CN113725917B - Optimized modeling method for providing multi-time scale standby for power grid by using pumping and accumulating power station - Google Patents
Optimized modeling method for providing multi-time scale standby for power grid by using pumping and accumulating power station Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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Abstract
The invention provides an optimization modeling method for providing multi-time scale standby for a power grid by a pumping and accumulating power station, which comprises the following steps: acquiring operation parameters of a pumping and storing station, day-ahead electricity price information of an electric power grid energy market and compensation electricity price information of a power grid standby service; establishing an operation boundary model and a purchase/sale electricity income function of the pumping and accumulating power station in an electric energy market; establishing an operation boundary model for providing single standby for the electricity pumping and storage station; establishing a coupling constraint model for providing multi-time scale standby by the electricity pumping and storage station; according to the three models, purchase/selling electricity profits and reserve profits of the pumping and accumulating power station are considered at the same time, an optimization model of the pumping and accumulating power station participating in an electric energy market and providing multi-time scale reserve service is established.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of operation of power systems, in particular to the problem that a power extraction and storage station in a power system participates in standby auxiliary service of a power grid.
Background
Under the development background of carbon peak, carbon neutralization, the operation characteristics of the power supply structure and the power grid in China are deeply changed. The proportion of new energy power generation on the power supply side is higher and higher, the power balance difficulty of power grid operation is increased by the trend, and the standby auxiliary service requirements on different time scales are improved.
The development of new power system construction and new energy power generation in China increases the standby requirements of the system on each time scale. On the power grid level, the power grid in China forms an extra-high voltage alternating current/direct current interconnection structure, a direct current blocking fault causes a serious power imbalance problem, and a great challenge is provided for the quick standby requirement of the second level to the minute level of each region. The intermittent and fluctuating nature of the large-scale access of new energy increases the standby requirements of the power grid in the minute, hour and hours stages. Early grid redundancy was mainly provided by various types of power plants. However, as the need for grid redundancy increases, it has become difficult for a single power source side redundancy to meet future grid operating demands. Therefore, the standby potential of the energy storage and the demand side is increasingly emphasized.
The pumping and storing station is used as one of more mature energy storage modes, and more researches are carried out at home and abroad on the problem of providing auxiliary service for the pumping and storing station, but the research is mainly carried out on the problem of providing rotary standby for the pumping and storing station. However, future high-proportion new energy power systems have larger demands for primary, secondary, tertiary and other standby resources. The extraction and storage station will provide backup support for the grid on different time scales, however, it has a high degree of coupling relation to the decision-making problem of the electric energy market and the auxiliary service market.
In order to solve the problem of optimization decision making of the pumping and storing station participating in multiple markets, the patent establishes an optimization operation model of the pumping and storing station participating in the electric energy market and providing multi-time scale standby.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims at: the method comprises the steps of establishing an optimized operation model of the pumping and storing station participating in an electric energy market and providing multi-time scale standby, providing an optimized decision method of energy storage under uncertain electricity price and different standby compensation prices, obtaining an optimized scheduling result of the pumping and storing station, realizing the maximization of total income of the pumping and storing station, enriching standby resources of a power grid and improving the operation safety of the power grid.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optimized modeling method for providing multi-time scale standby for a power grid by an extraction and storage power station comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring operation parameters of a pumping and storing station, day-ahead power price information of a power grid electric energy market and compensation power price information of a power grid standby service;
s2, establishing an operation boundary model and a purchase/sale electricity income function of the pumping and accumulating power station in an electric energy market;
s3, establishing an operation boundary model for providing single standby for the pumping and storing station;
s4, establishing a coupling constraint model for providing multi-time scale standby by the pumping and storing station;
and S5, according to the operation boundary model, an operation boundary model for providing single standby by the electricity pumping and storing station and a coupling constraint model for providing multi-time scale standby by the electricity pumping and storing station, simultaneously taking purchase/selling electricity profits and standby profits of the electricity pumping and storing station into consideration, and establishing an optimization model for participating in an electric energy market by the electricity pumping and storing station and providing multi-time scale standby service.
