CN113720808A - Multi-element optical element design method and multi-element optical element - Google Patents
Multi-element optical element design method and multi-element optical element Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multivariate optical element design method and a multivariate optical element, wherein the multivariate optical element design method comprises the steps of obtaining a spectral data set of a substance to be detected; inputting the spectral data set into a pre-trained multiple regression correction model to obtain ideal regression precision and regression vectors; selecting two optical filter combinations from the plurality of liquid crystal tunable optical filters, and obtaining an actual voltage value and an actual regression precision according to the transmittance function and the regression vector; and selecting the optimal actual regression precision according to the ideal regression precision and the preset error range, and combining the actual voltage value and the optical filter to obtain a final multivariate optical element design result. The invention determines the initial value of the liquid crystal voltage by utilizing the regression vector, obtains the final design result according to the actual regression precision, quickly and accurately finds the optical filter combination and the voltage value with the best detection effect on the substance to be detected, and solves the problems of complex process and high difficulty of the design result of the existing multivariate optical element.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular, to a method for designing a multivariate optical element and a multivariate optical element.
Background
In order to realize regression analysis and detection of a substance to be detected, light reflected from the surface of the substance to be detected is generally incident to a polarization beam splitter, one of two divided polarized lights passes through a liquid crystal tunable filter 1, and the other polarized light passes through a liquid crystal tunable filter 2; and then two beams of light are recombined through the polarization beam splitter and imaged to two areas of the area array detector, the required target information is extracted by subtracting the images of the two areas, the image subtraction is equivalent to the transmittance function subtraction between two coordinatable liquid crystal optical filters, namely, the multivariate regression calculation is realized, the two liquid crystal tunable optical filters form a multivariate optical element, and the detection of different substances to be detected can be realized by using the liquid crystal tunable optical filters with different stages and configuring different voltages for the liquid crystal tunable optical filters in a manner of adjusting the transmittances of the liquid crystal tunable optical filters.
However, when the substance to be detected is detected, two groups of liquid crystal tunable filters need to be used, which requires temporary combination, assembly and allocation of the liquid crystal tunable filters, which is very inconvenient, and in the using process, resource waste is also caused to a certain extent when the two liquid crystal tunable filters are respectively subjected to temperature and voltage control; furthermore, the thickness of the single-stage liquid crystal tunable optical filter is large, the conventional stage number is within 10, the two most suitable liquid crystal tunable optical filters are not easy to select for combination, and if the finally formed transmittance curve is obviously different from the actual regression vector of the substance to be detected, the final detection result is influenced.
In summary, the liquid crystal tunable filter in the prior art has the problems that the optimal combination is not easy to select and the assembly is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a multivariate optical element and a multivariate optical element, so as to solve the problems of difficulty in selecting an optimal combination and difficulty in assembling a liquid crystal tunable filter in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a multivariate optical element design method, comprising:
acquiring a spectral data set of a substance to be detected;
inputting the spectrum data set into a pre-trained multiple regression correction model to obtain ideal regression precision and regression vectors;
combining the liquid crystal tunable optical filters in pairs to obtain an optical filter combination;
selecting two optical filter combinations from the optical filter combinations, and processing the optical filter combinations according to the corresponding transmittance functions and the regression vectors to obtain actual voltage values and corresponding actual regression precision;
and selecting the optimal actual regression precision according to the ideal regression precision and a preset error range, and combining the corresponding actual voltage value and the optical filter as a final multivariate optical element design result.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of inputting the spectrum data set into a pre-trained multiple regression correction model to obtain an ideal regression accuracy and a regression vector includes:
inputting the spectral data set into the multiple regression correction model to obtain a corresponding predicted concentration value;
according to an actual concentration value prestored in the substance to be detected, taking the probability that the predicted concentration value accords with the actual concentration value as the ideal regression precision;
and dividing the spectral data set by the corresponding predicted concentration value to obtain the regression vector.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of processing to obtain the actual voltage value and the corresponding actual regression precision according to the transmittance function and the regression vector corresponding to any two combinations of the filters includes:
constructing a loss function:
wherein, thetaa，θbRepresenting the voltage values of two liquid crystal tunable filters in one filter combination; thetac，θdRepresenting the voltage values of two liquid crystal tunable filters in another filter combination; f represents a transmittance function;
represents the regression vector, and xiRepresenting the ith spectral vector, y, in the spectral data setiA predicted concentration value representing an ith spectral vector; n represents the total number of spectral vectors in the spectral data set;
taking the voltage value corresponding to the minimum loss function value as an actual initial voltage value;
and calculating to obtain a descending distance according to the actual initial voltage value:
wherein, alpha represents a preset iteration step length;
respectively representing initial voltage values corresponding to four liquid crystal tunable filters in the two filter combinations;
respectively representing the actual initial voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable filters
Voltage values of t iteration steps are superposed on the basis of the first step voltage; wherein q, w, e, r respectively represent the actual initial voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable filters within the preset voltage variation range
The maximum value of the iteration step length which can be superposed on the basis of the step length;
judging whether D is smaller than a preset distance threshold value;
if yes, (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) The actual voltage value is obtained;
if not, the following formula is adopted to carry out (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) And calculating the step-down distance again until the actual voltage value is obtained:
wherein: (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) ' is the updated voltage value;
and processing to obtain actual regression accuracy corresponding to the actual voltage value according to the spectral data set and the transmittance function.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of processing to obtain the actual regression accuracy corresponding to the actual voltage value according to the spectral data set and the transmittance function includes:
calculating actual transmittance corresponding to each group of actual voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters according to the transmittance function;
for each of the actual voltage values:
multiplying the spectral data set by the corresponding actual transmittance to obtain an estimated concentration value;
and taking the probability that the estimated concentration value accords with the actual concentration value as the actual regression precision.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of selecting an optimal actual regression accuracy according to the ideal regression accuracy and a preset error range, and using a corresponding actual voltage value and a corresponding filter combination as a final multivariate optical element design result includes:
calculating the error between the maximum actual regression precision and the ideal regression precision;
judging whether the error meets the error range;
if so, combining the actual voltage value corresponding to the current actual regression precision with the optical filter to serve as a final multivariate optical element design result;
if not, calculating errors according to the sequence of the actual regression accuracy from large to small until the errors meet the error range.
The invention also discloses a multivariate optical element, which is a combination of an actual voltage value and two optical filters designed by adopting the design method of the multivariate optical element, and comprises the following components:
a first housing;
the two second shells are fixed at the top of the first shell and distributed in an L shape;
the two optical filter combinations are respectively and vertically arranged in the second shell;
and the liquid crystal control circuit board is horizontally arranged in the first shell, leads of the liquid crystal control circuit board penetrate through the first shell and the second shell and then are connected with the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters, and the liquid crystal control circuit board is used for adjusting the voltages of the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters to actual voltage values.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
and the temperature control circuit board is horizontally arranged in the first shell, is parallel to the liquid crystal control circuit board and is used for controlling the temperature of the liquid crystal tunable filter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second housing includes:
the first installation cavity is used for installing the optical filter combination;
and the second mounting cavity is adjacent to the first mounting cavity.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a temperature control element is disposed in the second mounting cavity, and a lead of the temperature control element passes through the second housing and the first housing and is connected to the temperature control circuit board, so as to control the temperature of the liquid crystal tunable filter according to a control instruction of the temperature control circuit board.
In an embodiment of the invention, the second housing has a light hole penetrating therethrough along a direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal tunable filter.
In summary, the multivariate optical element design method provided by the invention determines the initial value of the liquid crystal voltage by traversing all the available liquid crystal tunable filter combinations and using the regression vector, obtains the final design result according to the actual regression precision, quickly and accurately finds the filter combination and the voltage value with the best detection effect on the substance to be detected, and solves the problems of complex structure, high cost and high randomness of the design result of the existing design method; the multivariate optical element in the invention designs the four liquid crystal tunable filters into a whole, so that the four liquid crystal tunable filters can be symmetrical about the polarization beam splitter, and realizes the synchronous control of temperature and voltage through the temperature control circuit board and the liquid crystal control circuit board, thereby solving the problems of low integration level, complex assembly and adjustment and inconvenient use of the multivariate optical element in the prior art. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a system flow diagram illustrating a method for selecting a filter according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an angled multi-element optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a multi-element optical device according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-element optical device at another angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a multi-element optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
100. A multivariate optical element;
110. a first housing;
120. a second housing;
130. a liquid crystal tunable filter;
140. a liquid crystal control circuit board;
150. a temperature control circuit board;
160. a temperature control element;
170. and (7) a light hole.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Test methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.
