CN113735639A - Quick microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process and device - Google Patents
Quick microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113735639A CN113735639A CN202111150707.7A CN202111150707A CN113735639A CN 113735639 A CN113735639 A CN 113735639A CN 202111150707 A CN202111150707 A CN 202111150707A CN 113735639 A CN113735639 A CN 113735639A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/957—Apparatus therefor using two or more serially arranged devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process and a device, wherein the device comprises an oxygen supply and air supply system, a feeding system, a degradation fermentation bin, a condenser, a vacuum pump unit, a cooling tower, a condensed water tank, a waste gas washing tower and an intelligent control cabinet; outlets of the oxygen supply air supply system and the feeding system are respectively communicated with a degradation fermentation bin, an outlet of the degradation fermentation bin is communicated with a condenser, a condensation outlet and a condensation inlet of the condenser are both connected with a cooling tower, and a gas outlet of the condenser is connected with an exhaust gas washing tower through a vacuum pump unit; the lower outlet of the condenser is connected with a condensed water tank; the oxygen supply and air supply system and the degradation fermentation bin are both connected with a steam feed valve; the whole device collects the temperature, pressure, moisture, oxygen flux and quality sensor signals in the treatment process through an intelligent control cabinet, and realizes automatic operation control of the system through PLC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic waste (kitchen waste, kitchen garbage, biogas residue, vinasse, various sludge, sugar mill filter mud oil-water separation solid organic slag materials and other various organic materials) treatment, in particular to a rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process and a device.
Background
At present, the aerobic biochemical treatment machine for organic garbage on the market mainly has the defects of high energy consumption, long treatment time, large process waste gas discharge amount, high secondary pollution control cost and the like; the influence of raw materials is large, and the yield of the process is seriously influenced. In addition, the dehydration treatment section of the aerobic biochemical treatment machine adopts the traditional drying dehydration process, the waste gas generation amount is large, the corresponding waste gas treatment equipment investment is large, and the operation energy consumption is also high.
Aiming at the use condition of the aerobic biochemical treatment machine, the cost is high in the aspects of capacity treatment, treatment time, matching process, energy consumption, auxiliary system matching investment and the like, a biochemical treatment machine substitute machine type needs to be developed, the biochemical treatment cost is comprehensively reduced in the aspects of capacity, energy consumption, matching, investment and the like, and the project income is improved. Realize the quick and effective harmless treatment and disposal of organic materials with large tonnage and short time. The fast microorganism aerobic fermentation treatment device can realize single batch of 10-30 m3The anaerobic sterilization aerobic fermentation of the materials is carried out for rapid degradation treatment, the reaction time of the whole process is effectively controlled within 12 hours or less, the high-efficiency inactivation and aerobic fermentation process is adopted, the high-efficiency harmless treatment of the organic garbage raw materials is realized, the aerobic fermentation and fertilizer production cost of the organic garbage is reduced, and the comprehensive economic benefit of the organic garbage treatment project is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process and a device, which are mainly used for kitchen waste organic materials, oil-water separation solid organic slag materials, anaerobic digestion biogas residues and other various organic materials to finish equipment high-temperature sterilization degradation and rapid aerobic fermentation treatment.
Through the process and the treatment device, the quick harmless treatment of organic materials can be realized, and meanwhile, under the action of the high-temperature special aerobic microbial inoculum, the organic matters are quickly decomposed and degraded to generate organic fertilizers rich in the organic matters, so that the resource utilization of organic garbage is realized. The whole treatment process is safe and reliable, and the time is short.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rapid microorganism aerobic fermentation treatment device comprises an oxygen supply and air supply system, a feeding system, a degradation fermentation bin, a condenser, a vacuum pump unit, a cooling tower, a condensation water tank, a waste gas washing tower and an intelligent control cabinet; outlets of the oxygen supply air supply system and the feeding system are respectively communicated with a degradation fermentation bin, an outlet of the degradation fermentation bin is communicated with a condenser, a condensation outlet and a condensation inlet of the condenser are both connected with a cooling tower, and a gas outlet of the condenser is connected with an exhaust gas washing tower through a vacuum pump unit; the lower outlet of the condenser is connected with a condensed water tank; the oxygen supply and air supply system and the degradation fermentation bin are both connected with a steam feed valve; the whole device collects the temperature, pressure, moisture, oxygen flux and quality sensor signals in the treatment process through an intelligent control cabinet, and realizes automatic operation control of the system through PLC.
The upper part of the degradation fermentation bin is provided with a feeding and distributing opening connected with a feeding system, an air supply and oxygen supplement pipe group connected with an oxygen supply and air supply system, an automatic microbial inoculum adding device and a metal filter cylinder dust remover connected with a condenser, and a double-layer jacket is arranged outside the bin body of the degradation fermentation bin; the device is characterized in that a double-rotating-shaft steam access point, a jacket steam access point and a condensate water outlet are arranged on the degradation fermentation bin, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the degradation fermentation bin, and a weighing and metering sensor is arranged below a frame of the degradation fermentation bin.