Further, the operating boundary model constraint condition of the pumping and accumulating power station in the electric energy market comprises: the method comprises the steps of generating power constraint of a pumping and storing power station, pumping power constraint of the pumping and storing power station, mutual exclusion constraint of pumping and discharging states of the pumping and storing power station, reservoir capacity constraint of the pumping and storing power station, association constraint of reservoir capacity state and pumping and discharging power of the pumping and storing power station and periodic constraint of pumping and storing reservoir capacity.
Further, the electricity purchasing/selling income function of the electricity pumping and accumulating station in the electric energy market is as follows:
wherein n is s The number of scenes is the number; lambda (lambda) s,t Is the electricity price at time t in scene s, pi s For the weight of each scene, the value is the reciprocal of the scene number, p dch,t For pumping and accumulating the power, p ch,t For pumping power of the pumping and accumulating power station, each scene has a group of pumping power, discharging power and reservoir capacity state variables { p } ch,t,s ，p dch,t,s ，e t ，t＝1,2,…,N}。
Further, the coupling constraint model constraint for providing multi-time scale redundancy by the pumping power storage station is as follows:
wherein j=1, 2,3,4, r j,up 、r j,dn Indicating the upward and downward reserve capacity declared by the pumping station, E max The maximum storage capacity of the pumping and storing power station; τ j The time required for each type of backup is provided.
Further, the objective function of the optimization model of the pumping and storing station participating in the electric energy market and providing the multi-time scale standby service is as follows:
further, according to an objective function of an optimization model of the pumping and storing station participating in the electric energy market and providing multi-time scale standby service, an optimization scheduling result of the pumping and storing station is obtained, wherein the optimization scheduling result of the pumping and storing station comprises: next, the pumping power, the generating power, and the reserve capacity provided for each time scale for each time period of the day.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides an optimization modeling method for providing multi-time scale reserve for a power grid by a pumping and accumulating station, establishes an optimization operation model for participating in an electric energy market and providing multi-time scale reserve by the pumping and accumulating station, and provides an optimization decision method for energy storage under uncertain electricity price and different reserve compensation prices, so that an optimization scheduling result of the pumping and accumulating station is obtained, the total income of the pumping and accumulating station is maximized, the reserve resources of the power grid are enriched, and the operation safety of the power grid is improved.
2. For the pumping and accumulating power station, the invention can fully utilize the regulating capacity and maximize the income; for the power grid, the backup increase can improve the reliability and safety of the operation of the power grid; for the power generation side, the utilization of the standby regulation capacity of the pumping and accumulating power station can promote the consumption of renewable energy sources for power generation, so that the carbon emission of an electric power system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optimized modeling method for providing multi-time scale standby for a power grid by an extraction and storage power station comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring operation parameters of a pumping and storing station, day-ahead power price information of a power grid electric energy market and compensation power price information of a power grid standby service;
s2, establishing an operation boundary model and a purchase/sale electricity income function of the pumping and accumulating power station in an electric energy market, wherein:
the running boundary model constraints include:
a. and (3) restraining the power generation power of the pumping and accumulating power station:
0≤p dch,t ≤b dch,t P dch,max (1)
wherein p is dch,t Is the power of the pumping and accumulating; p (P) dch,max The maximum power is pumped and stored; b dch,t 0-1 variable representing the pumping discharge state;
b. pumping power constraint of pumping power station:
0≤p ch,t ≤b ch,t P ch,max (2)
wherein p is ch,t Pumping power for the pumping power station; p (P) ch,max The maximum pumping power of pumping and accumulating is set; b ch,t A 0-1 variable representing a pumping state of the pumping power storage station;
c. mutual exclusion constraint of pumping and discharging states of pumping and storing power station:
b ch,t +b dch,t ≤1 (3)
d. reservoir capacity constraint of the pumping and accumulating power station:
0≤e t ≤E max (4)
in the formula e t The current storage capacity state of the reservoir; e (E) max The maximum storage capacity of the pumping and storing power station;
e. and (3) association constraint of pumping power storage station storage capacity state and pumping and discharging power:
e t ＝e t-1 +p ch,t η ch T-p dch,t /η dch T (5)
wherein eta is ch The water pumping efficiency is improved; η (eta) dch For power generation efficiency, T is a single step schedule or market step.
