CN113713718A - Comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research - Google Patents
Comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/007—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes provided with moving parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research, which comprises three units, a feeding unit, a reaction unit, a product separation unit, a feeding unit, a reaction unit and a product separation unit, wherein the reaction unit and the product separation unit are sequentially connected; the reaction unit is a thermochemical reactor and comprises a reactor, a front buffer feeder and a circulating high-pressure cooling tank are respectively connected to the front and the back of the reactor, the front buffer feeder is connected with the feeding unit, and the circulating high-pressure cooling tank is connected with the product separation unit through a discharge ball valve. The platform combines different feeding unit devices to realize the feeding and reaction of gas/gas, gas/liquid/solid phases in a batch, semi-continuous and continuous mode. And configuring separation equipment according to the product characteristics and the separation requirements. The platform is flexible in configuration, can be configured or upgraded based on the main body reaction unit, and can be used for various comprehensive verification researches before production amplification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of research and utilization of energy chemical industry, and particularly relates to a comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research, which can select the multifunctional comprehensive research for realizing intermittent, semi-continuous and continuous gas/gas, gas/liquid and gas/liquid/solid multiphase high-pressure thermochemical conversion respectively.
Background
The thermochemical conversion mode can convert the chemical energy contained in the waste such as biomass into high-valued energy or chemicals. The research objects of the thermochemical conversion comprise dry (coal, straw and the like) or wet (algae, sludge and the like) substances, and the optimization and regulation of the thermal conversion process have various means, including macroscopic regulation and regulation for changing the type of a reactor, reaction pressure, temperature, medium and external field environment from the scale of the whole system and microscopic regulation and regulation for changing the shape (such as granularity) of reactants by using a catalyst. Current research equipment is also focused primarily on the expansion of single substances/technologies. In fact, neither single substance nor technology can address future production expansion needs. Therefore, an integrated thermochemical multifunctional conversion research platform is needed to optimally regulate and verify future production expansion.
The currently published methods for the realization of continuous high-pressure thermochemical reactions mainly focus on the development of special equipment. For example, patent CN 101537337a discloses a biodiesel high-pressure continuous reaction tower, which solves the problems of poor sealing performance, poor pressure resistance, poor safety performance, high cost and the like of the existing equipment, but does not solve the problem of how to realize continuous feeding in the reaction process; patent CN 109621880B discloses CO2A system and a method for preparing furfural by biomass continuous hydrothermal reaction under the atmosphere solve the problems of complex operation, uneven heating and the like in the current continuous reaction, and can effectively improve the product quality and optimize the efficiency of a device. However, the reactor adopts a coil pipe type, which is not beneficial to the gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction and easily causes the problems of reactor blockage and the like. Patent CN 202123098U discloses a continuous high-pressure wet-heat reaction device, which can treat incineration fly ash, sludge, biomass, polluted soil and the like with dry matter concentration of 15-35%. Can realize the reaction temperature range of 120 ℃ and 310 ℃ and the pressure below 10MPa, realize the continuous feeding and the continuous discharging of the reactor and realize the automatic control of the whole reaction process. The research progress of the continuous system for hydrothermal conversion summarized in the "development trend of complete continuous biomass hydrothermal conversion system" (chemical development, 2021,40 (2): 736-746) shows that: at present, the operation of a continuous hydrothermal liquefaction system does not reach the full continuous operation, and the scale of the continuous hydrothermal liquefaction system does not realize the industrial production in the true sense. The existing bottleneck problem is as follows: the method is limited by the problems of blockage of material operation under high pressure, product difference caused by the problem of material uniformity in the reaction process, special equipment required for continuous separation of products and the like. Being subject to the above problems further leads to high costs for device development. Particularly, the gas/liquid/solid three-phase mixture has the problems of unreliable operation such as blockage in the operation process. In addition, the high-pressure pump and the valve which are key parts for keeping the platform in high-pressure stable operation are not controllable in cost. The cost-controllable high-pressure pump is currently suitable for fluid, and still has problems for materials with high solid content. The current cost is controllable, but the high-pressure ball valve can not well meet the high-temperature requirement of a platform.
