CN113722797A

CN113722797A - Lightweight BIM prefabricated part full life cycle comprehensive information management system

Info

Publication number: CN113722797A
Application number: CN202111004409.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王志伟; 马伟斌; 郭小雄; 王子洪; 费建波
Original assignee: Shenzhen University; China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS; China State Railway Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen University; China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS; China State Railway Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-30
Filing date: 2021-08-30
Publication date: 2021-11-30

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightweight BIM prefabricated part full life cycle comprehensive information management system, which comprises: the system comprises a light weight BIM management module, a light weight BIM processing module, a light weight BIM data management module, a light weight BIM construction progress dynamic management module and a light weight BIM monitoring measurement module; based on the advantages of visualization, digitization, multidimensional, coordination, whole process simulation and the like of the BIM technology, the geometric information, functional attributes and process information of the engineering object are completely expressed, reproduced, transmitted and shared, the common management and coordination of all participants of the construction project on the same target object and a single engineering data source can be supported, and a sharing platform is provided for design construction, resource allocation, construction simulation and monitoring measurement; the system can accelerate the running speed of a processing computer, reduce the consumption of the memory, has high response speed and can reduce the error and rework probability caused by participation of multiple units.

Description

Lightweight BIM prefabricated part full life cycle comprehensive information management system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of prefabricated part buildings, in particular to a lightweight BIM prefabricated part full life cycle comprehensive information management system.

Background

With the higher requirements of modern tunnels on quality, safety and efficiency, the development mode of tunnel construction equipment in China is relatively extensive, and the tunnel construction equipment becomes a bottleneck restricting the progress of tunnel construction technology.

At present, tunnel construction in China has been developed greatly, but the current railway tunnel construction is mainly based on a drilling and blasting construction process, has the defects of multiple construction steps, untimely support sealing, difficult guarantee of safety, difficult quality control, slow progress, low work efficiency and the like, is low in mechanization and informatization degree, and has a large technical gap with tunnel construction in developed countries such as Europe and America. But the existing tunnel prefabricated part has relatively lagged production mode and low information management level of the whole industrial chain of the assembly type building.

Therefore, how to change the existing lagging mode and realize the management and control of the whole life cycle of the prefabricated tunnel becomes a problem to be solved urgently by practitioners of the same industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, provides a lightweight BIM prefabricated part full-life-cycle comprehensive information management system, and can establish a standardized prefabricated assembled railway tunnel management, production and design mode covering management units, construction units, design units and construction units by means of BIM technical development, and practice intelligent tunnel construction to the maximum extent; the full life cycle intelligent monitoring of the prefabricated part is realized.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the embodiment of the invention provides a lightweight BIM prefabricated part full life cycle comprehensive information management system, which is characterized by comprising the following components:

the light-weight BIM management module is used for managing safety management working data of the complete process before, during and after tunnel construction on the basis of a railway tunnel BIM design model and a construction model;

the light weight BIM processing module is used for optimizing the volume and display of the visualized computer graphic model;

the light-weight BIM data management module is used for collecting monitoring information and early warning information in the construction process and establishing tunnel information model expression based on IFC standard; defining attribute sets and attributes required by multivariate monitoring information expression in an IFC environment, and establishing mapping between SQLsegment database data fields and IFC data sets by expanding the IFC attribute sets;

the lightweight BIM construction progress dynamic management module realizes visual intellectualization and the link of a progress plan and a three-dimensional model entity based on the progress plan of the BIM technology; .

Lightweight BIM control module of measurationing for acquire in the hole country rock and strut the situation and observe clearance convergence monitoring, vault settlement monitoring, earth's surface settlement monitoring data, import the relevant position of BIM model, so that guide tunnel construction.

Further, the lightweight BIM management module includes:

the data layer consists of a BIM design model of the tunnel, information such as various kinds of monitoring in the construction process, a virtual construction model reflecting the real-time construction dynamic of the site and information data of relevant specifications, standards, construction organization design and contract files of the railway tunnel project construction;

the construction model layer is used for processing and technically processing the information data of the data layer, and forming corresponding quality management, progress management, safety management and cost management by means of BIM management software according to project management targets and professional subdivision;

and the safety application layer performs corresponding information safety management work based on BIM according to the requirement of tunnel construction management.

Further, BIM lightweight processing module includes:

the geometric conversion module is used for converting the design model into the BIM model, adopting parameterized geometric description and triangularization geometric description and adopting a similarity algorithm to reduce the number of primitives;

the rendering processing module is used for representing objects by geometrical bodies with different levels through occlusion rejection, batch drawing and multiple LODs, and accelerating the single-primitive rendering speed;

based on a BIM display module of the Web tunnel, three-dimensional graphics are loaded through WEBGL technology, and WEB display of the BIM model is performed under the three.

Further, lightweight BIM construction progress dynamic management module includes:

establishing a 4D BIM model module, which is used for constructing a 4D BIM model by adopting Microsoft Project software according to construction progress data on the basis of the BIM model, and monitoring and adjusting the time setting condition;

and the simulation construction module is used for carrying out multiple simulation analysis on the construction process based on the BIM technology, predicting and finding out construction problems occurring in the construction stage or possibly occurring in the future in advance so as to take targeted prevention and solution measures.

Further, lightweight BIM control measurement module includes:

the information collection module is used for collecting data of ground surface settlement, hole periphery convergence, vault crown settlement monitoring points, concrete stress, reinforcing steel bar stress, soil pressure, anchor rod axial force, tunnel lining holes and water seepage conditions of a tunnel project;

the system integration module is used for importing the data collected by the information collection module into corresponding positions in the BIM;

and the dynamic adjustment module is used for evaluating the construction risk and identifying the surrounding rock parameters by utilizing the three-dimensional visualization and information standardization of the BIM on the basis of the system integration module so as to dynamically adjust the support parameters.