The metal filter drum dust remover is connected with a waste gas outlet of the degradation fermentation bin, a plurality of metal filter drums are arranged in the metal filter drum dust remover, a metal filter screen is arranged on the outer surface of each metal filter drum, a steam heat-preservation interlayer is arranged on the shell of the metal filter drum dust remover, and a purging pipeline and a shockproof vacuum meter are arranged at the top of the metal filter drum dust remover.
Wherein, the degradation fermentation storehouse is provided with 2 sets of hollow stirring shaft systems which are parallel to each other, and each hollow stirring shaft system comprises a dynamic sealing heat source lead-in joint, a hollow transmission shaft, an eccentric heating propulsion disc and a dynamic sealing heat source recovery interface; the eccentric heating propulsion disc is arranged on the hollow transmission shaft, and the eccentric directions of the 2 hollow transmission shafts are opposite; 2 hollow transmission shafts rotate oppositely to enable the materials to be circularly stirred in a forward and reverse direction in the degradation fermentation bin, so that the materials in the fermentation bin are fully and uniformly mixed and stirred; and an anti-scaling auxiliary paddle is arranged at the outer edge of the eccentric heating propulsion disc.
Wherein, the degradation fermentation bin is provided with a driving motor, and a gear set is driven by a speed reducer to drive a hollow stirring shaft system to rotate;
the air supply oxygen supplementing pipe group comprises an air inlet control valve, an air inlet main pipe, an air distribution branch pipe and an oxygen supply air pipe outlet which are sequentially connected;
the degradation fermentation bin is provided with an in-bin temperature sensor, an in-bin pressure sensor, a jacket temperature sensor and a jacket pressure sensor; the temperature, pressure, moisture, weight, oxygen flux, quality and heat source feeding control of the whole flow of the feeding measurement, the heating inactivation and the aerobic fermentation are all controlled by a PLC automatic control system to realize closed-loop centralized control.
The system comprises an oxygen supply and air supply system, a steam heat exchanger and a steam heat exchanger, wherein the oxygen supply and air supply system comprises an oxygen supply and air supply fan, the oxygen supply and air supply fan is connected with the steam heat exchanger, and a flow velocity air gauge is arranged on the hot air exchanger;
the automatic microbial inoculum adding device consists of a microbial inoculum storage bin and an automatic control valve, wherein a meter is arranged on the microbial inoculum storage bin, and the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is automatically and quantitatively controlled;
and a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on the condensed water tank to control the water drainage action.
The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process adopting the device comprises the following steps:
(1) metering and delivering the organic materials;
(2) sterilizing at high temperature in a positive pressure environment;
(3) inoculating special aerobic strains;
(4) vacuum fast drying dehydration;
(5) and (5) taking the product out of the bin, bagging and sealing for storage.
The invention realizes the harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the organic garbage through combined processes of high-temperature inactivation, special strain inoculation, aerobic fermentation, vacuum rapid dehydration and the like. The process changes the traditional aerobic degradation mode for treating organic garbage, adopts a positive-pressure high-temperature sterilization mode to inactivate harmful bacteria in the materials, inoculates a special microbial inoculum for high-temperature aerobic fermentation, combines vacuum rapid drying degradation treatment to realize rapid harmless treatment of the organic materials, and simultaneously realizes rapid decomposition and degradation of organic matters under the action of the high-temperature special aerobic microbial inoculum to generate organic fertilizers rich in the organic matters, thereby achieving the resource utilization of the organic garbage. The treatment process is safe and reliable, and the time is short.
Putting the materials into a degradation fermentation bin, boosting the pressure to 0.01MPa, heating to 126 ℃, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 20min, and inactivating harmful bacteria in the materials in a high-temperature environment;
specifically, after high-temperature inactivation, starting a vacuum pump to quickly remove water in the material to reach the optimal condition of water suitable for aerobic fermentation, starting an automatic microbial inoculum adding device to add the microbial inoculum, and continuously rotating a stirring motor to drive a rotating shaft to rotate so as to uniformly stir the strains and the material to complete inoculation;
when the fermentation inoculum is automatically added, the air inlet control valve of the degradation fermentation bin is opened, the oxygen supply air supply fan and the hot air heat exchanger are opened, oxygen-enriched fresh air is fed into the fermentation bin, aerobic microorganisms are rapidly expanded and cultured, organic materials are rapidly fermented and degraded, and an aerobic fermentation stage is started.
After the aerobic fermentation is finished, closing the heating system, cooling the material, simultaneously closing the oxygen supply blower, starting the vacuum pump, quickly dehydrating the material in the degradation fermentation bin, enabling the beneficial flora to enter a spore state through dormancy, and finishing the final fermentation treatment;
and (5) specifically, discharging the fermented material from a discharge hole of the degradation fermentation bin, conveying the fermented material into a post-treatment unit in an aseptic manner, and packaging and storing the fermented material.
