CN113740765A - Short circuit detection circuit - Google Patents
Short circuit detection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113740765A CN113740765A CN202111031359.1A CN202111031359A CN113740765A CN 113740765 A CN113740765 A CN 113740765A CN 202111031359 A CN202111031359 A CN 202111031359A CN 113740765 A CN113740765 A CN 113740765A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short circuit detection circuit, comprising: the load detection circuit comprises a voltage source, a current conversion circuit, a protection circuit, a current limiting circuit and a sampling circuit, wherein when the second end of the load is grounded, an external power supply supplies power to the load, and when the second end of the load is not grounded, the resistance of the load is calculated according to the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit or by using the voltage of the voltage source, the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit and the parameters of internal components of each circuit of the short-circuit detection circuit, so that whether the load is short-circuited or not is judged. By the method for detecting the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit or reversely calculating the resistance under the condition of load power failure, whether the load is in short circuit or not is detected before the load is started, output can be directly stopped, the defects that short circuit protection fails and the detection resistance generates heat seriously due to direct detection of power supply voltage and power supply current under the condition of load power failure in the prior art are overcome, and the risk that a device is damaged due to generation of instantaneous large current is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection, in particular to a short circuit detection circuit.
Background
The LED power supplies on the market at present are divided into two main types, namely a constant voltage power supply and a constant current power supply. In the scheme of the constant voltage circuit, because the output voltage is constant, the output current can change according to the size of the load, and therefore when the constant voltage power supply breaks down and causes short circuit, the current of the constant voltage power supply can be increased rapidly in a short time after the output is started. If short-circuit fault can not be detected quickly and protected in time. If the power is damaged, the fire accident will be caused. The current idea of performing short circuit detection is roughly divided into pairsSupply voltage detects and supply current, wherein, the circuit that detects supply voltage is as shown in fig. 1, when the output short circuit, because the load is 0, then output current can far exceed the output capability of power VCC, so can lead to power VCC voltage to reduce, consequently only need detect the check point voltage and be less than certain threshold value then can judge that equipment takes place the short circuit, to equipment protection can, however, when power VCC output is great, or the short circuit has the condition of certain resistance value, then VCC voltage drops very slowly, can not fall under the detection threshold value even, thereby lead to short-circuit protection failure. As shown in fig. 2, when the output is short-circuited, the output current increases instantaneously due to the load being 0, and flows through the resistor RLResulting in an increase in the resistance RLThe voltages at two ends are increased, so that equipment can be judged to be short-circuited only by detecting that the voltage of the check point is higher than a certain threshold value, and the equipment is protectedLThe voltage at two ends can be processed only when reaching a certain amplitude, so that when the power supply power is very high, the resistor RLThe power of the power supply is very high, the heating is serious, and the power supply is not suitable for being used as a short-circuit protection scheme of a high-power constant-voltage power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the short-circuit protection is prone to fail when the output power of the power supply voltage is large in the scheme of detecting the power supply voltage for short-circuit detection, and the defect that the detection resistor generates heat seriously when the power supply power is large in the scheme of detecting the power supply current for short-circuit detection, and to avoid the damage of the device caused by the generation of instantaneous large current, thereby providing a short-circuit detection circuit capable of detecting whether the output is in fault or not before the power supply output is turned on.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a short circuit detection circuit, including: the current limiting circuit comprises a voltage source, a current conversion circuit, a protection circuit, a current limiting circuit and a sampling circuit, wherein the first end of the voltage source is connected with an external power supply, and the second end of the voltage source is connected with the control end of the current conversion circuit; the first end of the current conversion circuit is connected with the second end of the load sequentially through the current limiting circuit and the protection circuit, and the second end of the current conversion circuit is grounded through the sampling circuit; the first end of the load is connected with an external power supply; when the second end of the load is grounded, the external power supply supplies power to the load, and when the second end of the load is not grounded, the resistance of the load is calculated according to the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit or by using the voltage of a voltage source, the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit and the parameters of internal components of each circuit of the short-circuit detection circuit, so that whether the load is short-circuited is judged.
In one embodiment, a current conversion circuit includes: and the control end of the current converter is connected with the second end of the voltage source, and the first end of the current converter is connected with the second end of the load sequentially through the current limiting circuit and the protection circuit.
In one embodiment, the short detection circuit further comprises: the load second end is grounded through the load switch circuit, when the load switch circuit is switched on, the external power supply supplies power for the load, and when the load switch circuit is switched off, the short circuit detection is carried out on the load.
