CN113719431B - Method and system for measuring residual life of fan tower drum - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring residual life of fan tower drum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the residual life of a fan tower, which comprises the steps of constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower, carrying out modal analysis, obtaining a stress matrix of each position of the fan tower at any historical wind speed according to obtained historical wind speed data and historical wind direction data, obtaining a tower material life loss factor of each position of the fan tower at any historical wind speed, obtaining a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by fan tower load in unit time at all historical wind speeds in unit wind direction, obtaining the maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and measuring to obtain the actual verticality of the fan tower; and obtaining a life deterioration factor of the wind turbine tower drum according to the actual life factor corresponding to the actual verticality, and calculating to obtain the actual residual life of the wind turbine tower drum. According to the invention, through a computer-aided technology, historical wind speed and wind direction statistical data and fan tower drum design data are combined, and the residual life of the fan tower drum is accurately analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of life prediction of a fan tower drum, in particular to a method and a system for measuring the residual life of the fan tower drum.
Background
The tower of the wind turbine generator is a bearing part in the wind turbine generator, and the tower mainly plays a supporting role in the wind turbine generator and absorbs the vibration of the wind turbine generator. The tower barrel bears complex and variable loads such as thrust, bending moment and torque load, so that the tower barrel can generate certain-amplitude deformation such as swinging and distortion in the running process of the wind generating set, and in addition, the tower barrel can incline under the influence of factors such as material change, part failure and foundation settlement, and certain deflection is generated. The too large inclined deformation of the tower barrel can cause the load of the tower barrel to deviate from the design value during the actual operation of the wind turbine, so that the service life loss of the tower barrel is aggravated, the normal operation of the wind turbine generator set is influenced, and safety accidents can be seriously caused.
According to the service life evaluation method of the wind generating set with the patent publication number of CN113374652A, finite element analysis is carried out on the wind turbine load by using meteorological data, the use real name of the tower drum is corrected, and the current residual life of the tower drum cannot be directly predicted through state quantities such as the inclination angle of the tower drum. The method for diagnosing and detecting the fatigue of the wind turbine tower barrel based on the acceleration sensor, which is disclosed by the patent publication No. CN113357099A, adopts the acceleration sensor to count the fatigue information of the wind turbine tower barrel, and can generate effective result output only by tracking and monitoring the whole life cycle after a wind turbine is put into operation. The method for predicting the service life of the tower of the wind turbine generator set with the patent publication number of CN112796953A needs to install a plurality of displacement sensors at each layer of flange, check and check the bolt pretightening force, is complex in operation and high in cost, and is difficult to apply on a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a system for measuring the remaining life of a wind turbine tower, which combine historical wind speed and wind direction statistical data with wind turbine tower design data through a computer-aided technology to accurately analyze the remaining life of the wind turbine tower.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for measuring the residual life of a fan tower, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower cylinder and carrying out modal analysis to obtain the characteristic frequency of a first-order mode of the fan tower cylinder and the effective mass of the corresponding first-order mode;
s2, according to the acquired historical wind speed data, historical wind direction data, characteristic frequency and effective mass, calculating to obtain the frequency and amplitude of periodic load oscillation generated by the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed when the wind turbine tower barrel works, and calculating to obtain a stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed;
s3, calculating and obtaining a tower tube material life loss factor of each position of the tower tube at any historical wind speed according to the stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower tube at any historical wind speed and the fatigue curve of the tower tube material;
s4, calculating a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the fan tower drum load in unit time at all historical wind speeds in unit wind direction according to the life loss factor of the tower drum material at each position of the tower drum at any historical wind speed, the historical wind speed data and the historical wind direction data, and traversing the life loss factor expected value matrix to obtain the maximum life loss factor expected value;
s5, carrying out actual measurement on the wind turbine tower drum to obtain the inclination angle of a flange plate at the top of the tower drum, and calculating to obtain the actual perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower drum;
s6, obtaining an actual life factor corresponding to the actual perpendicularity of the fan tower drum according to a relation curve of the perpendicularity of the fan tower drum and the maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and calculating the ratio of the actual life factor to the maximum expected value of the life loss factor to obtain a life degradation factor of the fan tower drum;
and S7, calculating the actual residual life of the wind turbine tower based on the design service life of the wind turbine tower according to the life degradation factor of the wind turbine tower and the actual operation time of the wind turbine tower.
