CN113714829B - Large-size three-axis automatic posture adjustment tool design and operation method - Google Patents

Large-size three-axis automatic posture adjustment tool design and operation method Download PDF

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CN113714829B
CN113714829B CN202110972993.9A CN202110972993A CN113714829B CN 113714829 B CN113714829 B CN 113714829B CN 202110972993 A CN202110972993 A CN 202110972993A CN 113714829 B CN113714829 B CN 113714829B
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CN113714829A (en
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李特
刘海波
刘行健
徐宝德
李昊杰
陈一同
刘阔
王永青
郭东明
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06Work-clamping means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/46Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with screw pairs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/20Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/22Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
    • B23Q15/26Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece of angular position
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装及操作方法,属于自动化夹具领域。该大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装由底座、A轴调整单元、B轴调整单元、C轴调整单元组成。该三轴自动调姿工装可实现大尺寸结构件的整体装夹姿态自动测量与调姿,操作简单、高效、精度高;整体结构紧凑,适用于安装可用空间小的数控机床;高刚性结构设计以及辅助锁紧机构,提高了数控加工的可靠性、安全性。本发明提出的大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装解决了人工装夹复杂构件精度低、可靠性差的问题,实现了工件的自动识别、自动调整,具有高精度、高刚度、可靠性好、结构紧凑等特点。

Figure 202110972993

The invention provides a large-size three-axis automatic posture adjustment tool and an operation method, and belongs to the field of automatic fixtures. The large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool is composed of a base, an A-axis adjustment unit, a B-axis adjustment unit, and a C-axis adjustment unit. The three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool can realize automatic measurement and attitude adjustment of the overall clamping attitude of large-sized structural parts, with simple operation, high efficiency and high precision; the overall structure is compact, suitable for the installation of CNC machine tools with small available space; high rigidity structure design And the auxiliary locking mechanism improves the reliability and safety of CNC machining. The large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tooling provided by the invention solves the problems of low precision and poor reliability of manual clamping of complex components, realizes automatic identification and automatic adjustment of workpieces, and has high precision, high rigidity, good reliability and compact structure. Features.

Figure 202110972993

Description

大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装设计及操作方法Design and operation method of large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool

技术领域technical field

本发明属于自动化夹具技术领域,涉及大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装设计及操作方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of automated fixtures, and relates to the design and operation method of a large-size three-axis automatic posture adjustment tool.

背景技术Background technique

在航空航天等高端装备制造领域,存在多品类回转体构件、燃料贮箱、舱段等大尺寸、弱刚性复杂构件需要精密加工。在数控加工过程中,对构件定位姿态的精准调整和可靠装夹是确保整体加工质量的关键环节之一。然而,现有机械式工装不具备自动调整功能,只能依靠人工打表、“垫/敲”经验式调整,为此,有必要设计出适用于大尺寸构件的高可靠自动调姿工装,从而提升复杂构件的整体数控加工质量和效率。In the field of high-end equipment manufacturing such as aerospace, there are many types of rotating body components, fuel tanks, cabins and other large-sized, weakly rigid and complex components that require precision machining. In the process of CNC machining, precise adjustment and reliable clamping of the positioning posture of components is one of the key links to ensure the overall machining quality. However, the existing mechanical tooling does not have the function of automatic adjustment, and can only rely on manual punching and "pad/knock" empirical adjustment. Improve the overall CNC machining quality and efficiency of complex components.

近年来,有诸多机构对自动调姿工装展开了研究。2020年,哈尔滨理工大学在专利CN111571171A中公开了“一种筒类舱段自动化柔顺装配装置及方法”。该方案采用多轴叠加的方式,使舱段可以完成五个自由度位置和姿态的调整。但由于各自由度的驱动装置相互叠加,导致整体尺寸较大,不适用于数控机床安装空间受限的情况。2016年,西北工业大学在专利CN106043736B中公开了“一种用于飞机部件调姿的串并联机械结构及调姿方法”。采用串并联机构为整个调姿工装的主体结构,控制托板三个方向以及并联机构的三个运动轴,共六个轴的运动。但是该工装刚性较差,承载能力小,仅适用于中小部件。In recent years, many institutions have carried out research on automatic posture adjustment tooling. In 2020, Harbin University of Science and Technology disclosed "an automatic and flexible assembly device and method for tubular cabin sections" in patent CN111571171A. The scheme adopts the method of multi-axis superposition, so that the cabin can complete the adjustment of the position and attitude of five degrees of freedom. However, since the driving devices of each degree of freedom are superimposed on each other, the overall size is large, which is not suitable for the limited installation space of CNC machine tools. In 2016, Northwestern Polytechnical University disclosed "a series-parallel mechanical structure and an attitude adjustment method for aircraft component attitude adjustment" in patent CN106043736B. The series-parallel mechanism is used as the main structure of the entire posture adjustment tool, which controls the three directions of the pallet and the three movement axes of the parallel mechanism, a total of six axes of movement. However, the tooling has poor rigidity and small bearing capacity, and is only suitable for small and medium parts.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明主要解决的技术问题是克服上述装置的不足,针对舱体类复杂构件装夹姿态调整问题,发明了一种大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装。该工装基于双目视觉测量的姿态信息,可实现装夹同轴度偏差的自动调整;设计了紧凑型、高可靠性的大尺寸三轴调姿与锁紧机构,实现数控机床受限安装空间下的大尺寸构件姿态调整与保持;提出了基于定位销孔位姿信息的自动调姿策略。The main technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned devices, and to solve the problem of adjusting the clamping posture of complex components such as cabins, a large-sized three-axis automatic posture-adjusting tool is invented. The tooling is based on the attitude information of binocular vision measurement, which can realize the automatic adjustment of the coaxiality deviation of the clamping; a compact, high-reliability large-size three-axis attitude adjustment and locking mechanism is designed to realize the limited installation space of CNC machine tools The attitude adjustment and maintenance of large-scale components under the condition of locating pin holes are proposed; an automatic attitude adjustment strategy based on the position and attitude information of the positioning pin holes is proposed.