In one embodiment, a load switching circuit includes: and the first end of the load control switch is connected with the second end of the load, the second end of the load control switch is grounded, and the control end of the load control switch is connected with the external processor.
In one embodiment, a protection circuit includes: and the anode of the diode is connected with the second end of the load, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the first end of the current converter through the current limiting circuit.
In one embodiment, a current limiting circuit includes: and the first end of the first resistor is connected with the cathode of the diode, and the anode of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the current converter.
In one embodiment, a sampling circuit includes: and the first end of the second resistor is connected with the second end of the current converter, and the second end of the second resistor is grounded.
In one embodiment, the voltage source voltage should be less than the sum of the LED load turn-on voltage, the diode voltage, and the current transformer voltage.
In one embodiment, when the voltage of the second end of the current converter exceeds a preset voltage threshold, the load is determined to be short-circuited; or calculating the resistance value of the load according to the voltage of the voltage source, the voltage of the diode, the voltage of the current converter, the voltage of the second end of the current converter, the first resistance value and the second resistance value, and judging that the load is in a short circuit when the resistance value of the load is 0.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the short circuit detection circuit provided by the invention, the first end of a voltage source is connected with an external power supply, the second end of the voltage source is connected with the control end of a current conversion circuit, the first end of the current conversion circuit is connected with the second end of a load sequentially through a current limiting circuit and a protection circuit, the second end of the current conversion circuit is grounded through a sampling circuit, and the first end of the load is connected with the external power supply; when the second end of the load is grounded, the external power supply supplies power to the load, and when the second end of the load is not grounded, the resistance of the load is calculated according to the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit or by using the voltage of a voltage source, the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit and the parameters of internal components of each circuit of the short-circuit detection circuit, so that whether the load is short-circuited is judged. By the method for detecting the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit or reversely calculating the resistance under the condition of load power failure, whether the load is in short circuit or not is detected before the load is started, output can be directly stopped, the defects that short circuit protection fails and the detection resistance generates heat seriously due to direct detection of power supply voltage and power supply current under the condition of load power failure in the prior art are overcome, and the risk that a device is damaged due to generation of instantaneous large current is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a power supply voltage short circuit detection in the prior art according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power supply current short detection circuit according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a short detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another specific example of a short detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another specific example of a short detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another specific example of a short detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another specific example of the short-circuit detection circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Examples
An embodiment of the present invention provides a short circuit detection circuit, as shown in fig. 3, including: the circuit comprises a voltage source 1, a current conversion circuit 2, a protection circuit 3, a current limiting circuit 4 and a sampling circuit 5.
As shown in fig. 1, a first end of a voltage source 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is connected to an external power source, and a second end thereof is connected to a control end of a current converting circuit 2; a first end of the current conversion circuit 2 is connected with a second end of the load sequentially through the current limiting circuit 4 and the protection circuit 3, and a second end of the current conversion circuit is grounded through the sampling circuit 5; the first end of the load is connected with an external power supply.
As shown in fig. 1, when the second end (port end) of the load is grounded, the external power source-load-ground end forms a power supply loop, and at this time, the external power source supplies power to the load, and when the second end of the load is not grounded, the resistance value of the load is calculated according to the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit 2, or by using the voltage of the voltage source, the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit 2, and the parameters of internal components of each circuit of the short-circuit detection circuit, so as to determine whether the load is short-circuited.
Specifically, in order to solve the problem that short-circuit protection is prone to fail when the output power of the power supply voltage is large in the scheme of detecting the power supply voltage to perform short-circuit detection, and the problem that detection resistance generates heat seriously when the output power of the power supply voltage is large in the scheme of detecting the power supply current to perform short-circuit detection, the embodiment of the invention detects whether a short circuit exists or not under the condition that a load is powered off (namely under the condition that the second end of the load is not grounded and is suspended), and completes the detection on whether the load is short-circuited or not before the load is started.