Further, the information collection module specifically uses a GPRS wireless transmission module and a 433HZ wireless transparent transmission module to transmit the collected information to the server.

Further, still include:

and the light-weight BIM data management module is used for leading the drawing paper into the BIM model, associating the two-dimensional drawing with the BIM model and matching the two-dimensional drawing with the BIM model to a corresponding position.

Further, lightweight BIM data management module includes:

the identification positioning module is used for associating the two-dimensional drawing with the BIM model and identifying in the BIM model to realize quick positioning of the key node drawing;

the cross node reminding module is used for reminding cross nodes in the lightweight BIM model, so that engineering personnel can conveniently read drawings;

and the part sectioning module is used for providing a sectioning function of any part of the model in the light-weight BIM model.

Further, still include: lightweight BIM virtual construction module combines virtual reality based on BIM, is applied to each aspect of tunnel construction, includes: the method comprises the steps of planning in the early stage of a prefabricated production base, actual production, transportation and field installation operation, and controlling production quality and risk links, education and training of staff technology and production safety, and propaganda and display of enterprises.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the lightweight BIM prefabricated part full life cycle comprehensive information management system can completely express, reproduce, transmit and share the geometric information, functional attribute and process information of an engineering object based on the advantages of visualization, digitization, multidimensional, coordination, whole process simulation and the like of the BIM technology, can support the co-management and co-coordination of all participants of a construction project on the same target object and a single engineering data source, and provides a sharing platform for design construction, resource allocation, construction simulation and monitoring measurement. Furthermore, the processing based on the light BIM can accelerate the operation speed of a processing computer, reduce the consumption of memory, has higher response speed, improves the comprehensive information management level of the whole life cycle of the prefabricated part, improves the working efficiency and reduces the error and rework probability caused by participation of multiple units.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a full-lifecycle integrated information management system for lightweight BIM prefabricated parts according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel BIM construction management model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a BIM model processing procedure.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic tunnel design provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lightweight BIM prefabricated part full-life-cycle integrated information management system, including:

the light-weight BIM management module 1 is used for managing safety management working data of the complete process before, during and after tunnel construction on the basis of a railway tunnel BIM design model and a construction model;

the light weight BIM processing module 2 is used for optimizing the volume and display of a visualized computer graphic model;

the lightweight BIM data management module 3 is used for collecting monitoring information and early warning information in the construction process and establishing tunnel information model expression based on IFC standard; defining attribute sets and attributes required by multivariate monitoring information expression in an IFC environment, and establishing mapping between SQLsegment database data fields and IFC data sets by expanding the IFC attribute sets;

the lightweight BIM construction progress dynamic management module 4 is used for realizing visual intellectualization and linking of a progress plan and a three-dimensional model entity based on the progress plan of the BIM technology; .

And the lightweight BIM monitoring and measuring module 5 is used for acquiring surrounding rock in the tunnel and supporting condition observation clearance convergence monitoring, vault subsidence monitoring and earth surface subsidence monitoring data, and importing the corresponding position of the BIM model so as to guide tunnel construction.

In this embodiment, lightweight BIM's prefabricated component full life cycle integrated information management system includes: the system comprises a light weight BIM management module, a light weight BIM processing module, a light weight BIM data management module, a light weight BIM construction progress dynamic management module and a light weight BIM monitoring measurement module; the system is based on the processing of the light BIM, can accelerate the operation speed of a processing computer, reduce the consumption of a memory, has higher response speed, also improves the comprehensive information management level of the whole life cycle of the prefabricated part, improves the working efficiency, and reduces the error and rework probability caused by participation of multiple units.

The above modules are described in detail below:

lightweight BIM management module:

on the basis of a railway tunnel BIM design model and a construction model, a flow model system is formed by combining safety management work of a complete process before tunnel construction, during construction and after construction.

Referring to fig. 2, the method embodies the complete application level and flow of the BIM technology in railway tunnel construction, and comprises a data layer, an construction model layer and a safety application layer, wherein the corresponding level management level comprises a management layer, a technical layer and an operation layer.

The data layer mainly comprises a BIM design model of the tunnel, information such as various kinds of monitoring in the construction process, a virtual construction model reflecting the real-time construction dynamic of the site, and basic information data such as specifications, standards, construction organization design, contract files and the like related to the construction of railway tunnel projects. The collection, arrangement and maintenance of the data information belong to the work of management level.

The construction model layer is used for processing and technically processing data layer information data, and forms a corresponding quality management module, a progress management module, a safety management module and a cost management module by means of BIM management software and other related information technologies according to project management targets and professional subdivision. This part of the work is undertaken by the skilled person in the pertinent field.

The safety application layer is a specific application level and is mainly used for performing corresponding BIM-based informatization safety management work in combination with the requirement of tunnel construction management. The method mainly comprises the management of drawing data based on BIM, special scheme compilation, safety measure expense management, emergency evacuation simulation and the like; carrying out works such as safety technology background crossing, construction safety inspection, safety space management, monitoring and measuring data processing and the like based on BIM; these specific tasks are mainly performed by a front-line worker.

Based on the model, the whole information flow realizes the calling of information data from top to bottom, the feedback of construction information from bottom to top and the information intercommunication among all transverse modules and all professions, each layer is clear in work division, the flow is clear, the information is smooth, a complete and dynamic application closed loop is formed, and the traditional railway tunnel construction management work is greatly improved.

The BIM model integrates various information in the engineering construction process, has the functions of three-dimensional simulation, simulation test, information integration, sharing cooperation and the like, can be effectively applied to the aspects of project planning, collaborative design, collision check, performance analysis, construction simulation, cost progress control and the like in the construction process, can effectively reduce changes, reduce rework waste and construction period loss, completely store various information in the construction process, and has important significance for improving the fine management level of a project.

