CN113723937B - A double-layer scheduling method for testing and development projects based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm - Google Patents

A double-layer scheduling method for testing and development projects based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm Download PDF

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CN113723937B
CN113723937B CN202111288515.2A CN202111288515A CN113723937B CN 113723937 B CN113723937 B CN 113723937B CN 202111288515 A CN202111288515 A CN 202111288515A CN 113723937 B CN113723937 B CN 113723937B
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柳林燕
郑思媛
汪惠芬
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,属于项目管理技术领域,包括根据启发式规则生成初始主线排期计划;将主线活动右移得到最终主线排期计划;根据倒序规则决定副线优先级并依次左移确定提前进场活动,得到上层排期计划;由上层排期计划生成初始种群;迭代选择、交叉、变异操作得到种群并计算工期,保留最优解。本发明限制交叉和变异的范围,缩小解的空间,准确定位最优解;考虑副线活动允许提前作业的特性,合理安排需要提前进场的副线活动使得项目总工期缩短,弥补了以测发为代表的流程逻辑不确定性的项目排期问题的研究空缺。

Figure 202111288515

The invention relates to a double-layer scheduling method for measuring and developing projects based on a heuristic rule genetic algorithm, belonging to the technical field of project management, comprising generating an initial main line scheduling plan according to heuristic rules; ; Determine the priority of the sub-line according to the reverse order rule, and then move to the left to determine the early entry activities, and get the upper-level scheduling plan; Generate the initial population from the upper-level scheduling plan; Iterative selection, crossover, and mutation operations obtain the population and calculate the construction period to retain the optimal untie. The invention limits the scope of crossover and variation, narrows the solution space, and accurately locates the optimal solution; considering the characteristics of the auxiliary line activities that allow early operation, the reasonable arrangement of the auxiliary line activities that need to enter the site in advance shortens the total construction period of the project, making up for the need to measure The research vacancy of project scheduling problem represented by process logic uncertainty.

Figure 202111288515

Description

Test and issue project double-layer scheduling method based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test and issue project double-layer scheduling method based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm, belonging to the technical field of project management.
Background
The issue-measuring Project Scheduling Problem is a subset of the basic Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling (RCPSP) Problem; but different from the classical RCPSP, in the process of testing and sending, different activities have different levels of priority, the activity related to the product main body testing and sending is called a main line activity, the priority is higher, the other activities are called secondary line activities, and the priority is lower.
In the whole project implementation process, managers mainly ensure that the main line activities are completed in time, so in order to meet the requirement, the auxiliary line activities need to be operated in advance, and the solution of the problem has important significance for making up the vacancy of the RCPSP in the research field. The RCPSP belongs to NP-hard problem, the solving method mainly comprises an accurate algorithm and a heuristic algorithm, wherein the heuristic algorithm can be divided into a heuristic algorithm and a hyper-heuristic algorithm based on priority rules.
In order to solve various RCPSPs, the existing research is used for solving problem subsets such as multi-skill staff and dynamic project requirements, but the existing research mainly focuses on projects determined by logic sequences among activities, and few projects represented by survey and development and having the characteristics of distinguishing main lines and secondary lines, and activity detachability are researched at present.
Therefore, a scheduling method for the issue of test issue items is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a test and issue project double-layer scheduling method based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a test and issue project double-layer scheduling method based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm comprises the following steps:
step 1: generating an initial main line scheduling plan based on heuristic rules, wherein the heuristic rules are higher in the priority of activities with more subsequent activities;
step 2: moving the position of each activity in the schedule of the construction period to the right from the last actual activity of the main line scheduling plan, wherein the condition that the activity stops moving to the right is that the activity does not meet resource and logic constraint conditions any more after moving to the right, the resource and logic constraint conditions are that the resources are sufficient, the completion time of the current activity is earlier than the start time of the activity immediately after the current activity, and the activities which can not move all the time in the process form a key chain to obtain the final main line scheduling plan;
and step 3: based on the final main line scheduling plan, each secondary line is moved to the left, each activity is compared with the main line activity from the last activity of the current secondary line, an advance entry activity is determined, and an upper-layer scheduling plan is generated;
and 4, step 4: generating an initial population based on an upper-layer scheduling plan, wherein the initial population is a scheduling plan and consists of genes, and the genes are activity numbers;
and 5: carrying out selection operation, cross operation and variation operation on the initial population to obtain a new generation population, and calculating the construction period of the new generation population;
step 6: and (5) repeating the step 5 to carry out iterative operation and storing the optimal solution as the solution of the scheduling problem of the test and development project, wherein the optimal solution is the scheduling result with the shortest construction period.
