CN113735496A - 一种固废基复合砂浆浸渍板及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种固废基复合砂浆浸渍板及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种固废基复合砂浆浸渍板及其制作方法。该方法是在负压环境下，将固废基砂浆浸渍填充粒料骨架中，形成固废基复合砂浆浸渍板。所述的粒料骨架的制备方法为：通过筛选、打磨、表面处理等工艺优选出建筑废弃物粒料，在环氧树脂的作用下，形成点对点的有效搭接强度，并预留一定的孔道。所述的固废基砂浆的制备方法为：对废水进行除油、离子吸附、酸碱度调节等措施预处理，将处理后的废水用于粉煤灰、矿渣微粉、电石渣、海泡石等非活性胶凝材料的活性激发，最终形成可灌注用的固废基砂浆。本发明中主要原材料为建筑废弃物、工业废弃物以及废水。该产品在生产、使用中不再产生新的废气、废水、固体废物，是一种环境友好型材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种固废基复合砂浆浸渍板及其制作方法，可用于制作公路、铁路、隧道等工程用排水沟盖板、变形缝盖板、电缆沟盖板等。
背景技术
2021年政府工作报告提出，加强污染防治和生态建设，持续改善环境质量，深入实施可持续发展战略，巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果，促进生产生活方式绿色转型。广东省提出到2023年底，各试点城市在推行绿色工业、绿色生活、绿色农业，培育固体废物处置产业，推行固体废物多元共治等方面取得明显成效，工业固体废物和生活垃圾减量化资源化水平全面提升、危险废物全面安全管控、主要农业废弃物有效利用。无废试验区协同机制初步建立，区域联动不断加强、合作更加广泛深入。基于这样的大环境下，如何将建筑废弃物、工业废弃物有效、大量、无害化地应用，是现今研究的方向与重点。
现有的排水沟、电缆沟、伸缩缝盖板等板材主要有两大类，聚合物基和无机类。传统无机类主要为普通混凝土，造价低廉，但存在强度低，密实度差，搬运安装中易断板或破损，使用中易受腐蚀性离子侵蚀。新型的无机类盖板主要为RPC或UHPC板，强度高，厚度可设计，耐腐蚀性强，但制作工艺与养护工艺要求高。聚合物基盖板质地轻，耐腐蚀，搬运安装不断角，但后期使用时易老化，且废弃后难处置。
发明内容
基于现有建筑、工业废弃物处置压力与盖板存在的问题，本发明提出一种新型的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板及其制作方法。
本发明所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板为粒料骨架-密实填充结构；所述的粒料骨架由建筑废弃物粒料搭接而成；所述的密实填充结构由固废基砂浆实施。
所述粒料骨架的制备过程为：将建筑废弃物经过10-20mm孔径筛分后，采用球磨机对建筑废弃物粒料表面进行杂质清除与光圆处理；将偶联剂的正丁醇溶液喷洒于建筑废弃物粒料表面焖料24-48h；焖料完成后将环氧树脂胶粘剂与建筑废弃物粒料搅拌分散，装入模具中，预留孔道后预压成型，自然养护。
所述的偶联剂的正丁醇溶液中偶联剂与正丁醇的质量比1:10-15。
所述的环氧树脂胶粘剂与建筑废弃物粒料的质量比为1:6-8。
所述的固废基砂浆的制备方法为：将粉体与预处理的废水按质量比2-8:1混合均匀，所述的粉体由质量比为50-75:40-60:10-20:8-15:125-200的粉煤灰、矿粉、电石渣粉、海泡石粉、铸造废砂组成。
所述的废水为水泥制品厂压蒸废水或管桩厂压蒸废水。
所述废水的预处理方法为：(1)采用除油器取出废水中的油性脱模剂；(2)将海泡石粉与废水按质量比1:5-6混合分散5-30min后过滤，烘干，烘干后的海泡石粉可继续作为固废基砂浆组份使用；(3)采用模数1.0-1.2的水玻璃调节废水的pH值为9-11。
所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板的制作方法为：在0.06-0.1MPa负压环境下，将固废基砂浆浸渍填充已养护完成的粒料骨架中，形成固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，表面刮平，自然养护。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明中主要原材料为建筑废弃物，工业废弃物粉煤灰、矿渣、电石渣；以及管桩厂或制品厂压蒸废水。该产品在生产、使用中不再产生新的废气、废水、固体废物，是一种环境友好型材料。
