CN113721406A - Low-pumping-power quantum-associated light source device for quantum sensing - Google Patents
Low-pumping-power quantum-associated light source device for quantum sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113721406A CN113721406A CN202111001486.7A CN202111001486A CN113721406A CN 113721406 A CN113721406 A CN 113721406A CN 202111001486 A CN202111001486 A CN 202111001486A CN 113721406 A CN113721406 A CN 113721406A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3536—Four-wave interaction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/22—Gases
- H01S3/227—Metal vapour
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low pumping power quantum correlation light source device for quantum sensing, which mainly comprises a frequency-stabilized semiconductor laser, an optical isolator, a lambda/2 wave plate, a polarization beam splitter, an acousto-optic frequency shifter, a radio frequency driving source, a lambda/4 wave plate, a convex lens, a plane mirror, a coupling lens group, a hollow-core optical fiber atomic gas chamber, a Brewster polarizer, a Fabry-Perot cavity and an atomic dichroic beam splitter. The frequency stabilizing semiconductor laser, the acousto-optic frequency shifter and the hollow-core optical fiber atomic gas chamber are used for generating detection light and reference light with intensity quantum correlation; pump light is suppressed by using a Brewster polarizer and a Fabry-Perot cavity; finally, the spatially coincident probe light and reference light having the same polarization at a particular frequency difference are spatially split by an atomic dichroic beam splitter. The low-pumping-power quantum-associated light source device has the characteristics of low power consumption, compact structure and easy integration; has important application value in the fields of quantum sensing and precision measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of atomic molecular physics, quantum sensing and precision measurement, and particularly relates to a low-pumping-power quantum-associated light source device for quantum sensing.
Background
With the development of precision measurement physics and technology, quantum sensing using quantum-associated light sources to achieve sub-shot noise has received more and more attention. The light and the atom are generated by the interaction of the light and the atom, and the Quantum noise of the system can be effectively inhibited when the Quantum precision sensor is applied to the Quantum precision sensor, so that the measurement precision of Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) is obtained. Recently, techniques for enhancing quantum sensing by compressing light using intensity differences generated by atomic vapor Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) processes have been applied to the field of bio-measurement plasma sensors below the optical damage threshold, and micro-mechanical sensors that measure reactive noise over photon shot noise.
Four-wave mixing in atomic vapor is a third-order nonlinear optical effect, and uses the interaction of two or three light waves with specific frequency with atomic vapor to generate another two or one new frequency light wave, and the generation process needs higher (about several hundred mW magnitude) pumping light power [ C.F. McCormick et al, "stress low-frequency components from a source-wave-mixing amplifier", Phys.Rev.A. 78,043816(2008) ]. High power pump light is usually required to be provided by a bulky, power-consuming and expensive laser light source (e.g., a titanium-sapphire laser or a semiconductor laser amplifier), and thus is not conducive to miniaturization and integration of such quantum-associated light sources. The laser and the atoms are simultaneously bound in the hollow-core Optical fiber by adopting the hollow-core Optical fiber atomic gas chamber, so that the Optical Depth (OD) of the system can be improved by tens of times, the interaction of the light and the atoms is greatly enhanced [ P.S. Donvalkar et al ], "Continuous generation of rare vacuum in hollow-core photonic band fibers", and Opt.Lett.40,5379(2015) ], and therefore, the Optical fiber atomic gas chamber can be used for realizing a low pumping power quantum correlation light source based on atomic vapor four-wave mixing.
The pumping light, the detection light and the newly generated idle light which are generated through the four-wave mixing process in the hollow optical fiber atom air chamber and output through the hollow optical fiber coincide with each other in space, and the polarization directions of the signal light and the idle light are the same, so that the beam splitting can not be realized through a polarization beam splitting device. Aiming at the problem, the invention uses a high-fineness Fabry-Perot cavity and an atomic dichroic beam splitter based on an atomic Faraday anomalous dispersion effect to respectively realize the suppression of residual pump light and the beam splitting of signal light and idle light which have specific frequency difference, are overlapped in space and have the same polarization; and finally, outputting signal light and idle light with higher beam splitting suppression ratio by two ports of the quantum associated light source, wherein the signal light and the idle light are respectively used for detecting light and reference light of quantum sensing.