Specifically, the loads of the embodiment of the present invention may be of different types, such as an LED load and a resistor, wherein, to ensure reliable power failure of the LED load, the voltage value of the voltage source 1 is first controlled to be smaller than the sum of the minimum turn-on voltage of the LED load, the voltage of the protection circuit, and the voltage of the current conversion circuit 2, and when the load is short-circuited, two judgment criteria are provided to determine whether the load is short-circuited: firstly, whether the short point voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold value is detected, when the short point voltage exceeds the preset voltage threshold value, the load short circuit is judged, secondly, the resistance value of the load is calculated by utilizing the voltage source voltage, the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit 2 and the internal component parameters of each circuit of the short circuit detection circuit, and when the resistance value of the load obtained through calculation is smaller than the preset threshold value, the load short circuit is judged, the above steps are only used for example, but not limited by the above steps.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the current converting circuit 2 includes: a control terminal of the current converter Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the voltage source 1, and a first terminal of the current converter Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the load sequentially through the current limiting circuit 4 and the protection circuit 3, wherein, in fig. 4, the current converter Q1 takes a PNP triode as an example, and may also be other components with the same switching function, which is not limited herein.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the short circuit detection circuit further includes: the second end of the load is grounded through the load switch circuit 6, when the load switch circuit 6 is switched on, the external power supply supplies power to the load, and when the load switch circuit 6 is switched off, the short circuit detection is carried out on the load.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the load switch circuit 6 of the embodiment of the present invention includes: a first end of the load control switch Q2 is connected to the second end of the load, a second end is grounded, and a control end is connected to the external processor, wherein the load control switch Q2 in fig. 4 is an example of a MOSFET, and may also be other components having the same switching function, which is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 4, the protection circuit 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: and a diode D1 having an anode connected to the second terminal of the load and a cathode connected to the first terminal of the current converter Q1 through the current limiting circuit 4, wherein the diode prevents the collector current of the current converter Q1 from flowing backward to the load.
As shown in fig. 4, the current limiting circuit 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a first terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the anode thereof is connected to the first terminal of the current transformer Q1, and the current limiting circuit limits the current flowing in the current transformer.
As shown in fig. 4, the sampling circuit 5 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a second resistor R2 has a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the current transformer Q1 and a second terminal connected to ground.
Specifically, based on the circuit structure shown in fig. 4, the detection principle of the short-circuit detection circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: the processor (for example, a single chip microcomputer) or the driving circuit is connected with a control end (CTL end) of the load control switch Q2, when the CTL end is set high, the load control switch Q2 is turned on, the external power supply supplies power to the load, when the CTL end is set low, the load control switch Q2 is turned off, the external power supply stops supplying power to the load, and when the load is powered off, the detection voltage output by the short end is input into the processor (for example, the single chip microcomputer) to judge whether the load is short-circuited.
Specifically, when the load control switch Q2 is turned off, it is known that:
V1＝VL+VD1+VR1+Veb (1)
in the formula (1), V1 is the voltage of the voltage source, VL is the load voltage, VD1 is the diode voltage, VR1 is the voltage of the first resistor R1, and Veb is the voltage of the current converter.
Since the diode D1 and the current transformer Q1 both have PN junctions, and VD1 and Veb are both approximately 0.7V, the equation (1) is equivalent:
V1＝VL+VR1+1.4 (2)
when the load is an LED load, the equivalent circuit of the circuit structure shown in fig. 4 is as shown in fig. 6, the LED load is equivalent to a plurality of light emitting diodes and an equivalent resistor RL1 connected in series, the load resistance voltage VL in equations (1) and (2) is an equivalent resistor voltage, since the LED load includes a plurality of light emitting diode portions connected in series, the LED load needs a minimum turn-on voltage VON, if the voltage source voltage V1 is adjusted to satisfy the relationship V1< VON +1.4, when the load control switch Q2 is turned off, equation (2) can obtain VL + VR1< VON, and therefore, the LED load and the current converter Q1 cannot be turned on, the current of the first resistor R1 and the current of the second resistor R2 are both 0, and the short terminal voltage is 0, that is, when the load is an LED load, the voltage at the second terminal (short terminal) of the converter Q1 is 0, it is determined that the LED load is not short-circuited.
When the load is a resistive load or a short circuit of an LED load, the circuit structure shown in fig. 4 can be equivalent to the circuit structure shown in fig. 7, where RL1 is an LED load equivalent resistor or a resistive load, and when the load control switch Q2 is turned off, the current (emitter current of the current transformer Q1) of the first resistor R1 can be obtained according to equation (2) as follows:
Ie＝(V1-1.4)/(R1+RL1) (3)
in the formula (3), Ie represents the current of the first resistor R1.
Since Ie + Ic and the collector current Ic of current converter Q1 is much larger than its base current, Ie ≈ Ic, then short voltage VR2 satisfies:
VR2＝Ie*R2＝(V1-1.4)*R2/(R1+RL1) (4)
since R1, R2, V1 are all fixed values, as can be derived from equation (4):
RL1＝((V1-1.4)*R2/VR2)-R1 (4)
as can be seen from equation (4), as the resistance value of the resistive load (or the equivalent resistance value of the LED load) RL1 decreases, the voltage VR2 at the short end increases, and if the resistive load is short-circuited or the LED load is short-circuited, RL1 is approximately 0, so the voltage VR2 at the short end reaches the maximum value, and in addition, since the resistance value of the normal resistive load is definitely much greater than 0, the voltage at the short end cannot reach the voltage value at the short circuit, at this time, it is determined that the load is short-circuited by determining whether the voltage VR2 at the short end exceeds a preset voltage threshold, and when the voltage VR2 exceeds the preset voltage threshold, wherein the comparison process may be completed by a comparator of a hardware circuit or by a software program. In addition, RL1 can be calculated by using equation (4), and if RL1 is smaller than the resistance value (preset threshold) of normal operation, it can be determined that the load is short-circuited.
