CN113726310B - Precise numerical control attenuator applying voltage-controlled attenuator and calibration method - Google Patents
Precise numerical control attenuator applying voltage-controlled attenuator and calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113726310B CN113726310B CN202110914426.8A CN202110914426A CN113726310B CN 113726310 B CN113726310 B CN 113726310B CN 202110914426 A CN202110914426 A CN 202110914426A CN 113726310 B CN113726310 B CN 113726310B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/24—Frequency-independent attenuators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
Abstract
The invention discloses a precise numerical control attenuator applying a voltage-controlled attenuator and a calibration method, wherein the precise numerical control attenuator comprises an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), a DA (digital-to-analog) conversion chip and a control unit, wherein the MCU is used for receiving an instruction of an upper computer and adjusting data output to the DA conversion chip by the MCU; the DA conversion unit is used for converting a direct current signal and is connected with the MCU; the voltage-controlled attenuator is used for attenuating radio frequency signals and is connected with the DA conversion unit; the memory is used for storing the calibration data and is connected with the MCU; the serial port or USB interface is used for realizing data input in the MCU by external equipment and is connected with the MCU; and the working power supply is used for providing electric energy required by realizing attenuation and control. According to the technical scheme, the data output to the DA conversion chip by the MCU is adjusted according to the instruction of the upper computer, the direct current signal converted by the DA chip reaches the control pin of the voltage-controlled attenuator, the accurate control of the attenuation is realized, the complex circuit matching is not needed, the accurate control of the attenuator is directly realized through the MCU after the calibration, the optimization effect is good, and the improvement cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of attenuators, in particular to a precise numerical control attenuator applying a voltage-controlled attenuator and a calibration method.
Background
A voltage-controlled attenuator is a device for controlling microwave signal attenuation by adding voltage to PINs of a PIN tube to adjust the conduction degree of the PIN tube, and is mainly applied to ALC (automatic level control) occasions and matched with negative feedback to realize the function of signal strength control. The attenuator is mainly used for amplitude control of signals, and the N-bit digital controlled attenuator has 2N amplitude control states. The attenuator is used as an important amplitude control circuit in a radio frequency chip and is widely applied to various phased array systems. To meet the performance criteria of a phased array system, attenuators generally need to meet the following basic requirements: firstly, higher attenuation precision and larger attenuation dynamic range are needed, the side lobe level of an antenna gain directional diagram is reduced, and the signal detection sensitivity is improved; secondly, stable phase change is needed to realize accurate tracking of the target, and complexity of a phase calibration circuit is reduced; third, lower insertion loss is required to reduce the signal path gain pressure.
The traditional digital control attenuator is a device for accurately controlling the attenuation amplitude of a radio frequency signal by serial or parallel control, and consists of an attenuator cascade, a switch switching part and a control part, and has the defect that the attenuation step is large, and even the step of the better attenuator is only 0.25 dB.
Chinese patent document CN108964636A discloses a "high-precision numerical control attenuator". The attenuation module comprises three attenuation units connected in series, the attenuation units comprise two electronic switches and a plurality of attenuation branches arranged between the two electronic switches, each attenuation branch comprises a phase shift circuit or a phase shift circuit and an attenuation network, the output end of the digital control module is connected with the input end of the control voltage module, the output end of the control voltage module is connected with the input end of the variable voltage conversion module, and the output end of the variable voltage conversion module is connected with the three attenuation units of the attenuation module respectively. According to the technical scheme, the plurality of attenuation branches are utilized, the structure is complex, and the requirement for improving the precision is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems that the attenuator in the prior technical scheme has low precision and is difficult to meet the regulation and control requirement, and provides a precise numerical control attenuator applying a voltage-controlled attenuator and a calibration method.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
a precision digitally controlled attenuator employing a voltage controlled attenuator, comprising:
the MCU is used for receiving an instruction of the upper computer and adjusting data output to the DA conversion chip by the MCU;
the DA conversion unit is used for converting a direct current signal and is connected with the MCU;
the voltage-controlled attenuator is used for attenuating radio frequency signals and is connected with the DA conversion unit;
the memory is used for storing the calibration data and is connected with the MCU;
the serial port or USB interface is used for realizing data input in the MCU by external equipment and is connected with the MCU;
and the working power supply is used for providing electric energy required by realizing attenuation and control.
