CN113746275A - Motor discharge structure and shaft current flow guiding effect detection method - Google Patents

Motor discharge structure and shaft current flow guiding effect detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113746275A
CN113746275A CN202111011317.1A CN202111011317A CN113746275A CN 113746275 A CN113746275 A CN 113746275A CN 202111011317 A CN202111011317 A CN 202111011317A CN 113746275 A CN113746275 A CN 113746275A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
bearing
motor
discharge
shaft
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Pending
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CN202111011317.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘平
郭雪成
肖志高
陈勇智
潘宁静
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Zhuzhou Gear Co Ltd
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Zhuzhou Gear Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhuzhou Gear Co Ltd filed Critical Zhuzhou Gear Co Ltd
Priority to CN202111011317.1A priority Critical patent/CN113746275A/en
Publication of CN113746275A publication Critical patent/CN113746275A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/40Structural association with grounding devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/08Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a motor discharge structure and a shaft current diversion effect detection method. Wherein the ingenious setting of connecting rod, connecting rod one end and the inner circle of discharging the bearing are connected, and the other end is connected with motor casing, and further connecting rod and end cover are connected to on the basis of current end cover, connecting rod one end is connected with the discharging bearing, and the other end passes the end cover, with the end cover external fixation. The invention also provides a method for detecting the current diversion effect of the motor shaft, in the actual working condition, in order to ensure the current diversion effect of the discharge bearing, particularly the resistance of the discharge bearing and the rotor bearing in the motor before delivery or during maintenance, because the resistance ratio of the discharge bearing is smaller, the invention preferably uses a four-wire method to measure the resistance, and ensures the accuracy of the measurement result.

Description

Motor discharge structure and shaft current flow guiding effect detection method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motor detection, in particular to a motor discharge structure and a shaft current flow guiding effect detection method.
Background
When the motor runs, because of a stator core combination seam and a stator silicon steel sheet seam, an air gap between a stator and a rotor is uneven, the center of a shaft is inconsistent with the center of a magnetic field, and the like, a main shaft of a unit inevitably rotates in an incompletely symmetrical magnetic field. Thus, an alternating voltage is generated across the shaft. If the bearings at the two ends of the motor spindle do not have insulating pads or the insulation is poor. The voltage forms a current loop through the bearing supports at the two ends of the motor, and the current is called shaft current.
The principle of shaft current generation is generally solved by the following measures:
1. flow guiding: the shaft extension end is provided with a conductive device which is reliably grounded and reliably contacted with the rotating shaft, so that the potential of the rotating shaft is ensured to be zero, and static charge on a motor shaft is led to the ground at any time, thereby eliminating shaft current. Such measures are often applied to generators, and are occasionally applied to large ac motors.
2. Blocking: one of the important conditions for the formation of the shaft current is the formation of a loop. An insulating pad is additionally arranged between a bearing seat at a non-shaft-extension end and a bearing or an insulating bearing is adopted to cut off a loop of shaft current, and the measure is adopted by most motor manufacturers.
Us patent with application number CN201780035352.2, entitled motor rotor discharge protection, discloses a motor comprising: a housing; a stator having a stator winding; a rotor having a rotor shaft and a rotor winding; and at least two main rotor bearings coupling the rotor shaft to the housing. Common mode charge accumulates on the rotor due to stator imbalance. At least two main rotor bearings have a first electrical resistance between the rotor shaft and the housing. The motor also includes a rotor discharge bearing coupling the rotor shaft to the housing. The rotor discharge bearing has a second resistance between the rotor shaft and the housing, the second resistance being less than the first resistance such that the common mode charge is discharged through the rotor discharge bearing. In various embodiments, a rotor discharge brush coupled between the housing and the rotor shaft along a longitudinal axis of the rotor shaft discharges common mode charge. The discharging bearing of this patent is through the coupling of discharge brush and casing, and discharge brush and rotor shaft contact discharge through the discharge brush, and discharge brush and casing are the coupling relation, do not have the relation of connection, and discharge brush and rotor shaft, casing contact wear easily, bring inconvenience for the maintenance, and difficult installation, for guaranteeing that discharge brush and rotor shaft, casing contact are good, and the technological requirement of discharge brush is high, has increased the cost.
