CN113721231A - X-frequency range finding signal forwarding system for deep space exploration - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-frequency range finding signal forwarding system for deep space exploration, which is used for receiving an X-frequency range uplink ranging signal of a ground station, obtaining a baseband ranging tone signal through coherent demodulation, directly carrying out phase modulation forwarding on the obtained ranging tone signal in the X-frequency range, and completing the ranging function of a deep space detector by matching with the ground station. The frequency range of the used distance measurement sound signal is 16 kHz-500 kHz, the distance measurement sound signal is modulated on an X-band carrier wave in a phase modulation mode, the system is completely realized by analog components and comprises a phase-locked loop, a coherent demodulator, an intermediate frequency filter, a temperature compensation attenuator, a phase modulator, a side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier and the like, the amplitude fluctuation of the distance measurement sound signal is considered to be caused by the environment temperature fluctuation, and the amplitude fluctuation compensation needs to be carried out on the distance measurement sound signal obtained by demodulation so as to reduce the fluctuation range of the modulation degree of a downlink signal. The ranging bandwidth is changed by adjusting the operational amplifier gain so as to meet the interface index of the ground station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of low-frequency signal temperature compensation design, in particular to an X-frequency range ranging signal forwarding system for deep space exploration.
Background
At present, a side tone ranging mode is basically adopted in deep space exploration in China, the distance is far considered, in order to improve the ranging precision, the frequency of a side tone signal received by a transponder is from 16kHz to 500kHz, and compared with the highest 100kHz side tone frequency ranging bandwidth of a near-earth orbit satellite, the bandwidth is increased. The method is characterized in that the deep space exploration transponders in China all adopt a unified measurement and control system, a ground station loads side tone signals on uplink carriers in a phase modulation mode, the transponders receive and demodulate the side tone signals and forward the side tone signals in a downlink mode through phase modulation, a ground station receives the phase relationship of the side tones demodulated by downlink side tones, and the relative distance between a detector and the ground station is calculated.
The method for measuring distance needs to face two technical difficulties, one is that in the process of high and low temperature change, the gain of an internal receiving link of the responder has certain change, the change can affect the amplitude of the obtained baseband distance measuring sound signal, the amplitude of the signal is larger at low temperature and lower at high temperature generally, and further the modulation degree of a sidetone signal fluctuates in the process of downlink forwarding, and a technical means is needed to control the fluctuation range so that the signal meets the interface index requirement of a ground station. On the other hand, the deep space exploration system has strict index requirements on the bandwidth of the ranging channel, and if the current lunar exploration task requires that the index of the bandwidth of the ranging channel is 2.2MHz +/-30 kHz in the full temperature range, the accurate and stable filter bandwidth index is difficult to realize only by a conventional LC or acoustic surface filter.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an X-band ranging signal forwarding system for deep space exploration, which can control the modulation fluctuation of a downlink ranging signal received and forwarded by a deep space measurement and control transponder within a small range, and can more accurately control the bandwidth of a downlink ranging channel through simple debugging.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the utility model provides a deep space is surveyed with X frequency channel range finding signal repeating system, includes that X frequency channel down converter, first merit divide ware, intermediate frequency phase-locked loop, intermediate frequency filter, second merit divide ware, intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator, coherent demodulator, X frequency channel frequency multiplier, range finding bandwidth adjusting circuit, X frequency channel phase modulator, side sound signal temperature compensation amplifier and X frequency channel amplifier, wherein:
the output end of the X-band down converter is connected with the first power divider and used for down-converting an X-band ranging uplink signal to an intermediate frequency of about 10 MHz;
the input end of the first power divider is connected with the X-frequency band down converter, and the output end of the first power divider is respectively connected with the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop and the intermediate frequency filter and is used for dividing an input signal into two paths to be respectively output to the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop and the intermediate frequency filter;
the input end of the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is connected with the first power divider, the output end of the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is connected with the second power divider, the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is used for phase-locking an input intermediate frequency signal, and the frequency of an output voltage-controlled crystal oscillator signal is the same as that of the input intermediate frequency signal;
the input end of the second power divider is connected with the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop, and the output end of the second power divider is respectively connected with the coherent demodulator and the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier and is used for dividing an input signal into two paths to be respectively output to the coherent demodulator and the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier;
the input end of the intermediate frequency filter is connected with the first power divider, and the output end of the intermediate frequency filter is connected with the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator and is used for filtering out signals outside a passband and designing the bandwidth to be four to five times of the highest side tone;
the input end of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is connected with the intermediate frequency filter, the output end of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is connected with the coherent demodulator, and the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is used for compensating high and low temperature gain fluctuation of a receiver link through the fact that the attenuation value of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is inversely proportional to the temperature;
the input end of the coherent demodulator is respectively connected with the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator and the second power divider, and the output end of the coherent demodulator is connected with the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit and is used for demodulating the modulation signal by adopting a coherent method;
the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit consists of an operational amplifier, the input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the coherent demodulator, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier and is used for changing the ranging bandwidth by adjusting the gain of the operational amplifier;
the input end of the X-frequency band frequency multiplier is connected with the second power divider, and the output end of the X-frequency band frequency multiplier is connected with the X-frequency band phase modulator and used for multiplying the frequency of an input signal to an X-frequency band;
the input end of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is connected with the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit, and the output end of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is connected with the X-band phase modulator and used for carrying out temperature compensation amplification on the amplitude of the side tone signal;
the input end of the X-frequency-band phase modulator is respectively connected with the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier and the side-tone signal temperature compensation amplifier, and the output end of the X-frequency-band phase modulator is connected with the X-frequency-band amplifier and is used for directly carrying out phase modulation on the side-tone signal in an X frequency band;
the input end of the X-band amplifier is connected with the X-band phase modulator and used for amplifying the amplitude of the X-band signal to form an X-band ranging downlink signal.