The invention provides a low-pumping-power quantum-associated light source device for quantum sensing, aiming at the problem that the conventional quantum-associated light source generally needs to use a high-power pumping source. The quantum-associated light source of the invention generates pumping light and signal light of atomic vapor four-wave mixing by a frequency-stabilized semiconductor laser and an acousto-optic frequency shifter, and generates idle light with new frequency in a hollow optical fiber atomic gas chamber filled with alkali metal atomic vapor through the four-wave mixing process; then, an atomic dichroic beam splitter based on a nonlinear magneto-optical effect is used for realizing spatial beam splitting of the signal light and the idle light, and the detection light and the reference light which are output by two ports of the quantum optical coupling light source are obtained; the differential detection by the detection light and the reference light with the intensity difference quantum correlation can realize the quantum sensing precision lower than the standard quantum limit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a device for realizing a quantum-associated light source with low pumping power for quantum sensing, which can be applied to the field of quantum sensing such as physics, biochemistry and the like which break through quantum noise limit, and comprises the following steps: extracting an extremely weak signal submerged by noise; measuring the micro displacement of the micro mechanical sensor; the magnetic sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer is improved; and the realization of ultrahigh resolution biological imaging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a low-pumping-power quantum-associated light source device for quantum sensing comprises a light source generating device and a hollow optical fiber atom air chamber, wherein the light source generating device is used for generating first combined light comprising pumping light and signal light, the hollow optical fiber atom air chamber comprises a first temperature control chamber, a first atom vapor chamber, a hollow optical fiber and a second atom vapor chamber which are sequentially arranged in the first temperature control chamber, two ends of the hollow optical fiber are respectively connected with the first atom vapor chamber and the second atom vapor chamber through optical fiber vacuum interpenetrators, the first combined light enters the first atom vapor chamber through a first coupling lens group, the first combined light generates idle light which is associated with the signal light in strength quantum through an atom vapor four-wave mixing process in the hollow optical fiber atom air chamber, and the second combined light emitted from the second atom vapor chamber comprises the pumping light, the signal light and the idle light.
The second combined beam of light is converted into collimated light after passing through the second coupling lens group and then enters the first brewster polarizer, the vertically polarized signal light and the idle light in the second combined beam of light are reflected by the first brewster polarizer, and the horizontally polarized pump light is absorbed by the second light blocking plate after being transmitted.
The signal light and the idle light reflected by the first Brewster polarizer are reflected by the fourth plane mirror, and then sequentially pass through a Fabry-Perot cavity (used for inhibiting residual pump light) and an alkali metal atom vapor bubble in the second temperature control chamber and then enter the second Brewster polarizer, a solenoid used for generating a uniform magnetic field along the axial direction of the alkali metal atom vapor bubble is arranged outside the second temperature control chamber, and the signal light and the idle light are separated by the second Brewster polarizer.
The light source generating device comprises a frequency-stabilized semiconductor laser, wherein emergent laser of the frequency-stabilized semiconductor laser sequentially passes through an optical isolator and a first lambda/2 wave plate and then enters a first polarization beam splitter, the first polarization beam splitter divides the laser entering from the first lambda/2 wave plate into first transmission light and first reflection light, the first reflection light is absorbed by a first light barrier, the first transmission light is focused by a first convex lens and then enters an acousto-optic frequency shifter, and the acousto-optic frequency shifter generates Bragg diffraction on the laser under the action of a radio-frequency driving source to generate 0-level light and 1-level light respectively; wherein the 0-level light is incident to the second polarization beam splitter through the second convex lens and the second lambda/2 wave plate to serve as pump light; the 1-level light passes through the third convex lens and the lambda/4 wave plate along the diffraction angle direction, is reflected by the first plane reflector, returns to the first polarization beam splitter along the original path and is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light sequentially passes through the second plane reflector, the third lambda/2 wave plate and the third plane reflector, then enters the second polarization beam splitter as signal light and is combined with the pump entering the second polarization beam splitter to obtain first combined beam light.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method comprises the steps that a frequency-stabilized semiconductor laser and an acoustic-optical frequency shifter are adopted to generate signal light and pumping light, and the signal light and the pumping light are coupled to enter a hollow-core optical fiber atom gas chamber to enhance the interaction of the light and atoms, so that the atomic vapor four-wave frequency mixing process of low-power laser pumping is realized;