Further, the specific process of step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1: initializing the activity state of each activity, wherein the activity state comprises that Finished, executing the implementation, Waiting for Waiting and unable to execute Inadequest;
step 1.2: initializing a mainline active state: the virtual starting activity is executing state implementation, the activity immediately after the virtual starting activity is Waiting state Waiting, and the rest activities are non-executing state Inadequate;
step 1.3: start the first iteration
Step 1.3.1: the virtual start activity enters a Finished state Finished;
step 1.3.2: selecting activities meeting resource constraint and logic constraint conditions from activities Waiting for;
step 1.3.3: the immediately following activity entering the activity in the executing state implementation in the step 1.3.2 enters a Waiting state Waiting;
step 1.4: and repeating the iteration process until the virtual ending activity state is Finished, and obtaining an initial main line scheduling plan.
Further, the specific process of step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1: starting from the last actual activity, checking whether the current activity can move to the right or not, and simultaneously checking whether resource and logic constraint conditions are met after the current activity moves to the right or not; if the right shift can be simultaneously met, and the resource and logic constraint conditions are met after the right shift, the activity is shifted to the right, and the activity starting time is updated;
step 2.2: repeating the steps for the activity immediately before the current activity;
step 2.3: repeating the step 2.2 until all the activities can not move to the right, and forming a main line key chain by the activities which can not move to obtain a final main line scheduling plan;
and in the moving process of the activity, the serial-parallel relation between the activity and the activities before and after the activity is kept unchanged.
Further, the specific process of step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1: according to a reverse order rule, the higher the priority of the secondary line which is more backward converged with the main line, the priority of each independent secondary line link is sequenced;
step 3.2: selecting a secondary line with the highest priority, moving the secondary line to the left from the merging activity of the secondary line on the primary line on the basis of the final primary line scheduling plan, wherein the merging activity is the activity immediately after the last activity of the secondary line, and judging whether each activity meets the resource logic constraint condition or not one by one from the last activity of the secondary line, and if so, updating the scheduling plan;
step 3.3: comparing the activity of the secondary line with the activity of the main line, and arranging the activity of the secondary line exceeding the first activity of the main line in the secondary line after the left shift as an advance entry activity;
step 3.4: repeating the steps to the subline with the lowest priority to obtain the current scheduling plan;
step 3.5: and updating the current scheduling plan into an upper-layer scheduling plan.
Further, in the generating of the initial population in step 4, in the population initialization process, the arrangement sequence of the active gene parts belonging to the upper-level schedule is kept unchanged.
Further, the selection operation of the step 5 is performed in a roulette manner, the crossover operation is performed in a multiple single-point crossover method, the variation operation is performed in a non-uniform variation manner, and the variation probability is gradually reduced along with iteration.
Further, the population size is 200, the maximum number of iterations is 100, and the initial variation probability is 0.4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the characteristic that the number of main line activities is small, a heuristic rule with higher priority of main line activities with a large number of subsequent activities is adopted to obtain a main line scheduling plan, and the main line activities are moved to the right in the scheduling period according to the resource and logic relation; performing double-layer scheduling by adopting a genetic algorithm based on heuristic rules, constraining an initial population by an upper-layer scheduling plan, limiting the range of intersection and variation, reducing the space of a solution, and accurately positioning an optimal solution; the characteristic that the subline activities allow operation in advance is considered, the subline activities needing to enter the field in advance are reasonably arranged, so that the total project period is shortened, and the study vacancy of the project scheduling problem with uncertain flow logic represented by measurement and issue is made up.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention,
figure 2 is a project activity scheduling diagram of an embodiment of the present invention,
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of population initialization of the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-mutation diagram.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification.
As shown in fig. 2, START is a virtual initial activity, END is a virtual END activity, a preamble activity is a series of activities arranged before a current activity, a subsequent activity is a series of activities arranged after the current activity, an immediately preceding activity is a first activity in the preamble of the current activity, an immediately subsequent activity is a first activity in the subsequent of the current activity, a convergence activity is an immediately subsequent activity of a last activity of a subline, and an actual activity is an actually executed activity.
