CN113737066A - Aluminum conductor rail section bar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum conductor rail section bar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113737066A CN113737066A CN202110919316.0A CN202110919316A CN113737066A CN 113737066 A CN113737066 A CN 113737066A CN 202110919316 A CN202110919316 A CN 202110919316A CN 113737066 A CN113737066 A CN 113737066A
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60M1/00—Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
- B60M1/30—Power rails
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum conductor rail section bar which mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.32-0.38% of Si, 0.45-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.45% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.001-0.01% of Mn, 0.001-0.005% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Zn, 0.005-0.01% of Ti, 0.005-0.02% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the aluminum conductor rail profile. By implementing the invention, the conductivity and the mechanical property of the conductor rail profile can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to an aluminum conductor rail section bar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The conductor rail is an important part of an urban rail transit (particularly a subway) power supply system, and a collector shoe is arranged above the conductor rail and slides at a high speed relative to the conductor rail to transmit electric energy of 1000V or 5000A from the power system to the electric locomotive. In addition, in order to ensure stable current transmission, a certain contact pressure must be maintained between the collector shoe and the conductor rail. Therefore, the conductor rail must have certain mechanical properties, good conductivity and wear resistance. In addition, the conductor rail must have high thermal conductivity to transfer heat generated by friction out in time.
The existing aluminum profile for the conductor rail is generally 6101 alloy, the conductivity of the aluminum profile can reach 51 percent IACS, and the tensile strength can reach 200 MPa. However, as the speed required by various new traffic modes is higher and higher, higher requirements are gradually put on the conductivity and mechanical properties of the conductor rail, so that the alloy 6101 is difficult to meet. In addition, because the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy is poor, the outer part of the conductor rail is generally coated with a steel wear-resistant coating, but because the thermal property difference of steel and 6101 alloy is large, thermal deformation is easy to generate, and the service life of the conductor rail is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an aluminum conductor rail section bar which is high in strength and strong in conductivity.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of an aluminum conductor rail section bar.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an aluminum conductor rail section bar which mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.32-0.36% of Si, 0.5-0.6% of Mg, 0.1-0.45% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.001-0.01% of Mn, 0.001-0.005% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Zn, 0.005-0.01% of Ti, 0.005-0.02% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, Mg: si is 1.3 to 1.5.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the aluminum conductive rail section bar, the total content of Ti, Mn and Cr is less than or equal to 0.02 percent.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the tensile strength of the aluminum conductor rail section bar is more than or equal to 250MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 210MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 10 percent, the hardness is more than or equal to 85HB, the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 57.5 percent, and the thermal expansion coefficient is less than or equal to 22 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the aluminum conductor rail profile, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use; the formula of the raw materials in percentage by weight is as follows:
0.32-0.38% of Si, 0.45-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.45% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.001-0.01% of Mn, 0.001-0.005% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Zn, 0.005-0.01% of Ti, 0.005-0.02% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%;
(2) mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
(3) homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
(4) extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
(5) straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
(6) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (3), the homogenization temperature is 500-530 ℃, and the homogenization time is 12-18 h.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (6), the aging temperature is 170-180 ℃, and the aging time is 5.5-6.5 h.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (4), the temperature of the extrusion die is 470-490 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 450-470 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast rod before extrusion is 500-520 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductive rail profile after extrusion is 520-540 ℃.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (4), after extrusion, water mist cooling quenching is adopted, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile after quenching is less than 200 ℃.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aluminum conductor rail section bar reduces the content of each strengthening element in the aluminum alloy, reduces the influence of lattice distortion, strengthening phase scattering and the like on electron conduction, and thus effectively improves the conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
2. According to the invention, by controlling the total content of Ti, Mn and Cr in the aluminum conductive rail section, the particle sizes of various strengthening phases in the aluminum alloy are increased, and the scattering effect of the strengthening phases on electrons is reduced, so that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is improved.
