CN113727772A - Exhaust gas treatment device and exhaust gas treatment method - Google Patents
Exhaust gas treatment device and exhaust gas treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113727772A CN113727772A CN202080027837.9A CN202080027837A CN113727772A CN 113727772 A CN113727772 A CN 113727772A CN 202080027837 A CN202080027837 A CN 202080027837A CN 113727772 A CN113727772 A CN 113727772A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
- B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
Abstract
An adsorbent supply unit (41) of an exhaust gas treatment device (4) supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue (3) through which the exhaust gas flows. The bag filter (42) is provided in the flue (3), collects the mercury adsorbent by the plurality of filter cloths (422), and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloths (422) by backwashing operation for each of the plurality of filter cloths (422). The upstream mercury concentration meter (45) measures the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream mercury concentration for the plurality of filter arrays (422). When the upstream mercury concentration becomes lower than a second threshold value from a value equal to or higher than the second threshold value in an abnormality in which the upstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value, the control unit (40) starts a backwashing operation with a short cycle shorter than a set cycle for sequentially performing the backwashing operation on the plurality of filter rows (422) in a normal state.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device and an exhaust gas treatment method.
Reference to related applications
The present application claims priority based on japanese patent application JP2019-75313 filed on 11/4/2019, and the entire disclosure of the application is incorporated into the present application.
Background
When general waste such as municipal waste is incinerated, exhaust gas containing mercury may be generated. In this case, a mercury adsorbent such as activated carbon is supplied to the exhaust gas to remove mercury in the exhaust gas. For example, japanese patent laid-open No. 2009-291734 (document 1) discloses an exhaust gas treatment device that supplies activated carbon into a pipe provided on the upstream side in accordance with the mercury concentration in a pipe provided on the downstream side in the flow direction of exhaust gas with respect to a bag filter. In addition, the following methods are also described: when the downstream mercury concentration exceeds a set value, the backwashing operation of the bag filter is performed. Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2016-7572 (reference 2) discloses the following method: when the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the downstream side of the bag filter exceeds a predetermined value, the bag filter is backwashed at a high speed with a high cycle shorter than the low cycle.
As described above, in documents 1 and 2, the backwashing operation is started when the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the downstream side of the bag filter increases. At this time, the deposit containing the mercury adsorbent is sequentially removed from the plurality of filter cloths in a short period of time, but in a state where the mercury concentration on the upstream side of the bag filter is high, the exhaust gas having a high mercury concentration passes through the plurality of filter cloths on which the mercury adsorbent is not substantially deposited. In this case, the mercury concentration on the downstream side greatly increases.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to prevent the mercury concentration of exhaust gas with high mercury concentration from increasing on the downstream side due to the exhaust gas passing through a filter cloth without accumulated mercury adsorbent.
(II) technical scheme
An exhaust gas treatment device according to the present invention includes: an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue, traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups, and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively; an upstream mercury concentration meter that measures a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups; and a control unit that sequentially executes the backwashing operation at a set cycle for the plurality of filter cloth groups at a normal time, and starts the backwashing operation at a short cycle shorter than the set cycle when the upstream mercury concentration becomes lower than a second threshold value from a value equal to or higher than the second threshold value in an abnormality in which the upstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value.
Another exhaust gas treatment device according to the present invention includes: an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue, traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups, and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively; an upstream mercury concentration meter that measures a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups; a downstream-side mercury concentration meter that measures a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on a downstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as a downstream-side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups; and a control unit that sequentially executes the backwashing operation at a set cycle for the plurality of filter cloth groups at a normal time, and starts the backwashing operation at a short cycle shorter than the set cycle when the upstream mercury concentration is less than a fourth threshold value in the event of an abnormality in which the downstream mercury concentration is equal to or greater than a third threshold value.
In the exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention, the downstream mercury concentration increase caused by the exhaust gas having a high mercury concentration passing through the filter cloth group on which the mercury adsorbent is not deposited can be suppressed.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the control unit sequentially performs the short-cycle backwashing operation on at least half of the plurality of filter cloth groups.
In another preferred aspect of the present invention, the exhaust gas treatment device further includes: a distribution section that recovers the mercury adsorbent removed from the filter cloth group as a recovery adsorbent and distributes the mercury adsorbent to a circulation-use storage section and a discharge-use storage section; and a collected adsorbent supply unit configured to supply the collected adsorbent stored in the circulation storage unit to the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas in the plurality of filter cloth groups, and to supply the collected adsorbent collected in the short-cycle backwashing operation to the discharge storage unit by the distribution unit.
Preferably, the upstream-side mercury concentration meter measures a zero-valent mercury concentration of the exhaust gas as the upstream-side mercury concentration.
The invention also provides an exhaust gas treatment method in the exhaust gas treatment device. In one exhaust gas treatment method according to the present invention, an exhaust gas treatment device includes: an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; and an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue, traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups, and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively, the exhaust gas treatment method including: measuring a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups; when the upstream mercury concentration becomes lower than a second threshold value when the upstream mercury concentration is not lower than the second threshold value in an abnormality in which the upstream mercury concentration is not lower than the first threshold value, the backwashing operation is started with a shorter cycle than a set cycle in which the backwashing operation is sequentially executed on the plurality of filter cloth groups at a normal time.