As shown in fig. 1, the test and issue project double-layer scheduling method based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: generating a scheduling plan based on heuristic rules of subsequent activity quantity
Step 1.1: is provided with
Figure 198014DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Representing activity of a dominant lineThe number of active sequences in (1) is,
Figure 535455DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
for the total number of main line activities, as shown in fig. 2, for the main line activities in the graph, the activity status includes Finished, executing the implementation, Waiting for Waiting and unable to execute Inadequate;
step 1.2: initializing a mainline active state: the virtual starting activity is executing state implementation, the activity immediately after the virtual starting activity is Waiting state Waiting, and the rest activities are non-executing state Inadequate;
step 1.3: start the first iteration
Step 1.3.1: the virtual start activity enters a Finished state Finished;
step 1.3.2: selecting activities meeting resource constraint and logic constraint conditions from activities Waiting for;
step 1.3.3: entering a Waiting state Waiting for the immediately following activity entering the activity in the executing state implementation in the step 1.3.2, if the activity enters the Waiting state Waiting
Figure 710084DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Repeating the step 1.3.3, otherwise, turning to the step 1.4;
step 1.4: and if the virtual ending activity state is Finished, taking the current main line scheduling plan as an initial main line scheduling plan.
Step 2: from the last actual activity of the main line scheduling plan, the positions of all the activities in the scheduling of the construction period are shifted to the right, and the activities which can not be moved all the time in the process form a key chain to obtain a final main line scheduling plan;
step 2.1: starting from the last actual activity
Figure 419152DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Checking whether the current activity can move to the right or not, and simultaneously checking whether the resource and logic constraint conditions are met after the movement to the right; if the same asIf the right shift is satisfied and the resource and logic constraint conditions are satisfied after the right shift, the activity is shifted to the right, and the activity starting time is updated; the resource and logic constraint condition is that the resource is enough and the completion time of the current activity is earlier than the starting time of the activity immediately after the current activity;
step 2.2: repeating the steps for the activity immediately before the current activity;
step 2.3: repeating the step 2.2 until all the activities can not move to the right, and forming a main line key chain by the activities which can not move to obtain a final main line scheduling plan;
the condition that the activity stops moving to the right is that the activity has no space for moving to the right or the activity no longer meets the resource and logic constraint condition after moving to the right, and the serial-parallel relationship between the activity and the activities before and after the activity is kept unchanged in the process of moving the activity.
And step 3: based on the final main line scheduling plan, each secondary line is moved to the left, each activity is compared with the main line activity from the last activity of the current secondary line, an advance entrance activity is determined, and an upper-layer scheduling plan is generated, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. is provided with
Figure 164385DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Is the serial number of the secondary line,
Figure 571096DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is the total number of the sub-lines,
Figure 600232DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the serial number of the secondary line activity,
Figure 143515DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the total number of the activities of the secondary line,
Figure 625312DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
a first mainline activity start time;
b. obtaining a set of subline priorities
Figure 38976DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Each minor lineThe set of activities is
Figure 657039DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
c. Selecting the secondary line with the highest priority
Figure 412637DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Last activity of
Figure 912888DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
If left-shifting beyond the activity of the first main line, i.e. movement
Figure 113931DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
When the event is scheduled as an early approach event;
d. if it is
Figure 258605DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Repeating the step c, otherwise, turning to the step e;
e. if it is
Figure 168792DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Repeating the steps c and d, otherwise, completing the updating;
and 4, step 4: generating an initial population based on an upper-layer scheduling plan;
and 5: selecting the initial population in a roulette mode, performing single-point cross operation and non-uniform variation operation to obtain a new generation population, and calculating the construction period of the new generation population;
step 6: and (5) repeating the step 5 to carry out iterative operation and storing the optimal solution as the solution of the scheduling problem of the test and development project, wherein the optimal solution is the scheduling result with the shortest construction period.