Preferably, the frequency range of the side-tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is 16kHz to 500kHz, and the side-tone signal is modulated on an X-band carrier wave by a phase modulation method.
Further, the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier performs temperature compensation amplification on the side tone signal, so that the low-temperature gain is reduced, and the high-temperature gain is increased.
Further, the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier comprises a thermistor and a first operational amplifier, the thermistor is equivalent to be connected in series to the input end of the first operational amplifier, the thermistor has a negative temperature coefficient, and the bandwidth of the first operational amplifier is not lower than 10 MHz.
Preferably, the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency filter is four to five times of the highest side tone, and 2.4MHz is taken.
Further, the ranging bandwidth of the downlink signal is adjusted by the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit, and the ranging bandwidth of the downlink signal is 2.2 MHz.
Furthermore, the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit is composed of a second operational amplifier, the bandwidth gain product of the second operational amplifier is not less than 2.5MHz and not more than 5MHz, and the bandwidth of the second operational amplifier can be adjusted by adjusting the gain of the second operational amplifier.
Furthermore, the side tone signal amplified by the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is directly subjected to phase modulation on the X-frequency phase modulator, and the X-frequency phase modulator is realized by an analog phase shifter.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. the invention relates to an X-band ranging signal forwarding system for deep space exploration, which is characterized in that an X-band ranging uplink signal is down-converted to an intermediate frequency of about 10MHz through a down converter, phase locking and coherent demodulation are completed at the intermediate frequency to obtain a ranging sound signal, an intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is designed to properly compensate link gain, the fluctuation range of a baseband ranging sound signal is reduced, a temperature compensation amplifier is adopted to compensate the amplitude of the side sound signal again, the side sound modulation degree of downlink forwarding in a high-temperature and low-temperature environment is in a stable state, and the temperature compensation amplifier is composed of a thermistor, an operational amplifier and the like and has the advantages of simple design, low cost, reliable circuit and the like. The characteristic that the bandwidth gain product of the operational amplifier is constant is utilized, the ranging passband bandwidth can be changed by adjusting the operational amplifier gain, so that the ranging passband bandwidth is in a more accurate range, basically does not change along with the temperature, and has extremely high temperature stability.
