CN113739911A - Method and device for measuring light irradiation intensity - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring light irradiation intensity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113739911A CN113739911A CN202111031011.2A CN202111031011A CN113739911A CN 113739911 A CN113739911 A CN 113739911A CN 202111031011 A CN202111031011 A CN 202111031011A CN 113739911 A CN113739911 A CN 113739911A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
- G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
- G01J1/0422—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using light concentrators, collectors or condensers
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Abstract
A method and a device for measuring light irradiation intensity belong to the field of light irradiation intensity measurement and are characterized in that: selecting a light attenuation plate with the light transmission ratio of alpha; the light to be measured with too large irradiation intensity is firstly attenuated by the light attenuation plate, then mixed in the light mixer and finally irradiated on the photosensitive element, so that the irradiation intensity of the strong light can be accurately measured. The device comprises a light attenuation plate, a light mixer and a photosensitive element; the light mixer is arranged between the light attenuation plate and the photosensitive element; the light attenuation plate is an opaque plate provided with a plurality of through holes or a transparent plate provided with a plurality of opaque patterns; the light mixer is a hollow cavity with two open ends. The upper limit of the light irradiation intensity which can be measured by the photosensitive element can be effectively improved; the light irradiation intensity testing device is simple in structure, easy to operate and use, simple and efficient in testing method and suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of light irradiation intensity measurement, and particularly relates to a method and a device for measuring light irradiation intensity.
Background
Currently, the intensity of light irradiation is mainly measured by a radiometer. The radiometer realizes the measurement of the light radiation intensity through photoelectric conversion or photothermal conversion, and when the light radiation intensity is increased, the electric signal is correspondingly enhanced or the temperature is correspondingly increased, so that the light radiation intensity is measured. The radiation meter is widely applied to the fields of solar energy utilization, meteorology, agriculture, building, material aging, atmospheric pollution, ecological investigation and the like.
Most of the existing radiation meters for measurement can only test 4000W/m2(i.e., 4 suns) or less light irradiation intensity; when the light irradiation intensity is increased, the measurement is easy to be inaccurate due to nonlinear distortion of photoelectric conversion, insufficient high temperature resistance of the heat absorbing material and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems and to providing a method and an apparatus for accurately measuring the intensity of intense light irradiation.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring light irradiation intensity, comprising the steps of:
selecting a light attenuation plate with the light transmission ratio of alpha;
gathering and mixing the light to be detected after passing through the light attenuation plate to obtain gathered and mixed light;
irradiating the gathered and mixed light to the photosensitive element, and reading test data T1 through the photosensitive element;
the light irradiation intensity of the light to be measured T = K × T1/α, where K is a correction coefficient.
Further, in the method for measuring light irradiation intensity of the present invention, the step of calculating the light transmittance ratio α of the light attenuation plate includes:
determining the area Sz of an effective illumination area on the light attenuation plate; the area of the light attenuation plate, which is butted with the first end opening, is an effective area;
determining the area St of a light-transmitting area in the effective area;
the light transmission ratio α = St/Sz.
Further, in the method for measuring light irradiation intensity according to the present invention, the calculating of the correction coefficient K includes:
selecting a light attenuation plate with the known light irradiation intensity of T, to-be-detected light and the known light transmission ratio alpha;
acquiring test data T1 through the photosensitive element;
the correction factor K = T α/T1.