为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

一种大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装,包括底座Ⅰ、A轴调整单元Ⅱ、B轴调整单元Ⅲ和C轴旋转单元Ⅳ;A large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool, including base I, A-axis adjustment unit II, B-axis adjustment unit III and C-axis rotation unit IV;

所述的底座Ⅰ用于大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装与机床连接,实现工装的固定;The base I is used to connect the large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool to the machine tool to realize the fixation of the tool;

所述的A轴调整单元Ⅱ包括A轴伺服电机1、A轴传动机构2、A轴旋转平台3、支撑机构4和A轴锁紧机构5;The A-axis adjustment unit II includes an A-axis servo motor 1, an A-axis transmission mechanism 2, an A-axis rotary platform 3, a support mechanism 4 and an A-axis locking mechanism 5;

所述的A轴伺服电机1卧式安装;所述的A轴传动机构2主要由蜗杆201、蜗轮202、滚动轴承203和驱动齿轮204组成,蜗杆201与A轴伺服电机1的输出轴通过联轴器连接,经过蜗轮202和蜗杆201传动,实现运动变向;蜗轮202、滚动轴承203、驱动齿轮204同轴布置,实现运动传递;驱动齿轮204与A轴旋转平台3之间通过轮齿啮合带动A轴旋转平台3旋转;支撑机构4主要由销轴401和滚轮402组成,滚轮402用于支承A轴旋转平台3,实现A轴旋转平台3平稳转动;所述的A轴锁紧机构5由液压杆501和液压缸502组成,在A轴旋转平台3两端各布置两组,当A轴旋转平台3调整到指定位置,液压杆501伸出以及电磁抱闸将A轴旋转平台3锁紧,实现A轴旋转平台3锁定;The A-axis servo motor 1 is installed horizontally; the A-axis transmission mechanism 2 is mainly composed of a worm 201, a worm wheel 202, a rolling bearing 203 and a drive gear 204. The worm 201 and the output shaft of the A-axis servo motor 1 are coupled through a shaft The worm gear 202 and the worm screw 201 are driven to realize the direction change of motion; the worm gear 202, the rolling bearing 203 and the driving gear 204 are arranged coaxially to realize the motion transmission; the driving gear 204 and the A-axis rotating platform 3 drive the A The axis rotating platform 3 rotates; the supporting mechanism 4 is mainly composed of a pin shaft 401 and a roller 402, and the roller 402 is used to support the A axis rotating platform 3 to realize the smooth rotation of the A axis rotating platform 3; the A axis locking mechanism 5 is hydraulic The rod 501 and the hydraulic cylinder 502 are composed of two groups at each end of the A-axis rotary platform 3. When the A-axis rotary platform 3 is adjusted to the designated position, the hydraulic rod 501 extends and the electromagnetic brake locks the A-axis rotary platform 3. Realize the locking of the A-axis rotating platform 3;

所述的B轴调整单元Ⅲ包括B轴电机安装板6、B轴伺服电机7、B轴传动机构8、B轴锁紧机构9和升降台10;The B-axis adjustment unit III includes a B-axis motor mounting plate 6, a B-axis servo motor 7, a B-axis transmission mechanism 8, a B-axis locking mechanism 9 and a lifting platform 10;

所述的B轴伺服电机7卧式安装于B轴电机安装板6上,提供驱动力;所述的B轴传动机构8主要由丝杠801和两个楔形滑块802组成,丝杠801两端通过轴承固定在B轴电机安装板6上,上方的楔形滑块802与升降台10通过销轴连接,下方的楔形滑块802随丝杠801运动,两楔形滑块802配合实现升降台10转动;在升降台10的一端设置两组B轴锁紧机构9,升降台10调整到指定位置,通过B轴锁紧机构9和电磁抱闸,实现升降台10位置锁定;The B-axis servo motor 7 is horizontally installed on the B-axis motor mounting plate 6 to provide driving force; the B-axis transmission mechanism 8 is mainly composed of a lead screw 801 and two wedge-shaped sliders 802. The end is fixed on the B-axis motor mounting plate 6 through bearings, the upper wedge-shaped slider 802 is connected with the lifting platform 10 through the pin shaft, the lower wedge-shaped slider 802 moves with the lead screw 801, and the two wedge-shaped sliders 802 cooperate to realize the lifting platform 10 Rotation; two sets of B-axis locking mechanisms 9 are provided at one end of the lifting table 10, the lifting table 10 is adjusted to a designated position, and the position of the lifting table 10 is locked through the B-axis locking mechanism 9 and the electromagnetic brake;

所述的C轴旋转单元Ⅳ包括C轴伺服电机11、法兰盘12、轴承13、C轴回转平台14和C轴锁紧机构15;The C-axis rotation unit IV includes a C-axis servo motor 11, a flange 12, a bearing 13, a C-axis rotary platform 14 and a C-axis locking mechanism 15;

所述的C轴伺服电机11立式安装在C轴回转平台14上,提供驱动力;所述的法兰盘12与电机轴连接,实现C轴回转平台14转动;所述的C轴回转平台14位于底座Ⅰ上方、A轴回转平台3下方,与底座Ⅰ通过轴承13相连;所述的C轴锁紧机构15主要由T形螺钉151和凹槽152组成,在C轴回转平台14的四个角各一组,通过旋紧螺钉和电磁抱闸,实现C轴回转平台14的锁紧。The C-axis servo motor 11 is vertically installed on the C-axis rotary platform 14 to provide driving force; the flange 12 is connected with the motor shaft to realize the rotation of the C-axis rotary platform 14; the C-axis rotary platform 14 is located above the base I and below the A-axis rotary platform 3, and is connected to the base I through the bearing 13; the C-axis locking mechanism 15 is mainly composed of a T-shaped screw 151 and a groove 152. Each corner is one set, and the locking of the C-axis rotary platform 14 is realized by tightening the screws and the electromagnetic brake.