2. All components adopted by the invention are analog components, software algorithm is not involved, and the invention has the advantages of simple design, low cost, reliable circuit and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an X-band ranging signal forwarding system for deep space exploration according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplification of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a structure of an X-band distance-measuring signal forwarding system for deep space exploration, as shown in fig. 1, the receiver includes an X-band down converter, a first power divider, an intermediate frequency phase-locked loop, an intermediate frequency filter, a second power divider, an intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator, a coherent demodulator, an X-band frequency multiplier, a distance-measuring bandwidth adjusting circuit, an X-band phase modulator, a side-tone signal temperature compensation amplifier, and an X-band amplifier, the connection relationship of the constituent units is shown in fig. 1, and the functions of the main modules are as follows:
the output end of the X-band down converter is connected with the first power divider and used for down-converting an X-band ranging uplink signal to an intermediate frequency of about 10 MHz;
the input end of the first power divider is connected with the X-frequency band down converter, and the output end of the first power divider is respectively connected with the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop and the intermediate frequency filter and is used for dividing an input signal into two paths to be respectively output to the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop and the intermediate frequency filter;
the input end of the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is connected with the first power divider, the output end of the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is connected with the second power divider, the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is used for phase-locking an input intermediate frequency signal, and the frequency of an output voltage-controlled crystal oscillator signal is the same as that of the input intermediate frequency signal;
the input end of the second power divider is connected with the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop, and the output end of the second power divider is respectively connected with the coherent demodulator and the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier and is used for dividing an input signal into two paths to be respectively output to the coherent demodulator and the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier;
the input end of the intermediate frequency filter is connected with the first power divider, and the output end of the intermediate frequency filter is connected with the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator and is used for filtering out signals outside a pass band and designing a 1dB bandwidth to be four to five times of the highest side tone;
the input end of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is connected with the intermediate frequency filter, the output end of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is connected with the coherent demodulator, and the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is used for compensating high and low temperature gain fluctuation of a receiver link through the fact that the attenuation value of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is inversely proportional to the temperature;
the input end of the coherent demodulator is respectively connected with the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator and the second power divider, and the output end of the coherent demodulator is connected with the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit and is used for demodulating the modulation signal by adopting a coherent method;
the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit consists of an operational amplifier, the input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the coherent demodulator, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier and is used for changing the ranging bandwidth by adjusting the gain of the operational amplifier;
the input end of the X-frequency band frequency multiplier is connected with the second power divider, and the output end of the X-frequency band frequency multiplier is connected with the X-frequency band phase modulator and used for multiplying the frequency of an input signal to an X-frequency band;
the input end of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is connected with the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit, and the output end of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is connected with the X-band phase modulator and used for carrying out temperature compensation amplification on the amplitude of the side tone signal;
the input end of the X-frequency-band phase modulator is respectively connected with the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier and the side-tone signal temperature compensation amplifier, and the output end of the X-frequency-band phase modulator is connected with the X-frequency-band amplifier and is used for directly carrying out phase modulation on the side-tone signal in an X frequency band;
the input end of the X-band amplifier is connected with the X-band phase modulator and used for amplifying the amplitude of the X-band signal to form an X-band ranging downlink signal.
Preferably, the frequency range of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is 16kHz to 500kHz, the side tone signal is modulated on an X-band carrier wave by a phase modulation mode, and the required ranging channel bandwidth is 2.2MHz ± 30 kHz.
Further, the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier performs temperature compensation amplification on the side tone signal, so that the low-temperature gain is reduced, and the high-temperature gain is increased.
Further, the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier comprises a thermistor and a first operational amplifier, the thermistor is equivalent to be connected in series to the input end of the first operational amplifier, the thermistor has a negative temperature coefficient, and the bandwidth of the first operational amplifier is not lower than 10 MHz.
The side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is shown in fig. 2, and preferably, the first operational amplifier is selected from a high speed current type, such as AD844 of AD corporation. Preferably, the resistor R1 is a thermistor of type MF501, and has a resistance of about 5K Ω (large low-temperature resistance and small high-temperature resistance) at normal temperature, the resistor R2 is 100K Ω, the resistor R3 is 51K Ω, the resistors R4 and R6 are 51K Ω, the resistor R5 is a gain adjustment end of the circuit, an appropriate resistance is selected according to the required downlink modulation degree, and the resistor R7 is 100 Ω.
Preferably, the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency filter is four to five times of the highest side tone, the bandwidth is about 2.4MHz, and the precision is not lower than 5%. In this embodiment, the intermediate frequency filter is an LC filter.
Further, the ranging bandwidth of the downlink signal is adjusted by the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit, and the ranging bandwidth of the downlink signal is 2.2 MHz. The ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit is composed of a second operational amplifier, the bandwidth gain product of the second operational amplifier is not less than 2.5MHz and not more than 5MHz, the bandwidth of the second operational amplifier can be adjusted by adjusting the gain of the second operational amplifier, and the gain of the second operational amplifier is controlled within the range of 1-2 times. In this embodiment, the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit is similar to that shown in fig. 2, the operational amplifier is selected to be 7F353, the product of the gain bandwidth is about 4MHz, the gain of the operational amplifier is adjusted to be 1-2 times, the bandwidth of the ranging channel can be accurately adjusted, and the ranging bandwidth basically does not change with the temperature.
Further, the side tone signal amplified by the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is directly subjected to phase modulation on the X-frequency-band phase modulator, the X-frequency-band phase modulator is realized by an analog phase shifter, and HMC-010 of Hittite company can be selected.