f. The periodic constraint of pumping storage capacity, namely, the storage capacity state at the end of each day is required to be equal to the capacity at the beginning moment, namely:
e 1 ＝e N (6)
the electricity pumping and storing station has the following purchase/selling income functions in the electric energy market:
taking uncertainty of current price of electricity in the electric energy market into consideration, establishing a multi-scene expected profit model of the profit of the pumping and accumulating power station, wherein n is as follows s The number of scenes is the number; lambda (lambda) s,t Is the electricity price at time t in scene s, pi s The weight of each scene is taken as the reciprocal of the scene number. Each scene has a group of pumping power, discharging power and reservoir capacity state variables { p } ch,t,s ，p dch,t,s ，e t T=1, 2, …, N }, and the constraint (1 to 6) must be satisfied.
S3, establishing an operation boundary model for providing single standby for the pumping and storing station; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the sum of the generated power and the declared upward standby capacity of each scene is smaller than the maximum generated power, namely:
0≤p dch,t,s +r j,up ≤P dch,max (8)
the sum of the pumping power and the declared reserve capacity is less than the maximum pumping power, i.e.:
0≤p ch,t,s +r j,dn ≤P ch,max (9)
spare capacity constraint:
0≤r j,up ≤R j,upmax (10)
0≤r j,dn ≤R j,dnmax (11)
wherein r is j,up 、r j,dn Indicating the up and down reserve capacity declared by the pumping station. In each scene, the pumping and storing station still needs toMeets mutual exclusion constraint of pumping and discharging states, namely:
b ch,t,s +b dch,t,s ≤1 (12)
considering that after standby is provided, the upper limit and the lower limit of the storage capacity state of the pumping power storage station should be updated as follows:
r j,up τ j ≤e t,s ≤E max -r j,dn τ j (13)
wherein j=1, 2,3,4, τ j The time required for each type of backup is provided. The association constraint of the pumping power storage station storage capacity state and pumping power and the periodic constraint of the storage capacity under each scene can be expressed as follows:
e t,s ＝e t-1,s +p ch,t,s η ch -p dch,t,s /η dch (14)
e 1,s ＝e N,s (15)
s4, establishing a coupling constraint model for providing multi-time scale standby by the pumping and storage station, wherein the coupling constraint model is as follows:
s5, according to the operation boundary model, an operation boundary model for providing single standby by the electricity pumping and storing station and a coupling constraint model for providing multi-time scale standby by the electricity pumping and storing station, simultaneously taking purchase/selling electricity profits and standby profits of the electricity pumping and storing station into consideration, establishing an optimization model which participates in an electric energy market and provides multi-time scale standby service, wherein the objective function is as follows:
wherein ρ is j,up To declare an upward reserve price ρ j,dn For declared reserve valueAnd (5) a grid.
The constraint conditions include: formulas (8-12) and (14-16).
Finally, obtaining an optimal scheduling result of the pumping and accumulating power station according to the objective function, and realizing the maximization of total income, wherein the optimal scheduling result of the pumping and accumulating power station comprises: next, the pumping power, the generating power, and the reserve capacity provided for each time scale for each time period of the day.
In order to prove the reliability of the technical scheme of the invention, the invention adopts the following case analysis: 1) Participating in operation results in electric energy market
The parameters of the pumping and accumulating power station are as follows: the maximum discharge power and the maximum pumping power are 20MW, the stock capacity is 100MWh, and the efficiency of the pumping energy storage power station is 75%. The multi-scenario energy electricity prices used in this study are shown in table 1, where night electricity prices are relatively low and midday and evening electricity prices are relatively high.
Table 120 electricity price meter under scene
When the pumping and storing is not considered for providing the standby, pumping and generating conditions under different electricity price scenes are shown in table 2, wherein positive values represent generating power, and negative values represent pumping power. The pumping and accumulating power station mainly pumps water at night, and generates power in the period of high load electricity prices at noon and evening, so that the electricity price difference is utilized to obtain benefits, and the total profit expectancy in one day is 8357 yuan. The maximum pumping and discharging power in one day are 20WM, and the maximum and minimum state limits of the water storage capacity are 100 and 0MWh respectively, which indicates that the capacity of the pumping and storing station is fully utilized.
