CN113735632B - Magnetic control type nitrogen fertilizer preparation system by using air plasma - Google Patents
Magnetic control type nitrogen fertilizer preparation system by using air plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN113735632B CN113735632B CN202111029952.2A CN202111029952A CN113735632B CN 113735632 B CN113735632 B CN 113735632B CN 202111029952 A CN202111029952 A CN 202111029952A CN 113735632 B CN113735632 B CN 113735632B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/38—Nitric acid
- C01B21/40—Preparation by absorption of oxides of nitrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic control type system for preparing nitrogen fertilizer by air plasma, which comprises a solar power generation device, a magnetic field control device, a plasma reaction device, an oxidation cavity device and a gas absorption pool device, wherein the magnetic field control device is connected with the solar power generation device, the solar power generation device supplies clean electric energy for the magnetic field control device, and the high-voltage end of the plasma reaction device is connected with the solar power generation device. The invention takes air as raw material, and effectively improves the yield of nitrogen oxide generated by plasma by combining magnetic field control and a variable diameter air flow field; converting nitrogen in the air into nitric oxide, further converting the nitric oxide into nitric acid molecules, and combining free ammonia in the agricultural fertilizer to generate stable and easily absorbed ammonium nitrate so as to improve the property of the agricultural fertilizer and serve as a nitrogen fertilizer for crop growth; the equipment is simple and portable, is beneficial to the rural area to use the air temperature plasma for carrying out autonomous nitrogen fixation and fertilizer preparation in a large range, and the reactants are green and pollution-free.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nitrogen fertilizer preparation, in particular to a system for preparing nitrogen fertilizer by using magnetic control type air plasmas.
Background
The Haber-Bosch method born in the 19 th century is the most widely used artificial nitrogen fixation method with the largest yield in the industry at present, can produce about 1.4 million tons of nitrogen every year, exceeds the total amount of nitrogen fixation in agricultural production, maintains the temperature fullness of 40 percent of the population of the earth, and is the basis of modern agriculture. However, the haber method nitrogen fixation industry consumes 2% of the total global energy consumption per year, 5% of the total natural gas consumption, and discharges more than 3 hundred million tons of carbon dioxide, so that the energy consumption is extremely high, the carbon emission is extremely high, and the global ecological environment is seriously influenced. In addition, the ammonium salt synthesized by the Haber method has short effective period, and a part of fertilizer often forms extremely volatile ammonia gas to escape from soil after fertilization, so that the effectiveness and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer are greatly reduced, and the agricultural production cost, particularly the fertilizer cost is high.
On the other hand, with the explosive growth of population and the advance of three industrial revolution, the demand of nitrogen fixation, especially the demand of nitrogen fertilizer for agriculture, is higher and higher. As nitrogen fertilizer is a necessity for all agricultural products, and ammonium salt and nitrate are the foundation of industries such as chemical industry, nonferrous metallurgy and the like, the worldwide demand for nitrogen-containing compounds, especially nitrogen fertilizer, is increasing day by day, and the industrial nitrogen fixation ratio is also increasing.
In recent years, with the intensive research on new energy power generation and plasma technology, artificial nitrogen fixation technology has also been newly developed. The plasma nitrogen fixation technology is a novel clean artificial nitrogen fixation process without carbon emission, normal temperature and pressure and easy operation. The nitrogen oxide is synthesized by converting nitrogen and oxygen in the air into nitrogen oxide through the action of plasma generated by high-voltage breakdown discharge and the air. The raw material required by the plasma nitrogen fixation technology is air which is sufficient and extremely easy to obtain, the generated nitric oxide is dissolved in water to form nitric acid (HNO3) which can reduce the pH value of the nitrogen-containing organic agricultural fertilizer, and volatile ammonia gas is converted into stable ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), so that the nitrogen content in the agricultural fertilizer is doubled, and the economic value is extremely high. The method greatly avoids the problems of environmental pollution such as carbon emission amplification and the like existing in the traditional industrial nitrogen fixation method, and provides a new direction for the development of the artificial nitrogen fixation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic control type air plasma nitrogen fertilizer preparation system, which utilizes atmospheric pressure air direct current glow discharge to form high-stability plasma, combines magnetic field control, enlarges the volume of a plasma region, enlarges the action region of the plasma and air, and solves the problem of low synthesis efficiency of nitrogen oxides in the nitrogen fixation process of the plasma. A large amount of nitrogen oxides are oxidized under the atmospheric pressure or high-pressure air condition and are discharged into the absorption pool to form a nitric acid solution, and the nitric acid and free ammonia in the organic agricultural fertilizer are subjected to chemical reaction to generate stable ammonium nitrate fertilizer, so that the nitrogen content which can be absorbed by plants in the agricultural fertilizer is effectively improved.