一种基于大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装的调姿方法,基于双目视觉测量信息以及伺服电机精密调控,实现自动识别、自动调整;该工装自动进行姿态调整的具体步骤为:An attitude adjustment method based on a large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tooling, based on binocular vision measurement information and precise control of a servo motor, to realize automatic identification and automatic adjustment; the specific steps for the automatic attitude adjustment of the tooling are:

第一步、检测工件姿态The first step is to detect the posture of the workpiece

通过双目视觉测量单元获取工件姿态,需要预先在加工工件两端分别设置两个视觉标记点,双目视觉测量单元移至工件的一端,移动至合适的位置,获取目标点A的坐标信息,再水平移动至另一端,获取同一端面另一个目标点B的坐标信息;然后移动至另一端面,以相同的方法获取另外两目标点C、D坐标信息;同时记录机床坐标系下相机在四个测量点的位置信息;To obtain the attitude of the workpiece through the binocular vision measurement unit, it is necessary to set two visual markers at both ends of the workpiece in advance. The binocular vision measurement unit moves to one end of the workpiece and moves to a suitable position to obtain the coordinate information of the target point A. Then move horizontally to the other end to obtain the coordinate information of another target point B on the same end face; then move to the other end face to obtain the coordinate information of the other two target points C and D in the same way; at the same time record the camera in the machine tool coordinate system in four location information of each measurement point;

第二步、工件姿态解算The second step, the workpiece attitude calculation

进行自动调整,需要进行坐标系转换,定义机床坐标系为x0,y0,z0,工装坐标系x1,y1,z1,视觉坐标系x2,y2,z2For automatic adjustment, coordinate system conversion is required, and the machine coordinate system is defined as x 0 , y 0 , z 0 , tooling coordinate system x 1 , y 1 , z 1 , visual coordinate system x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ;

首先将视觉坐标系x2,y2,z2转换至机床坐标系x0,y0,z0;设视觉坐标系的原点即双目视觉测量单元的位置在机床坐标系下的坐标为a1i,b1i,c1i,则视觉坐标系下四点的坐标为:First, convert the visual coordinate system x 2 , y 2 , z 2 to the machine tool coordinate system x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ; let the origin of the visual coordinate system, that is, the position of the binocular vision measurement unit, be a coordinate in the machine tool coordinate system 1i , b 1i , c 1i , the coordinates of the four points in the visual coordinate system are:

AxA,yA,zA,BxB,yB,zB,CxC,yC,zC,DxD,yD,zD Ax A , y A , z A , Bx B , y B , z B , Cx C , y C , z C , Dx D , y D , z D

Figure GDA0003696050470000031
Figure GDA0003696050470000031

Figure GDA0003696050470000032
Figure GDA0003696050470000032

式中,A0P为A点在机床坐标系中的坐标,A2P为A点在视觉坐标系中的坐标,a1i,b1i,c1i分别为相机坐标系原点在机床坐标系下的坐标;In the formula, A0 P is the coordinate of point A in the machine tool coordinate system, A2 P is the coordinate of point A in the visual coordinate system, a 1i , b 1i , and c 1i are the coordinates of the origin of the camera coordinate system in the machine tool coordinate system respectively. ;

分别对四点坐标进行计算,点A、点B和点C、点D分别按照公式(1)和公式(2)计算,转换得到的新坐标:Calculate the coordinates of the four points respectively. Point A, point B, point C, and point D are calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2) respectively, and the new coordinates obtained by conversion are:

AxA+a11,yA+b11,zA+c11,BxB+a12,yB+b12,zB+c12 Ax A +a 11 , y A +b 11 , z A +c 11 , Bx B +a 12 , y B +b 12 , z B +c 12

Ca13-xC,yC+b13,zC+c13,Da14-xD,yD+b14,zD+c14 Ca 13 -x C , y C +b 13 , z C +c 13 , Da 14 -x D , y D +b 14 , z D +c 14

式中,c11、c12相等,c13、c14相等,a11、a12相等,a13、a14相等;In the formula, c 11 and c 12 are equal, c 13 and c 14 are equal, a 11 and a 12 are equal, and a 13 and a 14 are equal;

机床坐标系x0,y0,z0转换至工装坐标系x1,y1,z1;工装坐标系的原点在机床坐标系的坐标为a2,b2,c2,采用同样的方法,转换得到的新坐标:The machine tool coordinate system x 0 , y 0 , z 0 is converted to the tool coordinate system x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ; the origin of the tool coordinate system is a 2 , b 2 , c 2 in the machine tool coordinate system, using the same method , the new coordinates obtained by transformation:

AxA+a11-a2,yA+b11-b2,zA+c11-c2 Ax A +a 11 -a 2 , y A +b 11 -b 2 , z A +c 11 -c 2

BxB+a11-a2,yB+b12-b2,zB+c11-c2 Bx B +a 11 -a 2 , y B +b 12 -b 2 , z B +c 11 -c 2

Ca13-xC-a2,yC+b13-b2,zC+c13-c2 Ca 13 -x C -a 2 , y C +b 13 -b 2 , z C +c 13 -c 2

Da14-xD-a2,yD+b14-b2,zD+c13-c2 Da 14 -x D -a 2 ,y D +b 14 -b 2 ,z D +c 13 -c 2

通过坐标转换,即解算出各轴需要调整的角度,结果如下:Through coordinate transformation, the angle that needs to be adjusted for each axis is calculated, and the results are as follows:

C轴:C axis:

Figure GDA0003696050470000041
Figure GDA0003696050470000041

B轴:B-axis:

Figure GDA0003696050470000042
Figure GDA0003696050470000042

A轴:A-axis:

Figure GDA0003696050470000043
Figure GDA0003696050470000043

式中,l为工件的长度,hAC为A、C之间的高度差;In the formula, l is the length of the workpiece, h AC is the height difference between A and C;

第三步、自动调整工装执行过程The third step is to automatically adjust the tooling execution process

通过工控机实现双目视觉测量单元和工装通信,建立连接;先进行C轴误差调整,调整到指定位置,通过C轴锁紧机构15将其固定;其次进行B轴误差调整,通过丝杠801与滑块802,将平台调整至合适角度,通过B轴锁紧机构9锁定;最后调整A轴误差,通过A轴传动机构2,将A轴回转至合适位置,液压杆501伸出将平台锁定,工装调整至合适位置。The communication between the binocular vision measurement unit and the tooling is realized through the industrial computer, and the connection is established; first, the C-axis error adjustment is performed, adjusted to the designated position, and fixed by the C-axis locking mechanism 15; Adjust the platform to an appropriate angle with the slider 802, and lock it through the B-axis locking mechanism 9; finally adjust the A-axis error, through the A-axis transmission mechanism 2, rotate the A-axis to an appropriate position, and the hydraulic rod 501 extends to lock the platform , the tooling is adjusted to the appropriate position.

本发明的有益效果在于:该三轴自动调姿工装可实现大尺寸结构件的整体装夹姿态自动测量与调姿,操作简单、高效、精度高;整体结构紧凑,适用于安装可用空间小的数控机床;高刚性结构设计以及辅助锁紧机构,提高了数控加工的可靠性、安全性。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool can realize automatic measurement and attitude adjustment of the overall clamping attitude of large-sized structural parts, with simple operation, high efficiency and high precision; the overall structure is compact, and it is suitable for small installation space. CNC machine tool; high rigidity structure design and auxiliary locking mechanism improve the reliability and safety of CNC machining.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool.

图2为A轴旋转单元示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the A-axis rotation unit.

图3为A轴旋转单元传动机构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the A-axis rotating unit.

图4为大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装剖视图。Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool.

图中:Ⅰ底座,ⅡA轴旋转单元,ⅢB轴旋转单元,ⅣC轴旋转单元,1A轴伺服电机,2A轴传动机构,3A轴旋转平台,4支撑机构,5A轴锁紧机构,6B轴电机安装板,7B轴伺服电机,8B轴传动机构,9B轴锁紧机构,10起升台,11C轴伺服电机,12法兰盘,13轴承,14C轴回转平台,15C轴锁紧机构。In the figure: I base, IIA axis rotation unit, IIIB axis rotation unit, IVC axis rotation unit, 1A axis servo motor, 2A axis transmission mechanism, 3A axis rotation platform, 4 support mechanism, 5A axis locking mechanism, 6B axis motor installation Plate, 7B axis servo motor, 8B axis transmission mechanism, 9B axis locking mechanism, 10 lifting platform, 11C axis servo motor, 12 flange plate, 13 bearing, 14C axis rotary platform, 15C axis locking mechanism.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和技术方案详细说明本发明的实施方式,但本发明的保护范围不限于此。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

图1为大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装示意图。该自动调姿工装包括底座Ⅰ,A轴旋转单元Ⅱ,B轴旋转单元Ⅲ,C轴旋转单元Ⅳ。其中,底座Ⅰ用于工装与机床连接,实现工装的固定。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool. The automatic attitude adjustment tool includes a base I, an A-axis rotation unit II, a B-axis rotation unit III, and a C-axis rotation unit IV. Among them, the base I is used to connect the tooling with the machine tool to realize the fixing of the tooling.

图2为A轴旋转单元示意图,图3为A轴旋转单元传动机构示意图。A轴旋转单元Ⅱ包括伺服电机1、A轴传动机构2、A轴旋转平台3、支撑机构4、A轴锁紧机构5。伺服电机1卧式安装,所述的传动机构2由蜗杆201、蜗轮202、滚动轴承203、驱动齿轮204组成。蜗杆201与伺服电机的输出轴通过联轴器连接,经过蜗轮蜗杆传动,实现运动变向。蜗轮202、滚动轴承203、驱动齿轮204同轴布置,实现运动传递,驱动齿轮204与旋转平台3之间通过轮齿啮合带动平台绕轴旋转。支撑机构4由销轴401、滚轮402组成,滚轮402用于支承旋转平台3,实现旋转平台3平稳转动。所述的A轴锁紧机构5由液压杆501、液压缸502组成,在旋转平台3两端各布置两组,当旋转平台3调整到指定位置,液压杆501伸出以及电磁抱闸将平台3锁紧,实现平台锁定。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the A-axis rotation unit, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the A-axis rotation unit. The A-axis rotation unit II includes a servo motor 1 , an A-axis transmission mechanism 2 , an A-axis rotation platform 3 , a support mechanism 4 , and an A-axis locking mechanism 5 . The servo motor 1 is installed horizontally, and the transmission mechanism 2 is composed of a worm 201 , a worm wheel 202 , a rolling bearing 203 , and a driving gear 204 . The worm 201 is connected with the output shaft of the servo motor through a coupling, and is driven by a worm gear to realize the movement direction change. The worm gear 202 , the rolling bearing 203 , and the driving gear 204 are arranged coaxially to realize motion transmission. The driving gear 204 and the rotating platform 3 are meshed with gear teeth to drive the platform to rotate around the axis. The support mechanism 4 is composed of a pin shaft 401 and a roller 402 , and the roller 402 is used to support the rotating platform 3 so as to realize the stable rotation of the rotating platform 3 . The A-axis locking mechanism 5 is composed of a hydraulic rod 501 and a hydraulic cylinder 502, and two groups are arranged at each end of the rotating platform 3. When the rotating platform 3 is adjusted to the designated position, the hydraulic rod 501 extends and the electromagnetic brake locks the platform. 3 Lock to achieve platform locking.

