CN113717187A - 运用荧光寿命成像揭示内质网修复机制的荧光探针及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

运用荧光寿命成像揭示内质网修复机制的荧光探针及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN113717187A
CN113717187A CN202111094053.0A CN202111094053A CN113717187A CN 113717187 A CN113717187 A CN 113717187A CN 202111094053 A CN202111094053 A CN 202111094053A CN 113717187 A CN113717187 A CN 113717187A
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张瑞龙
陈娟
韩光梅
刘正杰
张忠平
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种运用荧光寿命成像揭示内质网修复机制的荧光探针及其制备方法和用途,涉及荧光探针技术领域,结构式如下:
Figure DDA0003268430240000011
本发明提供一种荧光探针,该探针能够同时定位溶酶体和内质网,联合共聚焦成像和FLIM,不仅可以实时定量监测内质网的自噬、损伤程度及修复过程,从而揭示内质网的修复机制;而且发现了甘油三酯在内质网自噬过程中的修复作用,以及甘油三酯可能有部分抑制内质网自噬的作用。

Description

运用荧光寿命成像揭示内质网修复机制的荧光探针及其制备 方法和用途
技术领域:
本发明涉及荧光探针技术领域,具体涉及一种运用荧光寿命成像揭示内质网修复机制的荧光探针及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术:
内质网(Endoplasmic reticulum,ER)是一种组织良好的细胞质膜质细胞器,富含核糖体和其他功能蛋白,包裹在磷脂双分子层中,磷脂膜的内翻创造了一个大的表面积来执行各种重要的生理功能,如蛋白质的合成、折叠和修饰以及细胞内磷脂和Ca2+离子的存储。此外,由于内质网具有加工和供应磷脂的能力,细胞中的大多数膜(如质膜、线粒体、高尔基体、核内体、溶酶体)与内质网活性密切相关。因此,在细胞从增殖、分化、衰老到最终死亡的整个生命周期中,ER是一个关键的细胞器。即使在正常生理状态下,细胞内内质网的完整性也经常被生化反应破坏并不断被修复。功能失调的内质网通过自噬(被溶酶体吞噬)自发去除应激,如活性氧(ROS)和药物的添加,增强内质网自噬和损伤,甚至可以触发细胞死亡。作为对损伤的回应,细胞有一种内在的机制来修复内质网。
透射电镜(TEM)可以确定内质网的超微结构及其与溶酶体的相互作用,而蛋白免疫印迹等集成技术可以量化自噬相关蛋白的表达水平。尽管有这些进展,这些技术仍不能监测活细胞中的动态ER行为。在这方面,荧光成像可以利用分子探针跟踪活细胞中许多细胞器(如ER、溶酶体、脂滴)的行为在内质网自噬研究中,具有独特发射的荧光探针可以同时标记内质网和溶酶体,但这些传统的荧光团在梳理内质网自噬和恢复的详细过程和机制方面存在以下问题。首先,目前的成像探针结合共聚焦显微镜无法量化内质网损伤的程度,因为释放到细胞质中的探针(受损的内质网被溶酶体处理后)发出的荧光信号与完整内质网中的相同。其次,多种探针的使用增加了内质网自噬,因为多种药物的联合细胞毒性,所以解决这些限制是至关重要的,不仅对于监测活细胞内内质网自噬和破坏的动态,而且对于理解内质网恢复的机制也是如此。
针对这个多方面的问题,我们设计了一种多功能探针,具有荧光颜色和寿命随环境变化而变化的特点。当与共聚焦显微镜相结合时,由于其在不同pH值下的独特发射,这一单一探针可以同时标记ER和溶酶体,结合荧光寿命成像显微镜(FLIM)可以区分ER膜上的染料和溶酶体消化后释放到细胞质中的染料。这种“一个探针两种成像模式(共聚焦和FLIM)”的方法是研究活细胞内质网自噬破坏和恢复的理想方法。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种荧光探针,该探针能够同时定位溶酶体和内质网,联合共聚焦成像和FLIM,不仅可以实时定量监测内质网的自噬、损伤程度及修复过程,从而揭示内质网的修复机制;而且发现了甘油三酯在内质网自噬过程中的修复作用,以及甘油三酯可能有部分抑制内质网自噬的作用。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现:
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种化合物,简写为RHC,结构式如下:
Figure BDA0003268430220000021
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种化合物RHC的制备方法,以罗丹明B作为起始原料,罗丹明B与乙二胺反应得到化合物1,化合物1与7-羟基-3-乙酸香豆素反应得到化合物RHC。
合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0003268430220000031
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种化合物RHC在制备荧光探针中的用途。
所述荧光探针同时定位溶酶体和内质网,对不同环境有着不同的荧光寿命响应。
所述荧光探针联合共聚焦和荧光寿命成像,定量监测内质网的自噬、损伤程度及修复过程,并且揭示了内质网的修复机制。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、乙二胺桥和罗丹明B中的多个碱性氨基增强了RHC进入酸性溶酶体的能力,RHC分子总体上是两亲性的,log P值为1.68,促进其与磷脂膜结合。
