CN113739470B - Preparation method of ice surface of ice sports track surface layer and ice sports track - Google Patents

Preparation method of ice surface of ice sports track surface layer and ice sports track Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113739470B
CN113739470B CN202111012272.XA CN202111012272A CN113739470B CN 113739470 B CN113739470 B CN 113739470B CN 202111012272 A CN202111012272 A CN 202111012272A CN 113739470 B CN113739470 B CN 113739470B
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ice
concentration
solution
mmol
pouring
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CN113739470A (en
Inventor
马丽然
董唱
刘媛
石志峰
黄致韬
王浩宇
汪家道
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to US17/686,419 priority patent/US20230075532A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for ice rinks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H4/00—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/10—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds for artificial surfaces for outdoor or indoor practice of snow or ice sports
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/10—Ice-skating or roller-skating rinks; Slopes or trails for skiing, ski-jumping or tobogganing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of artificial ice making, in particular to a method for preparing a surface ice surface of an ice sports track and the ice sports track. The preparation method of the surface ice surface of the sports track on the ice comprises the following steps: applying a salt solution with the anion concentration of 0.63 mmol/L-10 mmol/L to the ice surface, wherein the anion in the salt solution is selected from at least one of chloride ion, nitrate ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, chlorate ion, perchlorate ion and thiocyanate ion; and controlling the ice surface temperature to be-4-14 ℃ to naturally freeze the salt solution.

Description

Preparation method of ice surface of ice sports track surface layer and ice sports track
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial ice making, in particular to a method for preparing a surface ice surface of an ice sports track and the ice sports track.
Background
With the popularization of ice and snow sports, the ice sports such as speed skating, curling, ice hockey and other projects are concerned more and more, and the requirements of the public and professional athletes on the ice surface of the ice sports track are higher and higher. The contact with the athletes or the sports equipment is the surface ice surface, and the surface ice surface has great influence on the sports experience and the performance of the athletes. In the process of ice making, the surface ice surface is made by spraying ice water around the ice car. When actually making surface layer ice surface, the problem that the ice surface coefficient of friction is high, the ice surface coefficient of friction is unstable, the ice surface ftractures when kicking ice often exists. These problems not only affect the aesthetics of the ice surface, but also the stability of the athlete during actual training, and even become a potential risk factor in partial high speed racing.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the preparation method of the surface ice surface of the sports track on the ice and the sports track on the ice can obviously reduce the friction coefficient of the ice surface and prevent the ice surface from cracking.
In one aspect of the invention, a method for preparing an ice surface on a surface layer of an ice sports track is provided, which comprises the following steps:
applying a salt solution with the anion concentration of 0.63 mmol/L-10 mmol/L to the ice surface, wherein the anion in the salt solution is selected from at least one of chloride ion, nitrate ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, chlorate ion, perchlorate ion and thiocyanate ion; and
the temperature of the ice surface is controlled to be-4 ℃ to 14 ℃ so that the salt solution is naturally frozen.
In one embodiment, the salt solution is naturally frozen by controlling the ice surface temperature to be-6 ℃ to-7 ℃.
In one embodiment, the anion in the salt solution is chloride ion, and the concentration of the chloride ion is 2.5 mmol/L-10 mmol/L.
In one embodiment, the anion in the salt solution is nitrate ion, and the concentration of the nitrate ion is 2.5 mmol/L-8 mmol/L.
In one embodiment, the anion in the salt solution is bromide ion, and the concentration of the bromide ion is 2.5 mmol/L-6 mmol/L.
In one embodiment, the salt solution is iodide ion, and the concentration of the iodide ion is 2.5 mmol/L-5 mmol/L.
In one embodiment, the anion in the salt solution is chlorate ions, and the concentration of the chlorate ions is 1 mmol/L-5 mmol/L.
In one embodiment, the anion in the salt solution is perchlorate ion, and the concentration of the perchlorate ion is 1mmol/L to 4 mmol/L.
In one embodiment, the salt solution is prepared by taking thiocyanate ions as the middle anions, and the concentration of the thiocyanate ions is 0.63 mmol/L-3 mmol/L.