In conclusion, BIM is a big platform model with big data. The final representation of BIM is a multi-dimensional, multi-functional, multi-purpose computer graphics model of visualization. The model is ultimately presented on the display device in the form of a multi-dimensional, multi-functional, multi-purpose model computer graphic. This will make a severe challenge to the graphics processing capability of the computer. And the tunnel construction engineering is often inversely observed, and the operation is still easy even on the civil computer equipment at the highest end due to the huge redundant massive information and the huge tunnel BIM model.

In order to solve the contradiction between the BIM and the BIM, the weight reduction of the BIM is the only solution. After the model is lightened, the size of the BIM model is reduced, the BIM model is lighter and faster to display, and the display at a PC end, a mobile phone and a tablet personal computer end is facilitated. As shown in fig. 3, from the design model to the BIM model to the model finally seen in the computer or the mobile terminal, two processes are performed in the middle, one is geometric conversion and the other is rendering processing, and the quality of the two processes directly affects the final light-weight effect.

The BIM lightweight processing module 2 comprises:

the geometric transformation module 21 is used for reducing the number of the primitives by adopting parameterized geometric description and triangulated geometric description and adopting a similarity algorithm in the process of transforming the design model into the BIM model;

the rendering processing module 22 is used for occlusion rejection, batch drawing and representation of the object by the multiple LODs by using geometric bodies of different levels, and accelerating the single-primitive rendering speed;

based on the Web tunnel BIM display module 23, the Web display of the BIM model is performed under the three-dimensional graph loading by the webbl technology and the three-dimensional graph architecture.

The geometric transformation module 21 is a process of transforming the design model into the BIM model, and this process is a source of the whole light weight and is a core. The following is optimized in terms of both micro and macro, and light weight is achieved.

1. Optimization of micro-level

From a technical point of view, there are currently two processing modes in the industry, namely parametric geometry descriptions and triangulated geometry descriptions.

1) Parameterized geometric description

A plurality of parameters are used for describing a geometric body, and the geometric body is called parametric geometric description.

For example: drawing a circular column, 3 parameters can be used:

parameter 1: bottom surface origin coordinates (x, y, z, 3 decimal)

Parameter 2: radius of the bottom surface (r, 1 decimal)

Parameter 3: pillar height (h, 1 decimal)

Therefore, the construction of a cylinder can be completed by using 5 decimal places, the construction is very simple, and parameterized geometric description can realize the most light weight of a single graphic element.

2) Triangularized geometric description

A geometry is described by a plurality of triangles, which is called triangulated geometry.

The triangles can be spliced into any plane or curved surface, and a plurality of surfaces are finally spliced into a three-dimensional body, which is the basis of modern computer graphics processing. The more triangles a three-dimensional model appears finer, and vice versa coarser, which is also the rationale for lod (levels of detail).

2. Optimization at macroscopic level

As mentioned above, the parameterized geometric description method can effectively reduce the volume of a single primitive, but if the method is a large-scale or even ultra-large-scale project, the data volume is still considerable, and the optimization strategy at this time must be considered from a macro level.

The similarity algorithm reduces the number of primitives:

in a project, many primitives are the same in length, for example, many posts are the same in shape and different in position, and primitive merging can be performed at this time, that is: only the data of one pile is reserved, and other piles record one reference and the space coordinate. By the method, the number of the graphic elements can be effectively reduced, and the aim of light weight is fulfilled.

The rendering processing module 22:

in order to achieve a smooth, real-time display, it is usually necessary to render up to 15-30 frames/second. If the data volume of the model is large, especially if the model is a building model, the data of each specialty is collected, the number of the triangular faces of the model can reach tens of millions, and the expenditure of the memory is more than 20-30G. Under the conventional drawing process, the system cannot load the whole data, the drawing is very unsmooth, and at the moment, the drawing of a scene needs to be accelerated by various means, and the expenditure of a memory is simplified and controlled.

When some objects in the scene are far from the viewpoint or the objects themselves are small, the pixels that are eventually projected onto the screen are not many. If too many geometric primitives are used to represent these objects, wasted storage and performance is affected.

The multiple LODs represent objects by geometric bodies of different levels, the more distant the loaded model is, the coarser the model is, and the more distant the loaded model is, the finer the model is, thereby improving display efficiency and reducing storage without affecting visual effect.

Single render volume is number of primitives by primitive precision.

When the viewpoint distance is far, although the number of the primitives is large, the primitive accuracy is low, so that the volume is controllable.

When the viewpoint distance is short, although the primitive precision is high, the number of the primitives is small, and the volume is still controllable.

For example, our view is right in front of a room, and at this time, we can only reach a fine window or a fine door; but if our viewing angle is 100 meters out of a building we will see the corresponding primitives for the entire building, doors, windows, etc., but these primitives need not be as fine.

Therefore, the use of the LOD technique can ensure a smooth display model in both large and local scenes. However, the LOD technique is a one-handle double-edged sword, which can effectively control the single-rendering volume, but multiple LODs can cause the model file to become large, because the same primitive may have multiple geometric representations, and therefore, the LOD technique needs to be flexibly used according to actual situations.

The LOD technique is applied with many skills, such as classifying and processing building elements with different sizes according to indoor and outdoor distinguishing model data, or according to distance, floor, even building speciality and detail level, etc. In addition, the user experience is also typically considered when applying LOD techniques to avoid noticeable display jumps.

1. Optimization at macroscopic level

1) Carrying out occlusion rejection, and reducing the number of rendering primitives;

the shielding elimination is to cut out the object which can not be projected into the human eye viewing cone, thereby improving the display efficiency. The occlusion rejection technology rejects the occluded object under the current viewpoint in scene drawing, and draws only the foremost object, thereby achieving the purpose of improving performance. The observed object is not drawn because it is blocked, thereby reducing the drawing amount and improving the performance, but the perception of the user is the same.

