CN113718094A - Manufacturing method of hot-work die steel medium plate - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of hot-work die steel medium plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113718094A CN113718094A CN202110946127.2A CN202110946127A CN113718094A CN 113718094 A CN113718094 A CN 113718094A CN 202110946127 A CN202110946127 A CN 202110946127A CN 113718094 A CN113718094 A CN 113718094A
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
Abstract
The invention relates to heating, controlled rolling and controlled cooling and annealing heat treatment of a hot work die steel H13 hot work die steel medium plate, belonging to the field of metal hot processing. A manufacturing method of a hot-work die steel medium plate comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: smelting; step two: cogging in a blooming mill; step three: heating the intermediate blank; step four: rolling by a heavy and medium plate mill and controlling cooling; step five: annealing in an electric bell-type furnace under a nitrogen-based protective atmosphere: the invention adopts the steel ingot, the intermediate billet red delivery and red charging technology to reduce the energy consumption and shorten the period of the medium plate; the process comprises the steps of efficient intermediate billet homogenizing heating, steel plate controlled rolling cooling uniform refining technology and electric cover furnace nitrogen-based atmosphere protection annealing, uniform refining of the texture and the grain size of the hot work die steel H13 medium plate is achieved, meanwhile, the surface quality of the hot work die steel medium plate can be obviously improved, the depth of an oxidation decarburization layer is reduced, the machining allowance of die machining is reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to heating, controlled rolling and controlled cooling and annealing heat treatment of a hot work die steel H13 hot work die steel medium plate, belonging to the field of metal hot processing.
Background
H13 is the most widely used hot die steel products in the market at present, the products include modules, forged circles, flat steel and the like, and the specification range of the flat steel is generally that the thickness is less than or equal to 100, the width is less than or equal to 910 and less than or equal to Lmm. Compared with flat steel, the medium plate product has the advantages of wide plate surface, convenient blanking of a die manufacturing enterprise and high material utilization rate, and has larger market demand. At present, H13 medium plate products and medium plate manufacturing methods are blank in China, and therefore the invention creates an efficient and high-quality H13 medium plate (the thickness is less than or equal to 100 multiplied by the width is more than or equal to 1100 multiplied by Lmm) manufacturing method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for manufacturing a hot-work die steel medium plate.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a manufacturing method of a hot-work die steel medium plate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (4) smelting.
Step two: cogging in a blooming mill: the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 750-870 ℃ after the steel ingot is demoulded, and the steel ingot is uniformly thermally insulated for 3-5 hours along with the temperature rise of a heating furnace to 1200-1250 ℃; the initial rolling temperature: 1180-; the intermediate billet is red to turn to the middle plate factory.
Step three: heating the intermediate blank: the intermediate blank with the temperature of 700-.
Step four: rolling and controlled cooling by a heavy and medium plate mill:
the method comprises the steps of removing scale of an intermediate blank by high-pressure water, and quickly cooling to a rolling starting temperature of 1130-1180 ℃; widening and longitudinally rolling the medium plate mill, wherein the final rolling temperature of the steel plate is 800-950 ℃.
Secondly, spraying water mist to the rolled steel plate to cool the steel plate to 400-500 ℃ at a speed of 10-28 ℃/min for air cooling; and (5) air-cooling the steel plate to 150-210 ℃, hoisting the steel plate into the electric bell-type furnace for annealing.
Step five: annealing in the electric bell type furnace under the nitrogen-based protective atmosphere.
Annealing process of electric cover furnace according to 20-30m3The flow rate is changed into controllable nitrogen-based atmosphere; heating at a heating speed of 15-30 ℃/h, keeping the temperature of 780-plus-810 ℃ for 15-18 hours, powering off, opening the outer cover for air cooling, and discharging the steel plate at a temperature of 200-plus-300 ℃.
Further, a hydraulic leveler is adopted to straighten the annealed steel plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the steel ingot, the intermediate billet red delivery and red charging technology to reduce the energy consumption and shorten the period of the medium plate; the process comprises the steps of efficient intermediate billet homogenizing heating, steel plate controlled rolling cooling uniform refining technology and electric cover furnace nitrogen-based atmosphere protection annealing, uniform refining of the texture and the grain size of the hot work die steel H13 medium plate is achieved, meanwhile, the surface quality of the hot work die steel medium plate can be obviously improved, the depth of an oxidation decarburization layer is reduced, the machining allowance of die machining is reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the influence of the segregation and annealing structure of an H13 intermediate slab in the case of non-homogenization according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the influence of liquation and annealed structure of H13 intermediate billet during 1250 deg.C/5H homogenization according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of liquation and annealed structure of H13 intermediate billet during 1300 deg.C/5H homogenization according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cold-rolled microstructure after rolling.