Preferably, the step S1 includes:
inquiring a design manual of the wind turbine tower drum, and acquiring the geometric characteristics of the wind turbine tower drum and the physical properties of the wind turbine tower drum material;
constructing a finite element analysis model of the wind turbine tower cylinder according to the geometric characteristics and the physical attributes, carrying out modal analysis, and obtaining a characteristic frequency freq1 of a first-order mode of the wind turbine tower cylinder and an effective mass me1 corresponding to the first-order mode, wherein,
wherein, thetaiIndicating the azimuth angle, R, of the wind turbine toweriDenotes the radius of the wind turbine tower, HiThe height of the wind turbine tower is represented, i represents the mark number of each micro element of the finite element analysis model, M represents the physical property of the wind turbine tower material, and FEM represents the physical property of the wind turbine tower material1Indicating fanAnd (4) finite element analysis model of the tower.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
the historical wind speed data comprises a plurality of historical wind speed values and the probability of occurrence corresponding to each historical wind speed value, and the historical wind speed data is represented by a matrix type (2):
wherein v ismWind speed value, p, representing the mth historical wind speed samplemRepresenting a value of wind speed vmCorresponding occurrence probability, wherein m represents that m sample values exist in the historical wind speed data;
the historical wind direction data comprises a plurality of historical wind direction values and the probability of occurrence corresponding to each historical wind direction value, and the historical wind direction data is represented by a matrix type (3):
wherein phi isnWind direction value, q, representing the nth historical wind direction samplenIndicating the value of wind direction phinAnd the corresponding occurrence probability, n represents that the historical wind direction data has n sample values in total.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
according to the plurality of historical wind speed values and the probability corresponding to each historical wind speed value, calculating and obtaining the frequency freq of the periodic load oscillation generated by the wind turbine tower under any historical wind speed when the wind turbine tower works according to a formula (4)2:
Where v represents the historical wind speed value, StrThe number is the Strouhal number and is determined by the sectional geometry of the tower;
obtaining a thrust-speed curve F of the fan according to a design manual of the fant(v) And setting a conversion coefficient between the constant thrust and the disturbance thrust to SflucCalculating the amplitude A of the periodic load oscillation generated by the tower drum of the wind turbine under any historical wind speed during workingfluc(v)：
Wherein c represents the damping coefficient of the material of the tower cylinder of the wind turbine;
amplitude A of periodic load oscillation generated under any historical wind speedfluc(v) Finite element analysis is carried out, and a stress matrix sigma of each position of the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed is obtained through calculationi(v)：
Wherein, FEM2Representing finite element analysis
Preferably, the step S3 includes:
stress matrix sigma of each position of fan tower barrel under any historical wind speedi(v) 2 times of the stress amplitude of each position of the fan tower barrel at any historical wind speed;
inquiring according to a tower drum design manual to obtain a fatigue curve S-N of a tower drum material, and obtaining cycle times S which can be borne by each position of the tower drum under any historical wind speedi(2σi(v) The reciprocal matrix of the cycle times is a tower drum material life loss factor l of each position of the tower drum at any historical wind speedi(v)：
Preferably, the step S4 includes:
according to the frequency freq of periodic load oscillation generated under any historical wind speed2And historical wind speed data, and calculating to obtain a life loss factor caused by the load of the tower drum of the wind turbine in unit time under unit wind speedMatrix of expected values Li：
Wherein li(vm) Representing the life loss factor of tower material at each position of the tower at any historical wind speed;
calculating and obtaining a life loss factor expected value matrix LL caused by the fan tower drum load in unit time under all historical wind speeds under unit wind direction according to historical wind direction datai：
Wherein j (i, phi)n) Based on the wind direction angle phinTranslating the finite element grid data, wherein G is the grid number distributed in each circle of the cross section of the fan tower drum in the finite element analysis model;
a life loss factor expected value matrix LL for the load of the wind turbine tower in unit time under all historical wind speeds in unit wind directioniTraversing to find the maximum expected value l of the life loss factorunit。
Preferably, the step S5 includes:
the top of the fan tower cylinder is provided with a flange plate and a plurality of bolts arranged on the flange plate, and a reference position is selected as a selected marker on the fan tower cylinder;
setting bolt numbers, wherein the first bolt mark on the right side of the marker is k1Sequentially clockwise by k2,k3…,knMeasuring said marker and first bolt k1The distance w therebetween;
measuring the included angle delta between the connecting line of the marker and the center of the wind turbine tower drum door and the due north direction1Clockwise is positive, and an included angle delta in the positive north direction of a connecting line between the center of the fan tower drum and the center of the fan tower drum door is measured2Clockwise is positive; calculating the orientation β of the marker as;
calculating an included angle eta between the connecting line of the marker and the center of the fan tower drum and the connecting line of the first bolt and the fan tower drum:
one end of the measuring rod is arranged on the bolt k during the first measurementaThe other end is arranged on a bolt kbBolt kaAnd bolt kbA plurality of bolts are arranged between the measuring rods to measure the bolts kaAnd bolt kbAngle of inclination gamma therebetween1The corresponding tilt azimuth alpha is calculated1；
One end of the measuring rod is arranged on the bolt k during the second use and measurementcThe other end is arranged on a bolt kdBolt kcAnd bolt kdA plurality of bolts are arranged between the measuring rods to measure the bolts kcAnd bolt kdAngle of inclination gamma therebetween2The corresponding tilt azimuth alpha is calculated2；
Wherein N is the total number of bolts on the flange plate, kaAnd kbNumbering the bolts when the measuring rod is first measured, kcAnd kdNumbering the bolts when the measuring rod measures for the second time;
calculating to obtain the actual unit length verticality P of the fan tower cylinder:
preferably, the step S6 includes:
the relationship equation of the perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower and the expected maximum value of the life loss factor is as follows:
obtaining an actual life factor L (P) corresponding to the actual unit length perpendicularity P of the wind turbine tower drum through the relational equation, and obtaining the actual operation time T of the wind turbine tower drum according to the actual operation time TrealAnd calculating the service life degradation factor d of the wind turbine tower cylinder according to the maximum expected value of the service life loss factor:
preferably, the step S7 includes:
obtaining the design service life T of the fan tower cylinder according to the inquiry of a system manual of the fan tower cylinderdesignAnd calculating to obtain the actual residual life T of the tower drum of the fanleft：
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a system for measuring remaining life of a wind turbine tower, the system comprising:
the tower drum finite element analysis module is used for constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower drum and carrying out modal analysis to obtain the characteristic frequency of a first-order mode of the fan tower drum and the effective mass of the corresponding first-order mode;
the stress matrix calculation module is used for calculating the frequency and amplitude of periodic load oscillation generated by the fan tower drum under any historical wind speed when the fan tower drum works according to the acquired historical wind speed data, historical wind direction data, characteristic frequency and effective mass, and calculating the stress matrix of each position of the fan tower drum under any historical wind speed;
the loss factor calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the tower tube material life loss factor of each position of the tower tube at any historical wind speed according to the stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower tube at any historical wind speed and the fatigue curve of the tower tube material;
the expected value matrix module is used for calculating a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the fan tower drum load in unit time under all historical wind speeds under a unit wind direction according to the tower drum material life loss factor, the historical wind speed data and the historical wind direction data of each position of the tower drum under any historical wind speed, and traversing the life loss factor expected value matrix to obtain the maximum expected value of the life loss factor;
the verticality calculation module is used for carrying out actual measurement on the fan tower cylinder to obtain the inclination angle of a flange plate at the top of the tower cylinder and calculating to obtain the verticality of the fan tower cylinder;
the equivalent life loss module is used for acquiring a life factor corresponding to the calculated perpendicularity of the fan tower drum according to a relation curve of the perpendicularity of the fan tower drum and the maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and calculating the ratio of the life factor to the maximum expected value of the life loss factor to obtain a life degradation factor of the fan tower drum;
and the residual life module is used for calculating the life degradation factor of the wind turbine tower drum according to the life degradation factor and the actual operation time of the wind turbine tower drum, and calculating the actual residual life of the wind turbine tower drum based on the design service life of the wind turbine tower drum.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the system for measuring the residual service life of the fan tower cylinder provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects: the historical wind speed and wind direction statistical data and the design data of the fan tower drum are combined, so that the accumulated loss of the long-time wind load on the fan tower drum can be analyzed, the health state of the fan tower drum can be more accurately analyzed, and the accurate residual life of the fan tower drum can be further obtained; a sensor for continuous monitoring is not required to be installed on the fan tower drum, the perpendicularity is directly measured at the top of the fan tower drum by an operator, and the current residual life of the fan tower drum is calculated according to the perpendicularity, so that the operation is convenient and fast, the use is easy, and the cost is low; the different life development characteristics of the same wind turbine tower barrel in different wind resource areas can be effectively distinguished, and the method is convenient to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the remaining life of a wind turbine tower according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of wind turbine tower perpendicularity measurement according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a wind turbine tower remaining life measurement system according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to the specific embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for measuring a remaining life of a wind turbine tower, the method including the steps of:
