CN113716916A - 一种尾矿基人造园林土壤及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种尾矿基人造园林土壤及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113716916A
CN113716916A CN202110974966.5A CN202110974966A CN113716916A CN 113716916 A CN113716916 A CN 113716916A CN 202110974966 A CN202110974966 A CN 202110974966A CN 113716916 A CN113716916 A CN 113716916A
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tailing
powder
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高宏宇
宋桢桢
苏迪
程芳琴
范远
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Abstract

一种尾矿基人造园林土壤及其制备方法，属于固废资源化利用和生态修复技术领域，目的在于解决尾矿资源化利用问题和优质土壤资源紧张问题，其制备过程为：尾矿磨粉后，加入胶凝料和水制浆，再向浆液中配加发泡剂注模发泡，发泡体养护成型后，将型块破碎成颗粒，即得尾矿基人造园林土壤。本发明以尾矿为主要原料制备人造园林土壤不仅可以大规模高效利用尾矿，而且可以提供一种具有保水性、抗流失性、透气性、保温性等优良性能土壤的来源，可用于生态修复，有利于植物生长和防止水土流失。

Description

一种尾矿基人造园林土壤及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于固废资源化利用和生态修复技术领域，具体涉及一种尾矿基人造园林土壤及其制备方法。
背景技术
尾矿是选矿分选作业中产生的固体废弃物，占用大量土地、堆存投资大并且堆存还容易造成矿区环境污染、水土流失、制备破坏等问题，是目前堆存量最大的工业固体废弃物之一，急需资源化高效利用。
另一方面，由于全球很大一部分土壤处于不健康、亚健康状态，具有保水性、抗流失性、保温性等优良特性的土壤较少，土壤资源日趋紧张，所以制作一种具有多种优良土壤特性的人造园林土壤是目前解决优质土壤资源稀缺问题的重要途径之一。
目前利用尾矿做人造园林土壤的相关研究和专利报道较少，国内专利“一种高寒高海拔地区铜尾矿土壤化的方法”（公开号：CN112243626A）公开了以铜尾矿为主要原料，经过筛分、铺洒发酵混合物、翻耕、覆土并施加保水剂、铺洒草木灰等步骤后达到可以种植植物的效果；国内专利“基于矿山修复的铁尾矿综合处理方法”（公开号：CN111828087A）公开了将相应质量组分的铁尾矿粉、工业废浆、增稠剂搅拌混合制得第一填充浆液，将相应质量组分的铁尾矿粉、工业废浆、土、保水剂、增稠剂、木纤维搅拌混合制得第二填充浆液，将相应质量组分的铁尾矿粉、土、保水剂、木纤维、种子以及辅料搅拌混合制得种植料，然后按顺序进行填充和喷播植被层从而达到矿山修复的目的。尚未发现有关尾矿制备人造土壤的专利文献报道。
为了解决尾矿资源化利用问题和优质土壤资源紧张问题，本发明提出一种尾矿基人造园林土壤的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决尾矿资源化利用问题和优质土壤资源紧张问题，以尾矿为主要原料，通过无机胶凝、发泡、养护、干燥、制粒等技术手段，制备一种尾矿基人造园林土壤。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，包括如下质量百分数的组分：85-97%的尾矿粉和3-15%的胶凝料，占尾矿粉和胶凝料总质量0.1-0.3%的发泡剂，水灰比为0.6-0.7。
进一步地，所述尾矿粉包括无机矿物尾矿进行磨粉，平均粒径小于100目。
进一步地，所述尾矿粉包括洗选尾矿/尾泥或湿法冶金尾泥进行磨粉。
进一步地，所述尾矿粉包括铁尾矿、铜尾矿、赤泥、高岭土泥和石膏中的任意一种进行磨粉。
进一步地，所述胶凝料包括普硅水泥、粉煤灰水泥和自胶凝粉体中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述自胶凝粉体包括如下质量比的组分：粉煤灰：钢渣：电石渣：磷石膏或脱硫石膏比例为60-70:15-25:5-15:5-10。
进一步地，所述发泡剂包括铝粉、双氧水和小苏打中的任意一种。
一种尾矿基人造园林土壤的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步，原料预处理，将尾矿原料进行磨粉加工处理，得到尾矿粉，尾矿粉的平均粒度小于100目；
第二步，定量配料：按比例称取尾矿粉、胶凝料、发泡剂和水；
第三步，制浆：将尾矿粉、胶凝料和水加入搅拌罐中搅拌制浆，搅拌5-10min后，加入发泡剂，再继续搅拌30-60s；
第四步，注浆发泡：将第三步得到的浆料倒入模具中，静停发泡15-30min，得到发泡体；
第五步，养护成型：将第四步得到的发泡体及模具一同置入养护箱中进行养护，养护温度为20-70℃，养护时间12-65h，得到成型发泡体；
第六步，脱模烘干：将第五步得到的成型发泡体，从模具中脱出，并置于50-120℃烘箱中烘干；
第七步，制粒：将第六步所得的干燥成型发泡体置入辊压破碎机中进行制粒，制得粒度小于5mm的尾矿基人造园林土壤。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明以尾矿为主要原料制备尾矿基人造园林土壤，不仅可以大规模高效利用尾矿，而且可以解决优质土壤紧张的问题，有利于大规模改善矿区生态修复现状和防止水土流失。本发明尾矿基人造园林土壤的制备过程简单易行，原料成本低，易于工业化规模生产和产业化推广。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备流程图；
图2为本发明的产品图；
图3为本发明的尾矿基人造园林土壤的SEM图，其中，a为低倍数SEM图，b为高倍数SEM图；
图4为天然黄土的SEM图，其中，a为低倍数SEM图，b为高倍数SEM图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的原料及配方为：100目筛下的尾矿粉96%，普硅42.5水泥4%，铝粉0.1%，水灰比0.62。制备过程为：先将尾矿原料进行磨粉至100目筛下，然后分别定量称尾矿粉960g，普硅42.5水泥40g，铝粉1g，自来水620g；将尾矿粉、水泥和水，分别加入搅拌罐中，按照800转/分钟的转速搅拌5分钟；再加入发泡剂，并以1200转/分钟的搅拌速度继续搅拌30秒钟；然后迅速将浆体倒入100×100×200毫米的钢制模具中，静停发泡30分钟；将发泡体及模具一同放入养护箱中进行养护，养护温度为50℃，养护时间20小时；从烘箱中取出发泡体及模具，并从模具中脱出发泡体型块，置于105℃烘箱中烘20小时；再将烘干后的发泡体置入辊压破碎机中进行制粒，制得粒度小于5毫米的尾矿基人造园林土壤。
实施例2
本实施例的原料及配方为：100目筛下的尾矿粉93%，普硅42.5水泥7%，铝粉0.3%，水灰比0.7。制备过程为：先将尾矿原料进行磨粉至100目筛下，然后分别定量称尾矿粉930g，普硅42.5水泥70g，铝粉3g，自来水700g；将尾矿粉、水泥和水，分别加入搅拌罐中，按照800转/分钟的转速搅拌5分钟；再加入发泡剂，并以1200转/分钟的搅拌速度继续搅拌30秒钟；然后迅速将浆体倒入100×100×200毫米的钢制模具中，静停发泡30分钟；将发泡体及模具一同放入养护箱中进行养护，养护温度为40℃，养护时间25小时；从烘箱中取出发泡体及模具，并从模具中脱出发泡体型块，置于105℃烘箱中烘30小时；再将烘干后的发泡体置入辊压破碎机中进行制粒，制得粒度小于5毫米的尾矿基人造园林土壤。
实施例3
本实施例的原料及配方为：100目筛下的尾矿粉90%，普硅42.5水泥10%，铝粉0.3%，水灰比0.7。制备过程为：先将尾矿原料进行磨粉至100目筛下，然后分别定量称尾矿粉900g，普硅42.5水泥100g，铝粉3g，自来水700g；将尾矿粉、水泥和水，分别加入搅拌罐中，按照800转/分钟的转速搅拌5分钟；再加入发泡剂，并以1200转/分钟的搅拌速度继续搅拌30秒钟；然后迅速将浆体倒入100×100×200毫米的钢制模具中，静停发泡30分钟；将发泡体及模具一同放入养护箱中进行养护，养护温度为50℃，养护时间15小时；从烘箱中取出发泡体及模具，并从模具中脱出发泡体型块，置于105℃烘箱中烘20小时；再将烘干后的发泡体置入辊压破碎机中进行制粒，制得粒度小于5毫米的尾矿基人造园林土壤。
本发明实施例的性能指标与天然黄土对比如下表所示。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
*注：本天然黄土采集于山西省长治市襄垣县市政绿化种植土。