FIG. 5 is a controlled rolling and controlled cooling annealing structure diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to realize the mass production of the hot-work die steel medium plate with high efficiency, high quality and high material utilization rate and fill the blank in the manufacturing method and the market of the hot-work die steel medium plate.
1. Designing a production process flow:
electric converter smelting, LF ladle refining, VD vacuum degassing, flat ingot casting, cogging process of red conveying to a blooming mill, steel ingot red loading, cogging of the blooming mill, red conveying of blank, red loading, efficient homogenization and heating of the blank, high-pressure water descaling, cogging temperature control, rolling to a finished product by a medium plate mill, steel plate spray cooling, air cooling and nitrogen-based protective atmosphere annealing by an electric bell-type furnace.
2. Production process technical design idea
2.1, the steel ingot and the intermediate billet are red by adopting the technology of conveying and red charging (the steel ingot and the intermediate billet are more than or equal to 700 ℃), the annealing procedure of the steel ingot and the intermediate billet is cancelled, the production period of the medium plate is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced.
2.2, the intermediate blank adopts a high-efficiency homogenizing heating (1290-.
In the solidification process of the steel ingot of the hot work die steel H13, coarse columnar crystals, severe dendrite segregation and primary carbides (liquation is also called hypoeutectic carbides) are formed. The homogenization effect is usually achieved by high-temperature diffusion of steel ingots (1240 and 1260 ℃ for 25-30 hours), but the required heat preservation time is longer.
The steel ingot is heated and rolled into an intermediate blank, originally developed columnar crystals and hypoeutectic carbides (liquation) are crushed to a large extent, the dendrite spacing is reduced, if the intermediate blank is diffused and homogenized at high temperature, the distance required by the homogenizing and diffusing of alloy elements is greatly reduced, and the high-temperature diffusion homogenizing and heat preservation time can be shortened. Therefore, the intermediate blank is heated and homogenized at a higher temperature for a short time, and the method has feasibility. FIG. 1 shows the effect of different homogenization temperatures on the liquification (hypoeutectic carbides) and the annealed structure of an H13 intermediate billet.
3. The steel plate controlled rolling and controlled cooling uniform refining technology comprises the following steps:
the steel plate controlled rolling technology comprises the following steps: after the intermediate blank subjected to high-efficiency high-temperature diffusion heating is discharged from the furnace, high-pressure water is adopted for descaling, the intermediate blank is rapidly cooled to the rolling temperature range (1130-. The steel plate with the thickness of more than 40mm is directly rolled into a material by a 2300mm two-roll mill, and the finishing temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃. The thickness of the steel plate is less than 40mm, the steel plate is rolled to 60mm by a two-roller rolling mill, the steel plate is sent to a four-roller universal rolling mill with 2300mm for rolling into a finished product, the rolling temperature of the universal rolling mill is more than or equal to 950 ℃, and the finishing temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃.
The steel plate controlled cooling technology comprises the following steps: if the H13 finish-rolled medium plate is subjected to heap cooling and slow cooling at a high finish rolling temperature, grains grow and secondary carbides are precipitated on grain boundaries to form net-shaped and chain-shaped carbides, so that the uniformity of the steel plate structure and the service life of a die are influenced. The technology inhibits the phenomena of carbide precipitation and grain growth in the steel plate cooling process by carrying out a controlled cooling technology of spraying water mist to cool the steel plate after finish rolling to 400-plus-500 ℃ at a cooling speed of 10-28 ℃/min and then air cooling to 150-plus-210 ℃, thereby realizing the uniform refinement control of the steel plate structure and grain size.
4. Electric bell type furnace nitrogen-based protective atmosphere annealing process
The H13 steel has high Si element content and serious oxidation and decarburization tendency. By adopting a conventional annealing process, the thickness of an oxidation decarburization layer is generally 1.2-3mm, the thickness of an oxidation skin on the surface of a steel plate is more than 1.0mm, and the machining allowance of a steel plate single side machine reaches 3-5mm, so that the material utilization rate is influenced.