Further, according to the method for measuring the light irradiation intensity of the present invention, the light transmittance ratio α is less than 1.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for measuring light irradiation intensity, comprising a light attenuation plate, a light mixer and a photosensitive element;
the light mixer is arranged between the light attenuation plate and the photosensitive element;
the light attenuation plate is an opaque plate provided with a plurality of through holes or a transparent plate provided with a plurality of opaque patterns;
the light mixer is a cavity which is hollow inside and provided with openings at two ends;
the photosensitive element can change physical or chemical parameters under the action of light; the light beam passing through the light attenuation plate is gathered by arranging the light mixer, so that the light beam is prevented from being dispersed to the periphery, and the total light quantity passing through the light attenuation plate is ensured to be stable; meanwhile, the light beams are fully and uniformly mixed, and the measurement error caused by the fact that the light beams uniformly irradiate the photosensitive element is avoided. When testing, the light to be tested with too large irradiation intensity is firstly attenuated by the light attenuation plate, then mixed by the light mixer and finally irradiated on the photosensitive element, and the test result can be obtained according to the test method of the first aspect, so that the upper limit of the light irradiation intensity which can be measured by the photosensitive element is improved.
Furthermore, according to the device for testing light irradiation intensity, the openings at the two ends of the light mixer are respectively a first end opening and a second end opening; the length of the light mixer is more than one third of the size of the opening; the first end opening is butted with the light attenuation plate; the second end opening is in butt joint with the light inlet window of the photosensitive part; the light beams can be sufficiently gathered and mixed in the light mixer.
Further, according to the device for testing the light irradiation intensity, the thickness of the light attenuation plate is less than or equal to 5 mm; too large thickness of the light attenuation plate can affect the reduction of precision of the light transmission proportion of the light attenuation plate, thereby causing the reduction of precision of the whole testing device.
Furthermore, the testing device for light irradiation intensity of the invention is characterized in that a light diffusion plate is arranged in front of the first end opening; the light diffusion plate is arranged to scatter the passing light beam, so that the direction of the light beam is scattered. The measurement deviation which is possibly brought when the light to be measured is approximately parallel light is prevented. Because if the detected light is parallel light, the light beam can be changed into a plurality of discrete parallel light beams after passing through the light attenuation plate, and the parallel light beams and the light mixer can not fully act and can directly irradiate on the light inlet window of the photosensitive element; if one of the parallel light beams can or cannot enter the light-entering window of the photosensitive element, the test result of the test device will have a large deviation.
Furthermore, in the device for testing the light irradiation intensity, the material of the inner wall of the light mixer is one or any combination of aluminum, silver, stainless steel, a mirror, alumina ceramic, zirconia ceramic and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate; the photosensitive element is a solar cell or a semiconductor or a heat absorption temperature measuring device or a photochemical substance; the materials with uniform absorption spectrums are adopted, the spectrum change of the light beams passing through the light mixer is less, and the measurement precision is improved.
Further, according to the device for testing the light irradiation intensity, the through holes or the opaque patterns on the light attenuation plate are regularly arranged on the light attenuation plate at equal intervals; through the arrangement of the through holes or the opaque patterns which are regularly arranged, the light beams which pass through the light attenuation plate are also regular, so that the subsequent treatment is easy to further carry out.
According to the method and the device for testing the light irradiation intensity, the light to be tested with too high irradiation intensity is firstly attenuated by the light attenuation plate, then is mixed in the light mixer, and finally is irradiated on the photosensitive element, so that the irradiation intensity of strong light can be accurately measured, for example, the accurate test of the light irradiation intensity of 150 suns can be realized through the light attenuation plate with the light transmission ratio of 1/150; thereby increasing the upper limit of the light irradiation intensity that can be measured by the photosensitive member; the light irradiation intensity testing device is simple in structure, easy to operate and use, simple and efficient in testing method and suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring light irradiation intensity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a light attenuation panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the light attenuation plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a light attenuation panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a light attenuation panel according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
the light source comprises a light attenuation plate 1, an effective area 2, a through hole 3, a light-tight round 4, a light mixer 5, a light sensitive element 6 and a light diffusion plate 7.