Please refer to fig. 1-5. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, and are not used for limiting the conditions of the present disclosure, so that the present disclosure is not limited to the technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the ratios, or adjustments of the sizes, can still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the function and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
When numerical ranges are given in the examples, it is understood that both endpoints of each of the numerical ranges and any value therebetween can be selected unless the invention otherwise indicated. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs and the description of the present invention, and any methods, apparatuses, and materials similar or equivalent to those described in the examples of the present invention may be used to practice the present invention.
The liquid crystal tunable filter is formed by cascading multiple stages of units which are sequentially arranged in parallel, each stage of unit comprises two polarizing films which are parallel to each other, a liquid crystal delay piece is clamped between the two polarizing films, an azimuth included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the optical axis of the liquid crystal delay piece and the transmission direction of the polarizing films, and the thickness of the delay piece is gradually increased and is d, 2d, … and 2N-1d respectively; when the light source passes through one of the first-stage units, the two beams of light propagating along the fast and slow axes of the liquid crystal retarder have the same vibration direction and have a certain phase difference, so that an interference effect occurs.
Generally, two multi-stage liquid crystal tunable filters are adopted to realize the simultaneous and complete aplanatic confocal polarization imaging detection of two adjacent surfaces of an object to be detected, the invention is used for selecting the combination with the best detection effect on a substance to be detected, in the embodiment, all available liquid crystal tunable filters are listed and randomly combined to form a plurality of filter combinations, each filter combination comprises two random liquid crystal tunable filters, two groups of the filter combinations are randomly selected, the conditions of all the combinations are traversed, the optimal two groups of the filter combinations are selected, in addition, a voltage circuit board is arranged, the voltage circuit board is simultaneously connected to four liquid crystal tunable filters in the two filter combinations and used for controlling the voltages of the four liquid crystal tunable filters, the temperature control circuit board is also connected to the four liquid crystal tunable filters simultaneously, preferably, in this embodiment, the temperature of the four liquid crystal tunable filters is controlled to 35 ℃ to achieve stable transmittance and fast response.
Referring to fig. 1, a system flow diagram of a multivariate optical element design method in the present embodiment is shown, the multivariate optical element design method includes:
s100, acquiring a spectral data set of a substance to be detected;
and repeatedly acquiring spectral data of the sample containing the substance to be detected to form a spectral data set.
S200, inputting the spectral data set into a pre-trained multiple regression correction model to obtain ideal regression precision and regression vectors;
step S200 specifically includes:
inputting the spectrum data set into a multiple regression correction model to obtain a predicted concentration value of the element to be detected; according to the actual concentration value of the element to be detected prestored in the substance to be detected, the probability that the predicted concentration value accords with the actual concentration value is used as ideal regression precision; and fitting to obtain a regression vector according to the spectral data set and the corresponding predicted concentration value.
Specifically, the ratio of the predicted concentration value to the corresponding spectral data is a regression vector.
It should be noted that the multivariate regression correction model in this embodiment is a sample concentration prediction model, spectral data of the substance to be measured is divided into a training set and a test set according to a preset proportion, the multivariate regression correction model is trained according to the training set to obtain a trained multivariate regression correction model, and then the tester is input into the multivariate regression correction model to obtain the predicted concentration value of the substance to be measured.
In the actual process, the ideal regression precision and the regression vector are obtained simultaneously.
Step S300, combining the liquid crystal tunable filters in pairs to obtain a filter combination;
all available liquid crystal tunable filters are listed and combined randomly to form a plurality of filter combinations.
Step S400, selecting an optical filter combination from the optical filter combinations, processing the optical filter combination according to the corresponding transmittance function and the regression vector to obtain an actual initial voltage value, and processing the optical filter combination according to the actual initial voltage value to obtain an actual voltage value and corresponding actual regression precision;
step S400 specifically includes:
constructing a loss function:
wherein, thetaa，θbRepresenting the voltage values of two liquid crystal tunable filters in one filter combination; thetac，θdRepresenting the voltage values of two liquid crystal tunable filters in another filter combination; f represents a transmittance function;
represents the regression vector, and xiRepresenting the ith spectral vector, y, in the spectral data setiA predicted concentration value representing an ith spectral vector; n represents the total number of spectral vectors in the spectral data set;
taking the voltage values of the four corresponding liquid crystal tunable optical filters when the value of the loss function is minimum as an actual initial voltage value; processing by adopting a gradient descent method according to the actual initial voltage value to obtain an actual voltage value; and processing according to the spectrum data set and the transmittance function to obtain actual regression accuracy corresponding to the actual voltage value.