Table 2 pumping and generating conditions under different electricity price scenarios
2) Providing operational decisions while on standby
When only the pumping and storing station is considered to provide a standby, for example, only a primary frequency modulation standby is provided, the duration is not less than one minute (standby type 1), the upper limit of the capacity of the equipment is 3MW, and the conditions of the standby capacity, the income and the like declared by the pumping and storing station are shown in table 3 under different standby compensation prices. When the reserve compensation price is lower, the used capacity is still used for participating in the electric energy market, when the reserve compensation price is higher than 0.012 yuan/h, the capacity is used for providing reserve as much as possible by the electricity extraction and storage station, so that more benefits are obtained, and at the price, the total benefits of the electricity extraction and storage station can reach 8835 yuan, which is higher than the total expected benefits in the electric energy market, namely 8357 yuan. The total expected revenue after supply of spares is increased by 5.72% compared to the case of participating in the electric energy market only.
TABLE 3 operational decision results of the pumping and storage station at different offset prices for Standby type 1
When the drawing is considered to provide minute-level standby, the duration is 10 minutes (standby type 2), the upper limit of the standby capacity is 10MW, and the conditions of the standby capacity and the income declared by the drawing power storage station are shown in the table 4 under different standby compensation prices. After the reserve compensation price is greater than 0.0064 yuan/hour, the pumping station begins to obtain more revenue by providing reserve. When the reserve compensation price is 0.0128 yuan/h, the upward and downward reserve capacity declared by the pumping and storing station is 10MW, namely the maximum declared reserve capacity is reached, at the moment, the maximum available capacity in the electric energy market is 10MW, and at the moment, the operation state of the pumping and storing station in each scene of the electric energy market is shown in table 5. And at the standby compensation price, the total expected income of the pumping and accumulating power station can reach 10324 yuan, and compared with the situation of only participating in the electric energy market, the total expected income after standby is increased by 23.54 percent.
TABLE 4 decision results for pumping and accumulating operations at different offset prices for Standby type 2
Meter 5 operating states of pumping and storing power station in various scenes of electric energy market
When 10 minutes of reserve is considered, the duration is 2 hours (reserve type 3), the upper limit of reserve capacity is 20MW, and the conditions of reserve capacity and income declared by the pumping and storing station are shown in Table 6 under different reserve compensation prices. When the reserve compensation price is lower than 0.0048 yuan/h, the pumping power station does not provide the reserve auxiliary service. When the reserve compensation price is higher than 0.096 yuan/h, the whole capacity of the electricity pumping and storing station is used for providing reserve, namely 20MW, more benefits can be obtained, the total benefit is 9216 yuan, and the total benefit for providing the reserve is increased by 10.28% compared with the condition of only participating in the electric energy market.
TABLE 6 decision results for pumping and accumulating operations at different offset prices for Standby type 3
When considering that the pumping and accumulating power station can simultaneously report four standby auxiliary services, the optimal market strategy is shown in the last column of the table 7, and the four standby compensation prices are respectively 0.01, 0.008, 0.006 and 0.005 yuan/h, and the optimal reporting strategy of pumping and accumulating is as follows: primary frequency modulation spare capacity at second level was 3MW,1 minute spare capacity was 10MW, and 30 minutes spare capacity was 10MW. At this time, the total profit of the pumping and accumulating is 12340 yuan. At the same price, the benefits of the pumped storage station providing a single backup are 8632, 8510, 8359, 8357 yuan, respectively. It can be seen that when the power storage station is pumped while providing a reserve of a non-use time scale, both its storage capacity and power capacity will be fully utilized and the overall gain will be significantly increased.