2、RHC染料仅发出蓝色荧光,而此时罗丹明B基团不发出红色荧光,因为螺环破坏了罗丹明B的共轭结构,与ER膜相连时探针也发出蓝色荧光。在酸性环境中,如溶酶体的腔侧(pH~5.0),RHC发出红色荧光,因为螺旋环被酸裂解,从而恢复了罗丹明B的共轭,而香豆素基团几乎没有荧光。
3、当内质网损伤时,探针从溶酶体中释放到细胞质中,由于螺环的可逆性,从溶酶体释放的探针会从红色变为蓝色。由于香豆素基团与水环境(如细胞质中)之间形成氢键,产生无辐射过程,与磷脂环境相比,寿命大大缩短,RHC蓝色发射在ER膜上的寿命值(τ)明显长于RHC在细胞质中的寿命值(τ’),这为定量测量ER损伤程度提供了另一种方法。
附图说明:
图1为RHC探针的两种成像模式示意图:(a)RHC探针的分子结构及其荧光发射随着pH值的变化而变化,在中性pH值下,RHC发出以455nm为中心的蓝色荧光,而在酸性pH值下,如溶酶体内部,其荧光发射转移到580nm的橙红色;(b)通过自噬(被溶酶体吞噬)破坏内质网的示意图,当溶酶体破裂时,从最初标记的内质网消化的RHC被释放到细胞质中;(c)RHC寿命变化,根据在FLIM下RHC的荧光寿命(τ),可以区分细胞质中的RHC以及与重新恢复连接在ER的RHC分子;
图2为溶液中的RHC荧光:(a)RHC(10μM)在PBS缓冲液(pH 7.0)和脂质体(1mg/mL卵磷脂)溶液中激发365nm和酸性缓冲液(pH 5.0)激发540nm下的荧光光谱,插图中的图像是在365nm紫外灯下拍摄的;(b)加入脂质体溶液后,RHC(10μM)在455nm处的荧光衰减;(c)RHC在455nm处的浓度依赖性荧光寿命,误差棒表示5次测试结果的平均误差;(d)10μM RHC脂质体囊泡的整体FLIM图像和不同寿命值的拟合图像;(e)10μM RHC液滴的FLIM图像;(f)两个拟合组分在4.08±0.22和1.48±0.15ns的比例,对于FLIM,激发在405nm,发射在430-460nm光谱范围内采集;
图3为使用RHC和商业染料对HeLa细胞进行荧光成像,细胞与RHC孵育,然后分别用内质网绿色商染(上图)和溶酶体深红色商染(下图)处理,内质网商染和溶酶体商染的激发波长分别为504和630nm,发射波长分别为510-530nm和640-660nm;
图4为HeLa细胞的FLIM:(a)用4μM RHC单独孵育15min;(b)用20μM TB处理5h,然后用4μM RHC孵育15min;
图5为内质网自噬的动态:(a,b)TB处理细胞的时间依赖性共聚焦成像和FLIM成像,HeLa细胞与RHC共孵育15min,再用20μM TB处理;(c)a和b中红色通道的荧光强度和蓝色通道的荧光寿命;(d)拟合的FLIM图像和红色通道图像之间的皮尔逊相关系数;(e)自噬标志蛋白在TB处理细胞中的免疫蛋白印迹实验,误差柱代表标准差(±SD);
图6为甘油三酯(TG)促进ER再生的FLIM成像:(a)TG和Tat-Beclin 1(TB)处理的细胞的荧光和FLIM图像,细胞被TG-loaded胶束(F127)孵化12h,并按顺序处理20μM TB处理5h和4μM RHC 15min;(b)TB处理组,TG和TB共同处理组的红色通道的荧光强度和蓝色通道的荧光寿命;(c)对照组、TB处理组、TG和TB联合处理组细胞中的自噬蛋白的免疫蛋白印迹实验;(d)细胞内脂滴(LDs)的荧光成像;(e)细胞内LDs区的演变,用载TG的胶束(F127)孵育细胞12h,然后脂滴商染孵育10min和20μM TB,误差柱代表标准差(±SD);
图7为FLIM成像揭示内质网再生途径:(a)TG和TB处理的细胞阴性对照实验,1组为用载TG的胶束(F127)孵育细胞12h,然后依次用20μM TB处理细胞5h,4μM RHC处理细胞15min;2组为激素敏感脂肪酶抑制剂(30μM HSL-IN-3)预处理12h,含TG的脂质体(F127)再处理12h,20μM TB处理5h,4μM RHC处理15min;3组为脂肪酶抑制剂(20μM Atglistatin)预处理12h,含TG的脂质体(F127)再处理12h,20μM TB处理5h,4μM RHC处理15min;4组为20μMAtglistatin,30μM HSL-IN-3共同预处理组;(b)红色通道的荧光强度和a中蓝色通道的荧光寿命;(c)在脂肪酶抑制剂存在和不存在的情况下,TG和TB处理的细胞中自噬标志蛋白的蛋白免疫印迹实验;(d)甘油三酯通过部分抑制自噬,为内质网膜前体材料,促进内质网再生示意图;(e)不含甘油三酯的ER破坏示意图,误差柱代表标准差(±SD)。
具体实施方式:
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例和图示,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1:探针RHC的合成
先将罗丹明B(0.44g,1mmol)溶解到50mL乙醇中,加热回流至罗丹明B完全溶解,然后将500μL乙二胺缓慢滴加于上述溶液中。加热回流12h后,将反应液冷却至室温后将大量溶液旋干,向剩余少量液体中加入大量蒸馏水,产生大量粉色沉淀,将析出的粉色沉淀经过滤后干燥,所得产物为化合物1,无需后续处理可以直接投入下一步使用,产率为84%。1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.95-7.86(m,1H),7.52-7.41(m,2H),7.15-7.06(m,1H),6.45(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.39(d,J=2.6Hz,2H),6.29(dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,2H),3.35(q,J=7.2Hz,8H),1.18(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).HR-MS(m/z,ESI)Calculated for C30H36N4O2 m/z=484.2838[M+H].Foundm/z=485.2775.