In another exhaust gas treatment method according to the present invention, an exhaust gas treatment device includes: an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; and an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue, traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups, and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively, the exhaust gas treatment method including: measuring a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on a downstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as a downstream-side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups, and measuring a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream-side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups; in the case where the upstream mercury concentration is lower than a fourth threshold value in the event of an abnormality in which the downstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than a third threshold value, the backwashing operation is started with a short cycle shorter than a set cycle in which the backwashing operation is sequentially executed on the plurality of filter cloth groups in a normal state.
The above objects, and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of an incineration apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of a bag filter.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an operation flow of the exhaust gas treatment device according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the change in the upstream-side mercury concentration.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the vapor-phase mercury concentration and the equilibrium adsorption amount.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an operation flow of the exhaust gas treatment device according to the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
(first embodiment)
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an incineration facility 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The incineration facility 1 is a facility for incinerating wastes such as municipal wastes. The incineration facility 1 includes: incinerator 21, flue 3, exhaust gas treatment device 4, chimney 22. The combustion of the waste and the combustion of combustible gas generated from the waste are performed in the incinerator 21. The flue 3 is a gas flow path continuous from the incinerator 21 to the chimney 22. The exhaust gas treatment device 4 is provided in the flue 3. An induction fan, not shown, is also provided in the flue 3. The exhaust gas (combustion gas) generated by the incinerator 21 is discharged to the flue 3 by the induced draft fan and guided to the chimney 22 through the exhaust gas treatment device 4. In the incineration facility 1, the exhaust gas flowing through the flue 3 is subjected to a predetermined treatment by the exhaust gas treatment device 4. The stack 3 is shown in fig. 1 by a thick solid line. In the following description, the inside of the chimney 22 also serves as a part of the flue 3.
The exhaust gas treatment device 4 includes: a control unit 40 (see fig. 2 described later), an adsorbent supply unit 41, a bag filter 42, a collected ash distribution unit 441, a circulation storage unit 442, a collected ash supply unit 443, a discharge storage unit 444, an upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45, and a downstream-side mercury concentration meter 46. The control unit 40 is a computer provided with a CPU or the like, for example, and executes the overall control of the exhaust gas treatment device 4. The control unit 40 may also serve as a control unit of the incineration facility 1. The bag filter 42 is provided in the flue 3. An inlet of the upstream mercury concentration meter 45, a supply port of the collected ash supply portion 443, and a supply port of the adsorbent supply portion 41 are provided in a portion 31 of the flue 3 (hereinafter referred to as "upstream side flue 31") located on the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas with respect to the bag filter 42, and an inlet of the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 is provided in a portion 32 of the flue 3 (hereinafter referred to as "downstream side flue 32") located on the downstream side in the flow direction with respect to the bag filter 42. In fig. 1, the intake port for the downstream-side mercury concentration 46 is provided in the stack 22, for example.
The adsorbent supply unit 41 has, for example, a platen feeder or the like, and supplies (blows) the powdery mercury adsorbent to the exhaust gas flowing through the upstream flue 31. The mercury sorbent is, for example, activated carbon. As the mercury adsorbent, activated carbon in which iodine or sulfur is added to the surface of activated carbon, for example, may be used. The exhaust gas treatment device 4 may be provided with an alkaline chemical supply unit that supplies an alkaline chemical to the exhaust gas flowing through the upstream flue 31. The alkaline agent is an agent for desalting and desulfurizing, and is, for example, powdered slaked lime or the like.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the bag filter 42. In fig. 2, the structure of another part of exhaust gas treatment device 4 is also shown as a block. The bag filter 42 includes: a housing 421, a plurality of filter arrays 422, and a backwashing section 43. The casing 421 is connected to the upstream side flue 31. A plurality of filter arrangements 422 are disposed inside the housing 421. Each filter cloth row 422 is a filter cloth group comprising a plurality of filter cloths. Each filter cloth is, for example, a bag-like (typically, a bottomed cylindrical shape). In the filter cloth row 422, a plurality of filter cloths are arranged in a row. The inner spaces of the filter cloths in the filter arrangements 422 are connected to the downstream side flue 32. The exhaust gas flowing through the upstream side flue duct 31 flows into the downstream side flue duct 32 through any one of the filter cloths included in the plurality of filter arrays 422. Fly ash, mercury adsorbent, and the like contained in the exhaust gas are captured by the plurality of filter arrangements 422. Fly ash, mercury sorbent, etc. are deposited on the filter cloth. The bag filter 42 is an adsorbent trapping portion that traps the mercury adsorbent.
In the interior of the case 421, when the exhaust gas passes through the filter cloth, the mercury adsorbent deposited on the filter cloth adsorbs mercury contained in the exhaust gas. Adsorption of mercury by the mercury adsorbent also occurs in the upstream-side flue 31. The mercury adsorbent may adsorb dioxin and the like contained in the exhaust gas. In addition, when the above-described basic chemical is supplied, the basic chemical is also trapped by the filter cloth. The acidic gas (hydrogen chloride, sulfur oxide, etc.) contained in the exhaust gas reacts with the basic chemical on the filter cloth, and the acidic gas is removed from the exhaust gas.