s1, constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower cylinder and carrying out modal analysis to obtain the characteristic frequency of a first-order mode of the fan tower cylinder and the effective mass of the corresponding first-order mode;
s2, according to the acquired historical wind speed data, historical wind direction data, characteristic frequency and effective mass, calculating to obtain the frequency and amplitude of periodic load oscillation generated by the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed when the wind turbine tower barrel works, and calculating to obtain a stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed;
s3, calculating and obtaining a tower tube material life loss factor of each position of the tower tube at any historical wind speed according to the stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower tube at any historical wind speed and the fatigue curve of the tower tube material;
s4, calculating a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the fan tower drum load in unit time at all historical wind speeds in unit wind direction according to the life loss factor of the tower drum material at each position of the tower drum at any historical wind speed, the historical wind speed data and the historical wind direction data, and traversing the life loss factor expected value matrix to obtain the maximum life loss factor expected value;
s5, carrying out actual measurement on the wind turbine tower drum to obtain the inclination angle of a flange plate at the top of the tower drum, and calculating to obtain the actual perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower drum;
s6, obtaining an actual life factor corresponding to the actual perpendicularity of the fan tower drum according to a relation curve of the perpendicularity of the fan tower drum and the maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and calculating the ratio of the actual life factor to the maximum expected value of the life loss factor to obtain a life degradation factor of the fan tower drum;
and S7, calculating the actual residual life of the wind turbine tower based on the design service life of the wind turbine tower according to the life degradation factor of the wind turbine tower and the actual operation time of the wind turbine tower.
And constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower cylinder, carrying out modal analysis, and obtaining the first-order modal characteristic frequency and effective mass of the fan tower cylinder. Inquiring a design manual of a tower cylinder, acquiring geometric characteristics of the wind turbine tower cylinder and physical properties of materials of the wind turbine tower cylinder, constructing a finite element analysis model of the wind turbine tower cylinder according to the geometric characteristics and the physical properties, carrying out modal analysis based on the finite element analysis model of the wind turbine tower cylinder, and acquiring the characteristic frequency freq of a first-order modal of the wind turbine tower cylinder1And effective mass m corresponding to the first order modee1Wherein the characteristic frequency freq1And effective mass me1Satisfies the relation (1);
wherein the wind turbine tower is described in the form of cylindrical coordinates, and the wind turbineThe geometric characteristics of the tower can be represented by three dimensions of azimuth angle, radius and height, namely thetaiIndicating the azimuth angle, R, of the wind turbine toweriDenotes the radius of the wind turbine tower, HiThe height of the wind turbine tower is represented, i represents the mark number of each micro element of the finite element model, M represents the physical properties of the wind turbine tower material, and the physical properties comprise density, Poisson's ratio and Young modulus, FEM1A finite element analysis model of a wind turbine tower is shown. The finite element analysis model can be implemented by commercial finite element software such as ANSYS.
And acquiring statistical historical wind speed data and historical wind direction data, and calculating according to the historical wind speed data to obtain the frequency and amplitude of periodic load oscillation generated by the fan tower under any historical wind speed when the fan tower works. The statistical historical wind speed data can be obtained from meteorological departments or wind field construction scheme books, the historical wind speed data comprise a plurality of historical wind speed values and the probability of occurrence corresponding to each historical wind speed value, and the historical wind speed data are represented by a matrix type (2);
wherein v ismWind speed value, p, representing the mth historical wind speed samplemRepresenting a value of wind speed vmAnd corresponding occurrence probability, wherein m represents that the historical wind speed data has m sample values in total.
Acquiring statistical historical wind direction data from a meteorological department or a wind field construction scheme book, wherein the historical wind direction data comprise a plurality of historical wind direction values and the probability of each historical wind direction value, and the historical wind direction data are represented by a matrix (3);
wherein phi isnWind direction value, q, representing the nth historical wind direction samplenIndicating the value of wind direction phinAnd the corresponding occurrence probability, n represents that the historical wind direction data has n sample values in total.
According to the plurality of historical wind speed values and the probability corresponding to each historical wind speed value, calculating and obtaining the frequency freq of the periodic load oscillation generated by the wind turbine tower under any historical wind speed when the wind turbine tower works according to a formula (4)2：
Wherein S istrIs the Strouhal number and is determined by the sectional geometry of the tower, wherein 0.21 is taken, v represents the historical wind speed value, RiRepresenting the radius of the wind turbine tower.