Detailed Description
The method and apparatus for measuring light irradiation intensity according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example one
The device for testing the light irradiation intensity according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, includes a light attenuation plate 1, a light mixer 5, and a photosensitive element 6, where the light mixer 5 is disposed between the light attenuation plate 1 and a probe; the light attenuation plate 1, the light mixer 5 and the light inlet window of the photosensitive element 6 are arranged on the same central axis.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the light attenuation plate 1 is a square thin metal plate with a thickness of 1mm, and an effective area 2 with a size Z × Z is disposed on the light attenuation plate 1; a rectangular through hole 3 with the size t1 × t2 is arranged in the effective area 2; according to the test method of the first aspect of the present invention, the light attenuation panel 1 has a light transmission ratio α = t1 × t2/(Z × Z).
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the light mixer 5 is a hollow cavity with openings at two ends, and the openings are a first end opening and a second end opening respectively; the length of the light mixer 5 is greater than one third of the size of the opening Z3 so that the light beams can be mixed well. The light mixer 5 in the disclosed embodiment is a rectangular tube surrounded by specular aluminum plates, and its length L =2 × Z3; the first end opening size is Z x Z, is as large as and attached to the effective area 2 on the light attenuation plate 1, and the second end opening size is Z3 x Z3 and is smaller than the first end opening Z x Z; the second end opening is butted with the light inlet window of the photosensitive part 6. The light mixer 5 is arranged to ensure that the ratio of the light energy passing through the light attenuation plate 1 to the light energy reaching the photosensitive element 6 is a fixed value, which is called the light energy utilization rate tau of the light mixer 5; and the light beams can be fully and uniformly mixed, so that the measurement error caused by the nonuniform irradiation of the light beams on the photosensitive element 6 is avoided.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the light spreading plate 7 with the first end open in front is disposed in front of the light attenuation plate 1, i.e. between the light source to be measured and the light attenuation plate 1; the light spreading plate 7 in the embodiment is a glass plate with double-sided sand blasting, and the size of the glass plate is 1cm larger than that of the through hole 3 on the light attenuation plate 1, so that light beams can be scattered; when it is sunlight, measurement deviation may be brought about. The light spreading plate 7 can scatter the passing light beams, so that the directions of the light beams are scattered, and the light to be measured is prevented from being approximate parallel light. If the detected light is parallel light, the light beam passes through the light attenuation plate 1 to become a plurality of discrete parallel light beams, and the parallel light beams may not be sufficiently converged and mixed with the light mixer 5 and directly irradiate on the light inlet window of the photosensitive element 6. If one of the parallel beams happens to or cannot enter the light-entrance window of the light-sensitive element 6, the test results will be greatly deviated.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive member 6 is a solar cell; as shown in fig. 1, a solar cell is connected in series with an ammeter, and a semicircular sealing shell is covered on the solar cell to serve as a light inlet window;
when testing, the light beam to be tested passes through the light attenuation plate 1, is gathered and mixed in the light mixer 5, and then irradiates on the solar cell; the solar cell converts the received light into current through the solar cell, and the current I is collected by the ammeter. According to the test principle in the technical field: within four suns, current and irradiance are linearly related; beyond four suns, the current and irradiance lose a linear relationship. Passing a current I through a known irradiance TcAt a predetermined current I0By contrast, the irradiation intensity T of the light to be measured can be obtained1=Tc*I/I0。
When a strong light test is performed, if the irradiance is 150 suns, the irradiance is firstly attenuated to 1 sun by using the light attenuation plate 1 with the light transmission ratio of 1/150, and the light attenuation plate is gathered and mixed to be measured by the photosensitive member 6. When the weak light test is performed, for example, 4 suns, the light attenuation plate 1 with the light transmission ratio of 1/2 is replaced, and the irradiance is attenuated to 2 suns, and then the measurement is performed.
When the device for testing the light irradiation intensity is used for testing, light to be tested with too high irradiation intensity is firstly attenuated by the light attenuation plate 1, then gathered and mixed in the light mixer 5, and finally irradiated on the photosensitive element 6, so that the upper limit of the light irradiation intensity which can be measured by the photosensitive element 6 is improved.