The backwashing unit 43 includes an air conditioner compressor 431, a compressed air pipe 432, and a plurality of valves 434. The air conditioner compressor 431 generates compressed air (pulse injection). The air conditioner compressor 431 is connected to one end of a compressed air pipe 432. The other end of the compressed air pipe 432 branches into a plurality of branch pipes 433. A plurality of valves 434 are provided in each of the plurality of branch pipes 433. Each branch pipe 433 has a plurality of nozzles, which face the inner spaces of the plurality of filter cloths included in one filter arrangement 422, respectively. As will be described later, the compressed air generated by the air conditioner compressor 431 is blown into the inner spaces of the plurality of filter cloths included in the filter cloth row 422 through the branch pipe 433. The branch pipes 433 correspond to the filter arrangements 422, respectively.
In the bag filter 42, fly ash, mercury adsorbent, and the like accumulated on the filter cloth of each filter cloth row 422 are removed by a backwashing operation using compressed air. Specifically, in the backwashing operation for each filter cloth row 422, the air-conditioning compressor 431 supplies compressed air to the compressed air pipe 432 in a state where the valve 434 of the branch pipe 433 corresponding to the filter cloth row 422 is opened and the remaining valves 434 are closed. Thereby, compressed air is blown into the internal space of the plurality of filter cloths included in the filter cloth row 422. In other words, the compressed air is supplied to each filter cloth of the filter cloth row 422 from the downstream side to the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. As a result, the fly ash, mercury adsorbent, and the like accumulated in the filter cloth row 422 are removed, that is, the collected substances in the filter cloth row 422 are removed. In the backwashing section 43, compressed gas other than air may be used. Alternatively, fly ash, mercury sorbent, etc. may be removed from the filter cloth row 422 by other methods.
The recovered ash distribution section 441 of fig. 1 has, for example, a conveyor and a door. The collected ash distribution unit 441 collects the fly ash, the mercury adsorbent, and the like removed from the filter cloth row 422 as collected ash, and distributes the collected ash to the circulation storage unit 442 and the discharge storage unit 444. The discharge storage 444 stores the collected ash supplied from the collected ash distribution unit 441. In the discharge reservoir 444, if necessary, a chelating treatment or the like may be performed in which a chelating agent as a heavy metal stabilizer is mixed with the recovered ash, and the recovered ash may be discarded. The recycling storage unit 442 stores the collected ash supplied from the collected ash distribution unit 441. The collected ash supply portion 443 includes, for example, a platen feeder, and supplies the collected ash stored in the circulation storage portion 442 to the upstream flue 31. Since the mercury adsorbent is contained in the recovered ash, the recovered ash can be used as the recovered adsorbent. The circulation storage unit 442 and the recovered ash supply unit 443 are a recovered adsorbent storage unit and a recovered adsorbent supply unit, respectively.
The upstream mercury concentration meter 45 and the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 take in and analyze a part of the exhaust gas flowing along the flue 3, thereby obtaining a measured value of the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas. As described above, in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, the inlet of the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 is disposed on the upstream side of the bag filter 42 (upstream flue 31), and the inlet of the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 is disposed on the downstream side of the bag filter 42 (downstream flue 32). In the example of fig. 1, the inlet of the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 is located upstream (toward the incinerator 21) of the supply port of the collected ash supply portion 443 and the supply port of the adsorbent supply portion 41.
Here, the mercury contained in the exhaust gas exists mainly as atomic mercury having a zero valence (hereinafter referred to as "zero-valent mercury") and as divalent mercury (hereinafter referred to as "divalent mercury") constituting mercury compounds such as mercury chloride. The upstream mercury concentration meter 45 and the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 each include a concentration acquisition unit that acquires a measured value of the mercury concentration based on zero-valent mercury by an ultraviolet absorption method or the like.
The downstream-side mercury concentration meter 46 further includes a reduction catalyst that reduces the divalent mercury contained in the exhaust gas to zero-valent mercury, and measures the concentration of zero-valent mercury contained in the reduced gas (i.e., the total concentration of zero-valent mercury originally contained in the exhaust gas and zero-valent mercury obtained by reducing the divalent mercury, hereinafter referred to as "total mercury concentration") as the downstream-side mercury concentration. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the downstream-side mercury concentration is continuously measured by the downstream-side mercury concentration meter 46.
On the other hand, the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 measures the concentration of zero-valent mercury originally contained in the exhaust gas as the upstream mercury concentration in a state where the divalent mercury contained in the exhaust gas is not reduced to zero-valent mercury without containing a reduction catalyst. In the upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45, the time required to reduce the divalent mercury to zero-valent mercury is eliminated, and the upstream-side mercury concentration can be measured quickly. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the upstream-side mercury concentration is continuously measured by the upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45.
Depending on the design of the exhaust gas treatment device 4, a reduction catalyst may be provided in the upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45, and the total mercury concentration may be measured as the upstream-side mercury concentration. Since both of the zero-valent mercury and the divalent mercury are detected in the measurement of the total mercury concentration, the upstream-side mercury concentration can be accurately measured. Similarly, the downstream-side mercury concentration meter 46 may measure the zero-valent mercury concentration as the downstream-side mercury concentration. Alternatively, the zero-valent mercury concentration and the total mercury concentration may be selectively measured by the upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45 and the downstream-side mercury concentration meter 46.
