CN113740663B - Airplane installed cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics - Google Patents

Airplane installed cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics Download PDF

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CN113740663B
CN113740663B CN202110953935.1A CN202110953935A CN113740663B CN 113740663 B CN113740663 B CN 113740663B CN 202110953935 A CN202110953935 A CN 202110953935A CN 113740663 B CN113740663 B CN 113740663B
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impedance
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CN113740663A (en
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王丹阳
唐健钧
叶波
张永建
曹虎
邓洪菊
谢银
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Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088Aspects of digital computing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aircraft fault diagnosis, in particular to an impedance characteristic-based aircraft installed cable fault positioning method, which comprises the steps of measuring basic electrical parameters of a cable of an aircraft, and establishing a typical fault impedance characteristic library and a typical process element characteristic library of the cable; carrying out differential comparison on the fault cable parameters and the standard cable parameters under the same conditions, extracting fault characteristic waveforms, and forming a fault criterion library D; and (3) comparing the measured cable impedance waveform with a fault criterion library D and typical process element characteristics to obtain a fault type, and calculating the position of a cable fault or abnormal point according to the reflection time. By the method, the problems of difficulty in positioning the cable fault and low troubleshooting working efficiency can be effectively solved.

Description

Airplane installed cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane fault diagnosis, in particular to an airplane installed cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics.
Background
The airplane power grid is used as a medium for power transmission and signal transmission of airborne equipment, undertakes transmission and distribution tasks of all electrical signals on the airplane, has great significance to the airplane, is known as a neural system of the airplane, and has safety and reliability directly related to safety and reliability of the airplane. Based on the rapid development of scientific technologies in various fields at present, various airplanes in China are continuously upgraded, and the intelligent degree of each airborne system is continuously improved, so that airborne photoelectric networks are increasingly complex, network topologies are more diverse, the number of nodes is huge, and the risk of single-point failure of the power grid is also increased.
The complexity of the power grid is increased, so that the difficulty of a large number of cables in the power grid in the production and installation processes of an airplane is increased, the surrounding environment of the installed cables is complex, the cables can be bent and twisted greatly, and the influence on the electrical performance of the cables is not clear; and often work under various complicated environment, the cable short circuit, open circuit, insulating damage etc. trouble appear easily, lead to partial electric channel to become invalid, serious probably leads to equipment to damage or grade accident.
When the existing airborne cable is subjected to troubleshooting or maintenance, the requirement of rapidness and accuracy is difficult to meet due to the difficulty in positioning the fault point. The reason why such fault points are difficult to locate is mainly that after the airborne cable is installed, the failed electric wires inside the airborne cable are often invisible or inaccessible and are completely shielded by surrounding structures or products; or even if exposed, it is difficult for the crew to successfully use their hands or tools for troubleshooting. Under the condition, a large amount of machine-mounted finished products and accessories are required to be disassembled and assembled for eliminating the faults, even an airplane needs to be disassembled from a cable, the workload is large, and the time consumption is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an airplane installation cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics, which can effectively solve the problems of difficult cable fault positioning and low troubleshooting working efficiency.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an airplane installed cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. measuring basic cable parameters of fault sample cables of different models, wherein the basic cable parameters comprise characteristic impedance Z of the cablecable(tp), establishing a corresponding cable typical fault impedance characteristic library DTFault(p, tp) and Cable typical Process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp); the p represents the type of the electrical fault of the cable, the q represents the type of a typical process element of the cable, and the tp represents the model of the cable;
b. library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of cableTFault(p, tp) with the same test conditionsPerforming differential operation on the normal characteristic impedance of the cable of the corresponding model, taking an absolute value as a result, extracting a fault characteristic waveform, and using the fault characteristic waveform as a fault criterion library D { | D _ TFault (p, tp) -Z _ cable (tp), … | };
c. determining the model of the tested fault cable, and testing the impedance characteristic Z of the tested fault cabletest(x,tp);
d. Judging impedance characteristic Z of tested fault cabletestWhether (x, tp) is contained in the library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of the cableTFault(p, tp) or cable typical process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp); if Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTFault(p, tp), then go to step e; if Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTComponent(q, tp), then the measured waveform and the characteristic library D of the typical process elements of the cable are obtainedTComponentAnd (q, tp) criterion is used for similarity calculation, if the similarity meets the requirement, the fault of the tested cable is q-type fault, and then the step g is carried out, wherein xiIndicating the ith fault or abnormal point of the tested cable;
e. testing the impedance profile Z of a normal cable belonging to the same twisted/shielded pair as the faulty cable under testn(xiTp), and obtaining fault waveform characteristics through differential calculation: i ZTest(xi,tp)-Zn(xi,tp)|;
f. Similarity calculation is carried out on the fault waveform characteristics and the fault criterion library D, if the similarity meets the requirement, the fault of the tested cable is a p-type fault, and then the step g is carried out;
g. calculating the fault point position of the tested fault cable:
L=K(tp)*△t,
wherein, L represents the distance between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, Deltat is the measured propagation time of the electric pulse signal between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, and K (tp) represents the specific proportionality coefficient of the fault cable.