图4为大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装剖视图。B轴旋转单元Ⅱ包括B轴电机安装板6、伺服电机7、B轴传动机构8、B轴锁紧机构9、升降台10。伺服电机7卧式安装于B轴电机安装架6上,提供驱动力。所述的传动系统8由丝杠801、楔形滑块802组成,丝杠801两端通过轴承固定在B轴电机安装板6上,上方楔形滑块802与升降台10通过销轴连接,下方的楔形滑块802随丝杠801运动,实现升降台10转动。在一端设置两组B轴锁紧机构9,平台调整到指定位置,通过锁紧机构和电磁抱闸,实现升降台10位置锁定。Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool. The B-axis rotation unit II includes a B-axis motor mounting plate 6 , a servo motor 7 , a B-axis transmission mechanism 8 , a B-axis locking mechanism 9 , and a lifting platform 10 . The servo motor 7 is horizontally installed on the B-axis motor mounting frame 6 to provide driving force. The transmission system 8 is composed of a lead screw 801 and a wedge-shaped slider 802. Both ends of the lead screw 801 are fixed on the B-axis motor mounting plate 6 through bearings. The wedge-shaped slider 802 moves with the lead screw 801 to realize the rotation of the lifting platform 10 . Two sets of B-axis locking mechanisms 9 are arranged at one end, the platform is adjusted to the designated position, and the position of the lifting platform 10 is locked through the locking mechanism and the electromagnetic brake.

C轴旋转单元Ⅳ包括伺服电机11、法兰盘12、轴承13、C轴回转平台14、锁紧机构15。伺服电机11立式安装在C轴回转平台14上,提供驱动力。所述的法兰盘12与电机轴连接,实现回转平台转动。所述的C轴回转平台上位于底座Ⅰ上方,A轴回转平台3下方,与底座Ⅰ通过轴承13相连。所述的锁紧机构15由T形螺钉151、凹槽152组成,在C轴回转平台14的四个角各一组,通过旋紧螺钉和电磁抱闸,实现C轴回转平台14的锁紧。The C-axis rotation unit IV includes a servo motor 11 , a flange 12 , a bearing 13 , a C-axis rotary platform 14 , and a locking mechanism 15 . The servo motor 11 is vertically installed on the C-axis rotary platform 14 to provide driving force. The flange 12 is connected with the motor shaft to realize the rotation of the rotary platform. The C-axis rotary platform is located above the base I, below the A-axis rotary platform 3, and is connected to the base I through a bearing 13. The locking mechanism 15 is composed of T-shaped screws 151 and grooves 152. One group is placed at each of the four corners of the C-axis rotary platform 14. By tightening the screws and electromagnetic brakes, the C-axis rotary platform 14 is locked. .

第一步检测工件姿态The first step is to detect the attitude of the workpiece

通过双目视觉测量单元获取工件姿态,需要预先在加工工件两端设置两个视觉标记点,双目视觉测量单元移至工件的一端,移动至合适的位置,获取目标点A的坐标信息,再沿B轴移动至另一端,获取同一端面另一个目标点B的坐标信息。然后移动至另一端面,以相同的方法获取另外两目标点C、D坐标信息。同时记录机床坐标系下相机在四个测量点的位置信息。To obtain the attitude of the workpiece through the binocular vision measurement unit, it is necessary to set two visual markers at both ends of the workpiece in advance. The binocular vision measurement unit moves to one end of the workpiece and moves to a suitable position to obtain the coordinate information of the target point A, Move to the other end along the B axis to obtain the coordinate information of another target point B on the same end face. Then move to the other end face, and obtain the coordinate information of the other two target points C and D in the same way. At the same time, the position information of the camera at the four measurement points in the machine tool coordinate system is recorded.

第二步工件姿态解算The second step is to solve the workpiece attitude

以长为3000mm,直径600mm的油箱舱为例。Take the fuel tank compartment with a length of 3000mm and a diameter of 600mm as an example.

在进行结算之前,需要统一坐标系,定义机床坐标系为(x0,y0,z0),工装坐标系(x1,y1,z1),视觉坐标系(x2,y2,z2)。Before settlement, it is necessary to unify the coordinate system, define the machine coordinate system as (x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ), the tooling coordinate system (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ), the visual coordinate system (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ).