Specifically, the working method of the rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment device comprises the following steps:
when the steam boiler starts to work, the control system opens a feeding valve of a material feeding and distributing port, opens a steam feeding valve and drives a motor to rotate electrically; starting heating and stirring while the materials enter the degradation fermentation bin;
closing the feed inlet after the material is loaded, ventilating and pressurizing the bin to 0.1MPa, heating the bin until the temperature of the material reaches 126 ℃, inactivating the material for more than 20 minutes, and starting a high-temperature sterilization primary process for disposal; starting a vacuum pump after high-temperature sterilization to enable the interior of the bin to quickly reach a vacuum state, so that moisture in the materials is quickly removed to achieve an optimal moisture content condition suitable for aerobic fermentation; at the moment, the system automatically detects the environmental conditions in the bin, starts the biological environmental condition restoration in real time, and adjusts the water content, the temperature, the pressure and the oxygen flux in the bin;
inoculating, starting an automatic microbial inoculum feeding bin, quantitatively feeding a special fermentation microbial inoculum into the bin, and fully mixing and inoculating the special fermentation microbial inoculum with materials under the stirring action; starting high-temperature rapid aerobic fermentation, starting an oxygen supply fan, accelerating the propagation speed of microorganism aerobic bacteria, helping beneficial strains to rapidly establish dominant flora, and accelerating the rapid fermentation degradation of organic materials;
after the material is decomposed to a stage, starting vacuum rapid drying dehydration to a set moisture value to finish aerobic fermentation, closing a heating system, cooling the material, promoting the dormancy of beneficial flora to enter a spore state, and finishing final fermentation treatment; discharging and packaging, discharging the fermented materials from the fermentation bin, and conveying the materials into a packaging system through an aseptic conveyor to finish packaging and storage;
the control of the temperature, the pressure, the moisture, the oxygen amount, the material weight and the steam flow of the whole process of feeding metering, high-temperature inactivation, aerobic fermentation and quick decrement is realized by a PLC automatic control system to realize closed-loop centralized control; the organic garbage is treated in a harmless, reducing and recycling way through combined processes of high-temperature inactivation, special strain inoculation, aerobic fermentation, vacuum rapid dehydration and the like.
Treating waste gas generated in the process treatment process: the waste gas which is in a vacuum state and dedusted by the metal filter cartridge deduster is discharged into a condenser to exchange heat with a cooling tower by a refrigerant, after heat exchange, water vapor in the waste gas is condensed and collected to a condensate tank to be subjected to tissue collection and then concentrated treatment, the non-condensable gas is discharged along with an outlet of a water ring pump after passing through the condenser, and the condensed gas is connected into a waste gas washing tower to be subjected to tissue collection and treatment and then discharged after reaching the standard; and (3) introducing waste gas generated in the aerobic fermentation section into a waste gas washing tower for organized collection and treatment, and discharging after the waste gas reaches the standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding effects that:
(1) the process changes the traditional single aerobic degradation mode for treating organic garbage, adopts a positive pressure high temperature sterilization mode to inactivate harmful bacteria in the materials, inoculates a special microbial inoculum for high temperature aerobic fermentation, combines vacuum rapid drying degradation treatment, realizes rapid harmless treatment of the organic materials, simultaneously realizes rapid decomposition and degradation of organic matters under the action of the high temperature special aerobic microbial inoculum, generates organic fertilizers rich in the organic matters, and achieves the resource utilization of the organic garbage; the treatment process is safe and reliable, and the time is short.
(2) When the device is used for treating high-humidity, high-pollution and high-viscosity materials such as organic garbage (kitchen garbage organic materials, oil-water separation solid organic slag materials, anaerobic digestion biogas residues and other multiple organic materials), the sewage is collected after heat exchange, the amount of waste gas is greatly reduced, the operation and the matching cost of later-stage deodorization equipment are effectively reduced, the sewage treatment difficulty is reduced, and the aerobic fermentation treatment efficiency of the organic garbage is improved.
(3) The device solves the problem of long treatment flow time of the traditional aerobic fermentation equipment, and realizes the process from quick degradation to decomposition of organic garbage.
The fast microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process and apparatus of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a structure of a degradation fermentation chamber;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a degradation fermentation chamber;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of a hollow stirring shaft;
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the material in the degradation bin;
FIG. 7 is a view showing the construction of a metallic filter cartridge dust collector;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the air supply and oxygen supplement pipe set in the bin;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the air supply and oxygen supplement pipe set in the bin;
FIG. 10 is a structural view of a condensate tank;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the feeding and air-blowing system;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the structure of an automatic microbial inoculum adding apparatus.