Conditions for shaft current formation: firstly, there is shaft voltage, and secondly, a loop is formed. The normal motor of design and running condition, axle electric current leads to motor casing through rotor bearing, and motor casing ground connection draws axle electric current to ground, and motor casing pivot both ends voltage only has very little difference, and because the processing of oil film or bearing insulation, is not enough to produce harm. If a problem occurs in a certain link, the original insulation can be broken down when the shaft voltage exceeds the limit value, and a loop is formed among the rotating shaft, the bearing inner ring, the bearing outer ring and the bearing chamber, so that small and deep circular corrosion points or strip-shaped electric arc scars can be generated on the surfaces of the bearing position of the rotating shaft and the bearing inner ring due to electric arc discharge, and the shaft neck and the bearing bush can be burned out in severe cases. Therefore, even with the current guiding and insulating device, there is still a risk if the shaft current cannot be effectively improved.
Both diversion and blocking are measures for reducing the shaft current, and the arrangement of the discharge bearing at the end part of the motor is a diversion measure for improving the shaft current, and whether the shaft current can be effectively improved still needs a certain method for detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a motor discharging structure with simple structure, low cost and stable structure, and provides a method for detecting the current diversion effect of a motor shaft aiming at the structure.
An electric motor discharge structure comprising:
a motor housing;
the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected with the motor shell through rotor bearings;
the conductive structure comprises a discharge bearing, wherein the discharge bearing is installed in a rotating shaft and rotates together with the rotating shaft, the discharge bearing is connected with a motor shell through a connecting rod to lead shaft current to the motor shell through the rotating shaft, the discharge bearing and the connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected with the discharge bearing and the motor shell.
The discharge principle of the motor discharge structure is as follows: the shaft current is led to the motor shell through the rotating shaft, the discharging bearing and the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is arranged as a leading-out part to lead the shaft current to the motor shell. The two ends of the connecting rod are connected with the discharging bearing and the motor shell, and the connecting rod is in coupling contact with the discharging brush, is not abraded and is stable in structure.
Further, the discharge bearing is located on an inner surface of one end of the rotating shaft, the inner surface being created by removing a substantially cylindrical portion of the rotating shaft about a longitudinal axis of rotation of the rotating shaft.
Because the two ends of the rotating shaft are also provided with the rotary transformer (or the magnetic encoder and the Hall sensor) sensors, the discharging bearing is arranged in the rotating shaft, and the mounting space of the existing parts is not occupied.
Furthermore, the part of the connecting rod connected with the motor shell is an end cover, the connecting rod is positioned on the inner side of the end cover, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the inner ring of the discharging bearing, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixed with the end cover.
The end cover in the motor casing is as a lid of motor, can follow motor casing and dismantle, for fine with connecting rod fixed connection between discharge bearing and motor casing, fixed connecting rod and end cover, when the assembly, it is fixed with the end cover earlier with the connecting rod, again with the other end of connecting rod insert discharge bearing inner race interference fit can. If be fixed in motor casing other places with the connecting rod, motor casing is very big, and when the installation, installer need stretch into motor casing with head and health, and the connecting rod is also inconvenient with being connected of discharging bearing inner circle, when processing the connecting rod, is difficult for holding the size, and the disability rate is higher. The end cover is concentric with the rotating shaft, and the connecting rod between the end cover and the discharge bearing is a rod piece concentric with the rotating shaft, so that the mounting accuracy is improved. The end cover and the end part of the rotating shaft are provided with a gap, so that convenience is brought to installation of the connecting rod, the connecting rod is positioned at the end cover, and the connecting rod can be observed by opening the end cover during maintenance, so that convenience is brought to maintenance.
Further, the connecting rod and the end cover are integrated.
The connecting rod and the end cover are integrated, so that the stability of the connecting rod as a shaft current leading-out part is further improved, and the connecting rod cannot loosen.
Furthermore, one end of the connecting rod is located in the end cover, the other end of the connecting rod is located outside the end cover, one end of the connecting rod located in the end cover is connected with the inner ring of the discharging bearing, and one end of the connecting rod located outside the end cover is fixed with the end cover.