Obviously, in a specific application, an operator may change the effective area 2 on the light attenuation plate 1 into other patterns, such as a rectangle, a circle, etc., according to actual needs; the through hole 3 is replaced by other shapes such as a circle, a triangle and the like, so that the realization of the light attenuation effect is not influenced. Meanwhile, the side length of the rectangular through hole 3 can be adjusted through simple mechanical design, and the light transmission ratio can be adjusted within a certain range without disassembling the light attenuation plate 1. Meanwhile, the material of the light mixer 5 can be changed into one or any combination of a mirror silver plate, a matte silver plate, stainless steel, a mirror, alumina ceramic, zirconia ceramic and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate according to the actual input cost and the spectral characteristics of the light to be measured.
In specific application, technicians can select different photosensitive elements 6 according to actual use conditions; when the photosensitive element 6 is a semiconductor, the semiconductor is connected into a circuit, and when light irradiates, the light irradiation intensity is measured according to the corresponding change of the internal resistance of the semiconductor; when the photosensitive element 6 adopts a heat absorption temperature measuring device, the light irradiation intensity is measured according to the temperature rise condition of the heat absorption temperature measuring device when the photosensitive element is irradiated by light; when the imaging chip is selected as the photosensitive element 6, the corresponding photo is taken out after the imaging chip is illuminated, and the measurement and calculation of the light irradiation intensity are carried out according to the ratio of the brightness of the photo and the illumination; when the photosensitive member 6 is made of a photochemical substance, the chemical reaction rate increases after the photochemical substance is irradiated with light, and the light irradiation intensity is measured by measuring the rate of decrease of the original substance or the rate of formation of a new substance in the chemical reaction.
Example two
Based on the first embodiment, the embodiment of the present disclosure discloses a method for measuring light irradiation intensity, which specifically includes the following steps:
step one, the light irradiation intensity of the light to be measured is estimated to be about 200 suns, the light sensitive element 6 selected by the embodiment is tested more accurately within 4 suns, and the light attenuation plate 1 with the light transmission ratio of alpha =2/200=1/100 is preliminarily determined and selected;
selecting a light attenuation plate 1 with the light transmission ratio of alpha; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the effective area 2 is a square with a side length of 10mm, and the through hole 3 is a square through hole 3 with a side length of 1 mm;
thirdly, the light beam to be measured firstly passes through the light spreading plate 7 to be diffused, then passes through the light attenuation plate 1, and is reflected for multiple times in the inner wall of the light mixer 5 to realize gathering and mixing;
fourthly, irradiating the gathered and mixed light on the photosensitive element 6, and reading out the current value T1 of the photosensitive element 6; after the correction coefficient K is obtained, the irradiation intensity T of the light to be measured can be obtained by the formula T = K × T1/α.
The correction coefficient K, the light energy utilization rate of the light diffusion plate 7 and the light mixer 5 are fixed values, and after the correction coefficient K is obtained once, the relevant conditions are not changed, and only the light attenuation plate 1 is replaced, and the correction coefficient K is considered to be unchanged. The process of obtaining the correction coefficients is therefore: the intensity of light irradiation at a given position below the standard light source was T00, and the light-sensitive element 6 at that position was measured as T11; the light attenuation plate 1 is not installed, and is equivalent to the light attenuation plate 1 with the light transmission ratio of 1; then K = T00 × 1/T11= T00/T11.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the light attenuation plate 1 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is a square thin metal plate with a thickness of 1mm, an effective area 2 with a size of Z × Z is disposed on the metal plate, and 9 circular through holes 3 with a radius of r are disposed in the effective area 2; the light transmission ratio α = 9 × pi r2/(Z × Z) of the light attenuation panel 1 is thus obtained.