Wherein, 1-an oxygen supply and air supply system; 2-a feeding system; 3-degradation fermentation chamber; 4-a condenser; 5-a vacuum pump unit; 6-a cooling tower; 7-condensation water tank; 8-a waste gas washing tower; 9-an intelligent control cabinet; 10-steam feed valve;
101-an oxygen supply air supply fan; 102-a hot air heat exchanger; 103-flow rate air gauge;
301-a drive motor; 302-a speed reducer; 303-dual spool steam access point; 304-gear set; 305-jacket steam access point; 306 feeding and distributing port; 307-air supply and oxygen supplement pipe group; 308-automatic microbial inoculum adding device; 309-metal cartridge dust collector; 310-a weighing and metering sensor; 311-a first condensate outlet; 312-a second condensate outlet; 313-a first discharge port; 314-a second discharge port; 315-a third condensate outlet; 316-fermentation chamber shell; 318-hollow stirring shaft system; 319-in-cartridge temperature sensor; 320-a pressure in bin sensor; 321-jacket temperature sensor; 322-jacket pressure sensor; 323-online moisture detector; 324-double jacket;
3181, introducing a dynamic sealing heat source into the joint; 3182-hollow drive shaft; 3183-eccentric heating propulsion disc; 3184-anti-scaling auxiliary paddle; 3185-dynamic sealing heat source recovery interface;
371-control valve of air intake; 372-main air inlet pipe; 373-air distribution branch pipes; 374-outlet of oxygen supply air pipe;
381-microbial inoculum storage bin; 382-a meter; 383-an automatic control valve;
391-a metal cartridge; 392-heat preservation interlayer; 393-shockproof vacuum gauge; 394-purge line;
701-a liquid level sensor; 702-a pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 2, a rapid microorganism aerobic fermentation treatment device comprises an oxygen supply and air supply system 1, a feeding system 2, a degradation fermentation bin 3, a condenser 4, a vacuum pump unit 5, a cooling tower 6, a condensed water tank 7, a waste gas washing tower 8 and an intelligent control cabinet 9; outlets of the oxygen supply and air supply system 1 and the feeding system 2 are respectively communicated with a degradation fermentation bin 3, an outlet of the degradation fermentation bin 3 is communicated with a condenser 4, a condensation outlet and a condensation inlet of the condenser 4 are both connected with a cooling tower 6, and a gas outlet of the condenser 4 is connected with an exhaust gas washing tower 8 through a vacuum pump unit 5; the lower outlet of the condenser 4 is connected with a condensed water tank 7; the oxygen supply and air supply system 1 and the degradation fermentation bin 3 are both connected with a steam feed valve 10.
As shown in fig. 11, the oxygen supply air supply system 1 includes an oxygen supply air supply fan 101, the oxygen supply air supply fan 101 is connected to a hot air heat exchanger 102 for steam heat exchange, and a flow rate air gauge 103 is arranged on the hot air heat exchanger 102. The system is provided with a hot air heat exchanger, fresh air is heated by saturated steam heat exchange, the air temperature in the bin is increased under the condition of keeping the oxygen flux required by aerobic microorganisms, heat energy supplement is accelerated, and the temperature suitable for propagation and propagation is quickly created for thermophilic microorganisms and thermophilic microorganism flora in fermentation materials.
The feeding system 2 is automatic feeding and finishes automatic and quantitative feeding of the whole process.
The degradation fermentation bin 3 is an integrated double-layer jacketed type under-pressure degradation fermentation bin, realizes the integration of sterilization, fermentation and dehydration, comprises a jacketed bin body, an automatic microbial inoculum adding device, a stirring and heating system, a bin wall anti-scaling device, an exhaust gas dust remover and the like, realizes the degradation and inactivation of raw materials in the degradation fermentation bin, and completes the whole process of inoculation and aerobic fermentation of a special microbial inoculum.
The condenser 4 uses a physical cooling mode to quickly cool the waste gas, and water vapor in the waste gas is condensed into liquid-phase water which is collected in an organized manner and safely discharged.
The vacuum pump unit 5 is used for creating a vacuum environment, accelerating the moisture separation of the fermented materials and realizing rapid dehydration.
The cooling tower 6 provides a cooling medium for the waste water condenser to finish the cooling operation of the waste gas.
The condensate water tank 7 intensively recovers condensate water in the waste gas and intensively discharges the condensate water to the rear-end water treatment.
The waste gas washing tower 8 can chemically wash the waste gas discharged after dust removal in the degradation fermentation bin, remove peculiar smell and discharge the waste gas after reaching the standard.
The intelligent control cabinet 9 is used for collecting signals of temperature, pressure, moisture, oxygen introduction amount, quality sensors and the like in the processing process, and realizes automatic operation control of the system through PLC.
The steam feed valve 10 is used to control system heat source make-up.