The structure of the existing end cover is improved, the end cover is provided with a hole, the connecting rod penetrates through the hole, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the discharging bearing, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixed outside the end cover. If the connecting rod is damaged, the connecting rod is convenient to maintain and replace.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the shaft current diversion effect of the motor discharge structure, which respectively detects the resistance between the rotating shaft and the motor shell at the position of the rotor bearing as R1 and R2, and detects the resistance between the rotating shaft and the connecting rod at the position of the discharge bearing as R0; when R0 < R1, R0 < R2, the discharge bearing is effective in improving shaft current, and when R0 > R1 or R0 > R2, the discharge bearing is replaced.
When R0 < R1 and R0 < R2, the discharge bearing improves the shaft current effectively, and the shaft current can be led to the discharge bearing from the rotating shaft and then discharged through the connecting rod. Therefore, after the motor is assembled, the values of R1, R2 and R0 are detected, and the discharge effect can be ensured only if R0 is smaller than R1 and R2. In the prior art, a rotating shaft inevitably rotates in an incompletely symmetrical magnetic field, so that an alternating voltage is generated at two ends of the shaft, and the alternating voltage forms a current loop through bearing supports at two ends of a motor.
The axle current is located the both ends of axle, and rotor bearing is connected with pivot and motor casing simultaneously, and when not installing the bearing that discharges, the axle current can conduct to rotor bearing, and rotor bearing conducts the axle current to motor casing, and motor casing ground connection, with the axle current guide to ground. The invention is provided with the discharging bearing, the discharging bearing is simultaneously contacted with the rotating shaft and the connecting rod, the shaft current is transmitted to the discharging bearing, the connecting rod is contacted with the discharging bearing, and the shaft current is transmitted to the connecting rod. Therefore, to ensure that the shaft current is smoothly conducted to the discharging bearing, the resistance between the position of the rotor bearing and the motor housing needs to be greater than the resistance between the position of the discharging bearing and the connecting rod. When the invention is used for measuring the values of R0, R1 and R2, if the resistance of the bearing part between the rotating shaft and the motor shell is only measured (the discharge bearing is the resistance between the discharge bearing and the connecting rod), the measurement result is inaccurate. Because the bearings are typically mounted tightly inside and loosely outside (bearing to shaft interference fit, bearing to housing over-fit or clearance fit), the resistance of the bearings themselves is not exactly equal to the resistance between the motor shaft and the motor housing after assembly.
Further, when the difference value between R1 and R0 is within a certain range, and the difference value between R2 and R0 is within a certain range, the discharge bearing improves the shaft current efficiency, otherwise, the discharge bearing is replaced. The difference between R0 and R1 and R2 is small enough to ensure the discharge to be effective, and the difference is too large, the resistance of R0 is too small, and the cost of the discharge bearing is too large.
Further, the resistances R1, R2, and R0 were measured by a four-wire method.
The discharge bearing has a relatively small resistance, the common principle of resistance test is constant-current pressure measurement, and a measuring instrument generates a measuring current L with a constant value and respectively contacts electrodes at two ends of a measured resistor R through two measuring leads. When a current I passes through the resistor R, the voltage U developed across R is measured. The voltage is measured by the measuring instrument and the resistance value R = U/I is calculated, but another problem is caused in the method, namely that the lead wire is also provided with the resistor. When the resistance value of the resistor is small, the resistance on the lead cannot be ignored, and the final measurement result is influenced. The measurement result becomes R = (U +2Ur)/I, Ur being the voltage of the lead.
The discharge bearing has a relatively small resistance, and if a common measurement method is adopted, the measurement result is often inaccurate. The discharge bearing resistance measurement uses a four-wire measurement.
When four-wire measurement is adopted, because the four lead wires form a current loop and a voltage test loop respectively, the impedance of the loop is measured by a computer, the flowing current can be ignored, and the lead wire of the voltage test loop has almost no current, so the finally measured voltage is the resistance R = U/I on the resistor to be measured.
Further, during factory assembly of the motor, R1, R2 and R0 are detected before assembly of the motor end cover.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the motor discharging structure, the discharging bearing is installed in the rotating shaft and connected with the motor shell through the connecting rod, current on the rotating shaft is led to the motor shell through the discharging bearing and the connecting rod, the motor shell is grounded, and shaft current is led to the ground. Wherein the ingenious setting of connecting rod, connecting rod one end and the inner circle of discharging the bearing are connected, and the other end is connected with motor casing, and further connecting rod and end cover are connected to on the basis of current end cover, connecting rod one end is connected with the discharging bearing, and the other end passes the end cover, with the end cover external fixation. The invention also provides a method for detecting the current diversion effect of the motor shaft, in the actual working condition, in order to ensure the current diversion effect of the discharge bearing, particularly before delivery or during maintenance, the resistance of the discharge bearing and the rotor bearing in the motor needs to be detected, and because the resistance ratio of the discharge bearing is smaller, the invention preferably uses a four-wire method to measure the resistance, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement result.