3. According to the invention, through the combined control of the homogenizing process, the aging process and the formula, the mechanical property of the aluminum conductor rail profile is improved, and the reasonable thermal expansion coefficient, the heat conducting property and the electric conductivity of the aluminum conductor rail profile are ensured.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention provides an aluminum conductor rail profile which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.32-0.38% of Si, 0.45-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.45% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.001-0.01% of Mn, 0.001-0.005% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Zn, 0.005-0.01% of Ti, 0.005-0.02% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
Wherein Si and Mg are main strengthening elements and can form a strengthening phase Mg2The higher the Si content, the better the mechanical properties. However, excessive strengthening phases can cause lattice distortion and stress, thereby reducing conductivity. For this, Si is controlled to be 0.32 to 0.38 wt%, exemplary 0.33 wt%, 0.34 wt%, or 0.36 wt%, but not limited theretoThis is done. Mg is controlled to be 0.45 to 0.55 wt%, illustratively 0.47 wt%, 0.49 wt%, 0.52 wt%, or 0.54 wt%, but not limited thereto. Preferably, the ratio of Mg: si is 1.3-1.5, and the Si is controlled to be slightly excessive, so that the elongation is promoted, and the aging and homogeneous strengthening effect is ensured.
The Fe can reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum alloy to a certain extent, so that the Fe can be conveniently matched with the stainless steel band in the later period, and the service life of the aluminum conductor rail sectional material is prolonged. However, Fe reduces the conductivity and also forms a high brittle phase, which reduces the processability (extrusion). For this, Fe is controlled to be 0.1 to 0.45 wt%, illustratively 0.14 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.32 wt%, 0.41 wt%, or 0.44 wt%, but not limited thereto.
Wherein, Cu can improve the conductivity of the alloy and play a certain role in strengthening. Specifically, Cu can be combined with Al and Fe during homogenization to form a strengthening phase with a larger particle size, so that the resistance of electron diffusion is reduced, and the conductivity is improved. However, too high a Cu content may also result in a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the alloy. For this, Cu is controlled to be 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, exemplary 0.07 wt%, 0.1 wt%, or 0.13 wt%, but not limited thereto.
Wherein, Mn, Cr and Ti can play a role in refining crystal grains, and improve mechanical properties such as elongation, strength and the like. However, the fine grains have a stronger scattering effect on electrons, and the conductivity is reduced. Therefore, the contents of Mn, Cr and Ti are controlled to be 0.001-0.01 wt%, 0.001-0.005 wt% and 0.005-0.01 wt%, respectively, and the total content of the three is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.02 wt%.
The conductive performance of the aluminum conductor rail profile can be improved to a certain extent by B, but the conductive performance of the aluminum conductor rail profile also has a certain effect of grain refinement, and when the content is too high, the conductive performance is easily reduced greatly. For this, the content of B is controlled to be 0.005 to 0.02 wt%, exemplary 0.007 wt%, 0.014 wt%, 0.018 wt%, but not limited thereto.
In addition, the aluminum conductive rail section bar also contains a certain amount of Zn and other impurity elements, wherein the content of Zn is controlled to be 0.01-0.03 wt%, and the total content of other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the conductivity of the aluminum conductive rail profile, the total content of elements except aluminum in the aluminum alloy is ensured to be less than or equal to 1.6 wt%.
In order to ensure various performances of the aluminum conductor rail profile, the preparation method of the aluminum conductor rail profile needs to be controlled in a synergistic manner, and specifically, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use;
the formula of the raw materials in percentage by weight is as follows:
0.32-0.38% of Si, 0.45-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.45% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.001-0.01% of Mn, 0.001-0.005% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Zn, 0.005-0.01% of Ti, 0.005-0.02% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%;
wherein, the raw materials can comprise: aluminum ingot, aluminum-magnesium alloy, high purity silicon, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-chromium alloy, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
(2) Mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
specifically, various raw materials are melted at 740-760 ℃, refined for 3-4 times, subjected to slag skimming, stirred for homogenization, and cast after standing to obtain the aluminum cast rod.
(3) Homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
wherein the homogenizing temperature is 500-530 ℃, and the homogenizing time is 12-18 h. When the homogenizing temperature is gradually increased, the solid solubility of various alloy elements in the aluminum conductor rail profile is increased, the hardness, the mechanical property and the like of the profile are gradually improved, but the conductivity is reduced; when the homogenization temperature breaks a limit, the microscopic particle size of the strengthening phase is increased along with the increase of the homogenization temperature, which leads to the reduction of the mechanical property but the recovery of the heat-conducting property. Therefore, the homogenizing temperature is controlled to be 500-530 ℃, and the balance of the heat-conducting property and the mechanical property can be well realized in the range. Exemplary homogenization temperatures are 508 ℃, 512 ℃, 520 ℃, or 525 ℃, but not limited thereto.