In order to solve the future large-scale and commercial operation verification, the invention provides a comprehensive thermochemical multifunctional conversion research platform with low cost, flexible configuration and reliable operation, so as to solve the verification of the research related to thermochemical conversion. The platform has good compatibility with the current low-cost equipment, and simultaneously, each key link of raw material, conversion and product separation can be verified in a batch mode to a true complete continuity mode. In addition, to meet the requirements of future green chemicals, heat and certain substances need to be recovered or recycled, and greenhouse gas products such as CO need to be considered2And the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive research platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion. The invention has higher autonomous selectivity, good compatibility with the existing equipment and effectively lower development cost; the feeding unit is arranged for feeding before reaction, so that multiphase feeding is realized, the solid-liquid ratio is convenient to adjust, the problem of uniformity of feeding can be solved, the reaction process is more uniform, and the problem of product difference is avoided.
The invention realizes research and verification before raw material production amplification, and can solve the problem of continuous high-pressure thermochemical conversion from batch, semi-continuous and continuous, thereby meeting the feeding problem of raw materials in different modes of gas/gas, gas/liquid and gas/liquid/solid in the high-pressure thermochemical reaction process; the comprehensive platform of the high-pressure thermochemical conversion can adopt different control modes, and has the multifunctional operation problems of manual/automatic alternation, continuous/semi-continuous conversion; secondly, how to realize continuous, stable and efficient separation of products. Through the automatic collocation of the multiple units, the problem of high requirement on equipment in the thermochemical conversion experimental process is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a realize comprehensive platform of high pressure thermochemical multi-functional conversion research, includes three unit, feeding unit, reaction unit and product separation unit, and feeding unit, reaction unit and product separation unit link to each other in proper order. The platform has good compatibility with the current low-cost equipment by combining different feeding devices and different separation devices, and simultaneously achieves the purposes of continuous gas/gas, gas/liquid/solid multi-phase feeding and different separation means according to the change of requirements. The platform is divided into modular management, which is beneficial to realizing manual/automatic, continuous/semi-continuous conversion and meeting different thermochemical conversion requirements. The present invention can achieve the requirements of thermochemical conversion by means of a feed unit, a reaction unit and a separation unit.
The invention takes the second unit reaction unit as a main body, is a thermochemical reactor and also is the core of the invention. The figure is a schematic structural diagram of the main body of the reaction unit. This main part unit controls the feeding based on controllable high-pressure ball valve of cost. Meanwhile, in order to meet the characteristics that the spherical valve is high-pressure resistant and not high-temperature resistant, a front buffer feeder and a circulating high-pressure cooling tank are respectively connected to the front and the back of the reactor, the front buffer feeder is connected with the feeding unit, and the circulating high-pressure cooling tank is connected with the product separation unit through a discharging ball valve.
The front buffer feeder comprises a front buffer feeder stirring motor and a front buffer feeder stirrer. The front buffer feeder has the functions of pretreatment, solid content adjustment and control of the entrance into the main reactor.
The front buffer feeder comprises three feed ports, namely a solid feed port, a liquid feed port and a gas feed port, and the three feed ports are connected with the front buffer feeder and controlled by a high-pressure ball valve; the front buffer feeder stirring motor is connected with the front buffer feeder stirrer, and the front buffer feeder stirrer is driven to rotate by controlling the rotating speed of the front buffer feeder stirring motor so as to ensure the feeding uniformity and control the feeding speed.
The front buffer feeder is provided with a front pressure sensor and an explosion-proof valve and is used for detecting the pressure change in the material stirring tank in the reaction process and preventing the safety accident problem caused by overlarge pressure.
And the stirring motor of the front buffer feeder is provided with a frequency converter.
The screw feeder is arranged at a discharge port at the lower end of the front buffer feeder, and the discharge port of the screw feeder is connected with the reactor; the screw feeder comprises a pressure-resistant housing and a screw. The pressure-resistant shell and the front buffer feeder are integrated, so that the integral sealing performance and pressure resistance are ensured; the screw is connected with the front buffer feeder stirrer to form a whole.
The screw selected by the screw feeder has a replaceable function, and screws with different lengths can be selected according to requirements. The longest can pass through the reactor and the circulating high-pressure cooling tank.