On the other hand, the invention provides the ice sports track prepared by the preparation method for the ice surface of the surface layer of the ice sports track.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method of the ice surface of the sports track on the ice, the salt solution with specific concentration and specific anions is adopted to replace pure water in the prior art to be applied to the ice surface for freezing, the anions can form hydrated ions in water, and when the ice surface is contacted with a sports apparatus, due to the existence of the hydrated ions, hydrated repulsive force (electrostatic repulsive force) can be generated on the contact surface, so that the actual contact pressure of a friction pair is reduced, and the friction coefficient of the ice surface is further reduced. The freezing temperature is controlled to be-4-14 ℃, the concentration of the salt solution is low, the freezing time does not exceed 30s in the temperature range, the formed ice crystals have good appearance, and the friction coefficient of the ice surface is not increased. In addition, in the ice structure, the more hydrogen bonds, the more easily the ice surface is damaged under pressure, and cracking occurs, and the formation of hydrated ions destroys the hydrogen bond connection between the original water molecules, so that the preparation method of the ice surface layer of the sports track on ice provided by the invention can effectively avoid the ice surface cracking.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the surface ice surface of the sports track on the ice provided by the invention has the characteristics that the added salt solution does not influence the original ice surface of the track too much, and the preparation method has small influence, low cost and good practicability.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are described below. Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation, of the invention. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment.
It is therefore intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Other objects, features and aspects of the present invention are disclosed in or are apparent from the following detailed description. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Other than as shown in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, physical and chemical properties, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". For example, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and attached claims are approximations that can be suitably varied by those skilled in the art in seeking to obtain the desired properties utilizing the teachings disclosed herein. The use of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range and any range within that range, for example, 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5, and the like.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of ice surface on the surface layer of an ice sports track, which comprises the following steps:
applying a salt solution with the concentration of anions of 0.63 mmol/L-10 mmol/L to the ice surface, wherein the anions in the salt solution are selected from at least one of chloride ions, nitrate ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, chlorate ions, perchlorate ions and thiocyanate ions, and the cations are selected from metal ions;
the temperature of the ice surface is controlled to be-4 ℃ to 14 ℃ so that the salt solution is naturally frozen.
The cation in the salt solution is not particularly limited and may include, but is not limited to, Na + 、K + 、Ca 2+ 、Fe 3+ 、NH 4 + And the like.
In some embodiments, the ice surface temperature is controlled to be between-6 ℃ and-7 ℃. In the temperature range, the salt solution can be well frozen, and the energy consumption is lower.
In some embodiments, the anion in the salt solution is selected from chloride ion, and the concentration of chloride ion can be any value between 0.63mmol/L and 10mmol/L, and can also be, for example, 1.25mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 2.5mmol/L, 3mmol/L, 3.5mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 4.5mmol/L, 5mmol/L, 5.5mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 6.5mmol/L, 7mmol/L, 7.5mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 8.5mmol/L, 9mmol/L, 9.5mmol/L, preferably 2.5mmol/L to 10 mmol/L. If the concentration of the chloride ions is too low, the friction coefficient of the ice surface cannot be effectively reduced, and if the concentration of the chloride ions is too high, the freezing point of the solution is lowered, so that the solution is difficult to freeze.
In some embodiments, the anion in the salt solution is selected from nitrate ions, and the concentration of nitrate ions can be any value between 0.63mmol/L and 10mmol/L, such as 1.25mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 2.5mmol/L, 3mmol/L, 3.5mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 4.5mmol/L, 5mmol/L, 5.5mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 6.5mmol/L, 7mmol/L, 7.5mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 8.5mmol/L, 9mmol/L, 9.5mmol/L, preferably 2.5mmol/L to 8 mmol/L. The concentration of the nitrate ions is too low to effectively reduce the ice friction coefficient, and the concentration of the nitrate ions is too high to reduce the freezing point of the solution, so that the solution is difficult to freeze.
In some embodiments, the anion in the salt solution is selected from bromide, and the concentration of bromide may be any value between 0.63mmol/L and 10mmol/L, and may for example also be 1.25mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 2.5mmol/L, 3mmol/L, 3.5mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 4.5mmol/L, 5mmol/L, 5.5mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 6.5mmol/L, 7mmol/L, 7.5mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 8.5mmol/L, 9mmol/L, 9.5mmol/L, preferably 2.5mmol/L to 6 mmol/L. When the concentration of the bromide ions is too low, the friction coefficient of the ice surface cannot be effectively reduced, and when the concentration is too high, the freezing point of the solution is reduced, so that the solution is difficult to freeze.