Next, the basic operation of exhaust gas treatment device 4 will be described. First, in the adsorbent supply unit 41, the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is controlled based on (the measured value of) the upstream-side mercury concentration in the upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45. For example, the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is increased when the upstream-side mercury concentration is relatively high, and the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is decreased when the upstream-side mercury concentration is relatively low. In the case where the mercury adsorbent is activated carbon, since the activated carbon also adsorbs dioxins, it is preferable that the mercury adsorbent is supplied to the flue 3 by a predetermined amount or more at all times while the exhaust gas flows through the flue 3. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the mercury concentration in the exhaust gas flowing along the downstream side flue 32 can be reduced by controlling the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent supplied from the adsorbent supply unit 41. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the supply amount of the recovered ash supplied from the recovered ash supply portion 443 may be controlled based on the upstream-side mercury concentration. The supply amounts of the mercury adsorbent and the recovered ash may be controlled based on the downstream-side mercury concentration of the downstream-side mercury concentration meter 46.
In the bag filter 42, the backwashing operation is sequentially performed on the plurality of filter arrays 422 at a predetermined cycle (for example, at intervals of several tens of minutes, hereinafter referred to as a "set cycle"). Typically, when the backwashing operation is performed on one filter cloth row 422, the backwashing operation is performed on the next filter cloth row 422 in the arrangement order of the filter cloth rows 422 after a set period has elapsed. The order of backwashing the plurality of filter arrays 422 may not be the same. Further, the differential pressure between the upstream flue 31 and the downstream flue 32 is measured in the vicinity of the bag filter 42. When (a measured value of) the differential pressure is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the backwashing operation is performed on the next filter cloth 422 even before the backwashing operation on the one filter cloth 422 has passed through a predetermined period. In the following description, the backwashing operation when the differential pressure is equal to or greater than a predetermined value is referred to as "backwashing operation based on the differential pressure".
In the collected ash distributing section 441, fly ash, mercury adsorbent, and the like (i.e., collected ash) removed by the backwashing operation are distributed to the circulation reservoir 442 and the discharge reservoir 444 at a predetermined ratio. As described above, the recovered ash stored in the circulation storage 442 can be supplied to the upstream flue 31 through the recovered ash supply portion 443. The recovered ash stored in the discharge storage section 444 may be subjected to a chelating treatment or the like as needed, and then discarded.
Next, the operation of the exhaust gas treatment device 4 in an abnormal state in which the upstream side mercury concentration increases will be described. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an operation flow of exhaust gas treatment device 4 in an abnormal state. The operation of the bag filter 42 and the collected ash distribution portion 441 is mainly performed in the abnormal state, and is different from the normal operation in the non-abnormal state. In the adsorbent supply unit 41 and the recovered ash supply unit 443, the supply amounts of the mercury adsorbent and the recovered ash are controlled based on the upstream-side mercury concentration (and/or the downstream-side mercury concentration) also in the abnormal state, as in the normal state. The operations of the adsorbent supply unit 41 and the collected ash supply unit 443 may be changed between normal operation and abnormal operation. For example, since the new mercury adsorbent from the adsorbent feeding portion 41 is preferentially fed at the time of abnormality, the feeding amount of the recovered ash can be reduced.
As described above, the upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45 continuously measures the upstream-side mercury concentration in the upstream flue 31 (step S11). When the upstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined first threshold (step S12), the control unit 40 determines that the system is abnormal, and then a condition for determining the execution of the forced backwashing (hereinafter referred to as "determination execution condition for forced backwashing") is established. The forced backwashing is a process of performing a backwashing operation at a cycle shorter than a set cycle. Immediately after the upstream mercury concentration becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold value, the forced backwashing is not executed because the condition for starting the execution of the forced backwashing, which will be described later, is not established. As described above, in the adsorbent supply portion 41, the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent increases as the upstream-side mercury concentration increases. As will be described later, the equilibrium adsorption amount of mercury in the mercury adsorbent increases as the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas increases. As a result, the downstream mercury concentration (measured value) is suppressed from increasing.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the change in the upstream-side mercury concentration. In the example of fig. 4, at time T1, the upstream-side mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value V1. After the determination execution condition for the forced backwash is satisfied, the control unit 40 confirms whether or not the upstream mercury concentration becomes lower than the second threshold V2 from a value equal to or higher than the second threshold V2, that is, whether or not an execution start condition for starting execution of the forced backwash is satisfied. Here, the second threshold V2 is larger than the first threshold V1, but the second threshold V2 may be equal to or smaller than the first threshold V1. The second threshold value V2 is, for example, 3 to 100 μ g/m when the upstream mercury concentration is zero-valent mercury concentration3And N is added. The second threshold value V2 is, for example, 30 to 500 [ mu ] g/m when the upstream mercury concentration is the total mercury concentration3N。
In the example of fig. 4, the upstream-side mercury concentration also tends to increase immediately after time T1 at which the upstream-side mercury concentration becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold value V1, and becomes equal to or higher than the second threshold value V2. At this time, since the condition for starting the execution of the forced backwashing is not satisfied, the forced backwashing is not started. In other words, the forced backwashing is not performed in a state where the upstream side mercury concentration is high. Thereafter, the period in which the upstream-side mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the second threshold value V2 continues to some extent, and at time T2, the upstream-side mercury concentration becomes smaller than the second threshold value V2 (step S13). This establishes a condition for starting the execution of the forced backwashing, and starts the forced backwashing (step S14).