The front buffer feeder and the screw feeder are integrated, materials enter the front buffer feeder through the solid feeding hole, the liquid feeding hole and the gas feeding hole, and the materials are driven to enter the reaction tube through the front buffer feeder stirrer and the screw feeder.
The thermochemical reactor comprises a reaction tube, a catalyst basket, a three-stage heating furnace, a reaction temperature sensor, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor.
The three-section heating furnace is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction tube, and the reaction tube is heated by the three-section heating furnace to reach the reaction temperature. Catalyst baskets are suspended in the reaction tubes.
The reaction tube is vertically communicated with the screw feeder, and the screw drives the materials, so that the materials can continuously and uniformly enter the reaction tube. The top of the reaction tube is also provided with a fixed point for hanging a catalyst basket.
The catalyst basket, two about setting, all be in the constant temperature area, help going on completely of reaction. Wherein the catalyst baskets are connected with each other through hooks and are hung on a hanging line led out from a fixed point at the top of the reaction tube. Wherein the catalyst basket is a cylindrical honeycomb catalyst basket.
The honeycomb catalyst basket comprises a hollow honeycomb basket body, wherein honeycomb supporting plates are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the catalyst basket body.
The honeycomb supporting plate is in a grid shape, wherein the size of the grid is larger than the maximum grain size of the solid material.
The catalyst basket has a removable function.
The thermochemical reactor was provided with four temperature sensors. The reaction temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the reaction tube, and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor respectively correspond to different heating sections of the three-section heating furnace and are used for monitoring the heating temperature of the three-section heating furnace.
Wherein the stirring motor of the front buffer feeder, the three-section type heating furnace, the front pressure sensor, the reaction temperature sensor, the heating furnace temperature sensor and the discharging ball valve are all connected with a control element for realizing automatic control.
The materials enter a reaction tube, are heated by a three-section heating furnace for reaction, and then enter a circulating high-pressure cooling tank.
The bottom of the reaction tube is connected with a circulating high-pressure cooling tank, and the reaction tube has the function of passing through a selective long screw.
The back circulation high-pressure cooling tank is provided with a half-moon-shaped hoop, a cooling water outlet, a cooling water inlet and a filter screen. The circulating high-pressure cooling tank has the functions of heat recovery, preliminary separation and high-pressure discharge matching.
And the circulating high-pressure cooling tank is used for receiving the high-temperature product obtained by the reaction tube, cooling the product by using circulating cooling water, and optionally performing primary filtering separation by using a filter screen.
The waste heat recovery unit is matched with the circulating high-pressure cooling tank. And (3) connecting the heat with a front buffer feeder through a cooling water outlet and a cooling water inlet to carry out pretreatment on the product. The cooled mixed product then enters a product collection tank.
The circulating high-pressure cooling tank is provided with a rear pressure sensor, a one-way valve and a filter for exhausting before product separation.
The circulating high-pressure cooling tank can be combined with a product separation unit, and the product separation unit can also be connected with a carbon dioxide fixing unit to absorb and fix carbon dioxide in product gas.
The product separation unit can also be connected with a gas recovery unit for recycling the required reaction inert gas, and the gas recovery unit is connected with the feeding unit.
The product after cooling and gas recovery of the circulating high-pressure cooling tank is generally a mixture of oil, water and slag. Can be directly matched with a product separation unit according to the product property.
The feed unit may be selected according to the desired pressure, continuity of operation and automation requirements and used in conjunction with the pre-map buffer feeder. The feeding unit is an optional module and is divided into an optional feeding unit I and an optional feeding unit II, and the two feeding modes are respectively divided according to whether the reaction unit needs certain pressure.
The optional first feeding unit is used for feeding materials under the normal pressure state and belongs to a purging type feeding unit.
The first optional feeding unit sequentially comprises a hopper, a solid screw feeder, a cylinder body and a check valve according to the material movement direction; the check valve is connected with the front buffer feeder; the solid screw feeder is driven by a solid screw feeder motor, and the gas booster pump is connected with the top of the cylinder body;
the gas booster pump is connected with the gas recovery unit or directly connected with external gas to boost gas for purging and feeding materials.