The invention adopts the nitrogen-based protective atmosphere annealing process of the electric bell type furnace, and reduces the oxidation and decarburization phenomena of the steel plate in the annealing process, thereby reducing the processing allowance of the die processing and improving the utilization rate of medium plate materials.
The steel plate after controlled rolling and controlled cooling is put into an electric bell type furnace in time for annealing, the whole annealing process adopts nitrogen-based atmosphere protection, and the flow of the controllable nitrogen-based atmosphere is controlled to be 20-30m3H; the temperature rising speed is 15-30 ℃/h; after the temperature is raised to 780-810 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 15-18 hours, the outer cover is lifted, the inner cover keeps the nitrogen-based atmosphere protective steel plate to be cooled to 300 ℃, and then the inner cover is lifted. And finally, air-cooling the steel plate to room temperature.
The production process flow comprises the following steps:
80-ton electric converter, LF ladle refining, VD vacuum degassing → 7.2-ton flat ingot pouring → red delivery and initial rolling process → red charging and heating → 1000mm initial rolling mill cogging → red delivery and middle plate factory → middle plate factory homogenizing and heating → 2300mm middle plate mill rolling → controlled rolling, controlled cooling → electric bell furnace nitrogen base protective atmosphere annealing.
1. And (4) smelting.
2. Cogging in a blooming mill: the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 750-870 ℃ after the steel ingot is demoulded, and the steel ingot is heated to 1200-1250 ℃ along with the furnace after being put into a heating furnace for soaking and heat preservation for 3-5 hours; the initial rolling temperature: 1180-; the intermediate billet is red to turn to the middle plate factory.
3. The intermediate blank homogenizing and heating method is that the temperature of the intermediate blank red blank (the blank temperature is 700-.
4. The controlled rolling technology of the medium plate comprises the following steps: and (3) repeatedly descaling the intermediate billet after discharging the intermediate billet by adopting high-pressure water, rapidly reducing the temperature of the intermediate billet to 1130-. The finishing temperature of the steel plate is controlled to be above 850 ℃.
5. The medium plate cooling control and refining technology comprises the following steps: the medium plate is rapidly cooled to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 10-28 ℃/min by spraying water mist, and then is air-cooled to 150-210 ℃. The technology can inhibit carbide precipitation and grain growth in the cooling process of the steel plate, prevent the formation of reticular and chain-shaped carbides, and realize the uniform refinement control of the microstructure and the grain size of the steel plate.
6. Annealing process of nitrogen-based protective atmosphere of electric bell type furnace:
annealing the medium plate by adopting an electric cover furnace nitrogen-based protective atmosphere:
the method comprises the steps of buckling an inner cover and an outer cover after the steel plate is loaded into a furnace, carrying out sand sealing, introducing nitrogen, blowing air between the inner cover and the outer cover for 30 minutes, and then sending a controllable nitrogen-based atmosphere to the inner cover. The flow rate of the controllable nitrogen-based atmosphere is controlled to be 20-30m3H is used as the reference value. When the oxygen content of the gas discharged from the inner cover is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the power is supplied to raise the temperature.
(2) The temperature rise speed is 15-30 ℃/h, the temperature is 780-plus-810 ℃, the temperature is kept for 15-18 hours, then the outer cover is hung and opened for air cooling, the steel plate in the inner cover is cooled to 200-plus-300 ℃ in the nitrogen-based protective atmosphere, and the inner cover is hung and opened to ensure that the steel plate is air cooled to the room temperature.
7. Straightening by a flattening machine: and straightening the annealed steel plate by using a hydraulic leveler to ensure that the flatness of the plate surface is less than or equal to 1 mm/m.
Examples
1. Smelting: adopting an 80 electric converter, LF and VD to smelt H13 steel and cast 10 flat ingots of 7.2 tons; and (5) carrying out a slab ingot red conveying and primary rolling process.
TABLE 1H 13 melting end product chemistry (% by mass)
2. Cogging in a 1000mm blooming mill: the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 780 ℃ after the steel ingot is demoulded, and the steel ingot is put into a heating furnace and then is heated to 1250 ℃ along with the furnace for soaking and heat preservation for 3 hours.
The initial rolling temperature: 1195 ℃ and the finishing temperature of 960 ℃. Rolling specification of the intermediate billet: 230X 1050X 2150mm, intermediate blank red-turn plate mill.
3. Efficient homogenizing and heating of intermediate blanks in a medium plate factory: the intermediate blank is put into a chamber type heating furnace with the furnace temperature of 800 ℃, and the charging temperature of the blank is 780 ℃. Heating to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and then discharging.