The transmittance of the liquid crystal tunable filter is affected by the number of stages and the voltage value of the liquid crystal, and in this embodiment, the transmittance function f (θ) is obtained by setting the number of stages of the liquid crystal tunable filter to be constanta，θb，θc，θd) Only by the value of the voltage.
The loss function in the step S400 adopts a least square method, which is a mathematical tool widely applied in various subject fields of data processing such as error estimation, uncertainty, system identification and prediction, and the like, and the fitting standard is that the sum of squares of regression vectors obtained by a transmittance function of the current optical filter combination and a multiple regression correction model is minimum; then in step S400, when the sum of squares J (theta) is finally obtaineda，θb，θc，θd) At the minimum, i.e. the value of the loss function is the minimum, the corresponding voltage value (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) As the actual initial voltage value. The transmittance curve corresponding to the actual initial voltage value is the one of the transmittance curves generated by the current filter combination that is most similar to the regression vector.
It should be noted that, in practical applications, other calculation methods may also be used to find a group of voltage coefficients so that the transmittance curve of the optical filter is most similar to the curve of the regression vector.
In the prior art, when designing a multivariate optical element, a transmittance function with the highest curve similarity with a regression vector is generally used as a final voltage optimization result, and a voltage value at the time of the transmittance function is used as an optimal voltage value, but the highest curve similarity does not mean that the performance of the optical filter under the voltage value is optimal, so that the actual optimal voltage value generally appears near the initial voltage value by using the voltage value as the initial voltage value according to experience of multiple experiments. Therefore, the liquid crystal voltages in all the filter combinations are normalized, the adopted voltage values are mapped to a uniform numerical value space, a uniform voltage change range, such as 0-1V, is set, discretization is carried out, and iteration step length is set.
The step of obtaining the actual voltage value by adopting a gradient descent method according to the actual initial voltage value comprises the following steps:
and calculating to obtain a descending distance according to the actual initial voltage value:
wherein, alpha represents a preset iteration step length;
respectively representing initial voltage values corresponding to four liquid crystal tunable filters in the two filter combinations;
respectively representing the actual initial voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable filters
Voltage values of t iteration steps are superposed on the basis of the first step voltage; wherein q, w, e, r respectively represent the actual initial voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable filters within the preset voltage variation range
The maximum value of the iteration step length which can be superposed on the basis of the step length;
judging whether D is smaller than a preset distance threshold value;
if yes, (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) The actual voltage value is obtained;
if not, the following formula is adopted to carry out (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) And calculating the step-down distance again until the actual voltage value is obtained:
wherein: (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) ' is the updated voltage value;
specifically, for four liquid crystal tunable filters, the actual initial voltage is within a uniform voltage variation range
Voltage obtained after respectively superposing q, w, e and r iterative step lengths
Within the voltage variation range, the actual initial voltage
Voltage obtained after respectively superposing q +1, w +1, e +1 and r +1 iteration steps
It exceeds the preset voltage variation range, and thus the voltage
The voltage maximum value in the uniform voltage variation range is obtained.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
there are q × w × e × r elements.
Specifically, the step of processing the actual regression accuracy corresponding to the actual voltage value according to the spectral data set and the transmittance function includes:
calculating actual transmittance corresponding to each group of actual voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters according to the transmittance functions of the four current liquid crystal tunable optical filters; for each set of actual voltage values: multiplying the spectral data set by the corresponding actual transmittance to obtain an estimated concentration value; and taking the probability that the estimated concentration value accords with the actual concentration value as the actual regression precision.
And aiming at multiple groups of actual voltage values of the two groups of optical filter combinations, multiple actual regression precisions can be obtained.
It should be noted that, in practical applications, for example, a direct search method, a particle swarm algorithm, a simulated annealing method, etc. may also be adopted to perform optimization to obtain an actual voltage value, and the specific adopted method is not limited by the present solution, but all should be included in the protection scope.
And S500, selecting the optimal actual regression precision according to the ideal regression precision and the preset error range, and combining the corresponding actual voltage value and the optical filter as a final multivariate optical element design result.
Step S500 specifically includes:
calculating the error between the maximum actual regression precision and the ideal regression precision; judging whether the error meets the error range; if so, combining the actual voltage value corresponding to the current actual regression precision with the optical filter to serve as a final multivariate optical element design result; if not, calculating the error according to the sequence of the actual regression accuracy from large to small until the error meets the error range.