The first optional feeding unit is used for feeding materials into the hopper, the solid screw feeder is driven to rotate by the solid screw feeder motor, the materials are brought into the cylinder body in the rotating process, and the gas obtains larger pressure through the gas booster pump, so that the materials in the cylinder body are pressed by the gas and enter the front buffer feeder through the check valve.
The check valve in the first optional feeding unit belongs to a one-way valve, and is automatically closed after the materials pass through.
In the first optional feeding unit, the hopper, the solid screw feeder motor and the gas booster pump are all connected with a control element.
And the motor of the solid screw feeder is provided with a frequency converter.
The optional feeding unit is fed under the reaction carried out under a certain pressure, and belongs to a double-cylinder plunger type feeding unit. The design can be used for continuous feeding of the pressurized reaction.
The second optional feeding unit comprises a hopper, a solid screw feeder motor, a hydraulic pump, a parallel-bar feeding control valve, a parallel-bar feeder and a parallel-bar discharging check valve.
The second optional feeding unit sequentially comprises a hopper, a solid screw feeder and a parallel-bar feeder according to the material movement direction, wherein the parallel-bar feeder is provided with a parallel-bar feeding pipeline, and the parallel-bar feeding pipeline is respectively provided with a parallel-bar feeding control valve, a piston and a parallel-bar discharging check valve; the parallel-bar discharge check valve is connected with the front buffer feeder; a hydraulic pump driving piston;
a solid screw feeder motor drives the solid screw feeder;
and in the feeding process of the second optional feeding unit, the material is placed in a hopper, a motor of the solid screw feeder drives the solid screw feeder to rotate, and the material enters a parallel-bar feeding pipeline of the parallel-bar feeder in the rotating process. The parallel-bar feeding valve and the parallel-bar discharging valve are matched with each other, the left valve is opened, the piston is driven by the hydraulic pump, the compression material enters the front buffer feeder from the left valve, then the left valve is closed, the right valve is opened, the piston is driven by the hydraulic pump, and the compression material enters the front buffer feeder from the right valve. Thereby achieving a continuous feed process.
The parallel-bar feeding control valve of the second optional feeding unit is an electromagnetic valve, and the parallel-bar discharging check valve is a check valve.
And the motor of the solid screw feeder is provided with a frequency converter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform is combined in a modular mode, a reaction unit is used as a main body, different reaction conditions and product properties are combined, a feeding unit and a separation unit are combined freely, and the function of multifunctional thermochemical conversion of biomass is achieved. Aiming at different reactions, different units are selected to participate in the reactions. The multifunctional operation can be carried out according to different reactions, the manual/automatic, continuous/semi-continuous conversion is realized, and different thermochemical conversion requirements are met.
The multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform provided by the invention provides two optional feeding units aiming at the specific pressure condition of reaction, and the combination of a hydraulic piston and a one-way valve and the combination of a purging type and a one-way valve can ensure the stable conveying of various biomass slurries and realize the function of continuous feeding.
The multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform provided by the invention provides two optional separation units aiming at the characteristics of reaction products and subsequent application research, can realize efficient and continuous separation of the products and recycle of the reaction products after separation, and is simple in structure, low in cost and applicable to continuous separation of the products.
The multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform can realize multifunctional feeding, meets the feeding and reaction requirements of gas/gas reaction, gas/liquid/solid reaction, and is also suitable for some particularly strong exothermic reactions.
The multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform can realize continuous feeding and continuous reaction, and the combination of the feeding unit and the reaction unit through the two semi-continuous devices reduces the equipment requirement, improves the universality of raw materials, improves the compatibility of equipment and reduces the overall cost of the system.
The multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform can realize comprehensive verification of production of the amplification prod, and is beneficial to researching the thermochemical conversion reaction process level by level.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an alternative feed unit configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternative feeding unit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
First, implementation of the feeding mode
1. Gas/gas reaction or gas/liquid reaction
By adopting the reaction unit of the multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform, the solid feeding port 1, the liquid feeding port 2 and the gas feeding port 3 can realize that different gas components are fed together and an additional valve is used for controlling feeding, and simultaneously, solid feeding, liquid feeding and gas feeding can also be realized.