In some embodiments, the anion in the salt solution is selected from iodide ion, and the concentration of iodide ion can be any value between 0.63mmol/L and 10mmol/L, and can be, for example, 1.25mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 2.5mmol/L, 3mmol/L, 3.5mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 4.5mmol/L, 5mmol/L, 5.5mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 6.5mmol/L, 7mmol/L, 7.5mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 8.5mmol/L, 9mmol/L, 9.5mmol/L, preferably 2.5mmol/L to 5 mmol/L. If the concentration of the iodide ions is too low, the friction coefficient of the ice surface cannot be effectively reduced, and if the concentration of the iodide ions is too high, the freezing point of the solution is reduced, and the solution is difficult to freeze.
In some embodiments, the anion in the salt solution is selected from chlorate ions, and the concentration of chlorate ions can be anywhere between 0.63mmol/L and 10mmol/L, and can also be, for example, 1.25mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 2.5mmol/L, 3mmol/L, 3.5mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 4.5mmol/L, 5mmol/L, 5.5mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 6.5mmol/L, 7mmol/L, 7.5mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 8.5mmol/L, 9mmol/L, 9.5mmol/L, preferably 1mmol/L to 5 mmol/L. If the concentration of chlorate ions is too low, the friction coefficient of the ice surface cannot be effectively reduced, and if the concentration is too high, the freezing point of the solution is reduced, so that the solution is difficult to freeze.
In some embodiments, the anion in the salt solution is selected from perchlorate ion, and the concentration of perchlorate ion may be any value between 0.63mmol/L and 10mmol/L, and may further be, for example, 1.25mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 2.5mmol/L, 3mmol/L, 3.5mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 4.5mmol/L, 5mmol/L, 5.5mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 6.5mmol/L, 7mmol/L, 7.5mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 8.5mmol/L, 9mmol/L, 9.5mmol/L, and preferably 1mmol/L to 4 mmol/L. Too low perchlorate ion concentration can not effectively reduce the ice friction coefficient, and too high perchlorate ion concentration can reduce the freezing point of the solution and is difficult to freeze.
In some embodiments, the anion in the salt solution is selected from thiocyanate ions, and the concentration of thiocyanate ions may be any value between 0.63mmol/L and 10mmol/L, and may be, for example, 1.25mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 2.5mmol/L, 3mmol/L, 3.5mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 4.5mmol/L, 5mmol/L, 5.5mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 6.5mmol/L, 7mmol/L, 7.5mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 8.5mmol/L, 9mmol/L, 9.5mmol/L, preferably 0.63mmol/L and 3 mmol/L. If the concentration of the thiocyanate ions is too low, the friction coefficient of the ice surface cannot be effectively reduced, and if the concentration of the thiocyanate ions is too high, the freezing point of the solution is lowered, so that the solution is difficult to freeze.
The temperature-sensitive mask of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The present invention is intended to be further described in detail to assist those skilled in the art and researchers to further understand the present invention, and the technical conditions and the like do not limit the present invention. Any modification made within the scope of the claims of the present invention is within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The examples, which are not specifically illustrated, employ drugs and equipment, all of which are conventional in the art. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not indicated in the examples, were carried out according to conventional conditions, such as those described in the literature, in books, or as recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
1. Weighing 146.25g of sodium chloride, adding into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 Fully dissolving the mixture in water to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium chloride in the ice pouring solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of chloride ions in the ice pouring solution is 2.5 mmol/L.
2. And (3) the ice-pouring vehicle winds around the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the ice-pouring vehicle sprays the sodium chloride aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) to the ice surface around the ice field for a circle, and the ice surface is completely frozen after 30 minutes to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the racetrack.