The model of microcontroller MCU is STM32, and MCU and voltage controlled attenuator cooperation, mainly used are according to the instruction of host computer, adjust MCU output to DA conversion chip's data, direct current signal that the through DA chip conversion converted arrives voltage controlled attenuator's control pin, realize the accurate control of decay, and simultaneously, MCU is according to the instruction of host computer, saves calibration data, writes into corresponding data to corresponding memory address.
Preferably, the voltage-controlled attenuator specifically includes: the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D1 are connected with the radio frequency input end through the capacitor C1, the cathode of the diode D1 is simultaneously connected with the cathode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the radio frequency output end through the capacitor C2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is simultaneously connected with the cathode of the diode D4.
Preferably, the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the control voltage Vc through the resistor R3 and is grounded through the capacitor C3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the bias operating voltage V + through the resistor R4 and is grounded through the capacitor C4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the bias operating voltage V + through the resistor R5 and is grounded through the capacitor C5, the cathode of the diode D1 is grounded through the resistor R1, and the cathode of the diode D2 is grounded through the resistor R2.
Preferably, the V + is a bias working voltage, about 1.2V, the Vc is a control voltage, the attenuation is adjusted from large to small with the increase of the Vc voltage, the attenuation is adjusted steplessly, and the control voltage Vc is connected with the MCU. V + is the bias operating voltage, which is about 1.2V.
A method for calibrating a precise numerical control attenuator by using a voltage-controlled attenuator comprises the following steps:
s1 is connected with the attenuator to be tested;
s2, starting calibration, and sending a calibration instruction to the attenuator component by the PC;
s3 PC sends out command to the network analyzer to receive data and read out the attenuation value X1;
s4 PC sends out voltage step reduction command to the attenuator component;
s5 PC sends out command to the network analyzer to receive data and read out the attenuation value X2;
s6, judging whether the stepping precision of the attenuation value X2 meets the attenuation value X1+0.1 dB;
s7, if not, jumping to S4, if yes, PC sends command to attenuator component to save data to corresponding address;
s8, judging whether the data of the data address N (1-100) is full;
s9, if full, finish calibration, otherwise go to step S3.
The design assumes 100 calibration points, and the calibration points occupy 100 bytes in the memory, namely the attenuation precision of 0.1dB can be achieved within a 10dB attenuation range, actually 200 calibration points can be designed according to the situation, the attenuation range of 0.1dB can be achieved, the voltage-controlled attenuator can reach a 30dB attenuation range at most, and the maximum attenuation range can be selected according to the requirement.
Preferably, the step S1 is implemented by connecting the PC, the network analyzer and the attenuator module. And the upper computer PC and the network analyzer are used for calibrating the attenuator component, and the MCU in the attenuator is connected with the memory to finish the storage of calibration data.