将化合物1(0.48g,1mmol)溶解到CH2Cl2/DMF(V:V=5:1)混合溶剂中,然后加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIEA,0.135g,2mmol)加速溶解,然后加入O-苯并三唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基-脲-六氟磷酸盐(HBTU,0.48g,2mmol)对羧基进行活化1h后,将7-羟基-3-乙酸香豆素(0.22g,1mmo)加入上述溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌反应24h。点板至原料反应完全,反应结束后,将大量溶剂旋干(CH2Cl2),剩下的少量液体(DMF)倒入大量的蒸馏水后,有大量白色沉淀产生,析出的固体经过滤后干燥后进一步通过柱层析分离提纯,所用洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:甲醇=20:1,得到白色固体即为目标分子RHC,产率为50%。1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz,δ),1HNMR(400MHz,)δ=7.99(t,J=5.5,1H),7.79–7.69(m,1H),7.49–7.33(m,3H),6.97–6.87(m,1H),6.70–6.56(m,2H),6.31(d,J=9.6,7H),5.93(s,1H),3.41(s,2H),3.25(q,J=7.1,8H),3.04(t,J=7.3,2H),2.80(dd,J=13.1,7.0,2H),1.18(s,1H),1.02(t,J=7.0,13H).13C-NMR(CDCl3100 MHz,δ):170.23,168.60,161.92,155.50,153.65,153.34,149.73,149.09,133.16,130.03,128.47,128.35,125.74,123.92,123.14,114.05,112.20,111.32,108.44,104.41,103.53,97.84,65.94,44.41,40.96,40.00,39.39,12.63.HR-MS(m/z,ESI)Calculated for C39H26N7O6 m/z=686.3401[M+H].Foundm/z=687.3183.
实施例2:探针RHC的生物学研究
1、分别使用探针RHC与内质网和溶酶体的商染进行共定位,证明探针RHC可以同时定位溶酶体和内质网,这为观察内质网自噬奠定了基础。
2、使用经典的自噬药物TB诱导内质网自噬,观察细胞在正常与非正常状态下,蓝色通道(定位内质网的通道)的荧光寿命变化;证明探针RHC可以通过荧光寿命实时定量监测内质网的损伤程度。
3、在使用TG和TB共同培养细胞,观察蓝色通道荧光寿命变化,发现变化不大,证明TG对内质网的自噬有修复作用,并且TG在一定程度上抑制了自噬。
4、使用分解TG的甘油三酯脂肪酶和激素敏感脂肪酶的抑制剂Atglistatin与HSL-IN-3,证实TG通过甘油三酯脂肪酶和激素敏感脂肪酶分解产生的甘油二酯和脂肪酸为内质网结构提供合成的前体并通过部分抑制自噬,促进内质网再生的机制。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种化合物,简写为RHC,其特征在于,结构式如下:
Figure FDA0003268430210000011
2.权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:以罗丹明B作为起始原料,罗丹明B与乙二胺反应得到化合物1,化合物1与7-羟基-3-乙酸香豆素反应得到化合物RHC;
合成路线如下:
Figure FDA0003268430210000012
3.权利要求1所述的化合物在制备荧光探针中的用途。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:所述荧光探针同时定位溶酶体和内质网,对不同环境有着不同的荧光寿命响应。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:所述荧光探针联合共聚焦和荧光寿命成像,定量监测内质网的自噬、损伤程度及修复过程,并且揭示了内质网的修复机制。
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