In this embodiment, octree spatial index may be performed on the primitives, and then the primitives to be eliminated in the scene are calculated according to the view points, and only visible primitives are drawn.

2) Batch drawing is performed, and rendering smoothness is improved;

in order to draw an object onto the screen, a graphics API draw call needs to be initiated. Draw calls are very CPU intensive and often result in GPU time idle. To optimize performance, balance CPU and GPU loads, objects with the same state (e.g., same texture) may be merged into one draw call, which is called a batch draw call. Batch draw calls reduce draw calls by merging objects, resulting in performance optimization. Batch rendering may be pre-processed to form static batches, or dynamically adjusted as each frame is rendered, referred to as dynamic batch merging. Sometimes, dynamic and static batch merging strategies are combined to achieve the improvement of rendering fluency.

Web tunnel-based BIM display module 23:

the tunnel is linearly distributed and is hidden underground, visual information interaction is beneficial to information sharing of participating parties and improvement of construction efficiency, the current situation that the development of the BIM technology is hindered due to a complex sharing mode needs to be broken through, and WEB is a good way for solving the problem. The WEB display of the BIM model can be carried out by a three-dimensional graph loading method of WEBGL technology under the framework of three.

The frames commonly used for the WebGL application development at present are o3djs, scene. The o3djs frame is an open source project of google, a dae format needs to be converted into a JSON format and then loaded, the o3djs is generally suitable for rendering of small scenes, and the o3djs frame has rich interfaces including interfaces for drawing line and plane, interfaces for drawing various three-dimensional bodies and interfaces for processing various events, but is high in development complexity, large in development difficulty and long in period.

Js frame is an open-source JavaScript 3D engine, is suitable for the latest WebGL standard, is often used for displaying a model with higher precision in medicine and engineering on a Web end, and can meet the requirement of the model on high-precision display; js provides a Geometry class, and a point-line surface can be added through the self construction of a user; js, all elements in a scene are organized into a tree-like scene graph, and if parent elements change, all elements of a subset of the parent elements change correspondingly; however, all functions provided by the framework are written in one JS file, so that the robustness is low, and the subsequent expansion development capability is poor; js frame is not mature enough at present, and the problems of different rendering effects under different browsers and the like exist.

The JS framework well inherits the design mode of the Web front-end framework, makes full use of the characteristics of JS, realizes the modularization of partial functions, encapsulates codes through different functional modules, such as models, materials, lights, cameras and the like, and encapsulates a plurality of built-in objects, thereby facilitating the development of animation and games for developers; js frame is low in complexity, simple and visual, belongs to a lightweight 3D frame, and source codes, cases and the like of the three are managed on a GitHub, so that a developer can learn and use the three conveniently; js contains numerous rendering modes, can meet the development requirements of different users, and can also carry out model pickup, thereby facilitating the development of the interactive function of the three-dimensional scene by the users; js frame can support three-dimensional model formats designed by common modeling software such as blend, 3D MAX and Maya, and is widely concerned in multiple fields.

The GLGE framework enhances the use friendliness of WebGL, has higher support degree on an external three-dimensional model, can support an interactive 3D digital resource exchange scheme (COLLADA), is suitable for development of various game scenes, provides an interface for adding point lines for developers, but has poorer freedom degree and expansibility, has fewer related use cases and materials of the framework, increases the development difficulty, and has the problems of different display effects in different browsers.

Volume aspect of the frame: the frame size directly influences the running speed and efficiency of the application at the Web end, so that the user experience is influenced, and the frame size is an important influence factor for frame selection. The selection of the small-size framework can improve the running speed of the Web application, reduce the extra overhead and have higher flexibility, freedom degree and expansibility. Js framework only needs to introduce required library files according to different functions required by users, and the introduced files are small in size. In addition, in the process of developing Web application, browser tools such as Firebug are mostly used for debugging and maintenance, the three.

Functional aspects that can be achieved; in consideration of the functional requirements of the system, the selected framework has certain compatibility with models with different data formats and can meet the basic display and interaction functions of the three-dimensional model. In the above framework, GLGE and three.js framework have a strong support capability for external model introduction, and in comparison, three.js can support more diversified model formats including a plurality of model formats dedicated to Web reading, while GLGE framework has advantages in processing reconstruction of 3D digital resource exchange scheme (COLLADA) model. In addition, in actual development, the three.js framework has more flexibility, freedom and expansibility than the GLGE framework, and is more favorable for the expansion of Web application functions.

In the aspect of rendering efficiency, the rendering speed and the rendering efficiency directly influence the user experience of a user, particularly for the rendering of a large scene, the rendering speed and the rendering efficiency are more important, the selected framework has the function of converting the three-dimensional model into the optimal structure, and the GPU can be efficiently utilized to render the model and the scene to the maximum extent. And on the aspect of whether the frame is open source, the frame with the open source is selected as much as possible for development, so that on the one hand, the development cost can be reduced, on the other hand, the frame function can be conveniently expanded, and the flexibility is higher.

In addition to the above considerations, a mature and powerful development team should be selected as much as possible to provide support when selecting a framework, and a framework maintained and updated by related technicians is provided, so that applications developed by using the framework can continuously adapt to the development of new technologies. Js framework is widely concerned by developers at present, codes are open source, the technology is mature, and compared with other frameworks, the development cost is low. And by combining the aspects, a three-dimensional framework can be preferably selected to develop the display and interaction functions of the three-dimensional model of the tunnel at the Web end.

The lightweight BIM data management module 3:

the first task of tunnel informatization dynamic construction is to solve information collection in the construction process, the construction monitoring information data volume is huge and has very high timeliness requirements, and the scheme is based on the Internet of things technology, database management technology and WEB network technology, establishes a lightweight BIM data management module integrating data collection and early warning smart data sharing, realizes remote automatic collection of tunnel multivariate monitoring information and real-time early warning of tunnel monitoring risks, and supports the functions of data access, short message alarm and the like of WEB and mobile clients.