2. aiming at the beam splitting problem of signal light and idle light which are generated in a hollow optical fiber atom gas chamber in an atom vapor four-wave mixing process and output through a hollow optical fiber, are overlapped in space and have the same polarization, a high-fineness Fabry-Perot cavity and an atom dichroic beam splitter are adopted to realize the spatial beam splitting of the signal light and the idle light with specific frequency difference, and a high beam splitting suppression ratio can be obtained;
3. the pumping source is a frequency stabilized semiconductor laser (the output power is about 40mW), and compared with the scheme adopting a titanium sapphire laser or a semiconductor laser amplifier, the pump has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption and low price;
4. the signal light and the pump light of the atomic vapor four-wave mixing are generated by the same laser source, and system noise caused by power fluctuation of different laser sources can be eliminated;
5. compact structure, easy operation are favorable to realizing the miniaturization and the integration of device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1-frequency stabilizing semiconductor laser, 2-optical isolator, 3-first lambda/2 wave plate, 4-first polarization beam splitter, 5-first light barrier, 6-first convex lens, 7-acousto-optic frequency shifter, 8-radio frequency driving source, 9-second convex lens, 10-second lambda/2 wave plate, 11-second polarization beam splitter, 12-third convex lens, 13-lambda/4 wave plate, 14-first plane reflector, 15-second plane reflector, 16-third lambda/2 wave plate, 17-third plane reflector, 18-first coupling lens group, 19-first atom vapor chamber, 20-hollow fiber, 21-second atom vapor chamber, 22-fiber vacuum through device, 23-first temperature control chamber, 24-a second coupling lens group, 25-a first brewster polarizer, 26-a second light blocking plate, 27-a fourth plane mirror, 28-a fabry-perot cavity, 29-a solenoid, 30-a second temperature-controlled chamber, 31-a vapor bubble of an alkali metal atom, 32-a second brewster polarizer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and practice the invention, it being understood that the examples described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only and the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.
In this embodiment, the first atomic vapor chamber 19, the second atomic vapor chamber 21, and the alkali metal atomic vapor bubble 31 are filled with natural rubidium atoms, respectively.
The frequency stabilized semiconductor laser 1 generates laser light with 795nm wavelength and power of about 40mW, and a frequency stabilizing unit based on atomic spectrum is integrated in the frequency stabilized semiconductor laser, and the laser frequency corresponds to rubidium-85 atoms D1 line F ═ 3 → F' ═ 3 transition blue detuning of about 0.6 GHz. Emergent laser of the frequency stabilization semiconductor laser 1 sequentially passes through the optical isolator 2 and the first lambda/2 wave plate 3 and then enters the first polarization beam splitter 4, and the optical isolator 2 is used for reducing optical feedback disturbance. The power of the transmitted light of the first polarization beam splitter 4 is adjusted by means of the first lambda/2 plate 3.
The first polarization beam splitter 4 divides the laser incident from the first lambda/2 wave plate 3 into a first transmission light and a first reflection light, the first reflection light is shielded by a first light barrier 5, the first transmission light is incident to the acousto-optic frequency shifter 7 after being focused by the first convex lens 6, and the acousto-optic frequency shifter 7 generates Bragg diffraction on the laser under the action of the radio frequency driving source 8 to generate 0-level light and 1-level light respectively; wherein, the 0-level light is incident to the second polarization beam splitter 11 through the second convex lens 9 and the second lambda/2 wave plate 10 and is used as the pumping light of the quantum associated light source; the 1-level light passes through the third convex lens 12 and the lambda/4 wave plate 13 along the diffraction angle direction, is reflected by the first plane mirror 14, returns to the first polarization beam splitter 4 along the original path, is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 4 to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light sequentially passes through the second plane mirror 15, the third lambda/2 wave plate 16 and the third plane mirror 17, is incident on the second polarization beam splitter 11 to serve as signal light of atomic vapor four-wave mixing and is combined with pump light incident on the second polarization beam splitter 11 to obtain first combined light.