In the forced backwashing, a backwashing operation is sequentially performed for all or a part of the plurality of filter arrays 422 for a short period (short interval) shorter than a set period. Thereby, the mercury adsorbent having a large mercury adsorption amount accumulated on the filter cloth row 422 in a state where the upstream side mercury concentration is high (at the time of abnormality) is quickly removed. As will be described later, in the mercury adsorbent having a large amount of mercury adsorbed, the mercury is likely to be desorbed as the upstream-side mercury concentration decreases, but in the exhaust gas treatment device 4, when the upstream-side mercury concentration becomes lower than the second threshold value V2, a forced backwash is performed. Thereby preventing or inhibiting: mercury desorbs from the mercury sorbent on the filter cloth column 422 and the downstream side mercury concentration increases.
In the forced backwashing, for example, backwashing operation is performed on at least 1/10 of the plurality of filter rows 422 in the bag filter 42. Preferably, the backwashing operation is performed on more than half of the plurality of filter arrangements 422, and more preferably, the backwashing operation is performed on all of the plurality of filter arrangements 422. In the following description, the backwashing operation is set to be performed for all of the plurality of filter rows 422 in the forced backwashing. The backwashing operation in the forced backwashing may be performed for a plurality of filter arrays 422 at least once. The period of the backwashing operation in the forced backwashing can be determined within a range in which a predetermined amount of compressed air can be repeatedly generated in the air conditioner compressor 431. The cycle of the backwashing operation is, for example, 1/2 or less, preferably 1/5 or less, and more preferably 1/10 or less of the set cycle.
Recovered ash (fly ash, mercury adsorbent, etc.) removed and recovered from the filter cloth row 422 in the forced backwashing can be supplied to the discharge storage unit 444 through the recovered ash distribution unit 441. In principle, the recovered ash is distributed only to the discharge reservoir 444. Therefore, the mercury adsorbent having a large amount of mercury adsorbed is not stored in the circulation storage section 442 and supplied to the flue 3.
In the preferred discharge reservoir 444, the collected ash supplied during the forced backwashing is stored separately from the collected ash supplied during the normal backwashing operation. For example, in the discharge storage section 444, the recovered ash supplied in the forced backwashing is heated, and a mercury removal process is performed to volatilize mercury (mercury adsorbed by the mercury adsorbent) contained in the recovered ash. Next, a chelating treatment is performed in which a chelating agent is mixed with the collected ash, and then the collected ash is discarded. When the recovered ash contains a large amount of mercury, there is a possibility that mercury is eluted from the recovered ash in the chelation treatment, but the recovered ash discharged in the forced backwashing is subjected to a mercury removal treatment, thereby preventing mercury from being eluted in the chelation treatment after the mercury removal treatment.
When the forced backwashing is completed, the bag filter 42 and the collected ash distribution portion 441 return to the normal operation. In the bag filter 42, the backwashing operation is performed after a predetermined period has elapsed since the last backwashing operation of the filter cloth rows 422 on which the last backwashing operation in the forced backwashing is performed. In the case where only a part of the filter cloth rows 422 is backwashed during the forced backwashing, the collected ash distribution unit 441 returns to the normal operation after completing the backwashing operation (including the backwashing operation based on the set cycle and the backwashing operation based on the differential pressure) on all the filter cloth rows 422 after establishing the condition for starting the execution of the forced backwashing. This prevents the mercury adsorbent deposited on the filter cloth row 422 in a state where the upstream mercury concentration is high (at the time of abnormality) from being stored in the circulation storage section 442.
In the bag filter 42, a backwashing operation by a set period and a backwashing operation by a differential pressure can be performed in the same manner as in the normal case at the time of an abnormality. In the backwashing operation based on the set period and the backwashing operation based on the differential pressure, the period from the backwashing operation on one filter cloth 422 to the backwashing operation on the next filter cloth 422 is sufficiently longer than the period of the backwashing operation in the forced backwashing. Therefore, there is no problem even if the backwashing operation based on the set period and the backwashing operation based on the differential pressure are executed at the time of abnormality.
Next, an exhaust gas treatment device of a comparative example will be described. In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the comparative example, the forced backwashing was performed immediately after the upstream mercury concentration became equal to or higher than the first threshold value V1. In the forced backwashing, backwashing operations for the plurality of filter rows 422 are sequentially performed at a short cycle. Therefore, the amount of mercury sorbent deposited on the plurality of filter arrangements 422 may temporarily become less. On the other hand, immediately after the upstream-side mercury concentration becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold, the upstream-side mercury concentration tends to increase, and the upstream-side mercury concentration is in a high state. Therefore, the exhaust gas having a higher mercury concentration passes through the filter cloth row 422 substantially without the accumulated mercury adsorbent, resulting in a large rise in the downstream-side mercury concentration.