On the basis of building a tunnel BIM model, a BIM data management system framework is designed, and a tunnel information model expression method based on an IFC standard is built. Defining attribute sets and attributes required by multivariate monitoring information expression in an IFC environment, and establishing the mapping between the SQLsever database data fields and the IFC data sets by expanding the IFC attribute sets. And finally, combining the automatic multivariate monitoring information based on the IFC data format with the BIM model of the tunnel, integrating the stress strain of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the deformation of the surrounding earth surface and structures, the underground water condition, the construction progress and other data into the BIM information base and reflecting the data to the BIM model.

The construction information is input into a server, the server performs big data management and calculation based on an SQLsever database platform, and meanwhile, the database information is shared to a WEB website platform and a mobile client side by utilizing a free open-source WEB lightweight application service Apache Tpomcat platform technology.

Generally, a traditional network sharing mode can be divided into a C/S framework and a B/S framework, WEB browsing of a three-dimensional model can be achieved by applying a WebGL technology, an information sharing mode scheme is designed in the aspect of BIM information, a network platform and a mobile client are developed, and a sharing mode of the C/S framework and the B/S framework of monitoring information is achieved.

The core of the BIM technology lies in the integration of multi-party collaboration and information. The BIM technology is used in the project full life cycle application including project design, construction, operation and management, information sharing and interaction modes must be perfected, a unified data standard IFC is taken as a basis, and a BIM server is proposed and established to be used as an information storage and interaction carrier.

The dynamic management module 4 for the lightweight BIM construction progress comprises:

the management status of engineering projects in the construction industry is extremely high, and the management is mainly used for managing the contents of the cost, the safety, the progress and the quality of the projects, wherein the failure of any one of the projects can be directly caused by poor processing.

Project schedule management refers to implementing a strict schedule control plan in the project construction process, finding out the deviation degree of the actual schedule and the actual schedule by periodically checking the actual schedule and comparing the schedule schedules, analyzing the main reasons causing the deviation, organizing the related problems of the coordination and the treatment of all project participants, and adopting targeted measures to ensure that the project is completed within the schedule period so as to ensure the project schedule of the project.

The project constructor must compile an overall project schedule according to the requirements of project department, subdivide it into a week schedule, a month schedule and a season schedule, find out key work in the project construction process, formulate a scientific schedule control schedule, find out main factors which may affect the project schedule, and take targeted preventive measures. And the project supervision party strictly checks the completion condition of the project according to the project schedule, compares the actual schedule with the schedule, analyzes the deviation degree of the actual schedule and the schedule, finds out the specific cause, and adopts a corresponding method to catch up the schedule on the basis to ensure that the project can be completed within the expected period. Procedure for scheduling:

the progress plan based on the BIM technology can realize visual intellectualization, and the linkage of the progress plan and the three-dimensional model entity. The method changes the one-off characteristic of the engineering project, and engineers can build in a computer for many times according to the actual construction environment and continuously optimize the progress plan through multiple construction simulation.

Compared with the traditional progress plan, the progress management based on the BIM technology has the advantages that:

WBS, task progress and model linkage

The progress plan based on the BIM technology can realize mutual linkage among the WBS, the task progress and the model, ensure the integrity and systematicness of the WBS and the three-dimensional entity model, and break the mutual independent relation between the progress task and the model

2. Professional model integration and collision detection

By utilizing the integration characteristic of the BIM technology, all professional models are guided into a platform in the process of construction drawing consultation or construction, and then the integration of professional models such as buildings, structures, water heating and the like is carried out. And then, establishing collision detection tests of different specialties or the same specialty, finding all conflicts and contradictions on the drawing, and finding model problems before construction so as to ensure the accuracy of the schedule planning basis data.

3. Progress plan expression visualization

Because the BIM model carries the schedule plan as a three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional model is created completely according to the actual design, as is the actual as-built model. All can observe every viewpoint of the project, and visual construction progress simulation can be carried out by integrating the progress data. The progress plan can be more intuitively recognized and read by the staff through visual viewpoints or simulation.

4. Smooth communication of progress management personnel

The collaborative working platform based on the BIM technology provides a good communication channel for workers, communication and communication between workshops are not single languages, but can be combined with specific, visual and unified models for communication, and consistency of hearing and vision is achieved. Moreover, the platform can be located at the cloud end, progress managers can log in a cloud server by using the mobile device to transmit and look up information, and communication efficiency of the managers is greatly improved.

5. Information sharing

Information sharing is one of the main advantages of BIM technology. During schedule planning, each participating unit or each worker of the same unit can more fully and quickly master the actual conditions among each other by sharing information on the BIM information platform, and the efficiency of collecting schedule data is improved.

The introduction of the BIM technology can well solve the problem of progress waste, which all depends on its advanced collision check function. Many professional conflicts can cause the waste of progress, many materials, artifical because engineering reworks, the engineering is useless and useless extravagant, the combination of construction and design can't be accomplished to many projects at present, this leads to by current industry mechanism, the design institute is busy in the schedule, the quality of design work has been ignored, it is not final construction drawing but scheme stage achievement to deliver, many problems hidden in the middle of need the construction to carry out just can be found when certain degree, especially when trilateral engineering quantity is more, professional conflict is more obvious, frequent rework.