K (tp) in the step g is obtained by the following method:
g1for cables of the same model, testing N length specifications to obtain N-1 characteristic proportionality coefficients K (tp) of the cables:
Figure BDA0003219661280000031
wherein the cable lengths are respectively marked as Lbase1(tp)、…、Lbasen(tp), measuring the propagation time of the electric pulse signal in the sample cable as delta tbase1(tp)、…、△tbasen(tp);
g2The characteristic proportionality coefficient of the cable of the model is as follows:
K(tp)=φ(Zcable(tp))=∑Kn(tp)/N-1,n=1,2,…,N
the cable typical fault impedance characteristic library DTFaultThe establishing method of (p, tp) is specifically as follows: manufacturing a typical fault sample cable of an airplane cable, measuring basic parameters of the cable of the typical fault sample cable, measuring and recording impedance waveform characteristics of the typical fault of the cable for the same type of fault for multiple times, and establishing a typical fault impedance characteristic library D of the cableTFault(p,tp)。
Typical faults of the cable include short circuits, open circuits, insulation breaks and shield breaks.
The cable typical process element characteristic library DTComponentThe establishing method of (q, tp) is specifically as follows: making a sample cable containing typical process elements, measuring basic parameters of the sample cable, measuring and recording impedance waveform characteristics of the typical process elements for a plurality of times for the sample cable containing the same type of process elements, and establishing an impedance characteristic library D of the typical process elements of the cableTComponent(q,tp)。
Typical process elements of the cable include a solder ring, a dead end and an electrical connector contact pair.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by the method, the airplane cable fault can be quickly judged and the fault point can be positioned, typical short circuit and open circuit faults of the cable can be identified, a corresponding process element impedance characteristic library of the cable is established, and interference of process elements such as a dead joint, a soldering tin ring, an electric connector contact couple and the like in the cable manufacturing process to troubleshooting is eliminated by a comparison method. The airplane cable fault positioning method based on the impedance characteristic can realize single-end testing of the cable, is simple in principle, cannot cause secondary damage to the onboard cable, has low requirements for circuit data, can improve troubleshooting efficiency, greatly shortens troubleshooting time and reduces useless work.
2. In the method, the difference operation is carried out on the typical fault impedance characteristic library of the cable and the normal characteristic impedance of the cable of the corresponding model under the same test condition, the fault characteristic waveform is extracted through the absolute value of the result, a fault criterion library D is newly established for the subsequent fault identification, and the single cable impedance characteristic contains the influence of the environment (such as temperature, bending degree and the like). Through differential operation, the influence of cable impedance change caused by environmental influence can be eliminated, so that the fault criterion is only related to the cable parameters and the fault type. The final fault is accurately judged by using the fault criterion base, so that the method is more accurate.
3. Because the environment on the airplane is complex, and after the cable is installed on the airplane, various bending and twisting phenomena exist, the impedance parameters of the cable are affected, and the fault cannot be accurately judged only from the impedance waveform of a single cable. In the method, the impedance waveform of the normal cable belonging to the same twisted/shielded pair as the tested fault cable is tested, so that the environmental influence is reduced, the environmental factor interference can be filtered through differential calculation, and the judgment accuracy is improved.
4. In the method, the characteristic proportionality coefficient of the cable is finally obtained through multiple measurements, and the accuracy is more accurate.
5. In establishing a cable typical fault impedance characteristic library DTFault(p, tp) and Cable typical Process element feature library DTComponentAnd (q, tp) firstly, a standard fault sample cable is manufactured and obtained after multiple measurements, so that the precision is improved conveniently.