首先将视觉坐标系(x2,y2,z2)转换至机床坐标系(x0,y0,z0)。设视觉坐标系的原点(即双目视觉测量单元的位置)在机床坐标系下的坐标为(a1i,b1i,c1i),则视觉坐标系下四点的坐标为:First, convert the vision coordinate system (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) to the machine coordinate system (x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ). Suppose the origin of the visual coordinate system (that is, the position of the binocular vision measurement unit) in the machine tool coordinate system is (a 1i , b 1i , c 1i ), then the coordinates of the four points in the visual coordinate system are:

A(403,20,10),B(400,17,14),C(497,20,20),D(500,23,24)A(403, 20, 10), B(400, 17, 14), C(497, 20, 20), D(500, 23, 24)

视觉坐标系的原点(即双目视觉测量单元的位置)在机床坐标系下的坐标分别为:The coordinates of the origin of the visual coordinate system (that is, the position of the binocular vision measurement unit) in the machine tool coordinate system are:

A′(100,100,300),B′(100,500,300)A'(100, 100, 300), B'(100, 500, 300)

C′(4000,200,200),D′(4000,400,200)C'(4000, 200, 200), D'(4000, 400, 200)

对四点坐标进行转化计算,点A、点B和点C、点D分别按照公式(1)和公式(2)计算,转换得到的新坐标:转换得到的新坐标:The four-point coordinates are converted and calculated. Point A, point B, point C, and point D are calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2) respectively, and the new coordinates obtained by conversion: the new coordinates obtained by conversion:

A(503,120,310),B(500,517,314)A (503, 120, 310), B (500, 517, 314)

C(3503,220,220),D(3500,423,224)C (3503, 220, 220), D (3500, 423, 224)

通过坐标转换,依据公式(3)、公式(4)、公式(5)即可解算出需要调整的角度,结果为:Through coordinate transformation, the angle to be adjusted can be calculated according to formula (3), formula (4) and formula (5). The result is:

C轴α=0.057°,B轴β=0.19°,A轴γ=0.76°C-axis α=0.057°, B-axis β=0.19°, A-axis γ=0.76°

第三步自动调整工装执行过程The third step is to automatically adjust the tooling execution process

通过双目视觉测量单元与调姿工装通信,建立连接。先进行C轴误差调整,调整到指定位置,通过锁紧机构将其固定;其次进行B轴误差调整,通过丝杠与滑块,将平台调整至合适角度,通过锁紧机构锁定;最后调整A轴误差,通过蜗轮蜗杆和齿轮传动,将A轴回转至合适位置,液压杆伸出将平台锁定,工装调整至合适位置。The connection is established by communicating with the attitude adjustment tool through the binocular vision measurement unit. First, adjust the C-axis error, adjust it to the designated position, and fix it with the locking mechanism; secondly, adjust the B-axis error, adjust the platform to a suitable angle through the lead screw and the slider, and lock it with the locking mechanism; finally adjust the A Shaft error, through the worm gear and gear transmission, the A-axis is rotated to the appropriate position, the hydraulic rod is extended to lock the platform, and the tooling is adjusted to the appropriate position.

本发明提出的大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装解决了人工装夹复杂构件精度低、可靠性差的问题,实现了工件的自动识别、自动调整。具有高精度、高刚度、可靠性好、结构紧凑等特点。The large-size three-axis automatic posture adjustment tooling provided by the invention solves the problems of low precision and poor reliability of manual clamping of complex components, and realizes automatic identification and automatic adjustment of workpieces. It has the characteristics of high precision, high rigidity, good reliability and compact structure.

Claims (1)