Claims (8)

1.一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，其特征在于：包括如下质量百分数的组分：85-97%的尾矿粉和3-15%的胶凝料，占尾矿粉和胶凝料总质量0.1-0.3%的发泡剂，水灰比为0.6-0.7。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，其特征在于：所述尾矿粉包括无机矿物尾矿进行磨粉，平均粒径小于100目。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，其特征在于：所述尾矿粉包括洗选尾矿/尾泥或湿法冶金尾泥进行磨粉。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，其特征在于：所述尾矿粉包括铁尾矿、铜尾矿、赤泥、高岭土泥和石膏中的任意一种进行磨粉。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，其特征在于：所述胶凝料包括普硅水泥、粉煤灰水泥和自胶凝粉体中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，其特征在于：所述自胶凝粉体包括如下质量比的组分：粉煤灰：钢渣：电石渣：磷石膏或脱硫石膏比例为60-70:15-25:5-15:5-10。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种尾矿基人造园林土壤，其特征在于：所述发泡剂包括铝粉、双氧水和小苏打中的任意一种。
8.一种尾矿基人造园林土壤的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
第一步，原料预处理，将尾矿原料进行磨粉加工处理，得到尾矿粉，尾矿粉的平均粒度小于100目；
第二步，定量配料：按比例称取尾矿粉、胶凝料、发泡剂和水；
第三步，制浆：将尾矿粉、胶凝料和水加入搅拌罐中搅拌制浆，搅拌5-10min后，加入发泡剂，再继续搅拌30-60s；
第四步，注浆发泡：将第三步得到的浆料倒入模具中，静停发泡15-30min，得到发泡体；
第五步，养护成型：将第四步得到的发泡体及模具一同置入养护箱中进行养护，养护温度为20-70℃，养护时间12-65h，得到成型发泡体；
第六步，脱模烘干：将第五步得到的成型发泡体，从模具中脱出，并置于50-120℃烘箱中烘干；
第七步，制粒：将第六步所得的干燥成型发泡体置入辊压破碎机中进行制粒，制得粒度小于5mm的尾矿基人造园林土壤。
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