Obtaining a thrust-speed curve F of the fan according to a design manual of the fant(v) And setting a conversion coefficient between the constant thrust and the disturbance thrust to Sfluc，SflucThe value range of (1) is 0.05-0.2, and if the height of the fan tower cylinder is 90 m, S isflucThe value is 0.1, and the amplitude A of periodic load oscillation generated by the tower drum of the fan under any historical wind speed during workingfluc(v) Is the formula (5):
wherein c represents the damping coefficient of the material of the tower barrel of the wind turbine.
Amplitude A of periodic load oscillation generated under any historical wind speedfluc(v) Carrying out finite element analysis, and obtaining a stress matrix sigma of each position of the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed through calculation of a finite element analysis formula (6)i(v)，
Wherein M represents a physical property of the wind turbine tower material, FEM2Representing a finite element analysis, HiIndicating the height of the wind turbine tower.
According to any historical wind speedAnd obtaining the cycle times that each position of the tower drum can bear under any historical wind speed by the stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower drum and the fatigue curve of the tower drum material, and further obtaining the life loss factor of the tower drum material at each position of the tower drum under any historical wind speed. Stress matrix sigma of each position of fan tower barrel under any historical wind speedi(v) 2 times of the stress amplitude of each position of the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed, the fatigue curve S-N of the tower barrel material can be obtained through query according to a tower barrel design manual, and the cycle times S which can be borne by each position of the tower barrel under any historical wind speed can be obtainedi(2σi(v) Number of cycles s)i(2σi(v) The reciprocal matrix of the wind speed is the life loss factor l of the tower material at each position of the tower under any historical wind speedi(v) Namely the service life of the tower consumed by single circulation of each position of the tower at any historical wind speed,
according to the life loss factor of the tower material at each position of the tower at any historical wind speed, historical wind speed data and historical wind direction data, a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the fan tower load in unit time at unit wind speed is obtained through calculation, and a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the fan tower load in unit time at all historical wind speeds in unit wind direction is obtained through calculation. According to the frequency freq of periodic load oscillation generated under any historical wind speed2And historical wind speed data are calculated to obtain a life loss factor expected value matrix L caused by the load of the fan tower cylinder in unit time under unit wind speedi，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
service life loss of tower material at each position of tower at any historical wind speedA factor;
calculating and obtaining a life loss factor expected value matrix LL caused by the fan tower drum load in unit time under all historical wind speeds under unit wind direction according to historical wind direction datai；
Wherein j (i, phi)n) Based on the wind direction angle phinAnd G is the grid number arranged in each circle of the cross section of the tower drum of the fan in the finite element analysis model.
A life loss factor expected value matrix LL for the load of the wind turbine tower in unit time under all historical wind speeds in unit wind directioniTraversing to find the maximum expected value l of the life loss factorunit，lunitAnd the expected characteristic value represents the life loss condition of the wind turbine tower in unit time.
And actually measuring the wind turbine tower cylinder to obtain an inclination angle of a flange at the top of the tower cylinder, and calculating to obtain the verticality of the wind turbine tower cylinder. Specifically, a flange plate and a plurality of bolts arranged on the flange plate are arranged at the top of the fan tower cylinder, a reference position is selected as a selected marker on the fan tower cylinder, bolt numbers are arranged, and the number of the first bolt on the right side of the marker is marked as k1Sequentially marking the number corresponding to each bolt in the clockwise direction as k2,k3…,kn. Or may be a counterclockwise mark. Measuring the marker and the first bolt k1The distance w between. Measuring the included angle delta between the connecting line of the marker and the center of the wind turbine tower drum door and the due north direction1Clockwise is positive; measuring included angle delta between center of fan tower drum and center of fan tower drum door in due north direction of connecting line2Clockwise is positive, the marker orientation β is calculated as:
calculating an included angle eta between the connecting line of the marker and the center of the fan tower drum and the connecting line of the first bolt and the fan tower drum,
one end of the measuring rod is arranged on the bolt k during the first measurementaThe other end is arranged on a bolt kbBolt kaAnd bolt kbA plurality of bolts are arranged between the measuring rods to measure the bolts kaAnd bolt kbAngle of inclination gamma therebetween1The corresponding tilt azimuth alpha is calculated1(ii) a One end of the measuring rod is arranged on the bolt k during the second use and measurementcThe other end is arranged on a bolt kdBolt kcAnd bolt kdA plurality of bolts are arranged between the measuring rods to measure the bolts kcAnd bolt kdAngle of inclination gamma therebetween2The corresponding tilt azimuth alpha is calculated2，
Wherein N is the total number of bolts on the flange plate, kaAnd kbNumbering the bolts when the measuring rod is first measured, kcAnd kdAnd numbering the bolts when the measuring rod measures for the second time.