The motor discharging structure is simple in structure, the connecting rod is respectively connected with the discharging bearing and the end cover, and compared with a discharging brush in coupling contact, the connecting rod structure is simple in process, and the simple structure is convenient to install, maintain and replace; when the motor is maintained, the motor needs to be stopped, the connecting rod has long service life, the failure rate of the motor is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. According to the shaft current flow guiding effect detection method, a four-wire method is preferably used for measuring the resistance according to the actual working condition, so that the accuracy of the delivery result detection and motor maintenance result of the motor product is ensured. The connecting rod is in interference fit with the discharging bearing, the shape of the connecting rod is regular, resistance measurement is facilitated, and the accuracy of a measurement result is guaranteed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a discharge structure of a motor.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
An electric motor discharge structure comprising:
the motor comprises a motor shell 1, wherein one end of the shell 1 is an end cover 11;
the motor comprises a rotating shaft 2, wherein two ends of the rotating shaft 2 are respectively connected with a motor shell 1 through rotor bearings, and a rotor bearing 3 and a rotor bearing 4 are shown in the figure;
conductive structure, include discharge bearing 5, discharge bearing 5 installs in pivot 2, and discharge bearing 5 and pivot 2 are together rotatory, and discharge bearing 5 is connected with motor casing 1 through connecting rod 6 and causes the axle current to end cover 11 through pivot 2, discharge bearing 5, connecting rod 6, and discharge bearing 5 and motor casing's end cover 11 is connected respectively to the both ends of connecting rod 6.
As shown in fig. 1, the discharge bearing 5 is located on an inner surface of one end of the rotating shaft 2, the inner surface being created by removing a substantially cylindrical portion of the rotating shaft 2 around the longitudinal axis of rotation of the rotating shaft 2.
The connecting rod 6 is connected with the motor shell 1 through the end cover 11, the connecting rod 6 is located on the inner side of the end cover 11, one end of the connecting rod 6 is connected with the inner ring of the discharging bearing 5, and the other end of the connecting rod 6 is fixed with the end cover 11.
The connecting rod 6 is integrated with the end cover 11.
The motor discharge mechanism of the embodiment comprises a discharge bearing 5 with a shaft current, and an electric conduction structure which conducts the shaft current to a motor shell 1, wherein the motor shell 1 is grounded to lead the shaft current to the ground. The conductive structure comprises a discharge bearing 5 and a connecting rod 6, the resistance of the discharge bearing 5 is small, shaft current flows to the discharge bearing 5 with small resistance, the discharge bearing 5 is connected with the motor shell 1 through the connecting rod 6, and the shaft current is led to the motor shell 1 through the connecting rod 6. Connecting rod 6 and end cover 11 of this embodiment are as an organic whole, during the installation, aim at connecting rod 6 discharge bearing 5 inner circle compress tightly can, simple structure, easy dismounting, discharge bearing 5 is along with pivot 2 is rotatory, but the inner circle does not change, and connecting rod 6 also can not change, and connecting rod 6 can not receive the torsional force, is difficult to damage, guarantees that the water conservancy diversion is stable, reduces the motor fault rate, has improved economic benefits.
Example 2
The method for detecting the shaft current diversion effect of the motor discharge structure in the embodiment 1 is used for detecting a motor before the motor leaves a factory, and before a motor end cover is assembled, the four-wire method is adopted to respectively detect the resistance between the rotating shaft 2 and the motor shell 1 at the positions of the rotor bearing 3 and the rotor bearing 4, as shown in the figure, R1 and R2 are detected, and the resistance between the rotating shaft 2 and the connecting rod 6 at the position of the discharge bearing 5 is detected as R0; when R0 < R1, R0 < R2, the discharge bearing 5 is effective in improving shaft current, and when R0 > R1 or R0 > R2, the discharge bearing 5 is replaced.