The homogenizing time is 12-18 h, and the solid solution degree of each element in the aluminum conductor rail is improved along with the prolonging of the homogenizing time. Especially Cu will form with Al and FeAl13Cu4Fe3The phase effectively reduces the adverse effect on the conductivity caused by the Fe phase, ensures that the aluminum alloy has higher conductivity and has relatively reasonable thermal expansion coefficient.
(4) Extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 470-490 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 450-470 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast bar before extrusion is 500-520 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductive rail profile after extrusion is 520-540 ℃.
After extrusion, water mist cooling quenching is adopted, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile after quenching is less than 200 ℃.
(5) Straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
specifically, the straightening amount is 0.2 to 1%, and is illustratively 0.3%, 0.5%, or 0.7%, but is not limited thereto.
(6) And (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
Specifically, the step (6) comprises the following steps:
wherein the aging temperature is 170-180 ℃, and the aging temperature is 171 ℃, 174 ℃, 176 ℃ or 178 ℃ as an example, but is not limited thereto. The aging time is 5.5-6.5 h, and exemplary time is 5.6h, 6h or 6.2h, but the method is not limited thereto.
Further, when the aluminum conductor rail profile is used, a stainless steel band is connected to the aluminum conductor rail profile so as to improve the wear resistance of the aluminum conductor rail profile. Specifically, the connection mode of the stainless steel band and the aluminum conductor rail section bar is one or more of riveting, screwing, folding and meshing, elastic clamping and welding. Welding is preferred. The thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum conductor rail section bar is closer to that of stainless steel, and the service life of the conductor rail is prolonged.
In conclusion, through comprehensive adjustment of the formula and the preparation method, the tensile strength of the aluminum conductive rail section bar prepared by the invention is more than or equal to 250MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 210MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, the hardness is more than or equal to 85HB, the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 57.5%, and the thermal expansion coefficient is less than or equal to 22 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
The embodiment provides an aluminum conductor rail profile, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.32% of Si, 0.55% of Mg, 0.15% of Fe, 0.06% of Cu, 0.006% of Mn, 0.005% of Cr, 0.001% of Zn, 0.01% of Ti, 0.005% of B, 0.06% of impurities and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use;
(2) mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
(3) homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
wherein the homogenizing temperature is 530 ℃, and the time is 12 h;
(4) extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 480 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 450 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast bar before extrusion is 500 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail section bar after extrusion is 520 ℃.
(5) Straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
wherein, the straightening amount is 0.5 percent;
(6) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
Wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃ and the time is 6.5 h.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an aluminum conductor rail profile, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.38% of Si, 0.45% of Mg, 0.32% of Fe, 0.11% of Cu, 0.002% of Mn, 0.003% of Cr, 0.004% of Zn, 0.009% of Ti, 0.01% of B, 0.08% of impurities and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use;
(2) mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
(3) homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
wherein the homogenizing temperature is 520 ℃, and the time is 14 h;
(4) extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 470 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 450 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast bar before extrusion is 510 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile after extrusion is 525 ℃.
(5) Straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
wherein, the straightening amount is 0.6 percent;
(6) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
Wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃ and the time is 5.5 h.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an aluminum conductor rail profile, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.34% of Si, 0.48% of Mg, 0.24% of Fe, 0.08% of Cu, 0.004% of Mn, 0.002% of Cr, 0.01% of Zn, 0.008% of Ti, 0.015% of B, 0.01% of impurities and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use;
(2) mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
(3) homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
wherein the homogenizing temperature is 510 ℃ and the time is 18 h;
(4) extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 480 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 465 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast bar before extrusion is 505 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductive rail profile after extrusion is 520 ℃.
(5) Straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
wherein, the straightening amount is 0.8%;
(6) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
Wherein the aging temperature is 175 ℃ and the time is 6 h.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an aluminum conductor rail profile, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.33% of Si, 0.46% of Mg, 0.42% of Fe, 0.13% of Cu, 0.005% of Mn, 0.004% of Cr, 0.01% of Zn, 0.009% of Ti, 0.011% of B, 0.08% of impurities and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use;
(2) mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
(3) homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
wherein the homogenizing temperature is 520 ℃, and the time is 13 h;
(4) extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 480 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 465 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast bar before extrusion is 505 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductive rail profile after extrusion is 520 ℃.