Table 1 shows the main line flow time obtained by scheduling using the heuristic rule algorithm of the present invention and the conventional genetic algorithm:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
TABLE 1
Table 2 shows the total flow time of the project using the heuristic rule genetic algorithm of the present invention and the heuristic rule algorithm of the present invention:
Figure 18324DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
TABLE 2
The numbers in tables 1 and 2 are the numbers of the multiple solving operations, and the average value is finally obtained, so that the method ensures that the main line has the shortest construction period and is not influenced by the activity of the auxiliary line, and the activity of the auxiliary line needing to enter the field in advance is reasonably arranged to ensure that the total construction period of the project is the shortest.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1.一种基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:1. a double-layer scheduling method for measuring and developing items based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: 步骤1:基于启发式规则生成初始主线排期计划,所述启发式规则为后序活动数量多的活动优先级更高;Step 1: Generate an initial mainline scheduling plan based on heuristic rules, and the heuristic rules are that activities with a larger number of subsequent activities have higher priority; 步骤2:从主线排期计划的最后一个实际活动开始,将各个活动在工期安排中的位置右移,活动停止右移的条件为活动右移后不再满足资源和逻辑约束条件,所述资源和逻辑约束条件为资源足够且当前活动的完成时间早于其紧后活动的开始时间,将此过程中始终无法移动的活动组成关键链,得到最终主线排期计划;Step 2: Starting from the last actual activity of the main line scheduling plan, move the position of each activity to the right in the schedule. The condition for the activity to stop moving to the right is that the resource and logical constraints are no longer satisfied after the activity is moved to the right. And the logical constraint is that the resources are sufficient and the completion time of the current activity is earlier than the start time of its successor activities, and the activities that cannot be moved in the process are formed into a key chain to obtain the final mainline scheduling plan; 步骤3:基于最终主线排期计划,将每一条副线左移,从当前副线的最后一个活动开始将各个活动与主线活动比对,确定提前进场活动,并生成上层排期计划;Step 3: Based on the final main line scheduling plan, move each sub-line to the left, compare each activity with the main line activity from the last activity of the current sub-line, determine the early entry activities, and generate the upper-level scheduling plan; 步骤4:基于上层排期计划生成初始种群,所述初始种群为一种排期计划,所述初始种群由基因组成,所述基因为活动编号;Step 4: generating an initial population based on the upper-level scheduling plan, the initial population is a scheduling plan, the initial population is composed of genes, and the genes are activity numbers; 步骤5:对初始种群进行选择操作、交叉操作和变异操作得到新一代种群,并计算新一代种群的工期;Step 5: Perform selection operation, crossover operation and mutation operation on the initial population to obtain a new generation of population, and calculate the construction period of the new generation of population; 步骤6:重复步骤5进行迭代运算并将最优解保存作为测发项目排期问题的解,所述最优解为所用工期最短的排期计划;Step 6: Repeat step 5 to perform iterative operation and save the optimal solution as the solution to the scheduling problem of the measurement and development project, where the optimal solution is the scheduling plan with the shortest construction period; 所述后序活动为排在当前活动后面的一系列活动,紧前活动为当前活动前序第一个活动,所述紧后活动为当前活动后序第一个活动。The post-sequence activity is a series of activities arranged after the current activity, the immediate-preceding activity is the first activity in the pre-sequence of the current activity, and the immediate-sequence activity is the first activity in the post-sequence of the current activity. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1的具体过程为:2. the double-layer scheduling method for detecting and developing items based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concrete process of described step 1 is: 步骤1.1:将各活动的活动状态初始化,所述活动状态包括已完成Finished,正在执行Implementing,等待Waiting和无法执行Inadequate;Step 1.1: Initialize the activity status of each activity, the activity status includes Finished, Implementing is being executed, Waiting is waiting and Inadequate cannot be executed; 步骤1.2:初始化主线活动状态:虚拟开始活动为正在执行状态Implementing,虚拟开始活动的紧后活动为等待状态Waiting,其余活动为无法执行状态Inadequate;Step 1.2: Initialize the mainline activity state: the virtual start activity is the executing state Implementing, the immediate successor to the virtual start activity is the waiting state Waiting, and the rest of the activities are the inadequate state that cannot be executed; 步骤1.3:开始第一次迭代;Step 1.3: Start the first iteration; 步骤1.3.1:虚拟开始活动进入已完成状态Finished;Step 1.3.1: The virtual start activity enters the completed state Finished; 步骤1.3.2:根据后序活动数量多的活动优先级更高的启发式规则,从状态为等待Waiting的活动中选择满足资源约束和逻辑约束条件的活动进入正在执行状态Implementing;Step 1.3.2: According to the heuristic rule with higher priority for the activities with a larger number of subsequent activities, select the activities that meet the resource constraints and logical constraints from the activities whose status is Waiting and enter the executing status Implementing; 步骤1.3.3:所述步骤1.3.2中进入正在执行状态Implementing的活动的紧后活动进入等待状态Waiting;Step 1.3.3: The activity immediately following the activity entering the executing state Implementing in the step 1.3.2 enters the waiting state Waiting; 步骤1.4:重复上述迭代过程至虚拟结束活动状态为已完成Finished,得到初始主线排期计划。