In step S500, the combination manner of all the two optical filter combinations is traversed, the actual regression accuracies corresponding to the actual voltage values of each group of the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters are sorted, and the error is determined in descending order, for example, if the actual regression accuracy reaches the ideal regression accuracy of 0.9 times, the actual regression accuracy is considered to reach the standard, and the actual voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters corresponding to the actual regression accuracy and the two optical filter combinations are used as the final design result of the multivariate optical element.
Referring to fig. 2-5, the present embodiment further provides a multivariate optical element 100, which combines an actual voltage value and two filters designed by the multivariate optical element design method, wherein the multivariate optical element 100 comprises:
a first housing 110;
two second housings 120 fixed on the top of the first housing 110, wherein the two second housings 120 are distributed in an L shape;
the two optical filter combinations are respectively vertically arranged in the second shell 120;
the liquid crystal control circuit board 140 is horizontally disposed in the first housing 110, and leads thereof pass through the first housing 110 and the second housing 120 and then are connected to the four liquid crystal tunable filters 130, so as to adjust voltages of the four liquid crystal tunable filters 130 to actual voltage values.
The two sets of liquid crystal tunable filters 130 are multi-stage liquid crystal tunable filters, for example, 2-3 stages of Lyot, Solc or Evans type liquid crystal tunable filters, the two second housings 120 are symmetrical about a 45 ° bisector, and the first housing 110 and the second housing 120 are not communicated with each other.
The two second housings 120 are distributed in an L-shape, the first housing 110 and the two second housings 120 are integrally molded, a plurality of bolts are uniformly arranged on one surface of each second housing 120 facing the other second housing 120, and the single-side surface of each second housing 120 can be detached by detaching the plurality of bolts, so that the liquid crystal tunable filter 130 in the second housing 120 can be replaced.
Referring to fig. 2, the multivariate optical element 100 further comprises:
the temperature control circuit board 150 is horizontally disposed in the first housing 110, and is parallel to the liquid crystal control circuit board 140, and is configured to control the temperature of the liquid crystal tunable filter 130.
Referring to fig. 2, the second housing 120 includes:
the first installation cavity is used for installing two liquid crystal tunable filters 130 in the filter combination;
and the second mounting cavity is adjacent to the first mounting cavity.
The second mounting cavity is provided with a temperature control element 160, and a lead thereof passes through the second housing 120 and the first housing 110 and then is connected to the temperature control circuit board 150, for controlling the temperature of the liquid crystal tunable filter 130 according to a control instruction of the temperature control circuit board 150.
The second housing 120 has a light hole 170 penetrating along the direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal tunable filter 130.
Specifically, a plurality of charging ports are formed on one side surface of the first casing 110 for connecting to an external charging device to supply power to the temperature control circuit board 140 and the liquid crystal control circuit board 150.
In practical applications, the light reflected/refracted from the substance to be measured enters the two liquid crystal tunable filters 130 in one filter combination from the light holes 123 on the side of the second housing 120 close to the other second housing 120, and then exits from the light holes 123 on the side of the second housing 120 far from the other second housing 120.
In summary, the multivariate optical element design method provided by the invention determines the initial value of the liquid crystal voltage by traversing all the available liquid crystal tunable filter combinations and using the regression vector, obtains the final design result according to the actual regression precision, quickly and accurately finds the filter combination and the voltage value with the best detection effect on the substance to be detected, and solves the problems of complex structure, high cost and high randomness of the design result of the existing design method; the multivariate optical element in the invention designs the four liquid crystal tunable filters into a whole, so that the four liquid crystal tunable filters can be symmetrical about the polarization beam splitter, and realizes the synchronous control of temperature and voltage through the temperature control circuit board and the liquid crystal control circuit board, thereby solving the problems of low integration level, complex assembly and adjustment and inconvenient use of the multivariate optical element in the prior art. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for designing a multivariate optical element, comprising:
acquiring a spectral data set of a substance to be detected;
inputting the spectrum data set into a pre-trained multiple regression correction model to obtain ideal regression precision and regression vectors;
combining the liquid crystal tunable optical filters in pairs to obtain an optical filter combination;
selecting two optical filter combinations, processing according to the corresponding transmittance functions and the regression vectors to obtain actual initial voltage values, and processing according to the initial voltage values to obtain actual voltage values and corresponding actual regression precision;
and selecting the optimal actual regression precision according to the ideal regression precision and a preset error range, and combining the corresponding actual voltage value and the optical filter as a final multivariate optical element design result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of inputting the spectral data set into a pre-trained multivariate regression correction model to obtain an ideal regression accuracy and a regression vector comprises:
inputting the spectral data set into the multiple regression correction model to obtain a corresponding predicted concentration value;
