: sterilizing the fermentation substrate;
s4: uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum and the sterilized fermentation substrate, and fermenting for 40-50 h to obtain a fermentation product;
s5: granulating and drying the fermentation product to obtain medicated leaven;
wherein, the complex microbial inoculum comprises: powdery Mueller's yeast, Rhizomucor miehei, transverse pedunculus mycorrhiza, Monascus purpureus, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, and Pichia bartoniensis.
2. The process for preparing medicated leaven according to claim 1, wherein:
the strain preservation number of the powdery Mueller yeast is CICC 32262;
the rhizomucor pusillus adopts one or more of the strain deposit numbers of CICC 41598, CICC 41599, CICC 41652 and CICC 41653;
the aureobasidium ramosum adopts one or more of the strain preservation numbers CICC 3056, CICC 41670 and CICC 41675;
the Monascus purpureus adopts one or more of the strains with the preservation numbers of CCTCC CF 2008725, CCTCC CF 2008719 and CCTCC AF 93207;
the Saccharomycopsis fibuligera adopts one or more of CCTCC WY 2008184 and CCTCC DY 20081403 in the strain preservation number;
the strain preservation number of the Pichia bartonensis is CICC 33291.
3. The process for preparing medicated leaven according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2-3 parts of powdery Mueller-like yeast, 4-8 parts of Rhizomucor miehei, 2 parts of aureobasidium ramosum, 2 parts of Monascus purpureus, 1 part of Trichomycosis fibuligera and 1 part of Pichia bardunnii.
4. The process for preparing medicated leaven according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S1, each raw material includes, by mass: 5 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 5 parts of sweet wormwood, 5 parts of xanthium sibiricum, 1 part of phaseolus calcaratus, 1 part of bitter almond, 50 parts of wheat bran and 25 parts of flour.
5. The process for preparing medicated leaven according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the fermentation substrate is 1: 10-100.
6. The process for preparing medicated leaven according to claim 1, wherein: the water content of the fermentation substrate is 25-40%.
7. The process for preparing medicated leaven according to claim 1, wherein: during fermentation, the temperature is kept at 25-32 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 70-85%.
8. The process for preparing medicated leaven according to claim 1, wherein: the drying temperature is 55-90 ℃, and the drying time is 12-15 h.
9. Medicated leaven, which is characterized in that: the medicated leaven is prepared by the method for preparing medicated leaven according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107475125A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 麻城佳成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of monascus purpureus bacterium of high yield acid MonacolinK low yield notalin and application |
| CN110025735A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-19 | 河南省青山药业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Medicated Leaven |
| CN112022971A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 中国中药有限公司 | Medicated leaven composition and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107475125A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 麻城佳成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of monascus purpureus bacterium of high yield acid MonacolinK low yield notalin and application |
| CN110025735A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-19 | 河南省青山药业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Medicated Leaven |
| CN112022971A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 中国中药有限公司 | Medicated leaven composition and preparation method thereof |
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| 高文远 主编: "《中药生物工程》", 31 January 2014, 上海科学技术出版社 * |
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