The harm of the shaft current is mainly that small electric arc erosion is generated between the shaft neck and the bearing bush, an oil film is damaged, the temperature of the bearing is increased, lubricating oil is carbonized and deteriorated, and the like.
In the embodiment, before the product leaves the factory, the resistances of the positions of the rotor bearing and the discharging bearing are respectively detected, so that the resistance between the rotor bearing and the motor shell is ensured to be greater than the resistance between the discharging bearing and the connecting rod, the shaft current flows to the smaller resistance, and the purpose of drainage is achieved. To ensure the drainage effect, the difference between R1, R2 and R0 should be small enough to ensure good drainage effect. During detection, because the resistance of the discharge bearing is originally very small, the four-wire method is used for measurement, and the accuracy of the measurement result is ensured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An electric motor discharge structure, comprising:
a motor housing;
the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected with the motor shell through rotor bearings;
the conductive structure comprises a discharge bearing, wherein the discharge bearing is installed in a rotating shaft and rotates together with the rotating shaft, the discharge bearing is connected with a motor shell through a connecting rod to lead shaft current to the motor shell through the rotating shaft, the discharge bearing and the connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected with the discharge bearing and the motor shell.
2. The electric machine discharge structure of claim 1 wherein the discharge bearing is located on an inner surface of one end of the shaft, the inner surface being created by removing a generally cylindrical portion of the shaft about a longitudinal axis of rotation of the shaft.
3. The motor discharge structure of claim 2, wherein the connecting rod is connected to the motor housing by an end cap, the connecting rod is located inside the end cap, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the discharge bearing inner ring, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixed to the end cap.
4. The electric machine discharge structure of claim 3 wherein the connecting rods are integral with the end caps.
5. The motor discharge structure of claim 2, wherein one end of the connecting rod is located in the end cover, the other end of the connecting rod is located outside the end cover, one end of the connecting rod located in the end cover is connected with the discharge bearing inner ring, and one end of the connecting rod located outside the end cover is fixed with the end cover.
6. The method for detecting the shaft current diversion effect of the motor discharge structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein resistances between the rotating shaft and the motor housing at positions of the rotor bearings are respectively detected as R1 and R2, and resistances between the rotating shaft and the connecting rod at positions of the discharge bearings are respectively detected as R0; when R0 < R1, R0 < R2, the discharge bearing is effective in improving shaft current, and when R0 > R1 or R0 > R2, the discharge bearing is replaced.
7. The method for detecting the shaft current diversion effect according to claim 6, wherein the resistances R1, R2 and R0 are measured by a four-line method.
8. The method for detecting the shaft current diversion effect according to claim 6, wherein R1, R2 and R0 are detected before the motor end cover is assembled during the motor factory assembly.
CN202111011317.1A 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 Motor discharge structure and shaft current flow guiding effect detection method Pending CN113746275A (en)

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CN202111011317.1A CN113746275A (en) 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 Motor discharge structure and shaft current flow guiding effect detection method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111011317.1A CN113746275A (en) 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 Motor discharge structure and shaft current flow guiding effect detection method

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4515417A (en) * 1982-11-24 1985-05-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Grounding device for preventing electrolytic corrosion in the bearings of rotary electric machines
US20100127585A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Caterpillar Inc. Grounding mechanism for electric motor
CN109314445A (en) * 2016-06-07 2019-02-05 特斯拉公司 Motor rotor discharge prevention
CN110132592A (en) * 2019-04-16 2019-08-16 上海交通大学 The effective prefastening load measurement method of assembly bearing
CN111211647A (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-05-29 苏州加拉泰克动力有限公司 Brushless motor
CN112572144A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-30 华为技术有限公司 Motor, power assembly and vehicle

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4515417A (en) * 1982-11-24 1985-05-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Grounding device for preventing electrolytic corrosion in the bearings of rotary electric machines
US20100127585A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Caterpillar Inc. Grounding mechanism for electric motor
CN109314445A (en) * 2016-06-07 2019-02-05 特斯拉公司 Motor rotor discharge prevention
CN111211647A (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-05-29 苏州加拉泰克动力有限公司 Brushless motor
CN110132592A (en) * 2019-04-16 2019-08-16 上海交通大学 The effective prefastening load measurement method of assembly bearing
CN112572144A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-30 华为技术有限公司 Motor, power assembly and vehicle

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Application publication date: 20211203