6. Typical faults of the cable include short circuit, open circuit, insulation breakage and shielding breakage. The first two belong to permanent failure of the cable and the last two belong to the category of damage. However, the physical layer of the cable is damaged, and the loss of the physical layer of the cable material occurs, so that the functional failure of the cable is caused. When the cable is processed into an installed cable, various types of process treatment are required; the most common process is to lead out the cable shielding layer through a soldering tin ring and to perform wire gauge conversion through a dead joint. From a physical level, these process elements are later attached to the cable by soldering/crimping, etc. The introduction of process elements entails a change in the local impedance characteristics of the cable, unlike when the cable fails. The local impedance change caused by the cable processing is a normal phenomenon and not a fault.
Therefore, respectively establishing a typical fault impedance characteristic library D of the cableTFault(p, tp) and Cable typical Process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp), the cable impedance feature classification is more refined, on one hand, effective distinguishing is convenient for field workers to eliminate faults, and interference of impedance change caused by normal process elements is avoided; and on the other hand, a detailed data base is provided for the establishment of a subsequent cable electrical performance parameter knowledge base.
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The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of fault location in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for establishing a characteristic library of typical fault impedance of a cable and a characteristic library of typical process elements of the cable according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As a basic implementation mode of the invention, the invention comprises an airplane installed cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
a. measuring basic cable parameters of fault sample cables of different models, wherein the basic cable parameters comprise characteristic impedance Z of the cablecable(tp) and a cable characteristic scaling factor K (tp). Dividing the faults into typical faults of the cable and typical process element faults of the cable, and establishing a corresponding typical fault impedance characteristic library D of the cable according to the fault typesTFault(p, tp) andcable typical process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp); the p represents the type of the electrical fault of the cable, the q represents the type of the typical process element of the cable, and the tp represents the model of the cable.
b. Library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of cableTFaultAnd (p, tp) and the normal characteristic impedance of the cable of the corresponding model under the same test condition are subjected to differential operation, the result is an absolute value, and a fault characteristic waveform is extracted and used as a fault criterion library D { | D _ TFault (p, tp) -Z _ cable (tp), … | }.
c. Determining the model of the tested fault cable, and testing the impedance characteristic Z of the tested fault cabletest(x,tp)。
d. Judging impedance characteristic Z of tested fault cabletestWhether (x, tp) is contained in the library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of the cableTFault(p, tp) or cable typical process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp). If Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTFault(p, tp), step e is entered. If Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTComponent(q, tp), then the measured waveform and the characteristic library D of the typical process elements of the cable are obtainedTComponentAnd (q, tp) performing similarity calculation according to a criterion, if the similarity meets the requirement, the fault of the tested cable is a q-type fault, and then entering a step g, wherein xiIndicating the i-th fault or abnormal point of the tested cable.
e. Testing the impedance profile Z of a normal cable belonging to the same twisted/shielded pair as the faulty cable under testn(xiTp), and obtaining fault waveform characteristics through differential calculation: i ZTest(xi,tp)-Zn(xi,tp)|。
f. And (5) similarity calculation is carried out on the fault waveform characteristics and the fault criterion library D, if the similarity meets the requirement, the fault of the tested cable is a p-type fault, and then the step g is carried out.
g. Calculating the fault point position of the tested fault cable:
L=K(tp)*△t,
wherein, L represents the distance between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, Deltat is the measured propagation time of the electric pulse signal between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, and K (tp) represents the specific proportionality coefficient of the fault cable.
Example 2
As a best mode for implementing the invention, the invention comprises an airplane installed cable fault location method based on impedance characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
a. referring to the attached figure 2 of the specification, the module injects a voltage pulse signal into a tested cable, and the sampling unit collects and stores voltage wave incident and reflected wave data, and ideally, the propagation speeds of electromagnetic waves in the same electric wire are the same. Selecting a known model tp and a known length LbaseThe scaling factor k (tp) is obtained by the following formula: for cables of the same model, measurement is carried out for multiple times to improve the precision. Testing N length specifications to obtain N-1 cable characteristic proportionality coefficients K (tp):
Figure BDA0003219661280000061
wherein the cable lengths are respectively marked as Lbase1(tp)、…、Lbasen(tp), measuring the propagation time of the electric pulse signal in the sample cable as delta tbase1(tp)、…、△tbasen(tp). Then the characteristic scaling factor of the cable of the model is:
K(tp)=φ(Zcable(tp))=∑Kn(tp)/N-1,n=1,2,…,N
where phi is related to the cable type.