The first coupling lens group 18 and the second coupling lens group 24 have the same construction and each include a high numerical aperture aspheric lens and a multi-dimensional fine adjustment stage for coupling the first combined beam light into the hollow fiber atom gas cell. The first combined beam light (including pump light and signal light) output by the second polarization beam splitter 11 passes through the first coupling lens group 18 and then the laser beam waist diameter is focused to less than 10 μm and coupled into the hollow-core fiber atom gas chamber.
The hollow-core optical fiber atomic gas chamber comprises: a first temperature control chamber 23, and a first atomic vapor chamber 19, a hollow optical fiber 20, a second atomic vapor chamber 21, and an optical fiber vacuum feedthrough 22 which are provided in the first temperature control chamber 23 in this order. The hollow-core optical fiber 20 is a hollow-core photonic crystal band gap fiber (NKT photonic, HC-800), is 5-15 cm long, and is respectively connected to the first atomic vapor chamber 19 and the second atomic vapor chamber 21 at two sides through the optical fiber vacuum feedthrough 22. The first atomic vapor chamber 19 and the second atomic vapor chamber 21 are respectively connected with an alkali metal rubidium source and a vacuum molecular pump (not shown in figure 1), and the internal vacuum is lower than 10 DEG-6Pa, rubidium atoms enter the hollow core fiber interior by diffusion from the first atom vapor chamber 19 and the second atom vapor chamber 21. The hollow optical fiber atomic gas chamber is arranged in the first temperature control chamber 23 to maintain a certain atomic number density; the first temperature control chamber 23 adopts a gradient temperature control mode, and the temperature of the first atomic vapor chamber 19 and the second atomic vapor chamber 21 is higher than that of the hollow-core optical fiber 20 so as to increase the diffusion speed of atoms to the inside of the hollow-core optical fiber. The first combined beam is incident into a first atom vapor chamber 19 via a first coupling lens group 18Idle light with intensity quantum correlation with the signal light is generated in the hollow-core optical fiber atomic gas chamber through an atomic vapor four-wave mixing process, second beam combination light emitted from the second atomic vapor chamber 21 comprises pump light, signal light and idle light, the pump light, the signal light and the idle light in the second beam combination light are overlapped in space, the pump light is horizontally polarized, and the signal light and the idle light are vertically polarized. The second combined beam of light passes through the second coupling lens group 24 and becomes collimated light, and then enters the first brewster polarizer 25. The vertically polarized signal light and the idle light in the second combined beam are reflected by the first brewster polarizer 25, and the horizontally polarized pump light is transmitted and absorbed by the second light blocking plate 26.
The signal light and the idle light reflected by the first brewster polarizer 25 are reflected by the fourth plane mirror 27, then sequentially pass through the fabry-perot cavity 28 and the alkali metal atom vapor bubble 31 in the second temperature control chamber 30, and then enter the second brewster polarizer 32, and a solenoid 29 for generating a uniform magnetic field along the axial direction of the alkali metal atom vapor bubble 31 is arranged outside the second temperature control chamber 30; different polarization rotation angles are generated for the signal light and the idle light with specific frequency intervals by utilizing the Faraday anomalous dispersion effect near the resonance frequency of the alkali metal atoms, and the signal light and the idle light are separated by the second Brewster polarizer 32 and are respectively output through the first output end a and the second output end b and are respectively used for the detection light and the reference light of the quantum sensing.
The first Brewster's polarizer 25 has an extinction ratio of about 1061, so that most of the pump light is transmitted and absorbed by the second light blocking plate 26. The fabry-perot cavity 28 is used to eliminate the residual pump light in the reflected beam by adjusting the spacing between the spherical mirrors in the cavity to make the free spectral range equal to the difference in frequency between the signal light and the idle light of 3.04GHz (corresponding to the hyperfine splitting frequency of the rubidium-85 atomic ground state).
The first brewster polarizer 25, the solenoid 29, the second temperature-controlled chamber 30, the rubidium atom vapor bubble 31 and the second brewster polarizer 32 together constitute an atomic dichroic beam splitter for spatially splitting signal light and idle light having the same polarization and a frequency separation of 3.04 GHz. The temperature of rubidium atom steam in the alkali metal atom steam bubble 31 is set in the range of 70-120 ℃ by using a precise temperature controller, and the intensity of the magnetic field applied along the light propagation direction is controlled by changing the current value fed into the solenoid 29. Appropriate temperature and magnetic field strength parameter combinations are set so that signal light and idle light are output from a first output end a and a second output end b of the second brewster polarizer 32, respectively, for the detection light and the reference light of quantum sensing, respectively.