according to an actual concentration value prestored in the substance to be detected, taking the probability that the predicted concentration value accords with the actual concentration value as the ideal regression precision;
and dividing the spectral data set by the corresponding predicted concentration value to obtain the regression vector.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of selecting two filter combinations from the plurality of filter combinations, processing the filter combinations according to the transmittance functions and the regression vectors to obtain actual initial voltage values, and processing the initial voltage values to obtain actual voltage values and corresponding actual regression accuracies comprises:
constructing a loss function:
wherein, thetaa，θbRepresenting the voltage values of two liquid crystal tunable filters in one filter combination; thetac，θdRepresenting the voltage values of two liquid crystal tunable filters in another filter combination; f represents a transmittance functionCounting;
represents the regression vector, and xiRepresenting the ith spectral vector, y, in the spectral data setiA predicted concentration value representing an ith spectral vector; n represents the total number of spectral vectors in the spectral data set;
taking the voltage value corresponding to the minimum loss function value as an actual initial voltage value;
and calculating to obtain a descending distance according to the actual initial voltage value:
wherein, alpha represents a preset iteration step length;
respectively representing initial voltage values corresponding to four liquid crystal tunable filters in the two filter combinations;
respectively representing the actual initial voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable filters
Voltage values of t iteration steps are superposed on the basis of the first step voltage; wherein q, w, e, r respectively represent the actual initial voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable filters within the preset voltage variation range
The maximum value of the iteration step length which can be superposed on the basis of the step length;
judging whether D is smaller than a preset distance threshold value;
if yes, (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) The actual voltage value is obtained;
if not, the following formula is adopted to carry out (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) And calculating the step-down distance again until the actual voltage value is obtained:
wherein: (theta)a，θb，θc，θd) ' is the updated voltage value;
and processing to obtain actual regression accuracy corresponding to the actual voltage value according to the spectral data set and the transmittance function.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of processing the actual regression accuracy corresponding to the actual voltage value according to the spectral data set and the transmittance function comprises:
calculating actual transmittance corresponding to each group of actual voltage values of the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters according to the transmittance function;
for each of the actual voltage values:
multiplying the spectral data set by the corresponding actual transmittance to obtain an estimated concentration value;
and taking the probability that the estimated concentration value accords with the actual concentration value as the actual regression precision.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of selecting an optimal actual regression accuracy according to the ideal regression accuracy and a predetermined error range, and combining the corresponding actual voltage value and the filter as a final multivariate optical element design result comprises:
calculating the error between the maximum actual regression precision and the ideal regression precision;
judging whether the error meets the error range;
if so, combining the actual voltage value corresponding to the current actual regression precision with the optical filter to serve as a final multivariate optical element design result;
if not, calculating errors according to the sequence of the actual regression accuracy from large to small until the errors meet the error range.
6. A multivariate optical element, wherein actual voltage values designed by the multivariate optical element design method according to any one of claims 1-5 and two filter combinations, each filter combination comprising two liquid crystal tunable filters, comprise:
a first housing;
the two second shells are fixed at the top of the first shell and distributed in an L shape;
the liquid crystal tunable optical filters contained in the two optical filter combinations are respectively and vertically arranged in the second shell;
and the liquid crystal control circuit board is horizontally arranged in the first shell, leads of the liquid crystal control circuit board penetrate through the first shell and the second shell and then are connected with the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters, and the liquid crystal control circuit board is used for adjusting the voltages of the four liquid crystal tunable optical filters to actual voltage values.
7. The multivariate optical element of claim 6, further comprising:
and the temperature control circuit board is horizontally arranged in the first shell, is parallel to the liquid crystal control circuit board and is used for controlling the temperature of the liquid crystal tunable filter.
8. The multivariate optical element of claim 7, wherein the second housing comprises:
the first installation cavity is used for installing two liquid crystal tunable optical filters contained in the optical filter combination;
and the second mounting cavity is adjacent to the first mounting cavity.
9. The multi-element optical component of claim 8, wherein a temperature control element is disposed in the second mounting cavity, and a lead of the temperature control element is connected to the temperature control circuit board after passing through the second housing and the first housing, and is configured to control the temperature of the liquid crystal tunable filter according to a control command of the temperature control circuit board.
10. The multi-element optical component of claim 9, wherein the second housing has a light hole penetrating therethrough along a direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal tunable filter.
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