The design process is tracked and fed back based on the BIM system, the problems in design can be found and solved in time, the construction problem is stopped from the source, and the method is significant in solving the problem of construction waste and improving the construction efficiency. After the BIM technology is introduced, the owner can utilize the powerful data processing function thereof to check and feedback the payment application form of the contractor, shorten the payment period,

after the BIM technology is introduced, the acquisition of data information is not bound by time and space any more, the implementation efficiency of production plans and purchasing plans is obviously improved, the construction progress is accelerated, and the planning accuracy is greatly improved. In the current engineering implementation process, the decision making can not be finished due to the fact that needed decision data and information can not be obtained completely in time, so that the construction period is delayed, and irreparable loss is caused. In the actual construction process, the decision is a very simple link, only information data is objective and accurate, but it is not easy to obtain a large amount of objective and complete data, and the decision is also stranded as long as a problem occurs in the aspect of the information data, and even a lot of time is wasted in negotiation. The BIM supports project users to construct a multi-dimensional structured database, so that data can be analyzed and sorted simultaneously, and the problems can be well avoided.

Specifically, lightweight BIM construction progress dynamic management module 4 includes:

establishing a 4D BIM model module 41, which is used for constructing a 4D BIM model by adopting Microsoft Project software according to construction progress data on the basis of the BIM model, and monitoring and adjusting the time setting condition;

the simulation construction module 42 performs a plurality of simulation analyses on the construction process based on the BIM technology, and predicts and finds in advance the construction problems that have occurred in the construction stage or may occur in the future, so as to take targeted prevention and solution measures.

The 4D model is called 4Dimension, and the 4D model considers the time factor, which is the difference from the 3D model, and just because the time factor is added, when the modeling technology is introduced in the field of building construction, the model can reflect the progress status of the project more than the 3D model, and output dynamic data, so that the constructor can manage the project. Currently, the BIM model can be integrated based on Microsoft Project software developed by Microsoft corporation of America, and the 4D BIM model is obtained. In Microsoft Project software, each modality corresponds to a display state for the manager to monitor and adjust the time setting.

In the process of project construction, the phenomenon that the actual progress is disconnected with the target progress occurs, the target plan at the moment can be similar to a nominal plan, and project management personnel urgently need to recalculate and adjust the target plan immediately. The construction process is simulated and analyzed for many times based on the BIM technology, then construction problems which occur in the construction stage or are likely to occur in the future can be predicted and found in advance, then targeted prevention and solution measures are taken, the actual construction progress is ensured to be consistent with the target progress all the time, so that the project progress can be managed well, the actual construction of the project is guided, and finally the construction target is achieved within the specified time.

And (3) displaying the construction process of the whole building on a screen according to the project plan progress, finding problems which may occur or already occur in the construction process by observing the whole process, and if the progress is disconnected with the plan, popping up a prompt by the system to remind a manager to take corresponding measures.

After the actual progress data is recorded into the system, the system starts to compare and analyze the difference between the actual progress and the project plan, and if the difference is large, the project has a serious problem. In order to ensure that the actual progress is basically consistent with the planned progress, multiple optimization and adjustment are carried out on a target in construction, and a scientific means is adopted to prevent and solve problems which may occur or already occur in the future. The disjointed performance of the project and the original plan is focused on resource allocation, cost expenditure, project schedule and the like, and the aspect of the problem is determined firstly, and then targeted measures are taken for processing.

In the embodiment, 1) the BIM can solve a series of problems of slow reaction mechanism, untimely adjustment, poor effect and the like in the traditional progress management process. The main advantages are: the efficiency of scheme optimization is improved, the connection and cooperation of each specialty are closely realized, and the situation that drawing error information is lost due to lack of communication is reduced. The method has the advantages of being beneficial to improving the management strength of project progress, achieving informatization of management, visualizing the model and the like.

2) The BIM technology is used for reducing project construction time and energy consumption and promoting reasonable resource allocation by deleting unnecessary information requests and complex programs. Finally, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved for the whole project, and the cost is reduced.

3) Project schedules are managed by virtue of BIM techniques. Compared with the traditional project scheduling planning, the BIM has the characteristics of being more visual and clear. The drawing and building unit can provide visually-viewable drawings and building units, and facilitates the discussion among various departments. In addition, under the control and command of the BIM model on project progress, the work efficiency is very high, and because the construction project is a dynamic and constantly changing process, the fixed plan does not consider the situation that the actual operation project has difficulty or errors, and the plan can not normally run once the problem occurs. However, the BIM working schedule is a dynamic process, which can adjust the problems in the operation process in time and transmit the information into the BIM so as to make a new plan by updating the original plan. Zero errors are realized, and one-time task completion is ensured.

The lightweight BIM monitoring and measuring module 5: the method comprises the following steps:

the information collection module 51 is used for collecting data of ground surface settlement, hole periphery convergence, vault crown settlement monitoring points, concrete stress, reinforcement stress, soil pressure, anchor rod axial force, tunnel lining cavities and water seepage conditions of the tunnel project;

the system integration module 52 is used for importing the data collected by the information collection module into corresponding positions in the BIM model;

and the dynamic adjustment module 53 is used for evaluating the construction risk and identifying the surrounding rock parameters by utilizing the three-dimensional visualization and information standardization of the BIM on the basis of the system integration module so as to dynamically adjust the support parameters.

Since the 60 s, the new Olympic method is continuously applied to tunnels and underground engineering, and the concept of the new Olympic method is more and more generally accepted by people. The new Olympic method is used to construct the tunnel, not only the thickness of the support and lining is determined by calculation, but also the correction is made according to the measurement results of displacement and the like. In general, the purpose of monitoring the tunnel construction is the following:

1) ensuring the safety. According to the measured data, the dynamic process and rule of the surrounding rock and the support are mastered in time, the rock mechanical parameters are predicted, a calculation model is established, and the stability of the rock engineering is evaluated, so that dynamic management and scientific construction are performed;

2) and guiding construction and predicting dangerous cases. Analyzing and processing the measured data, predicting and confirming whether tunnel surrounding rocks have abnormal conditions and final stabilization time thereof so as to guide the construction sequence and determine the time for constructing a secondary lining;

3) and (5) correcting the design. Monitoring data are used for optimization design, so that the design of the supporting structure is safe, reliable, economical and reasonable.