As shown in fig. 3-4, the upper part of the degradation fermentation bin 3 is provided with a feeding and distributing port 306 connected with the feeding system 2, an air supply and oxygen supplement pipe group 307 connected with the oxygen supply and air supply system 1, an automatic microbial inoculum adding device 308, and a metal filter cartridge deduster 309 connected with the condenser 4, and the bin body of the degradation fermentation bin 3 is externally provided with a double-layer jacket 324; the degradation fermentation bin 3 is provided with a double-rotating-shaft steam access point 303 and a jacket steam access point 305, the bottom of a fermentation bin shell 316 of the degradation fermentation bin 3 is provided with a first condensate water outlet 311, a second condensate water outlet 312, a first discharge port 313 and a second discharge port 314, the tail of the degradation fermentation bin 3 is provided with a third condensate water outlet 315, and a weighing and metering sensor 310 is arranged below a rack of the degradation fermentation bin 3.
The degradation fermentation chamber 3 is provided with a driving motor 301, and a gear set 304 is driven by a speed reducer 302 to drive a hollow stirring shaft system 318 to rotate.
The degradation fermentation bin 3 is provided with an in-bin temperature sensor 319, a bin internal pressure sensor 320, a jacket temperature sensor 321, a jacket pressure sensor 322 and an online moisture detector 323; the temperature, pressure, moisture, weight, oxygen flux, quality and heat source feeding control of the whole flow of the feeding measurement, the heating inactivation and the aerobic fermentation are all controlled by a PLC automatic control system to realize closed-loop centralized control. The temperature sensor in the bin and the pressure sensor in the bin are used for controlling the temperature and the pressure in the bin; the jacket temperature sensor and the jacket pressure sensor are used for controlling the temperature and the pressure of the jacket, and the online moisture detector monitors the moisture content of the material in real time.
As shown in fig. 5-6, 2 sets of hollow stirring shaft systems 318 parallel to each other are arranged in the degradation fermentation bin 3, and each hollow stirring shaft system 318 comprises a dynamic seal heat source introduction joint 3181, a hollow transmission shaft 3182, an eccentric heating propulsion disc 3183 and a dynamic seal heat source recovery joint 3185; the eccentric heating propulsion disc 3183 is installed on the hollow transmission shaft 3182, and the eccentric directions of the 2 hollow transmission shafts 3182 are opposite; 2 hollow transmission shafts 3182 rotate oppositely to enable the materials to be circularly stirred in the degradation fermentation bin in a forward and reverse direction, so that the materials in the fermentation bin are fully and uniformly mixed and stirred; the outer edge of the eccentric heating propulsion disc 3183 is provided with an anti-scaling auxiliary paddle 3184, so that organic materials are effectively prevented from scaling in the bin.
As shown in fig. 7, the metal filter cartridge dust remover 309 is connected with the waste gas outlet of the degradation fermentation bin 3, a plurality of metal filter cartridges 391 are arranged in the metal filter cartridge dust remover 309, a metal filter screen is arranged on the outer surface of each metal filter cartridge 391, a steam heat-preservation interlayer 392 is arranged on the outer shell of the metal filter cartridge dust remover 309, and a purging pipeline 394 and a shockproof vacuum meter 393 are arranged at the top of the metal filter cartridge dust remover 309. The metal filter cylinder filters and intercepts dust in the waste gas, reduces the dust content discharged by the waste gas, and prolongs the service life of the vacuum pump.
As shown in fig. 8-9, the air supply oxygen supplementing pipe group 307 comprises an air inlet control valve 371, an air inlet main pipe 372, an air distribution branch pipe 373, and an oxygen supply air pipe outlet 374. The air supply oxygen supplementing pipe group conducts drainage on oxygen-containing hot air entering the bin, so that an oxygen-containing fluid flow field in the bin is in full contact with materials, and inoculation is promoted.
As shown in fig. 10, the condensate tank 7 is provided with a liquid level sensor 701 and a pressure sensor 702 to control the water discharge operation.
As shown in fig. 12, the automatic microbial inoculum adding device 308 comprises a microbial inoculum storage bin 381 and an automatic control valve 383, wherein the microbial inoculum storage bin 381 is provided with a meter 382 for automatically and quantitatively controlling the microbial inoculum adding amount;
the whole device adopts a full-flow closed device, and the parts contacted with the organic garbage, the byproduct waste gas and the waste water are all made of stainless steel.
As shown in the figure 1-2, the rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment process adopting the treatment device comprises the following steps:
(1) organic material metering and delivering: the intelligent control cabinet controls to open a feeding and distributing valve to feed materials, open a steam feeding valve and open a stirring motor; and (5) feeding the materials to a metering point of a weighing and metering sensor, and finishing feeding.
(2) High-temperature sterilization in a positive-pressure environment: putting the materials into a degradation fermentation chamber, increasing the pressure to 0.01MPa, heating to 126 ℃, keeping the temperature and the pressure for at least 20min, and inactivating harmful bacteria and viruses in the materials in a high-temperature environment. In addition, the process can also realize the inactivation of various bacteria and viruses by keeping the normal pressure in the bin, continuously working the materials for not less than 10 hours and keeping the temperature at not more than 80 ℃.