HNO3+NH3→NH4NO3
The aim of improving the nitrogen fixation rate by increasing the yield of the nitrogen oxide is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a magnetic control formula air plasma preparation nitrogen fertilizer system, wherein, includes solar power system, magnetic field control device, plasma reaction unit, oxidation cavity device and gaseous absorption pond device, magnetic field control device connects solar power system, solar power system supplies clean electric energy for magnetic field control device, plasma reaction unit high-pressure side is connected with solar power system, plasma reaction unit is connected to oxidation cavity device air inlet, oxidation cavity device gas outlet links to each other with gaseous absorption pond device via the pipeline, forms nitrogen oxide to the passageway of ammonium nitrate conversion.
Preferably, the solar power generation device comprises a photovoltaic solar panel, a storage battery, a pulse generator module, a hundred milliampere direct-current power supply module and an ampere magnitude direct-current power supply module, the photovoltaic solar panel is connected with the storage battery, the pulse generator module is connected with the plasma reaction device, the hundred milliampere direct-current power supply module is connected with the plasma reaction device, and the ampere magnitude direct-current power supply module is connected with the magnetic field control device.
Preferably, the magnetic field control device comprises a current-carrying solenoid and a circular magnetic core, one end of the current-carrying solenoid is connected with an ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module, the current-carrying solenoid is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field control device is a plurality of groups of M × N array, and the plurality of groups of magnetic field control devices are communicated through a conducting wire.
Preferably, the plasma reaction device comprises a tungsten rod electrode, a metal tube electrode, a medium tube and a displacement control platform, the metal tube electrode is connected with the positive electrodes of the pulse generator module and the hundred milliamperes direct current power supply module, the tungsten rod electrode is grounded, the lower end of the tungsten rod electrode is connected with the displacement control platform, the displacement control platform is used for adjusting the position of the tungsten rod electrode, the metal tube electrode is arranged at the upper end of the medium tube and is attached to the medium tube, two air inlets are formed in two sides of the lower portion of the medium tube, the plasma reaction device and the magnetic field control device are in the same array form, the bottom of the metal tube electrode is a discharge area, and the circular magnetic core is arranged between the medium tube and the current-carrying solenoid.
Preferably, the oxidation cavity device comprises an oxidation cavity, an air pump and a control valve, the air pump is connected with the plasma reaction device, and the control valve is arranged at an air inlet and an air outlet of the oxidation cavity device.
Preferably, the gas absorption tank device comprises a first-stage absorption tank, a second-stage absorption tank and a water pump, the first-stage absorption tank is connected with an air outlet of the oxidation cavity device through a pipeline, oxidized nitrogen oxides are dissolved in the solution to be changed into nitric acid solution, the second-stage absorption tank is connected with the first-stage absorption tank to receive the nitric acid solution in the first-stage absorption tank, and the nitric acid solution captures free ammonia in the second-stage absorption tank.
Preferably, the medium pipe is a variable-diameter medium pipe, one side of the medium pipe close to the discharge area is a hollow cone, and the bottom of the medium pipe is a hollow cylinder.