Calculating to obtain the actual unit length verticality P of the fan tower cylinder:
and acquiring an actual life factor corresponding to the actual unit perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower drum according to a relation curve of the perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower drum and the maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and calculating the ratio of the actual life factor to the maximum expected value of the life loss factor to obtain the life degradation factor of the wind turbine tower drum. The relationship equation of the perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower and the maximum expected value of the life loss factor is expressed as follows:
obtaining an actual life factor L (P) corresponding to the actual unit length perpendicularity P of the wind turbine tower drum through the relational equation, and obtaining the actual operation time T of the wind turbine tower drum according to the actual operation time TrealAnd calculating the service life degradation factor d of the wind turbine tower cylinder according to the maximum expected value of the service life loss factor:
wherein, TrealThe actual running time of the wind turbine tower is obtained.
Obtaining the design service life T of the fan tower cylinder according to the inquiry of a system manual of the fan tower cylinderdesignAnd calculating to obtain the actual residual life T of the tower drum of the fanleftComprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a system for measuring a remaining life of a tower of a wind turbine, the system including:
the tower drum finite element analysis module 30 is used for constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower drum and performing modal analysis to obtain the characteristic frequency of a first-order mode of the fan tower drum and the effective mass of the corresponding first-order mode;
the stress matrix calculation module 31 is configured to calculate, according to the acquired historical wind speed data and historical wind direction data, characteristic frequency and effective mass, frequency and amplitude of periodic load oscillation generated by the wind turbine tower at any historical wind speed when the wind turbine tower operates, and calculate a stress matrix at each position of the wind turbine tower at any historical wind speed;
the loss factor calculation module 32 is configured to calculate a tower material life loss factor of each position of the tower at any historical wind speed according to the stress matrix of each position of the tower of the wind turbine at any historical wind speed and the fatigue curve of the tower material;
the expected value matrix module 33 is configured to calculate a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the load of the fan tower drum in a unit time at all historical wind speeds in a unit wind direction according to the life loss factor of the tower drum material at each position of the tower drum at any historical wind speed, the historical wind speed data and the historical wind direction data, and traverse the life loss factor expected value matrix to obtain a maximum expected value of the life loss factor;
the perpendicularity calculation module 34 is used for carrying out actual measurement on the fan tower drum to obtain an inclination angle of a flange at the top of the tower drum and calculating to obtain the perpendicularity of the fan tower drum;
the equivalent life loss module 35 is configured to obtain a life factor corresponding to the calculated perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower according to a relation curve between the perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower and a maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and calculate a ratio of the life factor to the maximum expected value of the life loss factor to obtain a life degradation factor of the wind turbine tower;
and the residual life module 36 is configured to calculate a life degradation factor of the wind turbine tower according to the life degradation factor and the actual operation time of the wind turbine tower, and calculate an actual residual life of the wind turbine tower based on the design service life of the wind turbine tower.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the residual life of a wind turbine tower is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower cylinder and carrying out modal analysis to obtain the characteristic frequency of a first-order mode of the fan tower cylinder and the effective mass of the corresponding first-order mode;
s2, according to the acquired historical wind speed data, historical wind direction data, characteristic frequency and effective mass, calculating to obtain the frequency and amplitude of periodic load oscillation generated by the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed when the wind turbine tower barrel works, and calculating to obtain a stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed;
s3, calculating and obtaining a tower tube material life loss factor of each position of the tower tube at any historical wind speed according to the stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower tube at any historical wind speed and the fatigue curve of the tower tube material;
s4, calculating a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the fan tower drum load in unit time at all historical wind speeds in unit wind direction according to the life loss factor of the tower drum material at each position of the tower drum at any historical wind speed, the historical wind speed data and the historical wind direction data, and traversing the life loss factor expected value matrix to obtain the maximum life loss factor expected value;
s5, carrying out actual measurement on the wind turbine tower drum to obtain the inclination angle of a flange plate at the top of the tower drum, and calculating to obtain the actual perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower drum;
s6, obtaining an actual life factor corresponding to the actual perpendicularity of the fan tower drum according to a relation curve of the perpendicularity of the fan tower drum and the maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and calculating the ratio of the actual life factor to the maximum expected value of the life loss factor to obtain a life degradation factor of the fan tower drum;
and S7, calculating the actual residual life of the wind turbine tower based on the design service life of the wind turbine tower according to the life degradation factor of the wind turbine tower and the actual operation time of the wind turbine tower.