Obviously, in a specific application, the skilled person can replace the active area 2 with other patterns, such as rectangular, circular, etc.; the through holes 3 are changed into other shapes such as rectangle, triangle and the like, or the number of the through holes 3 is increased or reduced, so that the realization of the light attenuation effect is not influenced; meanwhile, through simple mechanical design, part of the through holes 3 are blocked, so that the light transmission proportion can be adjusted within a certain range without disassembling the light attenuation plate 1. The measurement apparatus and the measurement process in the embodiment of the disclosure are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Example four
On the basis of the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the light attenuation plate 1 in the embodiment of the present disclosure is a transparent PMMA plate with a square shape and a thickness of 1mm, an effective area 2 with a dimension Z × Z is provided on the plate, and 9 opaque circles 4 with a radius r are provided in the effective area 2; the light attenuation panel 1 therefore has a light transmission ratio α = 1-9 × pi r2/(Z × Z).
Obviously, in a specific application, the skilled person can replace the active area 2 with other patterns, such as rectangular, circular, etc.; the light-tight round 4 is changed into other shapes such as rectangle, triangle and the like; or the number of the light-proof circles 4 is increased or decreased, and the light attenuation effect is not influenced. The measurement apparatus and the measurement process in the embodiment of the disclosure are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring light irradiation intensity, characterized by:
selecting a light attenuation plate with the light transmission ratio of alpha;
gathering and mixing the light to be detected after passing through the light attenuation plate to obtain gathered and mixed light;
irradiating the gathered and mixed light to the photosensitive element, and reading test data T1 through the photosensitive element;
the light irradiation intensity of the light to be measured T = K × T1/α, where K is a correction coefficient.
2. The method for measuring light irradiation intensity according to claim 1, wherein: the calculation step of the light transmission proportion alpha of the light attenuation plate comprises the following steps:
determining the area Sz of an effective illumination area on the light attenuation plate;
determining the area St of a light-transmitting area in the effective area;
the light transmission ratio α = St/Sz.
3. A method of measuring light irradiation intensity according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the calculation step of the correction coefficient K includes:
selecting a light attenuation plate with the known light irradiation intensity of T, to-be-detected light and the known light transmission ratio alpha;
acquiring test data T1 through the photosensitive element;
the correction factor K = T α/T1.
4. The method for measuring light irradiation intensity according to claim 3, wherein: the light transmission ratio alpha is less than 1.
5. A light irradiation intensity measuring apparatus, characterized in that: comprises a light attenuation plate, a light mixer and a photosensitive element;
the light mixer is arranged between the light attenuation plate and the photosensitive element;
the light attenuation plate is an opaque plate provided with a plurality of through holes or a transparent plate provided with a plurality of opaque patterns;
the light mixer is a hollow cavity with two open ends.
6. A device for measuring light irradiation intensity according to claim 5, wherein; the openings at the two ends of the light mixer are respectively a first end opening and a second end opening; the length of the light mixer is more than one third of the size of the opening; the first end opening is butted with the light attenuation plate; the second end opening is in butt joint with the light inlet window of the photosensitive part.
7. A light irradiation intensity measuring apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the thickness of the light attenuation plate is less than or equal to 5 mm.
8. The apparatus for measuring light irradiation intensity according to claim 7, wherein: a light diffusion plate is arranged in front of the first end opening.
9. The apparatus for measuring light irradiation intensity according to claim 8, wherein: the inner wall of the light mixer is made of one or any combination of aluminum, silver, stainless steel, a mirror, alumina ceramic, zirconia ceramic and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate; the photosensitive element is a solar cell or a semiconductor or a heat absorption temperature measuring device or an imaging chip or a photochemical substance.
10. The apparatus for measuring light irradiation intensity according to claim 9, wherein: the through holes or the opaque patterns on the light attenuation plate are regularly arranged on the light attenuation plate at equal intervals.
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| CN202111031011.2A CN113739911A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Method and device for measuring light irradiation intensity |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117705270A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 华中科技大学 | High-precision solar radiation measurement device and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117705270A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 华中科技大学 | High-precision solar radiation measurement device and method |
| CN117705270B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-04-30 | 华中科技大学 | High-precision solar radiation measurement device and method |
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