1.一种基于大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装的调姿方法,其特征在于,所述的大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装包括底座(Ⅰ)、A轴调整单元(Ⅱ)、B轴调整单元(Ⅲ)和C轴旋转单元(Ⅳ);1. An attitude adjustment method based on a large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool, characterized in that the large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool comprises a base (I), an A-axis adjustment unit (II), a B-axis adjustment Unit (III) and C-axis rotation unit (IV); 所述的底座(Ⅰ)用于大尺寸三轴自动调姿工装与机床连接,实现工装的固定;The base (I) is used for connecting a large-size three-axis automatic attitude adjustment tool to a machine tool to realize the fixation of the tool; 所述的A轴调整单元(Ⅱ)包括A轴伺服电机(1)、A轴传动机构(2)、A轴旋转平台(3)、支撑机构(4)和A轴锁紧机构(5);The A-axis adjustment unit (II) includes an A-axis servo motor (1), an A-axis transmission mechanism (2), an A-axis rotating platform (3), a support mechanism (4) and an A-axis locking mechanism (5); 所述的A轴伺服电机(1)卧式安装;所述的A轴传动机构(2)主要由蜗杆(201)、蜗轮(202)、滚动轴承(203)和驱动齿轮(204)组成,蜗杆(201)与A轴伺服电机(1)的输出轴通过联轴器连接,经过蜗轮(202)和蜗杆(201)传动,实现运动变向;蜗轮(202)、滚动轴承(203)、驱动齿轮(204)同轴布置,实现运动传递;驱动齿轮(204)与A轴旋转平台(3)之间通过轮齿啮合带动A轴旋转平台(3)旋转;支撑机构(4)主要由销轴(401)和滚轮(402)组成,滚轮(402)用于支承A轴旋转平台(3),实现A轴旋转平台(3)平稳转动;所述的A轴锁紧机构(5)由液压杆(501)和液压缸(502)组成,在A轴旋转平台(3)两端各布置两组,当A轴旋转平台(3)调整到指定位置,液压杆(501)伸出以及电磁抱闸将A轴旋转平台(3)锁紧,实现A轴旋转平台(3)锁定;The A-axis servo motor (1) is installed horizontally; the A-axis transmission mechanism (2) is mainly composed of a worm (201), a worm wheel (202), a rolling bearing (203) and a drive gear (204). 201) is connected with the output shaft of the A-axis servo motor (1) through a coupling, and is driven by a worm gear (202) and a worm (201) to realize motion change; the worm gear (202), the rolling bearing (203), the driving gear (204) ) are arranged coaxially to realize motion transmission; the gear tooth meshing between the driving gear (204) and the A-axis rotating platform (3) drives the A-axis rotating platform (3) to rotate; the supporting mechanism (4) is mainly composed of a pin shaft (401) and a roller (402), the roller (402) is used to support the A-axis rotating platform (3), so as to realize the smooth rotation of the A-axis rotating platform (3); the A-axis locking mechanism (5) is composed of a hydraulic rod (501) It is composed of a hydraulic cylinder (502), and two sets are arranged at each end of the A-axis rotating platform (3). When the A-axis rotating platform (3) is adjusted to the designated position, the hydraulic rod (501) is extended and the electromagnetic lock The rotating platform (3) is locked to realize the locking of the A-axis rotating platform (3); 所述的B轴调整单元(Ⅲ)包括B轴电机安装板(6)、B轴伺服电机(7)、B轴传动机构(8)、B轴锁紧机构(9)和升降台(10);The B-axis adjustment unit (III) includes a B-axis motor mounting plate (6), a B-axis servo motor (7), a B-axis transmission mechanism (8), a B-axis locking mechanism (9) and a lifting platform (10) ; 所述的B轴伺服电机(7)卧式安装于B轴电机安装板(6)上,提供驱动力;所述的B轴传动机构(8)主要由丝杠(801)和两个楔形滑块(802)组成,丝杠(801)两端通过轴承固定在B轴电机安装板(6)上,上方的楔形滑块(802)与升降台(10)通过销轴连接,下方的楔形滑块(802)随丝杠(801)运动,两楔形滑块(802)配合实现升降台(10)转动;在升降台(10)的一端设置两组B轴锁紧机构(9),升降台(10)调整到指定位置,通过B轴锁紧机构(9)和电磁抱闸,实现升降台(10)位置锁定;The B-axis servo motor (7) is horizontally installed on the B-axis motor mounting plate (6) to provide driving force; the B-axis transmission mechanism (8) is mainly composed of a lead screw (801) and two wedge-shaped slides. The two ends of the lead screw (801) are fixed on the B-axis motor mounting plate (6) through bearings, the upper wedge-shaped slider (802) and the lifting platform (10) are connected by pins, and the lower wedge-shaped slider The block (802) moves with the lead screw (801), and the two wedge-shaped sliders (802) cooperate to realize the rotation of the lift table (10). (10) Adjust to the designated position, and realize the position locking of the lifting platform (10) through the B-axis locking mechanism (9) and the electromagnetic brake; 所述的C轴旋转单元(Ⅳ)包括C轴伺服电机(11)、法兰盘(12)、轴承(13)、C轴回转平台(14)和C轴锁紧机构(15);The C-axis rotation unit (IV) includes a C-axis servo motor (11), a flange (12), a bearing (13), a C-axis rotary platform (14) and a C-axis locking mechanism (15); 所述的C轴伺服电机(11)立式安装在C轴回转平台(14)上,提供驱动力;所述的法兰盘(12)与电机轴连接,实现C轴回转平台(14)转动;所述的C轴回转平台(14)位于底座(Ⅰ)上方、A轴旋转平台(3)下方,与底座(Ⅰ)通过轴承(13)相连;所述的C轴锁紧机构(15)主要由T形螺钉(151)和凹槽(152)组成,在C轴回转平台(14)的四个角各一组,通过旋紧螺钉和电磁抱闸,实现C轴回转平台(14)的锁紧;The C-axis servo motor (11) is vertically installed on the C-axis rotary platform (14) to provide driving force; the flange plate (12) is connected with the motor shaft to realize the rotation of the C-axis rotary platform (14). The C-axis rotary platform (14) is located above the base (I) and below the A-axis rotary platform (3), and is connected with the base (I) through a bearing (13); the C-axis locking mechanism (15) It is mainly composed of T-shaped screws (151) and grooves (152). At each of the four corners of the C-axis rotary platform (14), tighten the screws and electromagnetic brakes to realize the C-axis rotary platform (14). lock; 所述调姿方法,基于双目视觉测量信息以及伺服电机精密调控,实现自动识别、自动调整;该工装自动进行姿态调整的具体步骤为:The attitude adjustment method realizes automatic identification and automatic adjustment based on binocular vision measurement information and precise control of the servo motor; the specific steps for automatic attitude adjustment of the tooling are as follows: 第一步、检测工件姿态The first step is to detect the posture of the workpiece 