2. The method for measuring the residual life of the tower drum of the wind turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes:
inquiring a design manual of the wind turbine tower drum, and acquiring the geometric characteristics of the wind turbine tower drum and the physical properties of the wind turbine tower drum material;
constructing a finite element analysis model of the wind turbine tower cylinder according to the geometric characteristics and the physical attributes, carrying out modal analysis, and obtaining the characteristic frequency freq of the first-order mode of the wind turbine tower cylinder1And effective mass m corresponding to the first order modee1Wherein, in the step (A),
wherein, thetaiIndicating the azimuth angle, R, of the wind turbine toweriDenotes the radius of the wind turbine tower, HiThe height of the wind turbine tower is represented, i represents the mark number of each micro element of the finite element analysis model, M represents the physical property of the wind turbine tower material, and FEM represents the physical property of the wind turbine tower material1A finite element analysis model of a wind turbine tower is shown.
3. The method for measuring the residual life of the tower drum of the wind turbine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S2 includes:
the historical wind speed data comprises a plurality of historical wind speed values and the probability of occurrence corresponding to each historical wind speed value, and the historical wind speed data is represented by a matrix type (2):
wherein v ismWind speed value, p, representing the mth historical wind speed samplemRepresenting a value of wind speed vmCorresponding occurrence probability, wherein m represents that m sample values exist in the historical wind speed data;
the historical wind direction data comprises a plurality of historical wind direction values and the probability of occurrence corresponding to each historical wind direction value, and the historical wind direction data is represented by a matrix type (3):
wherein phi isnWind direction value, q, representing the nth historical wind direction samplenIndicating the value of wind direction phinAnd the corresponding occurrence probability, n represents that the historical wind direction data has n sample values in total.
4. The method for measuring the residual life of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S2 includes:
according to the plurality of historical wind speed values and the probability corresponding to each historical wind speed value, calculating and obtaining the frequency freq of the periodic load oscillation generated by the wind turbine tower under any historical wind speed when the wind turbine tower works according to a formula (4)2：
Where v represents the historical wind speed value, StrThe number is the Strouhal number and is determined by the sectional geometry of the tower;
obtaining a thrust-speed curve F of the fan according to a design manual of the fant(v) And setting a conversion coefficient between the constant thrust and the disturbance thrust to SflucCalculating the amplitude A of the periodic load oscillation generated by the tower drum of the wind turbine under any historical wind speed during workingfluc(v)：
Wherein c represents the damping coefficient of the material of the tower cylinder of the wind turbine;
amplitude A of periodic load oscillation generated under any historical wind speedfluc(v) Finite element analysis is carried out, and a stress matrix sigma of each position of the wind turbine tower barrel under any historical wind speed is obtained through calculationi(v)：
Wherein, FEM2A finite element analysis is shown.
5. The method for measuring the residual life of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S3 includes:
stress matrix sigma of each position of fan tower barrel under any historical wind speedi(v) 2 times of the stress amplitude of each position of the fan tower barrel at any historical wind speed;
inquiring according to a tower drum design manual to obtain a fatigue curve S-N of a tower drum material, and obtaining cycle times S which can be borne by each position of the tower drum under any historical wind speedi(2σi(v) The reciprocal matrix of the cycle times is a tower drum material life loss factor l of each position of the tower drum at any historical wind speedi(v)：
6. The method for measuring the residual life of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S4 includes:
according to the frequency freq of periodic load oscillation generated under any historical wind speed2And historical wind speed data are calculated to obtain a life loss factor expected value matrix L caused by the load of the fan tower cylinder in unit time under unit wind speedi：
Wherein li(vm) Representing the life loss factor of tower material at each position of the tower at any historical wind speed;
calculating according to historical wind direction data to obtain all wind directions in unitLife loss factor expected value matrix LL caused by fan tower drum load in unit time under historical wind speedi：
Wherein j (i, phi)n) Based on the wind direction angle phinTranslating the finite element grid data, wherein G is the grid number distributed in each circle of the cross section of the fan tower drum in the finite element analysis model;
a life loss factor expected value matrix LL for the load of the wind turbine tower in unit time under all historical wind speeds in unit wind directioniTraversing to find the maximum expected value l of the life loss factorunit。
7. The method for measuring the residual life of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S5 includes:
the top of the fan tower cylinder is provided with a flange plate and a plurality of bolts arranged on the flange plate, and a reference position is selected as a selected marker on the fan tower cylinder;
setting bolt numbers, wherein the first bolt mark on the right side of the marker is k1Sequentially clockwise by k2,k3,…,knMeasuring said marker and first bolt k1The distance w therebetween;
measuring the included angle delta between the connecting line of the marker and the center of the wind turbine tower drum door and the due north direction1Clockwise is positive, and an included angle delta in the positive north direction of a connecting line between the center of the fan tower drum and the center of the fan tower drum door is measured2Clockwise is positive; calculating the orientation β of the marker as:
calculating an included angle eta between the connecting line of the marker and the center of the fan tower drum and the connecting line of the first bolt and the fan tower drum:
one end of the measuring rod is arranged on the bolt k during the first measurementaThe other end is arranged on a bolt kbBolt kaAnd bolt kbA plurality of bolts are arranged between the measuring rods to measure the bolts kaAnd bolt kbAngle of inclination gamma therebetween1The corresponding tilt azimuth alpha is calculated1；
One end of the measuring rod is arranged on the bolt k during the second use and measurementcThe other end is arranged on a bolt kdBolt kcAnd bolt kdA plurality of bolts are arranged between the measuring rods to measure the bolts kcAnd bolt kdAngle of inclination gamma therebetween2The corresponding tilt azimuth alpha is calculated2；
Wherein N is the total number of bolts on the flange plate, kaAnd kbNumbering the bolts when the measuring rod is first measured, kcAnd kdNumbering the bolts when the measuring rod measures for the second time;
calculating to obtain the actual unit length verticality P of the fan tower cylinder:
8. the method for measuring the residual life of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step S6 includes:
the relationship equation of the perpendicularity of the wind turbine tower and the expected maximum value of the life loss factor is as follows:
obtaining an actual life factor L (P) corresponding to the actual unit length perpendicularity P of the wind turbine tower drum through the relational equation, and obtaining the actual operation time T of the wind turbine tower drum according to the actual operation time TrealAnd maximum life loss factor expected value lunitAnd calculating the life degradation factor d of the wind turbine tower:
9. the method for measuring the residual life of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step S7 includes:
obtaining the design service life T of the fan tower cylinder according to the inquiry of a system manual of the fan tower cylinderdesignAnd calculating to obtain the actual residual life T of the tower drum of the fanleft：
10. A system for measuring remaining life of a wind turbine tower, the system comprising:
the tower drum finite element analysis module is used for constructing a finite element analysis model of the fan tower drum and carrying out modal analysis to obtain the characteristic frequency of a first-order mode of the fan tower drum and the effective mass of the corresponding first-order mode;
the stress matrix calculation module is used for calculating the frequency and amplitude of periodic load oscillation generated by the fan tower drum under any historical wind speed when the fan tower drum works according to the acquired historical wind speed data, historical wind direction data, characteristic frequency and effective mass, and calculating the stress matrix of each position of the fan tower drum under any historical wind speed;
the loss factor calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the tower tube material life loss factor of each position of the tower tube at any historical wind speed according to the stress matrix of each position of the wind turbine tower tube at any historical wind speed and the fatigue curve of the tower tube material;
the expected value matrix module is used for calculating a life loss factor expected value matrix caused by the fan tower drum load in unit time under all historical wind speeds under a unit wind direction according to the tower drum material life loss factor, the historical wind speed data and the historical wind direction data of each position of the tower drum under any historical wind speed, and traversing the life loss factor expected value matrix to obtain the maximum expected value of the life loss factor;
the verticality calculation module is used for carrying out actual measurement on the fan tower cylinder to obtain the inclination angle of a flange plate at the top of the tower cylinder and calculating to obtain the verticality of the fan tower cylinder;
the equivalent life loss module is used for acquiring an actual life factor corresponding to the actual perpendicularity of the fan tower drum according to a relation curve of the perpendicularity of the fan tower drum and the maximum expected value of the life loss factor, and calculating the ratio of the actual life factor to the maximum expected value of the life loss factor to obtain a life degradation factor of the fan tower drum;
and the residual life module is used for calculating the actual residual life of the wind turbine tower based on the design service life of the wind turbine tower according to the life deterioration factor of the wind turbine tower and the actual operation time of the wind turbine tower.
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