(3) Inoculating special aerobic strains: after high-temperature inactivation, starting a vacuum pump to quickly remove moisture in the material to reach the optimal moisture condition suitable for aerobic fermentation, starting an automatic microbial inoculum adding device to add the microbial inoculum, and continuously rotating a stirring motor to drive a rotating shaft to rotate so as to uniformly stir the strains and the material to complete inoculation;
oxygen supplementation and air supply rapid fermentation: when the fermentation inoculum is automatically added, the air inlet control valve of the degradation fermentation bin is opened, the oxygen supply air supply fan and the hot air heat exchanger are opened, oxygen-enriched fresh air is fed into the fermentation bin, aerobic microorganisms are rapidly expanded and cultured, organic materials are rapidly fermented and degraded, and an aerobic fermentation stage is started.
(4) Vacuum rapid drying dehydration: after the aerobic fermentation is finished, the heating system is closed, the material is cooled, the oxygen supply blower is closed, the vacuum pump is started, the material in the degradation fermentation bin is quickly dehydrated, the beneficial flora is dormant and enters a spore state, and the final fermentation treatment is finished;
(5) taking out the product from a warehouse, bagging and sealing: and discharging the fermented material from a discharge hole of the degradation fermentation bin, conveying the fermented material into a post-treatment unit in an aseptic manner, and packaging and storing the fermented material.
The specific working method of the rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment device comprises the following steps: when the steam boiler starts to work, the control system opens a feeding valve of a material feeding and distributing port, opens a steam feeding valve and drives a motor to rotate electrically; starting heating and stirring while the materials enter the degradation fermentation bin;
closing the feed inlet after the material is loaded, ventilating and pressurizing the bin to 0.1MPa, heating the bin until the temperature of the material reaches 126 ℃, inactivating the material for more than 20 minutes, and starting a high-temperature sterilization primary process for disposal; starting a vacuum pump after high-temperature sterilization to enable the interior of the bin to quickly reach a vacuum state, so that moisture in the materials is quickly removed to achieve an optimal moisture content condition suitable for aerobic fermentation; at the moment, the system automatically detects the environmental conditions in the bin, starts the biological environmental condition restoration in real time, and adjusts the water content, the temperature, the pressure and the oxygen flux in the bin;
inoculating, starting an automatic microbial inoculum feeding bin, quantitatively feeding a special fermentation microbial inoculum into the bin, and fully mixing and inoculating the special fermentation microbial inoculum with materials under the stirring action; starting high-temperature rapid aerobic fermentation, starting an oxygen supply fan, accelerating the propagation speed of microorganism aerobic bacteria, helping beneficial strains to rapidly establish dominant flora, and accelerating the rapid fermentation degradation of organic materials;
after the material is decomposed to a stage, starting vacuum rapid drying dehydration to a set moisture value to finish aerobic fermentation, closing a heating system, cooling the material, promoting the dormancy of beneficial flora to enter a spore state, and finishing final fermentation treatment; discharging and packaging, discharging the fermented materials from the fermentation bin, and conveying the materials into a packaging system through an aseptic conveyor to finish packaging and storage;
the control of the temperature, the pressure, the moisture, the oxygen amount, the material weight and the steam flow of the whole process of feeding metering, high-temperature inactivation, aerobic fermentation and quick decrement is realized by a PLC automatic control system to realize closed-loop centralized control; the organic garbage is treated in a harmless, reducing and recycling way through combined processes of high-temperature inactivation, special strain inoculation, aerobic fermentation, vacuum rapid dehydration and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, the waste gas generated in the process treatment process is treated: the waste gas which is in a vacuum state and dedusted by the metal filter cartridge deduster is discharged into a condenser to exchange heat with a cooling tower by a refrigerant, after heat exchange, water vapor in the waste gas is condensed and collected to a condensate tank for organized collection and then is intensively conveyed to a water treatment part, the non-condensable gas is discharged along with an outlet of a water ring pump after passing through the condenser, and the non-condensable gas is connected into a waste gas washing tower for organized collection and treatment and is discharged after reaching the standard; and (3) introducing waste gas generated in the aerobic fermentation section into a waste gas washing tower for organized collection and treatment, and discharging after the waste gas reaches the standard.
The heat source condensed water at the first condensed water outlet 311, the second condensed water outlet 312 and the third condensed water outlet 315 is recovered to a condensed water recovery unit and sent to a rear-end heat source regeneration system.