In contrast, in the exhaust gas treatment device 4, when the upstream mercury concentration becomes lower than the second threshold value from the value equal to or higher than the second threshold value in the event of an abnormality in which the upstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value (that is, after the establishment of the condition for performing the forced backwashing), the backwashing operation (forced backwashing) is started with a short cycle shorter than the set cycle for sequentially performing the backwashing operation on the plurality of filter arrays 422 in the normal state. This can suppress the increase in the downstream mercury concentration caused by the exhaust gas having a high mercury concentration passing through the filter arrangement 422 in which the mercury adsorbent is not deposited.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the vapor-phase mercury concentration and the equilibrium adsorption amount. The solid line in fig. 5 shows the relationship between the vapor-phase mercury concentration and the equilibrium adsorption amount obtained in an adsorption experiment in which a simulated exhaust gas containing mercury is introduced into a mercury adsorbent for a predetermined time, and is hereinafter referred to as "adsorption-side curve". The broken line in fig. 5 represents the relationship between the vapor-phase mercury concentration and the equilibrium adsorption amount obtained in a desorption experiment in which a simulated exhaust gas containing no mercury is led to a mercury adsorbent adsorbing mercury for a predetermined time, and is hereinafter referred to as a "desorption-side curve". As shown in fig. 5, the equilibrium adsorption amount increases with the increase in the vapor-phase mercury concentration in both the adsorption-side curve and the desorption-side curve. In addition, when compared by one equilibrium adsorption amount, the gas-phase mercury concentration shown by the graph on the desorption side is lower than the gas-phase mercury concentration shown by the graph on the adsorption side. Therefore, with respect to the mercury adsorbent that adsorbs an equilibrium adsorption amount of mercury at a certain mercury concentration, mercury desorption starts at a mercury concentration lower than the mercury concentration.
As shown in fig. 4, when the upstream-side mercury concentration decreases after the upstream-side mercury concentration becomes maximum at time T3, mercury desorption does not occur immediately after time T3, but mercury desorption easily occurs as the upstream-side mercury concentration decreases. In fact, since the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas fluctuates, the equilibrium adsorption amount of mercury is not necessarily adsorbed by the mercury adsorbent. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, an appropriate second threshold value V2 for starting the forced backwashing before the desorption amount of mercury from the mercury adsorbent is increased is set in advance based on experiments or the like, and the forced backwashing is started when the upstream-side mercury concentration becomes less than the second threshold value V2. This can suppress an increase in the downstream-side mercury concentration due to desorption of mercury adsorbed by the mercury adsorbent on the filter arrangement 422 from the mercury adsorbent with a decrease in the upstream-side mercury concentration in a state where the upstream-side mercury concentration is high.
After the abnormality occurs, the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas in which the mercury adsorbent on the filter arrangement 422 starts to be desorbed is considered to be related to the average mercury concentration, the average exhaust gas flow rate, the average supply amount of the mercury adsorbent, the duration of the state at the time of the abnormality, and the like. For example, the mercury concentration at which the desorption of mercury starts is increased when the average mercury concentration is high, when the average exhaust gas flow rate is large, and when the duration time in the abnormal state is long, and is decreased when the average supply amount of the mercury adsorbent is large. Therefore, based on these values, the control unit 40 may appropriately determine an appropriate second threshold value. That is, the second threshold may vary.
In a preferred forced backwash, short-cycle backwash operations are sequentially performed on more than half of the plurality of filter arrays 422. This can more reliably suppress the increase in downstream mercury concentration due to the desorption of mercury from the mercury adsorbent on the filter cloth row 422. More preferably, a short-cycle backwashing action is performed on all of the plurality of filter banks 422. This can further suppress the downstream-side mercury concentration increase.
In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the recovered ash stored in the circulation storage 442 is supplied to the upstream flue 31 by the recovered ash supply portion 443. This reduces the amount of mercury adsorbent consumed and reduces the downstream mercury concentration. Further, the collected ash (collected adsorbent) collected during the short-cycle backwashing operation is supplied to the discharge reservoir 444 by the collected ash distribution unit 441. This can prevent the recovery adsorbent having a large mercury adsorption amount from being supplied to the flue 3.
The upstream mercury concentration meter 45 measures the zero-valent mercury concentration of the exhaust gas as the upstream mercury concentration. This makes it possible to quickly measure the upstream-side mercury concentration and improve the responsiveness of various controls based on the upstream-side mercury concentration.
(second embodiment)
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a flow of the operation of exhaust gas treatment device 4 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 shows an operation flow of the exhaust gas treatment device 4 in an abnormal state in which the downstream-side mercury concentration increases.
As described above, in the downstream-side mercury concentration meter 46, the downstream-side mercury concentration in the downstream-side flue 32 is continuously measured. In addition, similarly to step S11 of fig. 3, the upstream-side mercury concentration in the upstream flue 31 is continuously measured by the upstream-side mercury concentration meter 45 (step S21). If the mercury adsorbent contained in the deposit on the filter cloth row 422 does not properly remove mercury, the downstream-side mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined third threshold value (step S22). Thus, when the control unit 40 determines that the abnormality is present, the determination execution condition for the forced backwashing is satisfied.