4. Rolling by a 2300mm heavy and medium plate rolling mill:
the method has the advantages that steel billets discharged from the heating furnace are repeatedly descaled by high-pressure water, the scale is removed completely, and the intermediate billets are rapidly cooled to the rolling temperature of 1160 ℃.
And broadening blanks of the two rolling mills to 1600mm, and then longitudinally rolling.
Firstly, directly rolling the steel plates into steel plates with the thickness of 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45 and 40mm by a two-roll mill, and controlling the finishing temperature to be 930 ℃.
Rolling the steel plates to 60mm thick by a second rolling mill, sending the steel plates to a four-roller universal rolling mill, rolling the steel plates to 35 mm, 30 mm, 25 mm and 20 mm thick steel plates at the beginning rolling temperature of 950 ℃, and rolling the steel plates to the final rolling temperature of 860 ℃.
5. Hot steel plate straightening of four-roller straightening machine
The steel plate is repeatedly straightened by the straightening machine, and the unevenness of the steel plate is less than or equal to 5 mm/m.
6. Controlling and cooling the steel plate:
after the straightened steel plate reaches a cooling bed, rapidly cooling the steel plate to 450 ℃ at 18 ℃/min by spraying water mist, and then carrying out air cooling; and (4) air-cooling the steel plate to 180 ℃, hoisting the steel plate and feeding the steel plate into the electric bell-type furnace for annealing.
7. Nitrogen-based protective atmosphere annealing in electric bell furnace
The method comprises the steps of buckling an inner cover, sealing with sand, and after buckling an outer cover, introducing nitrogen, and blowing air between the inner cover and the outer cover in a cooling mode for 30 minutes. The inner cover is changed into controllable nitrogen-based atmosphere, and the flow rate of the controllable nitrogen-based atmosphere is controlled to be 25m3/h。
(2) The oxygen content of the gas discharged from the inner cover was 0.1%, and the temperature was raised by supplying electricity. Heating at a speed of 25 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 18 hours, powering off, opening the outer cover for air cooling, stopping blowing the nitrogen-based protective atmosphere when the steel plate is cooled to 300 ℃, opening the inner cover, and cooling the steel plate to room temperature.
8. Flattener straightening
And straightening the annealed steel plate by adopting a 2500-ton hydraulic leveling machine to ensure that the flatness of the plate surface is less than or equal to 1 mm/m.
9. And (3) carrying out effect comparison:
TABLE 2 Effect of implementation
The hot work die steel medium plate produced by the method has the characteristics of short production period and low energy consumption, and has the advantages of uniform annealing structure, ultrafine crystal grains, small oxidation and decarburization degrees and high material utilization rate.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications within the scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art are covered by the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for manufacturing a hot-work die steel medium plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: smelting;
step two: cogging in a blooming mill: the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 750-870 ℃ after the steel ingot is demoulded, and the steel ingot is uniformly thermally insulated for 3-5 hours along with the temperature rise of a heating furnace to 1200-1250 ℃; the initial rolling temperature: 1180-; the middle blank is red and transferred to a middle plate factory;
step three: heating the intermediate blank: placing the intermediate blank at the temperature of 700-;
step four: rolling and controlled cooling by a heavy and medium plate mill:
the method comprises the steps of descaling an intermediate billet by high-pressure water, and quickly cooling to a rolling start temperature of 1130-1180 ℃; widening and longitudinally rolling the medium plate rolling mill, wherein the final rolling temperature of the steel plate is 800-950 ℃;
secondly, spraying water mist to the rolled steel plate to cool the steel plate to 400-500 ℃ at a speed of 10-28 ℃/min for air cooling; the steel plate is air-cooled to 150 ℃ and 210 ℃, and is hoisted to be sent into the electric bell-type furnace for annealing;
step five: annealing in an electric bell-type furnace under a nitrogen-based protective atmosphere:
annealing process of electric cover furnace according to 20-30m3The flow rate is changed into controllable nitrogen-based atmosphere; heating at a heating speed of 15-30 ℃/h, keeping the temperature of 780-plus-810 ℃ for 15-18 hours, powering off, opening the outer cover for air cooling, and discharging the steel plate at a temperature of 200-plus-300 ℃.
2. The method for manufacturing a hot work die steel medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: and straightening the annealed steel plate by adopting a hydraulic leveler.
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