通过双目视觉测量单元获取工件姿态,需要预先在加工工件两端分别设置两个视觉标记点,双目视觉测量单元移至工件的一端,移动至合适的位置,获取目标点A的坐标信息,再水平移动至另一端,获取同一端面另一个目标点B的坐标信息;然后移动至另一端面,以相同的方法获取另外两目标点C、D坐标信息;同时记录机床坐标系下相机在四个测量点的位置信息;To obtain the attitude of the workpiece through the binocular vision measurement unit, it is necessary to set two visual markers at both ends of the workpiece in advance. The binocular vision measurement unit moves to one end of the workpiece and moves to a suitable position to obtain the coordinate information of the target point A. Then move horizontally to the other end to obtain the coordinate information of another target point B on the same end face; then move to the other end face to obtain the coordinate information of the other two target points C and D in the same way; at the same time record the camera in the machine tool coordinate system in four location information of each measurement point; 第二步、工件姿态解算The second step, the workpiece attitude solution 进行自动调整,需要进行坐标系转换,定义机床坐标系为(x0,y0,z0),工装坐标系(x1,y1,z1),视觉坐标系(x2,y2,z2);To perform automatic adjustment, coordinate system conversion is required, and the machine coordinate system is defined as (x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ), tooling coordinate system (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ), visual coordinate system (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ); 首先将视觉坐标系(x2,y2,z2)转换至机床坐标系(x0,y0,z0);设视觉坐标系的原点即双目视觉测量单元的位置在机床坐标系下的坐标为(a1i,b1i,c1i),则视觉坐标系下四点的坐标为:First, convert the visual coordinate system (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) to the machine tool coordinate system (x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ); set the origin of the visual coordinate system, that is, the position of the binocular vision measurement unit in the machine tool coordinate system The coordinates of (a 1i , b 1i , c 1i ), then the coordinates of the four points in the visual coordinate system are: A(xA,yA,zA),B(xB,yB,zB),C(xC,yC,zC),D(xD,yD,zD)A(x A , y A , z A ), B(x B , y B , z B ), C(x C , y C , z C ), D(x D , y D , z D )
Figure FDA0003704819110000021
Figure FDA0003704819110000021
Figure FDA0003704819110000022
Figure FDA0003704819110000022
式中,A0P为A点在机床坐标系中的坐标,A2P为A点在视觉坐标系中的坐标,a1i,b1i,c1i分别为相机坐标系原点在机床坐标系下的坐标;In the formula, A0 P is the coordinate of point A in the machine tool coordinate system, A2 P is the coordinate of point A in the visual coordinate system, a 1i , b 1i , and c 1i are the coordinates of the origin of the camera coordinate system in the machine tool coordinate system respectively. ; 分别对四点坐标进行计算,点A、点B和点C、点D分别按照公式(1)和公式(2)计算,转换得到的新坐标:Calculate the coordinates of the four points respectively. Point A, point B, point C, and point D are calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2) respectively, and the new coordinates obtained by conversion are: A(xA+a11,yA+b11,zA+c11),B(xB+a12,yB+b12,zB+c12)A(x A +a 11 , y A +b 11 , z A +c 11 ), B(x B +a 12 , y B +b 12 , z B +c 12 ) C(a13-xC,yC+b13,zC+c13),D(a14-xD,yD+b14,zD+c14)C(a 13 -x C , y C +b 13 , z C +c 13 ), D(a 14 -x D , y D +b 14 , z D +c 14 ) 式中,c11、c12相等,c13、c14相等,a11、a12相等,a13、a14相等;In the formula, c 11 and c 12 are equal, c 13 and c 14 are equal, a 11 and a 12 are equal, and a 13 and a 14 are equal; 机床坐标系(x0,y0,z0)转换至工装坐标系(x1,y1,z1);工装坐标系的原点在机床坐标系的坐标为(a2,b2,c2),采用同样的方法,转换得到的新坐标:The machine tool coordinate system (x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) is converted to the tool coordinate system (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ); the origin of the tool coordinate system in the machine tool coordinate system is (a 2 , b 2 , c 2 ), using the same method to convert the new coordinates: A(xA+a11-a2,yA+b11-b2,zA+c11-c2)A(x A +a 11 -a 2 , y A +b 11 -b 2 , z A +c 11 -c 2 ) B(xB+a11-a2,yB+b12-b2,zB+c11-c2)B(x B +a 11 -a 2 , y B +b 12 -b 2 , z B +c 11 -c 2 ) C(a13-xC-a2,yC+b13-b2,zC+c13-c2)C(a 13 -x C -a 2 , y C +b 13 -b 2 , z C +c 13 -c 2 ) D(a14-xD-a2,yD+b14-b2,zD+c13-c2)D(a 14 -x D -a 2 , y D +b 14 -b 2 , z D +c 13 -c 2 ) 通过坐标转换,即解算出各轴需要调整的角度,结果如下:Through coordinate transformation, the angle that needs to be adjusted for each axis is calculated, and the results are as follows: C轴:C axis:
Figure FDA0003704819110000031
Figure FDA0003704819110000031
B轴:B axis:
Figure FDA0003704819110000032
Figure FDA0003704819110000032
A轴:A-axis:
Figure FDA0003704819110000033
Figure FDA0003704819110000033
式中,l为工件的长度,hAC为A、C之间的高度差;In the formula, l is the length of the workpiece, h AC is the height difference between A and C; 第三步、自动调整工装执行过程The third step is to automatically adjust the tooling execution process 通过工控机实现双目视觉测量单元和工装通信,建立连接;先进行C轴误差调整,调整到指定位置,通过C轴锁紧机构(15)将其固定;其次进行B轴误差调整,通过丝杠(801)与楔形滑块(802),将平台调整至合适角度,通过B轴锁紧机构(9)锁定;最后调整A轴误差,通过A轴传动机构(2),将A轴回转至合适位置,液压杆(501)伸出将平台锁定,工装调整至合适位置。The communication between the binocular vision measurement unit and the tooling is realized through the industrial computer, and the connection is established; first, the C-axis error adjustment is carried out, adjusted to the designated position, and then fixed by the C-axis locking mechanism (15); The lever (801) and the wedge-shaped slider (802) adjust the platform to an appropriate angle and lock it through the B-axis locking mechanism (9); finally adjust the A-axis error, and rotate the A-axis to the In the proper position, the hydraulic rod (501) is extended to lock the platform, and the tooling is adjusted to the proper position.
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