After the establishment of the condition for determining the execution of the forced backwash, the control unit 40 confirms whether or not the upstream mercury concentration is less than the fourth threshold value, that is, whether or not the condition for starting the execution of the forced backwash is established. The fourth threshold value is, for example, 3 to 100 μ g/m when the upstream mercury concentration is zero-valent mercury concentration3And N is added. The fourth threshold value is, for example, 30 to 500 [ mu ] g/m when the upstream mercury concentration is the total mercury concentration3And N is added. When the upstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the fourth threshold, the forced backwashing is not started because the condition for starting the execution of the forced backwashing is not established. In other words, the forced backwashing is not performed in a state where the upstream side mercury concentration is high. In this case, too, the downstream-side mercury concentration is prevented from greatly increasing by increasing the supply amount of the mercury adsorbent from the adsorbent supply unit 41 as the downstream-side mercury concentration increases. If the upstream-side mercury concentration is less than the fourth threshold value (step S23), a condition for starting the execution of the forced backwashing is established, and the forced backwashing is started (step S24).
In the forced backwashing, as in the first embodiment, a backwashing operation is sequentially performed for all (or a part) of the plurality of filter rows 422 at a short period shorter than a set period. This suppresses the increase in the downstream-side mercury concentration caused by the mercury desorption from the mercury adsorbent on the filter cloth row 422 with the decrease in the upstream-side mercury concentration. When the upstream mercury concentration is lower than the fourth threshold value when the condition for determining the execution of the forced backwashing is satisfied, the forced backwashing is started immediately.
In the forced backwashing, the recovered ash (fly ash, mercury adsorbent, and the like) removed and recovered from the filter cloth row 422 is supplied only to the discharge reservoir 444 by the recovered ash distributor 441, as in the first embodiment. In the preferred discharge reservoir 444, the collected ash supplied during the forced backwashing is stored separately from the collected ash supplied during the normal backwashing operation. The collected ash supplied in the forced backwashing is subjected to mercury removal treatment, chelating treatment, and the like. When the forced backwashing is completed, the bag filter 42 and the collected ash distribution portion 441 return to the normal operation.
Here, the treatment of the comparative example is set such that the forced backwashing is performed immediately after the downstream mercury concentration becomes equal to or higher than the third threshold value. In the treatment of the comparative example, the amount of the mercury adsorbent deposited on the plurality of filter cloths 422 is temporarily decreased by the forced backwashing. In this case, when the upstream-side mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the fourth threshold value, that is, the upstream-side mercury concentration is in a high state, there is a possibility that: the exhaust gas having a higher mercury concentration passes through the plurality of filter arrangements 422 substantially free of the accumulated mercury sorbent, and the downstream-side mercury concentration further increases.
On the other hand, in the exhaust gas treatment device 4, when the downstream mercury concentration is lower than the fourth threshold value in an abnormal state where the downstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the third threshold value (that is, after the establishment of the condition for performing the forced backwashing), the backwashing operation (forced backwashing) is started with a short period shorter than the set period for sequentially performing the backwashing operation on the plurality of filter cloths 422 in a normal state. This can suppress the downstream-side mercury concentration increase caused by the exhaust gas having a high mercury concentration passing through the filter cloth row 422 on which the mercury adsorbent is not deposited.
Further, the collected ash (collected adsorbent) collected during the short-cycle backwashing operation is supplied to the discharge reservoir 444 by the collected ash distribution unit 441. This can prevent the recovery adsorbent having a large mercury adsorption amount from being supplied to the flue 3.
Various modifications can be made to exhaust gas treatment device 4 and the exhaust gas treatment method.
In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, the operations of steps S13 and S14 may be performed when the upstream-side mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value (step S12 in fig. 3), and the operations of steps S23 and S24 may be performed when the downstream-side mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the third threshold value (step S22 in fig. 6).
In the bag filter 42, the filter cloth group to be backwashed simultaneously does not necessarily have to be a plurality of filter cloths (filter cloth rows) arranged in a row, and may be a collection of a plurality of filter cloths arranged adjacent to each other in the row direction and the column direction, for example. Depending on the design of the bag filter 42, one filter cloth may be used as a unit for performing the backwashing operation, that is, a filter cloth group.
In the exhaust gas treatment device 4 of fig. 1, another bag filter may be disposed between the incinerator 21 and the adsorbent supply portion 41. In this case, the fly ash contained in the exhaust gas is collected by the other bag filter, and the mercury adsorbent supplied to the flue 3 through the adsorbent supply unit 41 is mainly collected by the bag filter 42. The mercury adsorbent removed from the filter cloth row 422 of the bag filter 42 is recovered as a recovery adsorbent in the recovery ash distribution section 441 and distributed to the circulation storage section 442 and the discharge storage section 444. In the exhaust gas treatment device 4, a combination similar to the bag filter 42, the adsorbent supply unit 41, the collected ash distribution unit 441, the circulation storage unit 442, the discharge storage unit 444, and the collected ash supply unit 443 may be added between the bag filter 42 and the stack 22 in the flue 3.