Based on the above circuit, the embodiment of the present invention can also obtain an LED power supply with a short circuit detection function, which includes: the circuits, the LED loads and the processor shown in fig. 3 to 7 are used for controlling an external power supply to supply power to the LED loads, and collecting short end voltage to judge whether the LED loads are short-circuited when the LED lamp string is powered off.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A short detection circuit, comprising: a voltage source (1), a current conversion circuit (2), a protection circuit (3), a current limiting circuit (4) and a sampling circuit (5),
the first end of the voltage source (1) is connected with an external power supply, and the second end of the voltage source is connected with the control end of the current conversion circuit (2);
a first end of the current conversion circuit (2) is connected with a second end of the load sequentially through the current limiting circuit (4) and the protection circuit (3), and a second end of the current conversion circuit is grounded through the sampling circuit (5);
the first end of the load is connected with an external power supply;
when the second end of the load is grounded, the external power supply supplies power to the load, and when the second end of the load is not grounded, the resistance of the load is calculated according to the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit (2), or by using the voltage of the voltage source (1), the voltage of the second end of the current conversion circuit (2) and the parameters of internal components of each circuit of the short-circuit detection circuit, so that whether the load is short-circuited is judged.
2. The short detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the current conversion circuit (2) comprises:
and a current converter (Q1) having a control end connected to the second end of the voltage source (1) and a first end connected to the second end of the load through the current limiting circuit (4) and the protection circuit (3) in this order.
3. The short detection circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
the second end of the load is grounded through the load switch circuit (6), when the load switch circuit (6) is switched on, the external power supply supplies power to the load, and when the load switch circuit (6) is switched off, the load is subjected to short circuit detection.
4. The short circuit detection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the load switch circuit (6) comprises:
and a load control switch (Q2), wherein the first end of the load control switch is connected with the second end of the load, the second end of the load control switch is grounded, and the control end of the load control switch is connected with an external processor.
5. The short circuit detection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that the protection circuit (3) comprises:
a diode (D1) having an anode connected to the second terminal of the load and a cathode connected to the first terminal of the current transformer (Q1) via the current limiting circuit (4).
6. The short-circuit detection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that the current limiting circuit (4) comprises:
a first resistor (R1) having a first terminal connected to the cathode of the diode (D1) and an anode connected to the first terminal of the current transformer (Q1).
7. The short detection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that the sampling circuit (5) comprises:
a second resistor (R2) having a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the current transformer (Q1) and a second terminal connected to ground.
8. The short detection circuit of claim 7,
the voltage of the voltage source (1) is less than the sum of the minimum starting voltage of the LED load, the voltage of the diode (D1) and the voltage of the current converter (Q1).
9. The short detection circuit of claim 8,
when the voltage of the second end of the current converter (Q1) exceeds a preset voltage threshold value, determining that the load is short-circuited;
or, calculating the resistance value of the load according to the voltage of the voltage source (1), the voltage of the diode (D1), the voltage of the current converter (Q1), the voltage of the second end of the current converter (Q1), the resistance value of the first resistor (R1) and the resistance value of the second resistor (R2), and judging that the load is in a short circuit when the resistance value of the load is smaller than a preset threshold value.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111031359.1A CN113740765A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Short circuit detection circuit |
| DE102022122169.5A DE102022122169A1 (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2022-09-01 | A circuit for detecting short circuits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111031359.1A CN113740765A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Short circuit detection circuit |
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| CN113740765A true CN113740765A (en) | 2021-12-03 |
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| CN202111031359.1A Pending CN113740765A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Short circuit detection circuit |
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| CN (1) | CN113740765A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102022122169A1 (en) |
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| CN114170978A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-11 | 北京芯格诺微电子有限公司 | Backlight LED matrix driving device for display and fault detection method |
| CN115201554A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-10-18 | 中车工业研究院(青岛)有限公司 | No-load over-current detection circuit and no-load over-current detection system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022122169A1 (en) | 2023-03-09 |
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