Determining the cable with determined length and known model tp under normal and intact state as a sample, and measuring basic parameters of the cable by using special equipment and a special switching tool, wherein the basic parameters comprise the characteristic impedance Z of the cablecable(tp), cable characteristic scaling factor K (tp); wherein the characteristic impedance of the cable can be directly obtained by the equipment, and the characteristic proportionality coefficient of the cable can be obtained by calculation.
Measuring basic parameters of the cable on a fault sample cable, wherein the measurement process is similar to the basic parameter measurement, measuring for the same type of fault for multiple times to improve the precision, recording the impedance waveform characteristics of typical cable faults, and establishing typical faults of the cableLibrary of Barrier impedance features DTFault(p, tp), said cable typical faults include short circuits, open circuits, insulation breaks and shielding breaks, the parameter p indicating the cable fault type.
Measuring basic cable parameters of fault sample cables of different models, wherein the basic cable parameters comprise characteristic impedance Z of the cablecable(tp), establishing a corresponding cable typical fault impedance characteristic library DTFault(p, tp) and Cable typical Process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp); the p represents the type of the electrical fault of the cable, the q represents the type of the typical process element of the cable, and the tp represents the model of the cable.
Making a sample cable containing typical process elements, measuring basic parameters of the sample cable in a similar process, measuring the sample cable containing the same type of process elements for multiple times to improve accuracy, recording impedance waveform characteristics of the typical process elements, and establishing an impedance characteristic library D of the typical process elements of the cableTComponent(q, tp), the cable representative process element comprises a solder ring, a dead joint and an electrical connector contact pair, and the parameter q represents the cable representative process element type.
b. Library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of cableTFaultAnd (p, tp) and the normal characteristic impedance of the cable of the corresponding model under the same test condition are subjected to differential operation, the result is an absolute value, and a fault characteristic waveform is extracted and used as a fault criterion library D { | D _ TFault (p, tp) -Z _ cable (tp), … | }.
c. Referring to the attached figure 1 of the specification, after a fault cable is found, the cable model is determined through a corresponding process file, and then the impedance characteristic Z of the tested fault cable is tested by using special equipment and a special adapter connectortest(x,tp)。
d. Judging impedance characteristic Z of tested fault cabletestWhether (x, tp) is contained in the library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of the cableTFault(p, tp) or cable typical process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp). If Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTFault(p, tp), if the fault of the tested cable belongs to the typical fault of the cable, the step e is carried out, and the step e is further carried out by utilizing a fault criterion libraryAnd calculating the line similarity. If Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTComponent(q, tp), then the measured waveform and the characteristic library D of the typical process elements of the cable are obtainedTComponent(q, tp) carrying out similarity calculation by criterion, wherein similarity results sI and A are similarity indexes; if sI>A, if the similarity meets the requirement, the tested cable does not have a fault and is abnormal in impedance caused by processing of a q-type typical cable process element; then go to step g, where xiIndicating the i-th fault or abnormal point of the tested cable.
e. Generally, because the environment on the airplane is complex, and after the cable is installed on the airplane, various bending and twisting phenomena exist, which will affect the impedance parameters of the cable, so that the impedance waveform of a single cable cannot be accurately judged by itself: thus, to reduce environmental impact, the impedance waveform Z of a normal cable belonging to the same twisted/shielded pair as the faulty cable under test is testedn(xiTp), and obtaining fault waveform characteristics through differential calculation: i ZTest(xi,tp)-Zn(xi,tp)|。
f. Similarity calculation is carried out on the fault waveform characteristics and the fault criterion base D, and similarity results sI and A are similarity indexes; if the sI is larger than A and the similarity meets the requirement, the fault of the tested cable is a p-type fault, and then the step g is carried out; otherwise, the fault of the tested cable does not belong to the typical fault in the fault library and needs the support of a technician.
g. Calculating the fault point position of the tested fault cable:
L=K(tp)*△t,
wherein, L represents the distance between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, Deltat is the measured propagation time of the electric pulse signal between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, and K (tp) represents the specific proportionality coefficient of the fault cable.