The fermentation inoculum can adopt A decomposed inoculant (WH-FS-A), and the inoculant consists of ACCC01958 bacillus licheniformis, ACC19373 bacillus licheniformis, AC20006 candidA tropicalis and CICC10650 common high-temperature actinomycetes. The strain can promote the rapid fermentation and decomposition of materials; the organic matters such as protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like are quickly degraded, the utilization rate of the organic matters and nutrients is improved, elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and the like in the materials can be quickly decomposed and mineralized to form simple organic matters or inorganic matters, and the product application of fermentation products is facilitated. When in use, the microbial inoculum is added according to the input ratio of 1-5 per mill of the microbial inoculum to the materials.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quick microorganism aerobic fermentation treatment device is characterized in that: comprises an oxygen supply and air supply system (1), a feeding system (2), a degradation fermentation bin (3), a condenser (4), a vacuum pump unit (5), a cooling tower (6), a condensed water tank (7), an exhaust gas washing tower (8) and an intelligent control cabinet (9); the system comprises an oxygen supply air supply system (1), a feed system (2) and a degradation fermentation bin (3), wherein the outlets of the oxygen supply air supply system (1) and the feed system (2) are respectively communicated with the degradation fermentation bin (3), the outlet of the degradation fermentation bin (3) is communicated with a condenser (4), a condensation outlet and a condensation inlet of the condenser (4) are connected with a cooling tower (6), and a gas outlet of the condenser (4) is connected with a waste gas washing tower (8) through a vacuum pump unit (5); the lower outlet of the condenser (4) is connected with a condensed water tank (7); the oxygen supply and air supply system (1) and the degradation fermentation bin (3) are both connected with a steam feed valve (10); the temperature, pressure, moisture, oxygen amount and quality sensor signals of the whole device in the treatment process are collected through an intelligent control cabinet (9), and the automatic operation control of the system is realized through a PLC.
2. The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the degradation fermentation bin (3) is provided with a feeding and distributing port (306) connected with a feeding system (2), an air supply and oxygen supplement pipe set (307) connected with an oxygen supply and air supply system (1), an automatic microbial inoculum adding device (308) and a metal filter drum dust remover (309) connected with a condenser (4), and a double-layer jacket (324) is arranged outside the bin body of the degradation fermentation bin (3); the device is characterized in that a double-rotating-shaft steam access point (303), a jacket steam access point (305) and a condensed water outlet are arranged on the degradation fermentation bin (3), a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the degradation fermentation bin (3), and a weighing and metering sensor (310) is arranged below a frame of the degradation fermentation bin (3).
3. The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the metal filter cartridge deduster (309) is connected with a waste gas outlet of the degradation fermentation bin (3), a plurality of metal filter cartridges (391) are arranged in the metal filter cartridge deduster (309), a metal filter screen is arranged on the outer surface of each metal filter cartridge (391), a steam heat-preservation interlayer (392) is arranged on the shell of the metal filter cartridge deduster (309), and a purging pipeline (394) and a shockproof vacuum meter (393) are arranged at the top of the metal filter cartridge deduster (309).
4. The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: 2 sets of hollow stirring shaft systems (318) which are parallel to each other are arranged in the degradation fermentation bin (3), and each hollow stirring shaft system (318) comprises a dynamic sealing heat source introduction joint (3181), a hollow transmission shaft (3182), an eccentric heating propulsion disc (3183) and a dynamic sealing heat source recovery interface (3185); the eccentric heating propulsion disc (3183) is arranged on the hollow transmission shaft (3182), and the eccentric directions of the 2 hollow transmission shafts (3182) are opposite; 2 hollow transmission shafts (3182) rotate oppositely to enable the materials to be circularly stirred in the degradation fermentation bin in a forward and reverse direction, so that the materials in the fermentation bin are fully and uniformly mixed and stirred; an anti-scaling auxiliary paddle (3184) is arranged at the outer edge of the eccentric heating propulsion disc (3183).
5. The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the degradation fermentation bin (3) is provided with a driving motor (301), and a gear set (304) is driven by a speed reducer (302) to drive a hollow stirring shaft system (318) to rotate;
the air supply oxygen supplementing pipe group (307) comprises an air inlet control valve (371), an air inlet main pipe (372) and an air distribution branch pipe (373) which are sequentially connected, and also comprises an oxygen supply air pipe outlet (374);
the degradation fermentation bin (3) is provided with an in-bin temperature sensor (319), an in-bin pressure sensor (320), a jacket temperature sensor (321) and a jacket pressure sensor (322); the temperature, pressure, moisture, weight, oxygen flux, quality and heat source feeding control of the whole flow of the feeding measurement, the heating inactivation and the aerobic fermentation are all controlled by a PLC automatic control system to realize closed-loop centralized control.
6. The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation treatment device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the oxygen supply and air supply system (1) comprises an oxygen supply and air supply fan (101), the oxygen supply and air supply fan (101) is connected with a hot air heat exchanger (102) for steam heat exchange, and a flow velocity air gauge (103) is arranged on the hot air heat exchanger (102);
the automatic microbial inoculum adding device (308) consists of a microbial inoculum storage bin (381) and an automatic control valve (383), wherein a meter (382) is arranged on the microbial inoculum storage bin (381), and the microbial inoculum adding amount is automatically and quantitatively controlled;
and a liquid level sensor (701) and a pressure sensor (702) are arranged on the condensed water tank (7) to control the drainage action.