Preferably, the upper and lower electrodes in the plasma reaction apparatus are in a rod-rod form or a tube-rod form.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system for preparing the nitrogen fertilizer by the magnetic control type air plasma takes air as a raw material, and effectively improves the yield of nitrogen oxides generated by the plasma by combining magnetic field control and a variable-diameter air flow field; nitrogen elements in air which can not be directly utilized by crops are combined with free ammonia in the agricultural fertilizer to produce stable and easily absorbed ammonium nitrate, so that the property of the agricultural fertilizer is effectively improved; the equipment is simple and portable, and is beneficial to the large-scale use of air temperature plasma in rural areas for autonomous nitrogen fixation and fertilizer preparation; the plasma reaction device takes solar energy as a power supply, the reactants are green and pollution-free, zero emission of carbon is realized, and the new concept of green development is conformed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for preparing nitrogen fertilizer by using magnetic control type air plasma;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a plasma reaction device of a magnetic control type air plasma nitrogen fertilizer preparation system.
In the figure: 1. a solar power generation device; 2. a magnetic field control device; 3. a plasma reaction device; 4. an oxidation chamber device; 5. a gas absorption cell means; 6. a photovoltaic solar panel; 7. a storage battery; 8. a pulse generator module; 9. a hundred milliampere direct current power supply module; 10. an ampere-magnitude direct current power supply module; 11. a current carrying solenoid; 12. a toroidal magnetic core; 13. a tungsten rod electrode; 14. a metal tube electrode; 15. a medium pipe; 16. a displacement control platform; 17. an oxidation chamber; 18. an air pump; 19. a control valve; 20. a primary absorption tank; 21. a secondary absorption tank; 22. a water pump; 23. and a discharge region.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following description of the present invention is made with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The invention discloses a magnetic control type system for preparing nitrogen fertilizer by air plasma, which comprises a solar power generation device 1, a magnetic field control device 2, a plasma reaction device 3, an oxidation cavity device 4 and a gas absorption pool device 5, wherein the magnetic field control device 2 is connected with the solar power generation device 1, the solar power generation device 1 supplies clean electric energy for the magnetic field control device 2, the high-pressure end of the plasma reaction device 3 is connected with the solar power generation device 1, the gas inlet of the oxidation cavity device 4 is connected with the plasma reaction device 3, and the gas outlet of the oxidation cavity device 4 is connected with the gas absorption pool device 5 through a pipeline to form a channel for converting nitrogen oxide into ammonium nitrate;
the solar power generation device 1 comprises a photovoltaic solar panel 6, a storage battery 7, a pulse generator module 8, a milliampere direct-current power supply module 9 and an ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module 10, wherein the photovoltaic solar panel 6 is connected with the storage battery 7, converts solar energy into electric energy to be stored, and is used as an energy source of a magnetic control type air plasma nitrogen fertilizer preparation system; the pulse generator module 8 is connected with the plasma reaction device 3 and is an ignition device of discharge plasma; the hundred milliampere direct-current power supply module 9 is connected with the plasma reaction device 3 and is used for maintaining air plasma; the ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module 10 is connected with the magnetic field control device 2 and used for generating and adjusting a magnetic field.
The magnetic field control device 2 comprises a current-carrying solenoid 11 and a circular magnetic core 12, one end of the current-carrying solenoid 11 is connected with an ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module 10, and the current-carrying solenoid 11 is electrified to generate a magnetic field (the direction of the magnetic field is vertical and can be from top to bottom or from bottom to top), so that a plasma distribution area is controlled, and the action area with air is increased; the magnetic field control devices 2 are a plurality of groups of M multiplied by N type arrays, and the plurality of groups of magnetic field control devices 2 are communicated through conducting wires.