Preferably, the calibration command of step S2 is to instruct the MCU to output data to the DA conversion unit, and output the data at the maximum voltage, where the attenuation value is the minimum. And outputting the maximum voltage as a starting point, wherein the attenuation value is minimum, and the attenuation value is improved, and the difference value is calculated to judge the attenuation stepping precision, so that the calibration is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the instruction of the upper computer, the data output to the DA conversion chip by the MCU is adjusted, the direct current signal converted by the DA chip reaches the control pin of the voltage-controlled attenuator, the accurate control of attenuation is realized, the complex circuit matching is not needed, the accurate control of the attenuator is directly realized through the MCU after calibration, the optimization effect is good, and the improvement cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the operation of an attenuator of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a calibration circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a calibration flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure, 1MCU, 2DA conversion unit, 3 voltage-controlled attenuator, 4 memory, 5 serial port or USB interface, 6 working power supply.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): the precise numerical control attenuator using the voltage-controlled attenuator of the embodiment includes, as shown in fig. 1, an MCU1, and a DA conversion unit 2, a memory 4, and a serial port or USB interface 5 respectively connected to the MCU 1. The DA conversion unit 2 is used for converting direct current signals, and the DA conversion unit 2 is connected with the MCU 1. The MCU1 is used for receiving instructions of the upper computer and adjusting data output to the DA conversion chip by the MCU. The voltage-controlled attenuator 3 is used for radio frequency signal attenuation, the memory 4 is used for storing calibration data, and the serial port or USB interface 5 is used for an external device to realize data input in the MCU 1. And also includes an operating power supply 6 for providing the power needed to effect attenuation and control. The model of microcontroller MCU is STM32, and MCU and voltage controlled attenuator cooperation, mainly used are according to the instruction of host computer, adjust MCU output to DA conversion chip's data, direct current signal that the through DA chip conversion converted arrives voltage controlled attenuator's control pin, realize the accurate control of decay, and simultaneously, MCU is according to the instruction of host computer, saves calibration data, writes into corresponding data to corresponding memory address.
As shown in fig. 2, the voltage-controlled attenuator 3 specifically includes: the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D1 are connected with the radio frequency input end through the capacitor C1, the cathode of the diode D1 is simultaneously connected with the cathode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the radio frequency output end through the capacitor C2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is simultaneously connected with the cathode of the diode D4. The anode of the diode D1 is connected with the control voltage Vc through the resistor R3 and is grounded through the capacitor C3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected with the bias working voltage V + through the resistor R4 and is grounded through the capacitor C4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected with the bias working voltage V + through the resistor R5 and is grounded through the capacitor C5, the cathode of the diode D1 is grounded through the resistor R1, and the cathode of the diode D2 is grounded through the resistor R2. V + is the bias operating voltage, about 1.2V, Vc is control voltage, and the decay is from big to small, reaches the purpose of stepless adjustment decay, and control voltage Vc links to each other with MCU1, and at Vc end, produces accurate direct current voltage with the singlechip, just can reach the purpose of accurate control decay.
The design assumes 100 calibration points, and the calibration points occupy 100 bytes in the memory, namely the attenuation precision of 0.1dB can be achieved within a 10dB attenuation range, actually 200 calibration points can be designed according to the situation, the attenuation range of 0.1dB can be achieved, the voltage-controlled attenuator can reach a 30dB attenuation range at most, and the maximum attenuation range can be selected according to the requirement.
A calibration method of a precision numerical control attenuator applying a voltage-controlled attenuator is shown in FIG. 4, and comprises the following steps:
s1 is connected with the attenuator to be tested; as shown in fig. 3, the PC, the network analyzer and the attenuator module are connected to each other. And the upper computer PC and the network analyzer are used for calibrating the attenuator component, and the MCU in the attenuator is connected with the memory to finish the storage of calibration data.
S2, starting calibration, and sending a calibration instruction to the attenuator component by the PC; the calibration instruction specifically instructs the MCU1 to output data to the DA conversion unit 2, and the maximum voltage is used for output, and the attenuation value is the minimum. And outputting the maximum voltage as a starting point, wherein the attenuation value is minimum, and the attenuation value is improved, and the difference value is calculated to judge the attenuation stepping precision, so that the calibration is realized.