(2)本发明的产品配方设计是利用矿物水化机理+化学激发+粒料表面改性等复合设计理念，实现性能的优化。利用电石渣粉中氢氧化钙与压蒸废水的高碱度激发粉煤灰与矿渣粉的活性，并提供一定的钙来源。粒料表面改性一方面去除其表面松软部分，另一方面对粒料表面形状进行光圆处理，提供较高的搭接强度与后期浇筑的方便。海泡石中含有多孔结构，可以去除压蒸废水中的萘系或磺酸盐类减水剂，也可以吸收一定量的水分进行存储，为后期粉煤灰等材料的水化反应提供潮湿养护环境。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明，但是本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
(1)粒料骨架的制备
将收集的建筑垃圾进行预筛分，筛分的孔径为10-20mm。采用球磨机对废弃物粒料表面进行杂质清除与光圆处理。将铝酸酯偶联剂10g加入100g正丁醇中分散均匀，然后喷洒于2800g经筛分，球磨处理好的建筑废弃物粒料中，搅拌均匀，焖料24h。将环氧树脂胶粘剂460g与上述粒料混合均匀，装入模具中，预留孔道后预压成型，自然养护。
(2)固废基砂浆的制备
管桩厂压蒸废水的预处理：取800g废水，利用除油器除油。加入160g海泡石粉进行搅拌30min，将海泡石粉过滤出，烘干。在压蒸废水中加入45g1.2模数的硅酸钠-氢氧化钾溶液，调节废水的pH值为9。
将粉煤灰1100g，矿粉800g，电石渣粉220g，废水预处理中烘干的海泡石粉160g，铸造废砂3900g混合均匀，然后与预处理后的压蒸废水搅拌均匀，制得砂浆。
(3)固废基复合砂浆浸渍板的制备
在压力为0.08MPa环境下，将制备好的砂浆灌入已完成养护粒料骨架中，表面刮平，室温(20-23℃)下养护7d即可。
Claims (8)
1.一种固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，其特征在于，所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板为粒料骨架-密实填充结构；所述的粒料骨架由建筑废弃物粒料搭接而成；所述的密实填充结构由固废基砂浆实施。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，其特征在于，所述的所述粒料骨架的制备过程为：将建筑废弃物经过10-20mm孔径筛分后，采用球磨机对建筑废弃物粒料表面进行杂质清除与光圆处理；将偶联剂的正丁醇溶液喷洒于建筑废弃物粒料表面焖料24-48h；焖料完成后将环氧树脂胶粘剂与建筑废弃物粒料搅拌分散，装入模具中，预留孔道后预压成型，自然养护。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，其特征在于，所述的偶联剂的正丁醇溶液中偶联剂与正丁醇的质量比1:10-15。
4.根据权利要求2所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，其特征在于，所述的环氧树脂胶粘剂与建筑废弃物粒料的质量比为1:6-8。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，其特征在于，所述的固废基砂浆的制备方法为：将粉体与预处理的废水按质量比2-8:1混合均匀，所述的粉体由质量比为50-75:40-60:10-20:8-15:125-200的粉煤灰、矿粉、电石渣粉、海泡石粉、铸造废砂组成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，其特征在于，所述的废水为水泥制品厂压蒸废水或管桩厂压蒸废水。
7.根据权利要求6所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，其特征在于，所述废水的预处理方法为：(1)采用除油器取出废水中的油性脱模剂；(2)将海泡石粉与废水按质量比1:5-6混合分散5-30min后过滤，烘干，烘干后的海泡石粉可继续作为固废基砂浆组份使用；(3)采用模数1.0-1.2的水玻璃调节废水的pH值为9-11。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的固废基复合砂浆浸渍板的制作方法，其特征在于，所述制作方法的具体操作为：在0.06-0.1MPa负压环境下，将固废基砂浆浸渍填充已养护完成的粒料骨架中，形成固废基复合砂浆浸渍板，表面刮平，自然养护。
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