(5) Straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
wherein, the straightening amount is 0.8%;
(6) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
Wherein the aging temperature is 175 ℃ and the time is 6.5 h.
Example 5
The embodiment provides an aluminum conductor rail profile, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.33% of Si, 0.46% of Mg, 0.42% of Fe, 0.13% of Cu, 0.005% of Mn, 0.004% of Cr, 0.01% of Zn, 0.009% of Ti, 0.011% of B, 0.08% of impurities and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use;
(2) mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
(3) homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
wherein the homogenizing temperature is 520 ℃, and the time is 16 h;
(4) extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 480 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 465 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast bar before extrusion is 505 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductive rail profile after extrusion is 520 ℃.
(5) Straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
wherein, the straightening amount is 0.8%;
(6) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
Wherein the aging temperature is 175 ℃ and the time is 6 h.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides an aluminium conductor rail profile which differs from example 5 in that: the formula does not contain B.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides an aluminum conductor rail section bar, and the formula is as follows:
0.33% of Si, 0.46% of Mg, 0.08% of Fe, 0.25% of Cu, 0.005% of Mn, 0.004% of Cr, 0.01% of Zn, 0.009% of Ti, 0.011% of B, 0.08% of impurities and the balance of Al.
The preparation method is the same as in example 5.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides an aluminum conductor rail section bar, and the formula is as follows:
0.33% of Si, 0.46% of Mg, 0.5% of Fe, 0.02% of Cu, 0.005% of Mn, 0.004% of Cr, 0.01% of Zn, 0.009% of Ti, 0.011% of B, 0.08% of impurities and the balance of Al.
The preparation method is the same as in example 5.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides an aluminum conductor rail profile which differs from example 5 in that the homogenization process is different from the aging process.
Specifically, the homogenization process of comparative example 4 was: 540 ℃ multiplied by 20h, and the aging process is 180 ℃ multiplied by 8 h.
The aluminum conductor rail profiles obtained in the examples 1 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to performance tests, and the specific results are shown in the following table:
while the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The aluminum conductor rail profile is characterized by mainly comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
0.32-0.38% of Si, 0.45-0.55% of Mg, 0.1-0.45% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.001-0.01% of Mn, 0.001-0.005% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Zn, 0.005-0.01% of Ti, 0.005-0.02% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
2. Aluminium conductor rail profile according to claim 1, characterized in that Mg: si is 1.3 to 1.5.
3. The aluminum conductor rail profile of claim 1, wherein the total content of Ti, Mn, Cr is 0.02% or less.
4. The aluminum conductive rail profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum conductive rail profile has a tensile strength of 250MPa or more, a yield strength of 210MPa or more, an elongation of 10% or more, a hardness of 85HB or more, an electric conductivity of 57.5% or more, and a thermal expansion coefficient of 22 x 10 or less-6/℃。
5. A method for preparing an aluminum conductor rail profile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
(1) preparing various raw materials according to a proportion for later use; the formula of the raw materials in percentage by weight is as follows:
0.32-0.36% of Si, 0.5-0.6% of Mg, 0.1-0.45% of Fe, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.001-0.01% of Mn, 0.001-0.005% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Zn, 0.005-0.01% of Ti, 0.005-0.02% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%;
(2) mixing and casting various raw materials to obtain an aluminum casting rod;
(3) homogenizing the aluminum cast bar;
(4) extruding the homogenized aluminum cast bar to obtain an aluminum conductor rail profile rough blank;
(5) straightening the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile;
(6) and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the straightened rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail profile to obtain a finished product of the aluminum conductor rail profile.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum conductor rail profile as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the homogenization temperature is 500-530 ℃ and the homogenization time is 12-18 h.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum conductor rail profile as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (6), the aging temperature is 170-180 ℃ and the aging time is 5.5-6.5 h.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum conductor rail section bar as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the temperature of the extrusion mold is 470-490 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 450-470 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum cast rod before extrusion is 500-520 ℃, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail section bar after extrusion is 520-540 ℃.
9. The method for preparing the aluminum conductor rail section bar of claim 8, wherein in the step (4), after extrusion, water mist is adopted for cooling and quenching, and the temperature of the rough blank of the aluminum conductor rail section bar after quenching is less than 200 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20211203 |