S3 PC sends out command to the network analyzer to receive data and read out the attenuation value X1;
s4 PC sends out voltage step reduction command to the attenuator component;
s5 PC sends out command to the network analyzer to receive data and read out the attenuation value X2;
s6, judging whether the stepping precision of the attenuation value X2 meets the attenuation value X1+0.1 dB;
s7, if not, jumping to S4, if yes, PC sends command to attenuator component to save data to corresponding address;
s8 judging whether the data at the data address N1-100 is full;
s9, if full, finish calibration, otherwise go to step S3.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Although MCU, voltage controlled attenuator, etc. terms are used more herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for calibrating a precise numerical control attenuator by using a voltage-controlled attenuator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, connecting the measured precision numerical control attenuator, wherein the specific connection mode is that the PC, the network analyzer and the precision numerical control attenuator are connected with each other;
s2, starting calibration, and sending a calibration instruction to the precise numerical control attenuator by the PC;
s3 PC sends out command to the network analyzer to receive data and read out the attenuation value X1;
s4 PC sends out voltage step reduction instruction to the precision numerical control attenuator;
s5 PC sends out command to the network analyzer to receive data and read out the attenuation value X2;
s6, judging whether the stepping precision of the attenuation value X2 meets the attenuation value X1+0.1 dB;
s7, if not, jumping to S4, if yes, the PC sends an instruction to the precise numerical control attenuator to store data to a corresponding address;
s8, judging whether the data of the data address N, N belongs to [1,100] is filled;
s9, finishing calibration if full, otherwise jumping to S3;
the precision numerical control attenuator includes:
the MCU (1) is used for receiving an instruction of the upper computer and adjusting data output to the DA conversion unit (2) by the MCU; the DA conversion unit (2) is used for converting direct current signals and is connected with the MCU (1);
the voltage-controlled attenuator (3) is used for attenuating radio frequency signals and is connected with the DA conversion unit (2);
the memory (4) is used for storing calibration data and is connected with the MCU (1);
the serial port or USB interface (5) is used for realizing the input of data in the MCU (1) by external equipment and is connected with the MCU (1);
and the working power supply (6) is used for providing electric energy required by attenuation and control and is respectively connected with the MCU (1), the DA conversion unit (2), the voltage-controlled attenuator (3) and the memory (4).
2. The method for calibrating a precision numerical control attenuator by using a voltage controlled attenuator according to claim 1, wherein the voltage controlled attenuator (3) specifically comprises: the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D1 are connected with the radio frequency input end through the capacitor C1, the cathode of the diode D1 is simultaneously connected with the cathode of the diode D3, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the radio frequency output end through the capacitor C2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is simultaneously connected with the cathode of the diode D4.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein an anode of the diode D1 is connected to the control voltage Vc through a resistor R3 and is grounded through a capacitor C3, an anode of the diode D3 is connected to the bias operating voltage V + through a resistor R4 and is grounded through a capacitor C4, an anode of the diode D4 is connected to the bias operating voltage V + through a resistor R5 and is grounded through a capacitor C5, a cathode of the diode D1 is grounded through a resistor R1, and a cathode of the diode D2 is grounded through a resistor R2.
4. The method for calibrating a precision numerical control attenuator of a voltage-controlled attenuator according to claim 3, wherein V + is a bias working voltage, Vc is a control voltage, the attenuation is adjusted from large to small with the increase of the Vc voltage, the attenuation is adjusted steplessly, the control voltage Vc is connected with the MCU (1), and the MCU (1) is used for generating a precise direct current voltage at the Vc end, so as to achieve the purpose of precisely controlling the attenuation.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is a calibration command for instructing the MCU (1) to output data to the DA conversion unit (2) for output at the maximum voltage when the attenuation value is minimum.
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| JPH11298292A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Cutoff frequency control method for analog filter and semiconductor integrated circuit device |
| US10121410B2 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2018-11-06 | Apple Inc. | Power efficient adaptive panel pixel charge scheme |
| CN206195738U (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-05-24 | 成都意科科技有限责任公司 | Radio -frequency signal source's controllable attenuator circuit |
| CN207184434U (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-04-03 | 成都世源频控技术股份有限公司 | A kind of Ku wave bands numerical-control attenuator |
| CN206975204U (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-02-06 | 成都玖锦科技有限公司 | A kind of eight passage calibration modules |
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