In summary, after reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art should make various other modifications without creative efforts according to the technical solutions and concepts of the present disclosure, which are within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (6)

1. An airplane installed cable fault positioning method based on impedance characteristics is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. measuring basic cable parameters of fault sample cables of different models, wherein the basic cable parameters comprise characteristic impedance Z of the cablecable(tp), establishing a corresponding cable typical fault impedance characteristic library DTFault(p, tp) and Cable typical Process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp); the p represents the type of the electrical fault of the cable, the q represents the type of a typical process element of the cable, and the tp represents the model of the cable;
b. library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of cableTFault(p, tp) and the normal characteristic impedance of the cable with the corresponding model under the same test condition are subjected to differential operation, the result is an absolute value, a fault characteristic waveform is extracted, and the fault characteristic waveform is used as a fault criterion library D { | D _ TFault (p, tp) -Z _ cable (tp), … | };
c. determining the model of the tested fault cable, and testing the impedance characteristic Z of the tested fault cabletest(x,tp);
d. Judging impedance characteristic Z of tested fault cabletestWhether (x, tp) is contained in the library D of typical fault impedance characteristics of the cableTFault(p, tp) or cable typical process element feature library DTComponent(q, tp); if Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTFault(p, tp), then go to step e; if Z isTest(xi,tp)∈DTComponent(q, tp), then the measured waveform and the characteristic library D of the typical process elements of the cable are obtainedTComponentAnd (q, tp) performing similarity calculation according to a criterion, if the similarity meets the requirement, the fault of the tested cable is a q-type fault, and then entering a step g, wherein xiIndicating the ith fault or abnormal point of the tested cable;
e. testing the impedance profile Z of a normal cable belonging to the same twisted/shielded pair as the faulty cable under testn(xiTp), and obtaining fault waveform characteristics through differential calculation: i ZTest(xi,tp)-Zn(xi,tp)|;
f. Similarity calculation is carried out on the fault waveform characteristics and the fault criterion library D, if the similarity meets the requirement, the fault of the tested cable is a p-type fault, and then the step g is carried out;
g. calculating the fault point position of the tested fault cable:
L=K(tp)*△t,
wherein, L represents the distance between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, Deltat is the measured propagation time of the electric pulse signal between the detection end of the cable and the fault point, and K (tp) represents the specific proportionality coefficient of the fault cable.
2. The method for positioning the fault of the installed cable of the airplane based on the impedance characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: k (tp) in the step g is obtained by the following method:
g1for cables of the same model, testing N length specifications to obtain N-1 characteristic proportionality coefficients K (tp) of the cables:
Figure FDA0003219661270000021
wherein the cable lengths are respectively marked as Lbase1(tp)、…、Lbasen(tp), measuring the propagation time of the electric pulse signal in the sample cable as delta tbase1(tp)、…、Δtbasen(tp);
g2The characteristic proportionality coefficient of the cable of the model is as follows:
K(tp)=φ(Zcable(tp))=∑Kn(tp)/N-1,n=1,2,…,N。
3. the method for positioning the fault of the installed cable of the airplane based on the impedance characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cable typical fault impedance characteristic library DTFaultThe establishing method of (p, tp) is specifically as follows: manufacturing a typical fault sample cable of an airplane cable, measuring basic parameters of the cable of the typical fault sample cable, measuring and recording impedance waveform characteristics of the typical fault of the cable for the same type of fault for multiple times, and establishing a typical fault impedance characteristic library D of the cableTFault(p,tp)。
4. The method for positioning the fault of the installed cable of the airplane based on the impedance characteristics as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: typical faults of the cable include short circuits, open circuits, insulation breaks and shield breaks.
5. The method for positioning the fault of the installed cable of the airplane based on the impedance characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cable typical process element characteristic library DTComponentThe establishing method of (q, tp) is specifically as follows: making a sample cable containing typical process elements, measuring basic parameters of the sample cable, measuring and recording impedance waveform characteristics of the typical process elements for a plurality of times for the sample cable containing the same type of process elements, and establishing an impedance characteristic library D of the typical process elements of the cableTComponent(q,tp)。
6. The method for positioning the fault of the installed cable of the airplane based on the impedance characteristics as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: typical process elements of the cable include a solder ring, a dead end and an electrical connector contact pair.
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基于时域反射法的航空电缆故障定位技术研究;王丹阳,唐健钧,陈讴,景世才;《航空制造技术》;20191215;全文 *

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