The components used in the design method are all analog components, the X-band ranging uplink signal is down-converted to the intermediate frequency of about 10MHz through the down converter, phase locking and coherent demodulation are completed at the intermediate frequency to obtain a ranging sound signal, the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is designed to properly compensate link gain, the fluctuation range of the baseband ranging sound signal is reduced, the temperature compensation amplifier is adopted to compensate the amplitude of the side sound signal again, the side sound modulation degree of downlink forwarding in a high-temperature and low-temperature environment is enabled to be in a stable state, and the temperature compensation amplifier is composed of a thermistor, an operational amplifier and the like.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a deep space is surveyed with X frequency channel range finding signal repeating system, its characterized in that, includes X frequency channel down converter, first merit divides ware, intermediate frequency phase-locked loop, intermediate frequency filter, second merit divides ware, intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator, coherent demodulator, X frequency channel frequency multiplier, range finding bandwidth adjusting circuit, X frequency channel phase modulator, side sound signal temperature compensation amplifier and X frequency channel amplifier, wherein:
the output end of the X-band down converter is connected with the first power divider and used for down-converting an X-band ranging uplink signal to an intermediate frequency of about 10 MHz;
the input end of the first power divider is connected with the X-frequency band down converter, and the output end of the first power divider is respectively connected with the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop and the intermediate frequency filter and is used for dividing an input signal into two paths to be respectively output to the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop and the intermediate frequency filter;
the input end of the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is connected with the first power divider, the output end of the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is connected with the second power divider, the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop is used for phase-locking an input intermediate frequency signal, and the frequency of an output voltage-controlled crystal oscillator signal is the same as that of the input intermediate frequency signal;
the input end of the second power divider is connected with the intermediate frequency phase-locked loop, and the output end of the second power divider is respectively connected with the coherent demodulator and the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier and is used for dividing an input signal into two paths to be respectively output to the coherent demodulator and the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier;
the input end of the intermediate frequency filter is connected with the first power divider, and the output end of the intermediate frequency filter is connected with the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator and is used for filtering out signals outside a passband and designing the bandwidth to be four to five times of the highest side tone;
the input end of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is connected with the intermediate frequency filter, the output end of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is connected with the coherent demodulator, and the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is used for compensating high and low temperature gain fluctuation of a receiver link through the fact that the attenuation value of the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator is inversely proportional to the temperature;
the input end of the coherent demodulator is respectively connected with the intermediate frequency temperature compensation attenuator and the second power divider, and the output end of the coherent demodulator is connected with the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit and is used for demodulating the modulation signal by adopting a coherent method;
the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit consists of an operational amplifier, the input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the coherent demodulator, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier and is used for changing the ranging bandwidth by adjusting the gain of the operational amplifier;
the input end of the X-frequency band frequency multiplier is connected with the second power divider, and the output end of the X-frequency band frequency multiplier is connected with the X-frequency band phase modulator and used for multiplying the frequency of an input signal to an X-frequency band;
the input end of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is connected with the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit, and the output end of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is connected with the X-band phase modulator and used for carrying out temperature compensation amplification on the amplitude of the side tone signal;
the input end of the X-frequency-band phase modulator is respectively connected with the X-frequency-band frequency multiplier and the side-tone signal temperature compensation amplifier, and the output end of the X-frequency-band phase modulator is connected with the X-frequency-band amplifier and is used for directly carrying out phase modulation on the side-tone signal in an X frequency band;
the input end of the X-band amplifier is connected with the X-band phase modulator and used for amplifying the amplitude of the X-band signal to form an X-band ranging downlink signal.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the frequency range of the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is 16kHz to 500kHz, and the side tone signal is modulated on the X-band carrier wave by a phase modulation method.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier performs temperature compensation amplification on the side tone signal, so that the low temperature gain is smaller and the high temperature gain is larger.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the side-tone signal temperature compensation amplifier comprises a thermistor and a first operational amplifier, the thermistor is equivalently connected in series to an input end of the first operational amplifier, the thermistor has a negative temperature coefficient, and a bandwidth of the first operational amplifier is not lower than 10 MHz.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the bandwidth of the if filter is four to five times of the highest sidetone, which is 2.4 MHz.
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit adjusts a downlink signal ranging bandwidth, and the downlink signal ranging bandwidth is 2.2 MHz.
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the ranging bandwidth adjusting circuit comprises a second operational amplifier, the bandwidth gain product of the second operational amplifier is not less than 2.5MHz and not more than 5MHz, and the bandwidth of the second operational amplifier can be adjusted by adjusting the gain of the second operational amplifier.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the side tone signal amplified by the side tone signal temperature compensation amplifier is directly phase-modulated on the X-band phase modulator, and the X-band phase modulator is implemented by an analog phase shifter.
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