After the material enters the front buffer feeder 8, the front buffer feeder stirring motor 4 is started to drive the front buffer feeder stirrer 7 to rotate, and the front pressure sensor 5 is used for detecting the reaction pressure in real time and ensuring safety through the explosion-proof valve 6. The screw feeder 9 is rotated by the front buffer feeder agitator 7, and the material can be fed into the reaction tube 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the reaction tube 10 is heated by the three-stage heating furnace 12, and the reaction temperature sensor 22 detects the real-time reaction temperature. The first temperature sensor 23, the second temperature sensor 24 and the third temperature sensor 25 respectively correspond to different heating sections of the three-section heating furnace 12 and are used for detecting the temperatures of the heating furnace. An upper catalyst basket 11 and a lower catalyst basket 11 are arranged in the reaction tube 10, and are both in a constant temperature area, so that the reaction is completely carried out.
Removal of the reaction temperature sensor 22 and catalyst basket 11 may also be performed for direct screw feed of the screw feeder 9 through the reaction tube 10 to aid in material feeding and control of the reaction rate.
The products of the gas-gas reaction are divided into the following products, wherein the products are pure gases, and the products are gas adding liquid and gas reinforcing liquid. For different properties of the product, an optional separation unit can be formed by selecting different equipment.
The post-cycle high pressure cooling tank 20 can be used for simple separation. The circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20 is connected to the cooling water outlet 16 and the cooling water inlet 17 for circulating, and is used for cooling the high-temperature product received from the reaction tube 10. A filter screen 19 is additionally provided for simple solid-liquid separation, the solids are left in a post-circulation high-pressure cooling tank 20, the liquid is collected through a discharge ball valve 18, and the gas is simply purified through a check valve 14 and a filter 15 and then collected. The cooled mixed product then enters a product collection tank. A rear pressure sensor 13 is also provided for detecting the pressure in the rear-circulation high-pressure cooling tank 20.
And the waste heat recovery unit 40 is matched with the rear circulation high-pressure cooling tank 20. The heat is circulated through the cooling water outlet 16 and the cooling water inlet 17 in connection with the front buffer feeder 8 for product pretreatment.
The recirculating high pressure cooling tank 20 is connected to a product separation unit 50 through a discharge ball valve 18.
The product separation unit 50 is also connected to a carbon dioxide fixation unit 60; and (4) carrying out fixed absorption on carbon dioxide in the product gas.
The product separation unit 50 is also connected to a gas recovery unit 70, and the gas recovery unit 70 is connected to a feeding unit 80 for recycling the desired reaction inert gas.
2. Gas/liquid/solid three-phase reaction
The feed unit can be selected according to the required pressure, the continuity of operation and the automation requirements and is used in conjunction with the feed tank of figure 2. The feeding unit is an optional module and is divided into an optional feeding unit I and an optional feeding unit II, and the two feeding modes are respectively divided according to whether the reaction unit is under pressure.
Referring to fig. 3, an optional feeding unit, which is used for feeding under normal pressure, belongs to a purge type feeding unit.
One of the optional feeding units comprises a hopper 31, a solid screw feeder 29, a solid screw feeder motor 30, a cylinder 26, a gas booster pump 27 and a check valve 28.
The optional feeding unit, i.e. the booster pump 27, is connected with the gas recovery unit 70 or directly connected with external gas to boost the gas for purging and feeding materials.
In the first optional feeding unit feeding process, the material is placed in the hopper 31, the solid screw feeder 28 is driven to rotate by the solid screw feeder motor 30, the material is brought into the cylinder 26 in the rotating process, and the gas obtains larger pressure by the gas booster pump 27, so that the material in the cylinder 26 is forced by the gas to enter the front buffer feeder 8 through the check valve 28.
The check valve 28 in the first optional feeding unit belongs to a one-way valve and is automatically closed after the materials pass through.
In the first optional feeding unit, the hopper 31, the solid screw feeder 29, the solid screw feeder motor 30 and the gas booster pump 27 are all connected with a control element.
The solid screw feeder motor 30 is provided with a frequency converter.
The screw in the solid screw feeder 29 is able to withstand a pressure of 7 MPa.
Referring to fig. 4, the second optional feeding unit is feeding under reaction under a certain pressure, and belongs to a double-cylinder plunger type feeding unit. The design can be used for continuous feeding of the pressurized reaction.