The two photodetectors are used for measuring the output light of the first output end a and the output light of the second output end b respectively, the two photodetectors are used for measuring the obtained electric signals, and the electric signals are input into the spectrum analyzer after being differentiated, and the measured system noise is lower than a standard quantum limit (namely, the noise spectrum obtained by measurement is lower than the noise spectrum of coherent light with the output power equal to the sum of the first output end a and the second output end b). Therefore, the intensity difference compressed light output by the first output end a and the second output end b of the quantum correlated light source is suitable for quantum sensing application which breaks through quantum noise limit.
It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A low pumping power quantum association light source device for quantum sensing comprises a light source generating device for generating a first beam combination light containing pumping light and signal light, and is characterized by further comprising a hollow optical fiber atom air chamber, wherein the hollow optical fiber atom air chamber is composed of a first temperature control chamber (23), a first atom vapor chamber (19), a hollow optical fiber (20) and a second atom vapor chamber (21) which are sequentially arranged in the first temperature control chamber (23), two ends of the hollow optical fiber (20) are respectively connected with the first atom vapor chamber (19) and the second atom vapor chamber (21) through optical fiber vacuum interpenetrators (22), the first beam combination light enters the first atom vapor chamber (19) through a first coupling lens group (18), the first beam combination light generates idle light which is associated with the signal light in intensity quantum through an atom vapor four-wave mixing process in the hollow optical fiber atom air chamber, the second beam combining light emitted from the second atomic vapor chamber (21) includes pump light, signal light, and idle light.
2. A low pump power quantum coherent light source device for quantum sensing according to claim 1, wherein said second combined beam of light passes through said second coupling lens group (24) to become collimated light incident on said first brewster polarizer (25), vertically polarized signal light and idle light in said second combined beam of light are reflected by said first brewster polarizer (25), and horizontally polarized pump light is transmitted and absorbed by said second light blocking plate (26).
3. The quantum correlated light source device with low pump power for quantum sensing according to claim 2, wherein the signal light and the idle light reflected by the first brewster polarizer (25) are reflected by the fourth plane mirror (27), and then enter the second brewster polarizer (32) after passing through the fabry-perot cavity (28) and the alkali metal atom vapor bubble (31) in the second temperature controlled chamber (30) in sequence, the solenoid (29) for generating the uniform magnetic field along the axial direction of the alkali metal atom vapor bubble (31) is disposed outside the second temperature controlled chamber (30), and the signal light and the idle light are separated by the second brewster polarizer (32).
4. The quantum correlated light source device with low pumping power for quantum sensing according to claim 3, wherein the light source generating device comprises a frequency stabilized semiconductor laser (1), the emitted laser of the frequency stabilized semiconductor laser (1) passes through an optical isolator (2) and a first λ/2 wave plate (3) in sequence and then enters a first polarization beam splitter (4), the first polarization beam splitter (4) splits the laser entering from the first λ/2 wave plate (3) into a first transmitted light and a first reflected light, the first reflected light is absorbed by a first light barrier (5), the first transmitted light is focused by a first convex lens (6) and then enters an acousto-optic frequency shifter (7), the acousto-optic frequency shifter (7) generates Bragg diffraction on the laser under the action of a radio frequency driving source (8) and generates 0-level light and 1-level light respectively; wherein 0-order light is incident to a second polarization beam splitter (11) through a second convex lens (9) and a second lambda/2 wave plate (10) to be used as pumping light; the 1-level light passes through a third convex lens (12) and a lambda/4 wave plate (13) along the diffraction angle direction, is reflected by a first plane reflector (14), returns to a first polarization beam splitter (4) along the original path and is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter (4) to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light sequentially passes through a second plane reflector (15), a third lambda/2 wave plate (16) and a third plane reflector (17), then enters a second polarization beam splitter (11) to be used as signal light and is combined with pump light entering the second polarization beam splitter (11) to obtain first combined light.
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