Example 2
1. Weighing 186.4g of potassium chloride, adding into a water tank of an ice-making vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chloride, wherein the concentration of the sodium chloride in the solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of the chloride ions in the solution is 2.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 3
1. 277.5g of calcium chloride is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-making vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 Fully dissolving the mixture in water to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of calcium chloride in the ice pouring solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of chloride ions in the ice pouring solution is 5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 4
1. 405.5g of ferric chloride is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-casting vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 Adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the ice, and preparing into ice pouring solutionThe concentration of calcium chloride in the solution was 2.5mmol/L and the concentration of chloride ion was 7.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 5
1. 585g of sodium chloride are weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 Fully dissolving the mixture in water to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium chloride in the ice pouring solution is 10mmol/L, and the concentration of chloride ions in the ice pouring solution is 10 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 6
1. 257.5g of sodium bromide is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium bromide, and preparing a pouring ice solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium bromide in the solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of the bromide ions in the solution is 2.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 7
1. Weighing 515g of sodium bromide, adding into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium bromide, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium bromide in the solution is 5mmol/L, and the concentration of bromide ions in the solution is 5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-casting vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to cast the ice-casting solution on the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 8
1. 618g of sodium bromide is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium bromide, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium bromide in the solution is 6mmol/L, and the concentration of bromide ions in the solution is 6 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-casting vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to cast the ice-casting solution on the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 9
1. 669.5g of sodium bromide is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium bromide, and preparing a pouring ice solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium bromide in the solution is 6.5mmol/L, and the concentration of the bromide ions in the solution is 6.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 10
1. Weighing 375g of sodium iodide, adding into a water tank of an ice-making vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium iodide, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium iodide in the solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of iodide ions is 2.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 11
1. Weighing 750g of sodium iodide, adding into a water tank of an ice-making vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium iodide, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium iodide in the solution is 5mmol/L, and the concentration of iodide ions is 5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 12
1. Weighing 900g of sodium iodide, adding into a water tank of an ice-making vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium iodide, wherein the concentration of sodium iodide in the solution is 6mmol/L, and the concentration of iodide ions in the solution is 6 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-casting vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to cast the ice-casting solution on the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 13
1. 212.5g of sodium nitrate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium iodide, wherein the concentration of sodium iodide in the solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of iodide ions in the solution is 2.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 14
1. 425g of sodium iodide are weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium iodide, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium iodide in the solution is 5mmol/L, and the concentration of iodide ions is 5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 15
1. 680g of sodium iodide is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium iodide, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium iodide in the solution is 8mmol/L, and the concentration of iodide ions is 8 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 16
1. Weighing 850g of sodium iodide, adding into a water tank of an ice-making vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium iodide, wherein the concentration of sodium iodide in the solution is 10mmol/L, and the concentration of iodide ions in the solution is 10 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 17
1. 106.5g of sodium chlorate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And filling water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and the chlorate ions to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the ice pouring solution is 1mmol/L, and the concentration of the chlorate ions in the ice pouring solution is 1 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 18
1. 266g of sodium chlorate are weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And filling water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and the chlorate ions to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the ice pouring solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of the chlorate ions in the ice pouring solution is 2.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 19
1. 532g of sodium chlorate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-making vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And filling water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and the chlorate ions to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the ice pouring solution is 5mmol/L, and the concentration of the chlorate ions in the ice pouring solution is 5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-casting vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to cast the ice-casting solution on the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 20
1. 639g of sodium chlorate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And filling water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and the chlorate ions to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the ice pouring solution is 6mmol/L, and the concentration of the chlorate ions in the ice pouring solution is 6 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 21
1. 122.5g of sodium perchlorate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and the perchlorate, and preparing the ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the ice pouring solution is 1mmol/L, and the concentration of the perchlorate ions in the ice pouring solution is 1 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-casting vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to cast the ice-casting solution on the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 22
1. 306.1g of sodium perchlorate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And filling water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and the perchlorate ions to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the ice pouring solution is 2.5mmol/L, and the concentration of the perchlorate ions in the ice pouring solution is 2.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 23
1. 490g of sodium perchlorate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And filling water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and the perchlorate ions to prepare an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the ice pouring solution is 4mmol/L, and the concentration of the perchlorate ions in the ice pouring solution is 4 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 24
1. 612.2g of sodium perchlorate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium chlorate and perchlorate ions to prepare a casting ice solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium chlorate in the solution is 5mmol/L, and the concentration of the perchlorate ions in the solution is 5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 25
1. Weighing 51g of sodium thiocyanate, and adding the sodium thiocyanate into an ice casting vehicleIn the water tank, the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium thiocyanate, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium thiocyanate in the solution is 0.63mmol/L, and the concentration of thiocyanate ions is 0.63 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 26
1. Weighing 121.5g of sodium thiocyanate, adding the sodium thiocyanate into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 Adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium thiocyanate, and preparing a casting ice solution, wherein the concentration of sodium thiocyanate in the solution is 1.5mmol/L, and the concentration of thiocyanate ions is 1.5 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-casting vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to cast the ice-casting solution on the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 27
1. 243g of sodium thiocyanate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium thiocyanate, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium thiocyanate in the solution is 3mmol/L, and the concentration of thiocyanate ions is 3 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-pouring vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to pour the ice-pouring solution to the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Example 28
1. 324g of sodium thiocyanate is weighed and added into a water tank of an ice-pouring vehicle, and the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 And adding water into the water tank to fully dissolve the sodium thiocyanate, and preparing an ice pouring solution, wherein the concentration of sodium thiocyanate in the solution is 4mmol/L, and the concentration of thiocyanate ions is 4 mmol/L.