The second optional feed unit comprises a hopper 31, a solid screw feeder 29, a solid screw feeder motor 30, a hydraulic pump 32, a parallel-bar feed control valve 33, a parallel-bar feeder 34, a parallel-bar discharge check valve 35.
In the feeding process of the optional feeding unit II, the material is placed in a hopper 31, a solid screw feeder 29 is driven to rotate by a solid screw feeder motor 30, and the material enters a parallel-bar feeding pipeline in the rotating process. Have parallel bar feed valve 33 and parallel bar bleeder valve 35 to mutually support, open the left side valve with, drive the piston by hydraulic pump 32, oppress the material and get into preceding buffer feeder 8 from the left side valve, then close the left side valve, open the right side valve, drive the piston by hydraulic pump 32, oppress the material and get into preceding buffer feeder 8 from the right side valve. Thereby achieving a continuous feed process.
The parallel-bar feeding control valve 33 of the second optional feeding unit is an electromagnetic valve, and the parallel-bar discharging check valve 35 is a check valve.
The solid screw feeder motor 30 is provided with a frequency converter.
The screw in the solid screw feeder 29 is able to withstand a pressure of 7 MPa.
The front buffer feeder 8 includes a front buffer feeder stirring motor 4, a front buffer feeder stirrer 7, and a screw feeder 9. The front buffer feeder 8 has the functions of both pre-treatment, adjusting the solids content and controlling the entry into the bulk reactor.
The front buffer feeder 8 comprises a solid feeding hole 1, a liquid feeding hole 2 and a gas feeding hole 3, and the feeding holes are connected with the front buffer feeder 8 and controlled by a high-pressure ball valve; the front buffer feeder stirring motor 4 is connected with the front buffer feeder stirrer 7, and the front buffer feeder stirrer 7 is driven to rotate by controlling the rotating speed of the front buffer feeder stirring motor 4 so as to ensure the uniformity of feeding and control the feeding speed.
The front buffer feeder 8 is provided with a front pressure sensor 5 and an explosion-proof valve 6 and is used for detecting the pressure change in the material stirring tank in the reaction process and preventing the safety accident problem caused by overlarge pressure.
And the stirring motor 4 of the front buffer feeder is provided with a frequency converter.
The screw feeder 9 comprises a pressure-resistant housing and a screw. Wherein the pressure-resistant shell and the front buffer feeder 8 are integrated, so that the integral sealing property and the pressure resistance are ensured; the screw is connected to the front buffer feeder agitator 7 to form an integral unit.
The screw used for the screw feeder 9 has a replaceable function, and screws with different lengths can be selected according to requirements. The longest length can pass through the reaction tube 10 and the circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20.
The front buffer feeder 8 and the screw feeder 9 are integrated, materials enter the front buffer feeder 8 through the solid feeding hole 1, the liquid feeding hole 2 and the gas feeding hole 3, and the materials are driven to enter the reaction tube 10 through the front buffer feeder stirrer 7 and the screw feeder 9.
The thermochemical reactor comprises a reaction tube 10, a catalyst basket 11, a three-stage heating furnace 12, and a reaction temperature sensor 22, a first temperature sensor 23, a second temperature sensor 24 and a third temperature sensor 25.
The reaction tube 10 is heated by a three-stage furnace 12 to reach the reaction temperature.
The top of the reaction tube 10 is connected with the screw feeder 9, and the top is also provided with a fixed point for hanging a catalyst basket 11, and the reaction tube is wrapped by a three-section heating furnace 12. Wherein the reaction tube 10 is vertically communicated with the screw feeder 9, and the screw drives the materials, which is helpful for the materials to continuously and uniformly enter the reaction tube 10.
The catalyst basket 11, two sets up about, all is in the constant temperature region, helps the complete progress of reaction. Wherein the catalyst baskets 11 are connected by hooks and hung together on a hanging line led out from a fixed point at the top of the reaction tube 10. Wherein the catalyst basket 11 is a cylindrical honeycomb catalyst basket.
The honeycomb catalyst basket comprises a hollow honeycomb basket body, wherein honeycomb support plates are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the catalyst basket 11.
The honeycomb supporting plate is in a grid shape, wherein the size of the grid is larger than the maximum grain size of the solid material.