Table 7 provides operational decisions and gain comparisons for different standby applications
Claims (5)
1. An optimized modeling method for providing multi-time scale standby for a power grid by an extraction and storage power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring operation parameters of a pumping and storing station, day-ahead power price information of a power grid electric energy market and compensation power price information of a power grid standby service;
s2, establishing an operation boundary model and a purchase/sale electricity income function of the pumping and accumulating power station in an electric energy market;
s3, establishing an operation boundary model for providing single standby for the pumping and storing station; the method comprises the following steps:
the sum of the generated power and the declared upward standby capacity of each scene is smaller than the maximum generated power, namely:
0≤p dch，t，s +r j，up ≤P dch，max
wherein p is dch，t Generating power for the pumping and accumulating power station; p (P) dch，max Maximum power generated by the pumping and accumulating power station; r is (r) j，up Representing the upward reserve capacity declared by the pumping station;
the sum of the pumping power and the declared reserve capacity is less than the maximum pumping power, i.e.:
0≤p ch，t，s +r j，dn ≤P ch，max
wherein p is ch，t Pumping power for the pumping power station; p (P) ch，max Maximum pumping power for the pumping and accumulating power station; r is (r) j，dn Representing the downward reserve capacity declared by the pumping station;
spare capacity constraint:
0≤r j，up ≤R j，upmax
0≤r j，dn ≤R j，dnmax
R j，upmax indicating maximum upward reserve capacity declared by the pumping station, R j，dnmax Representing a maximum downward reserve capacity declared by the pumping station;
under each scene, the pumping and storing station still needs to meet mutual exclusion constraint of pumping and discharging states, namely:
b ch，t，s +b dch，t，s ≤1
wherein b ch，t A 0-1 variable representing a pumping state of the pumping power storage station; b dch，t A 0-1 variable representing the pumping discharge state,
considering that after standby is provided, the upper limit and the lower limit of the storage capacity state of the pumping power storage station should be updated as follows:
r j，up τ j ≤e t，s ≤E max -r j，dn τ j
in the formula e t The current storage capacity state of the reservoir; e (E) max The maximum storage capacity of the pumping and storing power station; j=1, 2,3,4, τ j Providing time for duration required by various standby;
the association constraint of the pumping power storage station storage capacity state and pumping power and the periodic constraint of the storage capacity under each scene can be expressed as follows:
e t，s ＝e t-1，s +p ch，t，s η ch -p dch，t，s /η dch
e 1，s ＝e N，s
wherein eta ch For pumping efficiency, eta dch The power generation efficiency is achieved;
s4, establishing a coupling constraint model for providing multi-time scale standby by the pumping and storing station; the coupling constraint model constraint for providing multi-time scale standby by the pumping and storage station is as follows:
and S5, according to the operation boundary model, an operation boundary model for providing single standby by the electricity pumping and storing station and a coupling constraint model for providing multi-time scale standby by the electricity pumping and storing station, simultaneously taking purchase/selling electricity profits and standby profits of the electricity pumping and storing station into consideration, and establishing an optimization model for participating in an electric energy market by the electricity pumping and storing station and providing multi-time scale standby service.
2. An optimization modeling method for providing multi-time scale redundancy to a power grid in an extraction and storage plant according to claim 1, wherein the operational boundary model constraints of the extraction and storage plant in the electric energy market include: the method comprises the steps of generating power constraint of a pumping and storing power station, pumping power constraint of the pumping and storing power station, mutual exclusion constraint of pumping and discharging states of the pumping and storing power station, reservoir capacity constraint of the pumping and storing power station, association constraint of reservoir capacity state and pumping and discharging power of the pumping and storing power station and periodic constraint of pumping and storing reservoir capacity.
3. An optimized modeling method for providing multi-time scale redundancy to a power grid in an extraction and storage plant according to claim 2, wherein the extraction and storage plant purchase/sell electricity gain function in the electric energy market is:
wherein n is s The number of scenes is the number; lambda (lambda) s，t Is the electricity price at time t in scene s, pi s For the weight of each scene, the value is the reciprocal of the scene number, p dch，t For pumping and accumulating the power, p ch，t For pumping power of the pumping and accumulating power station, each scene has a group of pumping power, discharging power and reservoir capacity state variables { p } ch，t，s ， pdch，t，s ，e t ，t＝1，2，...，N}。
4. An optimization modeling method for providing multi-time scale redundancy to a power grid by a pumping and accumulating station according to claim 3, wherein the objective function of the optimization model of the pumping and accumulating station participating in the electric energy market and providing multi-time scale redundancy service is:
5. the method for optimizing and modeling a pumping and accumulating power station for providing multi-time scale reserve for a power grid according to claim 1, wherein an optimized dispatching result of the pumping and accumulating power station is obtained according to an objective function of an optimized model of the pumping and accumulating power station participating in an electric energy market and providing multi-time scale reserve service, and the optimized dispatching result of the pumping and accumulating power station comprises: next, the pumping power, the generating power, and the reserve capacity provided for each time scale for each time period of the day.
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