4) Accumulating the data. The measurement result of the existing engineering can be indirectly applied to other similar engineering as the reference material for design and construction.

The monitoring and measuring work of the tunnel is an important component of tunnel construction, is a basic standard for judging whether the design is reasonable and whether the construction is correct and ordered, is a basic means for monitoring whether the surrounding rock is safe and stable, is a basic means for judging whether the primary support is in place, and specifically, the standard for determining the secondary lining construction time is that an observation point is arranged on the tunnel of the primary support, and the displacement condition among the measurement points is observed by an instrument to judge the stable condition of the surrounding rock of the tunnel so as to carry out the tunnel construction under the condition of ensuring the safety, and the monitoring and measuring project is generally drawn up to include a necessary measuring project according to the current regulation and the construction design: the method comprises the following steps of observing clearance convergence monitoring, vault crown subsidence monitoring and ground surface subsidence monitoring of surrounding rock and supporting conditions in a tunnel, and selecting and measuring items related to stress, mainly comprising primary lining strain and reinforcing steel bar stress, measuring axial force of an anchor rod, contact stress of the surrounding rock and the like.

The tunnel construction is a long process, and whether the design or the specific construction is not one-time setting, the research needs to be closely matched according to the situation reflected by the site construction in the construction process, various construction information is comprehensively analyzed, wherein the information feedback is timely carried out by monitoring and measuring data analysis, and the construction can be fed back only by following the construction, so that the construction is reasonable.

The construction information is a real-time dynamic reflection of the stability of the surrounding rock after the tunnel is excavated, and is also a fundamental basis for correcting the construction design. The construction information feedback correction design is specifically that after tunnel excavation construction, according to information of a square surface reflected by construction, data and requirements of a structure, supporting parameters, reserved deformation, a construction method, construction time of each procedure and the like designed according to experience and theory before construction are checked and corrected, and the data and the requirements are required to be closely related to construction and run through all stages of the whole tunnel construction process.

The tunnel monitoring measurement management based on BIM has the advantages that:

(1) the method is characterized in that BIM visualization and relevance of model information are utilized, accurate modeling is carried out on the tunnel based on BIM technology, modeling is carried out on earth surface settlement, hole circumference convergence, vault crown settlement monitoring points, concrete stress, steel bar stress, soil pressure, anchor rod axial force, tunnel lining cavities and water seepage conditions by combining tunnel monitoring and measuring items during construction, a database is established, and information in the database is matched to corresponding positions in the BIM model so as to efficiently and reasonably guide tunnel construction.

(2) The BIM model of the tunnel and the dynamic tunnel construction information computer system are integrated, the three-dimensional visualization and information standardization characteristics of the BIM can be fully utilized, the bottleneck problem of tunnel construction monitoring information management is solved, the dynamic design of the tunnel in the true sense is realized, and the method can be shown in figure 4.

(3) The information characteristic of BIM is utilized, specific monitoring measurement requirements are designed for tunnels of each work point, and different monitoring items, monitoring section intervals and other requirements are given for general paragraphs and special paragraphs. And suggestions are given to the rationality of the monitoring project according to the big data.

The information collection module 51 specifically uses a GPRS wireless transmission module and a 433HZ wireless transparent transmission module to transmit the collected information to the server.

By means of an advanced wireless transmission technology and a cloud service technology, the integration of traditional monitoring and the integration of the Internet and the Internet of things is realized, and the limitation of a data transmission space is broken through. And further establishing a network server database management system, and realizing cloud storage and processing of monitoring data and network sharing of the data by virtue of a cloud platform.

In the embodiment, a GPRS wireless transmission module which is bidirectional transparent transmission equipment based on Ethernet and a 433HZ wireless transparent transmission module are used, the information transmission of the two modules is uniform in data forms such as baud rate and verification, the modules are communicated in a 485 data form, and the remote wireless transmission of data is realized by means of the two media. Each acquisition terminal is provided with an acquisition module, the acquisition module directly controls the acquisition state of each type of sensor, and then the communication between the server end and the acquisition modules is realized through a wireless transmission device. Aiming at some extra-long tunnels, curved tunnels and tunnels with complex construction conditions, a wireless transmission relay scheme can be designed. The tunnel face sends out monitoring information, transmits to the tunnel entrance to a cave through the relay unit, and the relay part mainly comprises a pair of wireless transmission modules that establish ties, sets up corresponding parameter and pairing mode, realizes the pass of signal. The scheme design has the advantages that the repeater is convenient to expand, the limitation of adverse factors such as tunnel length, cross section and line shape for blocking wireless signal transmission can be avoided, the effective transmission of the monitored information and data in the tunnel is realized, the information acquisition is comprehensive, the problem that the wired signal transmission distance is limited in the prior art is solved, the inconvenience caused by arrangement of communication cables for construction is avoided, and manpower and material resources are saved.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the method further includes: and the light-weight BIM data management module 6 is used for leading the drawing paper into the BIM model, associating the two-dimensional drawing with the BIM model and matching the two-dimensional drawing with the BIM model to a corresponding position.

The existing tunnel design drawings comprise a tunnel structure work point diagram, various reference drawings and various drawings of the four electric professions, and the drawings are piled up like a mountain in site construction. The management of drawings basically depends on experienced engineers, and cross engineering construction such as rail-passing pipelines and the like can be caused by slight negligence.

The design drawing contains a large number of node processing drawings, and if the drawing is not read with little attention on a construction site, the phenomenon that the construction details cannot be in place can be caused.

The tunnel engineering comprises detailed engineering such as a forepoling system, a supporting structure system, a lining waterproof and drainage system, four-electricity, tunnel portal greening and tunnel portal protection, and when the tunnel engineering is constructed at positions such as cross nodes (tunnel caverns and steel pipes passing through rails), unless the familiarity degree of drawings is high, finding specific drawings will waste time and labor, and the risk of drawing mistaking also exists.