The plasma reaction device 3 comprises a tungsten rod electrode 13, a metal tube electrode 14, a medium tube 15 and a displacement control platform 16, wherein the metal tube electrode 14 is connected with the positive electrodes of the pulse generator module 8 and the milliampere direct-current power supply module 9, and the lower end of the tungsten rod electrode 13 is connected with the displacement control platform 16; the metal tube electrode 14 is arranged at the upper end of the medium tube 15, is attached to the medium tube 15 and serves as a high-voltage end, and the positive and negative polarities of the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube electrode 14 can be changed; the medium pipe 15 is provided with two air inlets as a gas channel and a reaction container, the lower end of the medium pipe 15 adopts a cylindrical or conical pipe orifice, wherein the conical pipe orifice is beneficial to the air to flow into a discharge area 23 of the plasma reaction device 3; the displacement control platform 16 can adjust the position of the tungsten rod electrode 13, control the discharge distance, the displacement control platform 16 can be removed, the normal operation of the plasma reaction device 3 is not essentially influenced, the plasma reaction device 3 and the magnetic field control device 2 adopt the same array form and are cooperatively used, the bottom of the metal tube electrode 14 is a discharge area 23, and the circular magnetic core 12 is arranged between the medium tube 15 and the current-carrying solenoid 11 and used for enhancing the magnetic field intensity.
The upper and lower electrodes in the plasma reaction apparatus 3 take a rod-rod form or a tube-rod form.
The oxidation cavity device 4 comprises an oxidation cavity 17, an air pump 18 and a control valve 19, wherein the air pump 18 is connected with the plasma reaction device 3 and is used for receiving nitrogen oxides generated by the air temperature plasma reaction array device 3 and promoting the flow of gas in the system; control valves 19 are provided at the inlet and outlet ports of the oxidation chamber assembly 4 for controlling the gas flow of the system.
The gas absorption tank device 5 comprises a primary absorption tank 20, a secondary absorption tank 21 and a water pump 22, wherein the primary absorption tank 20 is connected with an air outlet of the oxidation cavity device 4 through a pipeline, and oxidized nitrogen oxides are dissolved in a solution to be changed into a nitric acid solution; the second-stage absorption tank 21 is connected with the first-stage absorption tank 20 and receives the nitric acid solution in the first-stage absorption tank 20, the nitric acid solution captures free ammonia in the second-stage absorption tank 21, the free ammonia and the nitric acid solution are subjected to chemical reaction to form stable ammonium nitrate, and nitrogen elements in air which cannot be directly utilized by crops are converted into stable nitrogen fertilizer materials easy to absorb.
The working mode of the system for preparing nitrogen fertilizer by magnetic control type air plasma is explained as follows: referring to fig. 1, firstly, the valve between the oxidation chamber device 4 and the primary absorption cell 20 is opened, the air pump 18 is opened, air is sucked into the plasma reaction device 3 from the air inlets at both sides of the medium pipe 15 and flows towards the primary absorption cell 20, at this time, the plasma reaction device 3 is opened to generate gas rich in nitric oxide, the gas enters the oxidation chamber 17, in the oxidation chamber 17, the nitric oxide fully reacts with oxygen in the air to generate stable and easily water-soluble nitrogen dioxide, and the mixed gas of the nitrogen dioxide and the air enters the primary absorption cell 20 to react with water in the primary absorption cell 20 to form HNO3The solution, after reacting with water, is discharged from the primary absorption tank 20 without nitrogen oxides, at this time, a valve between the primary absorption tank 20 and the secondary absorption tank 21 is opened, a water pump 22 is used to pump the nitric acid solution in the primary absorption tank 20 into the secondary absorption tank 21, and the nitric acid solution reacts with the farmyard manure rich in ammonia to generate NH4NO3And finally, rich in NH4NO3The farmyard manure is discharged from the secondary absorption tank 21, namely the nitrogen fertilizer with high nitrogen content.