Step 1.4: Repeat the above iterative process until the virtual end activity status is Finished, and obtain the initial mainline scheduling plan. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2的具体过程为:3. the double-layer scheduling method for detecting and developing items based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concrete process of described step 2 is: 步骤2.1:从最后一个实际活动开始,检查当前活动能否右移,同时检查右移后是否满足资源和逻辑约束条件;若同时满足能够右移且右移后满足资源和逻辑约束条件,则右移活动,同时更新活动开始时间;Step 2.1: Starting from the last actual activity, check whether the current activity can be moved to the right, and at the same time, check whether the resource and logical constraints are met after the right-shift; Move the event and update the event start time; 步骤2.2:对当前活动的紧前活动,重复上述步骤;Step 2.2: Repeat the above steps for the predecessor activity of the current activity; 步骤2.3:重复步骤2.2,直至所有活动均无法向右移动,将无法移动的活动组成主线关键链,得到最终主线排期计划;Step 2.3: Repeat step 2.2 until all the activities cannot be moved to the right, and the activities that cannot be moved are formed into a mainline key chain to obtain the final mainline schedule; 所述活动移动过程中,该活动与前后活动的串并行关系保持不变。During the movement of the activity, the serial-parallel relationship between the activity and the preceding and following activities remains unchanged. 4.根据权利要求1所述的基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3的具体过程为:4. the double-layer scheduling method for detecting and developing items based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concrete process of described step 3 is: 步骤3.1:根据倒序规则,与主线汇合越靠后的副线优先级越高,对各独立副线链路进行优先级排序;Step 3.1: According to the reverse order rule, the priority of the sub-line that merges with the main line is higher, and the priority of each independent sub-line link is sorted; 步骤3.2:选择优先级最高的副线,在最终主线排期计划基础上,从该副线在主线的汇入活动开始左移该副线,所述汇入活动为副线最后一个活动的紧后活动,并从该副线的最后一个活动开始,逐一向前判断各活动是否满足资源逻辑约束条件,若均满足则更新排期计划;Step 3.2: Select the sub-line with the highest priority. On the basis of the final main line scheduling plan, move the sub-line to the left from the import activity of the sub-line in the main line, and the import activity is the last activity of the sub-line. After the activity, and starting from the last activity of the sub-line, it is judged whether each activity meets the resource logic constraints one by one, and if all are met, the schedule plan is updated; 步骤3.3:比对该副线活动与主线活动,将左移后该副线中超过主线首个活动的副线活动安排为提前进场活动;Step 3.3: Compare the sub-line event with the main line event, and arrange the sub-line event that exceeds the first event of the main line in the sub-line after moving to the left as an early entry event; 步骤3.4:重复上述步骤至优先级最低的副线,得到当前排期计划;Step 3.4: Repeat the above steps to the sub-line with the lowest priority to get the current schedule; 步骤3.5:更新当前排期计划为上层排期计划。Step 3.5: Update the current schedule to the upper-level schedule. 5.根据权利要求1所述的基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4的生成初始种群,在种群初始化过程中,属于上层排期计划的活动基因部分排列顺序保持不变。5. The double-layer scheduling method for detection and development items based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the generation initial population of described step 4, in population initialization process, belong to upper-level scheduling plan The order of the active gene parts remains unchanged. 6.根据权利要求1所述的基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5的选择操作采用轮盘赌方式进行,所述交叉操作采用多次单点交叉法,所述变异操作采用非均匀变异方式进行,随迭代进行逐渐缩小变异概率。6. the double-layer scheduling method for detecting and developing items based on heuristic rule genetic algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the selection operation of described step 5 adopts roulette mode to carry out, and described cross operation adopts multiple times In the single-point crossover method, the mutation operation is performed in a non-uniform mutation mode, and the mutation probability is gradually reduced as the iteration proceeds. 7.根据权利要求1所述的基于启发式规则遗传算法的测发项目双层排期方法,其特征在于:所述种群大小为200,所述迭代最大次数为100,所述变异操作,初始概率为0.4。7. The double-layer scheduling method for detection and development items based on a heuristic rule genetic algorithm according to claim 1, wherein the population size is 200, the maximum number of iterations is 100, and the mutation operation, the initial The probability is 0.4.
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