7. A rapid microbial aerobic fermentation process using the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: (1) metering and delivering the organic materials; (2) sterilizing at high temperature in a positive pressure environment; (3) inoculating special aerobic strains; (4) vacuum fast drying dehydration; (5) and (5) taking the product out of the bin, bagging and sealing for storage.
8. The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation process of claim 7, wherein: the step (2) is specifically that the materials are put into a degradation fermentation chamber, the pressure is increased to 0.01MPa, the materials are heated to 126 ℃, the temperature and the pressure are kept for 20min, and the inactivation of harmful bacteria in the materials is realized through a high-temperature environment;
specifically, after high-temperature inactivation, starting a vacuum pump to quickly remove water in the material to reach the optimal condition of water suitable for aerobic fermentation, starting an automatic microbial inoculum adding device to add the microbial inoculum, and continuously rotating a stirring motor to drive a rotating shaft to rotate so as to uniformly stir the strains and the material to complete inoculation;
when the fermentation inoculum is automatically added, the air inlet control valve of the degradation fermentation bin is opened, the oxygen supply air supply fan and the hot air heat exchanger are opened, oxygen-enriched fresh air is fed into the fermentation bin, aerobic microorganisms are rapidly expanded and cultured, organic materials are rapidly fermented and degraded, and an aerobic fermentation stage is started.
9. The rapid microbial aerobic fermentation process of claim 8, wherein: after the aerobic fermentation is finished, closing the heating system, cooling the material, simultaneously closing the oxygen supply blower, starting the vacuum pump, quickly dehydrating the material in the degradation fermentation bin, enabling the beneficial flora to enter a spore state through dormancy, and finishing the final fermentation treatment;
and (5) specifically, discharging the fermented material from a discharge hole of the degradation fermentation bin, conveying the fermented material into a post-treatment unit in an aseptic manner, and packaging and storing the fermented material.
10. A rapid microbial aerobic fermentation process using the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: when the steam boiler starts to work, the control system opens a feeding valve of a material feeding and distributing port, opens a steam feeding valve and drives a motor to rotate electrically; starting heating and stirring while the materials enter the degradation fermentation bin;
closing the feed inlet after the material is loaded, ventilating and pressurizing the bin to 0.1MPa, heating the bin until the temperature of the material reaches 126 ℃, inactivating the material for more than 20 minutes, and starting a high-temperature sterilization primary process for disposal; starting a vacuum pump after high-temperature sterilization to enable the interior of the bin to quickly reach a vacuum state, so that moisture in the materials is quickly removed to achieve an optimal moisture content condition suitable for aerobic fermentation; at the moment, the system automatically detects the environmental conditions in the bin, starts the biological environmental condition restoration in real time, and adjusts the water content, the temperature, the pressure and the oxygen flux in the bin;
inoculating, starting an automatic microbial inoculum feeding bin, quantitatively feeding a special fermentation microbial inoculum into the bin, and fully mixing and inoculating the special fermentation microbial inoculum with materials under the stirring action; starting high-temperature rapid aerobic fermentation, starting an oxygen supply fan, accelerating the propagation speed of microorganism aerobic bacteria, helping beneficial strains to rapidly establish dominant flora, and accelerating the rapid fermentation degradation of organic materials;
after the material is decomposed to a stage, starting vacuum rapid drying dehydration to a set moisture value to finish aerobic fermentation, closing a heating system, cooling the material, promoting the dormancy of beneficial flora to enter a spore state, and finishing final fermentation treatment; discharging and packaging, discharging the fermented materials from the fermentation bin, and conveying the materials into a packaging system through an aseptic conveyor to finish packaging and storage;
the control of the temperature, the pressure, the moisture, the oxygen amount, the material weight and the steam flow of the whole process of feeding metering, high-temperature inactivation, aerobic fermentation and quick decrement is realized by a PLC automatic control system to realize closed-loop centralized control; the organic garbage is treated in a harmless, reducing and recycling way through combined processes of high-temperature inactivation, special strain inoculation, aerobic fermentation, vacuum rapid dehydration and the like.
Treating waste gas generated in the process treatment process: the waste gas which is in a vacuum state and dedusted by the metal filter cartridge deduster is discharged into a condenser to exchange heat with a cooling tower by a refrigerant, after heat exchange, water vapor in the waste gas is condensed and collected to a condensate tank to be subjected to tissue collection and then concentrated treatment, the non-condensable gas is discharged along with an outlet of a water ring pump after passing through the condenser, and the condensed gas is connected into a waste gas washing tower to be subjected to tissue collection and treatment and then discharged after reaching the standard; and (3) introducing waste gas generated in the aerobic fermentation section into a waste gas washing tower for organized collection and treatment, and discharging after the waste gas reaches the standard.
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