In particular, the operation of the plasma reactor 3 in the present invention is explained as follows: referring to fig. 1 and 2, under the action of the air pump 18, air continuously enters from the gas inlet, the photovoltaic solar panel 6 converts solar energy into electric energy, the electric energy is stored in the storage battery 7, high voltage pulses are converted through the pulse generator module 8, the electric energy is applied to the metal tube electrode 14 or the tungsten rod electrode 13 in the plasma reaction device 3 to break down the air, a plasma channel is formed between the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube electrode 14, at this time, under the action of the hundred milliampere direct current power supply module 9, the plasma between the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube electrode 14 can be stably maintained, the pulse generator module 8 is closed, at this time, the current-carrying solenoid 11 is driven through the ampere direct current power supply module 10 to generate a magnetic field in the axial direction of the plasma reaction device 3, under the action of the magnetic field, the plasma volume between the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube electrode 14 is expanded, the action volume with the air is increased, thereby improving the yield of the nitrogen oxide, reducing the energy consumption, and finally generating the nitrogen oxide gas which flows out of the plasma reaction device 3 along the direction of the metal tube electrode 14 and enters the oxidation chamber 17.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A magnetic control type air plasma nitrogen fertilizer preparation system is characterized in that: the device comprises a solar power generation device (1), a magnetic field control device (2), a plasma reaction device (3), an oxidation cavity device (4) and a gas absorption pool device (5), wherein the magnetic field control device (2) is connected with the solar power generation device (1), the solar power generation device (1) supplies clean electric energy for the magnetic field control device (2), the high-voltage end of the plasma reaction device (3) is connected with the solar power generation device (1), the gas inlet of the oxidation cavity device (4) is connected with the plasma reaction device (3), and the gas outlet of the oxidation cavity device (4) is connected with the gas absorption pool device (5) through a pipeline to form a channel for converting nitrogen oxides to ammonium nitrate;
the solar power generation device (1) comprises a photovoltaic solar panel (6), a storage battery (7), a pulse generator module (8), a hundred milliampere direct-current power supply module (9) and an ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module (10), wherein the photovoltaic solar panel (6) is connected with the storage battery (7), the pulse generator module (8) is connected with a plasma reaction device (3), the hundred milliampere direct-current power supply module (9) is connected with the plasma reaction device (3), and the ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module (10) is connected with a magnetic field control device (2); the magnetic field control device (2) comprises a current-carrying solenoid (11) and a circular magnetic core (12), one end of the current-carrying solenoid (11) is connected with an ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module (10), the current-carrying solenoid (11) is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field control device (2) is a plurality of groups of M x N-shaped arrays, and the plurality of groups of magnetic field control devices (2) are communicated through conducting wires;
the plasma reaction device (3) comprises a tungsten rod electrode (13), a metal tube electrode (14), a medium tube (15) and a displacement control platform (16), the metal tube electrode (14) is connected with the positive electrodes of the pulse generator module (8) and the milliampere direct-current power supply module (9), the tungsten rod electrode (13) is grounded, the lower end of the tungsten rod electrode is connected with a displacement control platform (16), the displacement control platform (16) is used for adjusting the position of the tungsten rod electrode (13), the metal tube electrode (14) is arranged at the upper end of the medium tube (15), is jointed with the medium pipe (15), two air inlets are arranged at two sides below the medium pipe (15), the plasma reaction device (3) and the magnetic field control device (2) adopt the same array form, the bottom of the metal tube electrode (14) is a discharge area (23), and the circular magnetic core (12) is arranged between the medium tube (15) and the current-carrying solenoid (11);
the oxidation cavity device (4) comprises an oxidation cavity (17), an air pump (18) and a control valve (19), wherein the air pump (18) is connected with the plasma reaction device (3), and the control valve (19) is arranged at an air inlet port and an air outlet port of the oxidation cavity device (4); the gas absorption tank device (5) comprises a primary absorption tank (20), a secondary absorption tank (21) and a water pump (22), wherein the primary absorption tank (20) is connected with an air outlet of the oxidation cavity device (4) through a pipeline to dissolve oxidized nitrogen oxides into a solution to be changed into a nitric acid solution, the secondary absorption tank (21) is connected with the primary absorption tank (20) to receive the nitric acid solution in the primary absorption tank (20), and the nitric acid solution captures free ammonia in the secondary absorption tank (21); the medium tube (15) is a variable-diameter medium tube, one side of the medium tube (15) close to the discharge area (23) is a hollow cone, and the bottom of the medium tube (15) is a hollow cylinder; the upper and lower electrodes in the plasma reaction device (3) are in a rod-rod form or a tube-rod form.
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