2. And (4) the ice-casting vehicle winds the ice field for a circle to cast the ice-casting solution on the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface is kept at-7 ℃, and after 30 minutes, the ice surface is completely frozen to obtain the ice surface on the surface layer of the track.
Comparative example
Filling pure water into a water tank of the ice-pouring vehicle, wherein the volume of the water tank is 1m 3 Pouring iceAnd (3) pouring water in a water tank of the ice-pouring car to the ice surface by a circle of the car around the ice field, keeping the temperature of the ice surface at minus 7 ℃, and obtaining the ice surface of the track after the ice surface is completely frozen after 30 minutes.
Test example
The results of the tests performed on the ice surfaces of the racetracks prepared in examples 1 to 28 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 1 below, wherein the test methods are as follows:
1. appearance: visual inspection was carried out.
2. Crushing time: a rheometer MCR301 is adopted, wherein an upper friction pair in the rheometer is a small ball with the diameter of 12.7mm, and an ice block to be tested is placed below the small ball. The test conditions were 4.6MPa, -7 deg.C, and linear velocity 1.55 m/s. The upper friction pair applies pressure to the ice cubes and tests the crushing time of the ice cubes.
3. Coefficient of friction: the ice surface friction force testing device with the three-component force sensor is used, a pair of speed skating skates is arranged below the device, a counterweight with the number of 1500N is arranged above the device, the device is slowly pushed at the speed of 1m/s, and the ratio of the friction resistance to the positive pressure is calculated, namely the friction coefficient. The test conditions were 1500N pressure, -7 ℃ temperature, linear velocity 1 m/s.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003238816520000141
Figure BDA0003238816520000151
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, so as to understand the technical solutions of the present invention specifically and in detail, but not to be understood as the limitation of the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the technical solutions provided by the present invention, which are obtained by logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments, are within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the invention is subject to the content of the appended claims, and the description can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of the surface ice surface of the sports track on ice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
applying a salt solution with the anion concentration of 0.63 mmol/L-10 mmol/L to the ice surface, wherein the anion in the salt solution is selected from at least one of chloride ion, nitrate ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, chlorate ion, perchlorate ion and thiocyanate ion; and
the temperature of the ice surface is controlled to be-4 ℃ to 14 ℃ so that the salt solution is naturally frozen.
2. The method of preparing an ice surface of a sports track on ice according to claim 1, wherein the salt solution is naturally frozen by controlling the temperature of the ice surface to-6 ℃ to-7 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the ice surface of the surface layer of the sports track on ice according to claim 1, wherein anions in the salt solution are chloride ions, and the concentration of the chloride ions is 2.5mmol/L to 10 mmol/L.
4. The method for preparing the surface layer ice surface of the sports track on ice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anion in the salt solution is nitrate ion, and the concentration of the nitrate ion is 2.5 mmol/L-8 mmol/L.
5. The method for preparing the surface layer ice surface of the sports track on ice according to claim 1, wherein the anion in the salt solution is bromide ion, and the concentration of the bromide ion is 2.5mmol/L to 6 mmol/L.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the salt solution is iodide ion, and the concentration of iodide ion is 2.5mmol/L to 5 mmol/L.
7. The method for preparing the surface ice of the sports track on ice according to claim 1, wherein the anion in the salt solution is chlorate ions, and the concentration of the chlorate ions is 1mmol/L to 5 mmol/L.
8. The method for preparing the ice surface of the surface layer of the ice sports track according to claim 1, wherein anions in the salt solution are perchlorate ions, and the concentration of the perchlorate ions is 1mmol/L to 4 mmol/L.
9. The method for preparing the surface layer ice surface of the sports track on ice according to claim 1, wherein the salt solution is a solution in which anions are thiocyanate ions, and the concentration of the thiocyanate ions is 0.63mmol/L to 3 mmol/L.
10. The ice sports track prepared by the method for preparing the ice surface of the surface layer of the ice sports track according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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