In exhaust gas treatment device 4, circulation storage unit 442 and collected ash supply unit 443 may be omitted, and all of the collected ash may be supplied to discharge storage unit 444.
In the upstream mercury concentration meter 45, the inlet of the upstream mercury concentration meter 45 may be provided at any position as long as the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas can be measured for the plurality of filter arrays 422. Similarly, the downstream mercury concentration meter 46 may be provided at any position (for example, the downstream flue 32 other than the stack 22) as long as the mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on the downstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas can be measured with respect to the plurality of filter arrays 422.
The collected ash supply portion 443 may have a supply port provided at any position (for example, inside the casing 421) as long as it can supply the collected adsorbent (collected ash) stored in the circulation storage portion 442 to the exhaust gas on the upstream side in the exhaust gas flow direction from the plurality of filter arrays 422. The same applies to the adsorbent supply unit 41.
The exhaust gas treatment device 4 may be used for other equipment than the incineration equipment 1.
The configurations in the above embodiments and the modifications may be appropriately combined without contradiction.
The present invention has been described in detail, but the above description is only illustrative and not restrictive. Thus, many modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
3-flue; 4-an exhaust gas treatment device; 40-a control section; 41-adsorbent supply; 42-bag filters; 45-upstream side mercury concentration meter; 46-downstream mercury concentration meter; 422-filter arrangement; 441-recovered ash distribution section; 442-a circulation reservoir; 443-recovered ash supply section; 444-a discharge reservoir; S11-S14, S21-S24.
Claims (7)
1. An exhaust gas treatment device is provided with:
an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue, traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups, and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively;
an upstream mercury concentration meter that measures a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups; and
and a control unit that sequentially executes the backwashing operation at a set cycle for the plurality of filter cloth groups at a normal time, and starts the backwashing operation at a short cycle shorter than the set cycle when the upstream mercury concentration becomes lower than a second threshold value from a value equal to or higher than the second threshold value in an abnormality in which the upstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than the first threshold value.
2. An exhaust gas treatment device is provided with:
an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows;
an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue, traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups, and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively;
an upstream mercury concentration meter that measures a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups;
a downstream-side mercury concentration meter that measures a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on a downstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as a downstream-side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups; and
and a control unit that sequentially executes the backwashing operation at a set cycle for the plurality of filter cloth groups at a normal time, and starts the backwashing operation at a short cycle shorter than the set cycle when the upstream mercury concentration is less than a fourth threshold value in an abnormality in which the downstream mercury concentration is equal to or greater than a third threshold value.
3. The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1 or 2,
the control unit sequentially performs the short-cycle backwashing operation for at least half of the plurality of filter cloth groups.
4. The exhaust gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
further provided with:
a distribution section that recovers the mercury adsorbent removed from the filter cloth group as a recovery adsorbent and distributes the mercury adsorbent to a circulation-use storage section and a discharge-use storage section; and
a recovery adsorbent supply unit configured to supply the recovery adsorbent stored in the circulation storage unit to the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas in the plurality of filter cloth groups,
the collected adsorbent collected in the short-cycle backwashing operation is supplied to the discharge reservoir by the distribution unit.
5. The exhaust gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the upstream-side mercury concentration meter measures a zero-valent mercury concentration of the exhaust gas as the upstream-side mercury concentration.
6. An exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment device,
the exhaust gas treatment device is provided with:
an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; and
an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue and traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively,
the exhaust gas treatment method includes the steps of:
measuring a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups;
when the upstream mercury concentration becomes lower than a second threshold value when the upstream mercury concentration is not lower than the second threshold value in an abnormality in which the upstream mercury concentration is not lower than the first threshold value, the backwashing operation is started with a shorter cycle than a set cycle in which the backwashing operation is sequentially executed on the plurality of filter cloth groups at a normal time.
7. An exhaust gas treatment method in an exhaust gas treatment device,
the exhaust gas treatment device is provided with:
an adsorbent supply unit that supplies a mercury adsorbent to exhaust gas in a flue through which the exhaust gas flows; and
an adsorbent trapping unit that is provided in the flue and traps the mercury adsorbent with a plurality of filter cloth groups and removes the mercury adsorbent from the filter cloth groups by backwashing operations for the plurality of filter cloth groups, respectively,
the exhaust gas treatment method includes the steps of:
measuring a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on a downstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust gas as a downstream-side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups, and measuring a mercury concentration of the exhaust gas on an upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas as an upstream-side mercury concentration for the plurality of filter cloth groups;
in the case where the upstream mercury concentration is lower than a fourth threshold value in the event of an abnormality in which the downstream mercury concentration is equal to or higher than a third threshold value, the backwashing operation is started with a short cycle shorter than a set cycle in which the backwashing operation is sequentially executed on the plurality of filter cloth groups in a normal state.
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| JP2019075313A JP7203674B2 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2019-04-11 | Exhaust gas treatment device and exhaust gas treatment method |
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| PCT/JP2020/015989 WO2020209338A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2020-04-09 | Exhaust gas treatment device and exhaust gas treatment method |
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| WO2020209338A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
| CN113727772B (en) | 2022-11-22 |
| JP2020171888A (en) | 2020-10-22 |
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