In this embodiment, drawing management based on lightweight BIM:

(1) and associating the two-dimensional drawing with the three-dimensional model, and identifying in the three-dimensional model. And realizing the quick positioning of the key node drawing.

(2) The cross nodes are reminded in the light-weight BIM model, and engineering personnel can read drawings conveniently.

(3) The lightweight BIM platform provides any parts of the model for sectioning, so that engineering personnel can clearly see the internal structure of the tunnel structure.

(4) And the rapid browsing of the PC end and the mobile end is realized through a database component tunnel full-professional drawing management system. The application of field technicians is facilitated, and convenience conditions are provided for operation management.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the method further includes: light-weighted BIM virtual construction module 7 combines virtual reality based on BIM, is applied to each aspect of tunnel construction, includes: the method comprises the steps of planning in the early stage of a prefabricated production base, actual production, transportation and field installation operation, and controlling production quality and risk links, education and training of staff technology and production safety, and propaganda and display of enterprises.

In this embodiment, the combination of BIM and VR (virtual reality) is applicable to various aspects of tunnel construction. The BIM + VR technology can be used for realizing the operations from the early planning of a prefabricated production base to the actual production, transportation and field installation operations, and then to the control of production quality and risk links, the education and training of staff technology and production safety, the propaganda and display of enterprises and the like.

1. Simulation of production process flow

1:1 modeling is carried out on all tools, equipment, molds, components and the like of a prefabricated production base through a 3D modeling technology, high restoration is carried out on all time in a scene through a 3D engine general process sequence, and the whole production process flow is simulated in an engine. The processes from the previous steel bar processing, to the prefabrication transition of the member and the final field hoisting can be completely restored, so that constructors can know the field construction environment in advance. After the process flow is simulated by the VR technology, each link can be controlled in the initial stage, and when unreasonable design or process occurs, the links are modified in time, so that the time consumption in the production process is reduced to the maximum extent. The method has the advantages that the VR technology is added at the initial stage of the design of the scheme of the prefabricated production base, the real-time experience feedback is obtained through simulating the production scene, the defects of modification and improvement of design of each party are further coordinated, finally, in the actual production process, risks can be greatly avoided, and the walking is less prone to walking.

2. Staff technical training

The traditional technical training is more dictated by managers or the experience of ancestors, and more practical exploration needs to be carried out by technicians in many times, so that the production quality of the industrial prefabricated part has uncertainty. By means of VR technology, the training technical points are emphatically displayed in VR, and an experiencer can know technical details of industrial construction more quickly through a simple anthropomorphic interaction system, can perform the training under an indoor environment, is comfortable in environment, and greatly improves interactive learning efficiency. Training is carried out in VR, actual training raw materials are saved, material cost is saved, and training cost of a teacher is saved.

3. Production quality and risk control

Because VR can truly simulate whole production process flow entirely, production managers can discover as early as possible the hidden quality danger and the risk point in the production process through the rehearsal of virtual reality equipment to whole production process flow. More importantly, the digital modeling is carried out by means of the BIM technology, so that the correction data can be completed in time while the simulation demonstration is carried out, and the correction effect is presented to the experience person in real time. Therefore, powerful technical support is provided for the establishment of a perfect quality management system and a perfect risk management and control system for enterprises.

4. Education of production safety

With the development of equipment technology, industrial construction greatly avoids a plurality of safety risks of traditional construction, but safety production is still the first major task of enterprises. The VR technology can enable a worker to feel a temporary specific scene of a safety accident in the scene, and if the worker is assisted with some hardware equipment, the effect is more vivid, so that an experiencer can feel serious consequences caused by misoperation in the production process more intuitively.

VR can also simulate the construction environment under some complicated weather, the topography condition, adds emergency, emergent training link in VR, lets experience person think how to take the optimal scheme to deal with when running into emergency to safety risk is avoided to the maximize in actual production.

5. Propaganda show

For industrial production enterprises, because production bases are far away and production line models cannot be carried about, in some technical communication activities, the display of the dominant technology or production management experience is inconvenient. The VR technology can effectively solve the problems, and enterprises can show the advantages of products and equipment to customers in an immersive experience mode at any place only by wearing VR glasses; meanwhile, a multifunctional exhibition hall can be added in VR, various achievements of enterprises are integrated, and important significance is brought to the propaganda of the enterprises.

The full life cycle comprehensive information management system of the prefabricated part of the lightweight BIM provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the system comprises a light weight BIM management module, a light weight BIM processing module, a light weight BIM data management module, a light weight BIM construction progress dynamic management module and a light weight BIM monitoring measurement module; the system is based on the processing of the light BIM, can accelerate the operation speed of a processing computer, reduce the consumption of a memory, has higher response speed, also improves the comprehensive information management level of the whole life cycle of the prefabricated part, improves the working efficiency, and reduces the error and rework probability caused by participation of multiple units.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. Lightweight BIM's prefabricated component full life cycle integrated information management system, its characterized in that includes:

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the light-weight BIM module comprises:

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the BIM lightweight processing module comprises:

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the light-weight BIM dynamic management module for construction progress comprises:

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the lightweight BIM monitoring and measuring module comprises:

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the information collection module transmits the collected information to the server side by using a GPRS wireless transmission module and a 433HZ wireless transparent transmission module.

7. The system for managing full-lifecycle integrated information of light-weight BIMs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the lightweight BIM module comprises:

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising: lightweight BIM virtual construction module combines virtual reality based on BIM, is applied to each aspect of tunnel construction, includes: the method comprises the steps of planning in the early stage of a prefabricated production base, actual production, transportation and field installation operation, and controlling production quality and risk links, education and training of staff technology and production safety, and propaganda and display of enterprises.