The catalyst basket has a removable function.
The thermochemical reactor was provided with four temperature sensors. The reaction temperature sensor 22 is used for monitoring the temperature of the reaction tube 10, and the first temperature sensor 23, the second temperature sensor 24 and the third temperature sensor 25 respectively correspond to different heating sections of the three-section heating furnace 12 and are used for monitoring the heating temperature of the three-section heating furnace 12.
Wherein the stirring motor 4 of the front buffer feeder, the three-section type heating furnace 12, the front pressure sensor 5, the reaction temperature sensor 22, the heating furnace temperature sensor 23, the heating furnace temperature sensor 24, the heating furnace temperature sensor 25 and the discharging ball valve 18 are all connected with control elements for realizing automatic control.
The materials enter a reaction tube 10, are heated by a three-section heating furnace 12 for reaction, and then enter a circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20.
The bottom of the thermochemical reactor is connected to a circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20.
The bottom of the reactor 10 is connected with a circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20, and has the function of passing through a selective long screw.
The back circulation high-pressure cooling tank 20 comprises a circulation high-pressure cooling tank 20, a half-moon-shaped hoop 21, a cooling water outlet 16, a cooling water inlet 17 and a filter screen 19. The circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20 has the functions of heat recovery, preliminary separation and matching with high-pressure discharge.
The circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20 is used for receiving high-temperature products obtained by the reaction tube 10, the circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20 is provided with a cooling water outlet 16 and a cooling water inlet 17, the products are cooled by circulating cooling water, and a filter screen 19 can be selected for primary filtering separation.
The waste heat recovery unit 40 is fitted with the circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20. The heat is connected with the front buffer feeder 8 through a cooling water outlet 16 and a cooling water inlet 17 to carry out the pretreatment of the product. The cooled mixed product then enters a product collection tank.
The recycle high pressure cooling tank 20, post pressure sensor 13, check valve 14 and filter 15 are provided for venting before product separation.
The recycle high pressure cooling tank 20 may be coupled to a product separation unit, vented through a one-way valve 14, and coupled to an optional carbon dioxide fixing unit to absorb and fix carbon dioxide from the product gas.
An optional gas recovery unit for recycling the required reaction inert gas.
The product after cooling and gas recovery in the recycle high-pressure cooling tank 20 is generally a mixture of oil, water and slag. Can be directly matched with relevant separation equipment according to the product properties. Such as: CN 109251774A invented a two-section high-pressure gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator which firstly realizes the solid-liquid continuous separation with pressure state and then separates gas; or directly releasing gas, and then realizing solid-liquid separation by adopting butterfly or horizontal centrifugal equipment, or directly separating oil/water/slag by adopting equipment such as a three-phase separator and the like.
Second, implementation of operation mode
1. Step of intermittent operation
The batch operation is that the units are independent from each other, and the units are independent from each other and do not influence each other. The invention relates to a reaction unit of a multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform.
The reaction tube 10 can be used for pyrolysis experiments, fischer-tropsch synthesis experiments, and catalytic reduction experiments. The catalyst is put into a catalyst basket 11, the reaction raw materials are fed through a feed inlet 1, a feed inlet 2 and a feed inlet 3, and the reaction temperature is controlled through a three-section heating furnace 12 to achieve the reaction purpose. According to the difference of the reaction products, different product separation means are adopted, and the method is specifically explained in a gas/gas reaction or a gas/liquid reaction.
2. Semi-continuous procedure
The reactants are fed into the hopper 31, and the optional first feeding unit is fed from the hopper 31, the materials are placed in the hopper 10, the screw feeder 29 is driven to rotate by the screw feeder motor 30, the materials are brought into the cylinder 26 during the rotation, the inert gas obtains larger pressure by the gas booster pump 27, so that the materials in the cylinder 26 are forced by the inert gas to enter the front buffer feeder 8 through the check valve 28, and the feeding is stopped.
The check valve 28 in the first optional feeding unit belongs to a one-way valve and is automatically closed after the materials pass through.
The front buffer feeder 8 pushes the materials into the reaction tube 10 through the front buffer feeder stirring motor 4, the front buffer feeder stirrer 7 and the screw feeder 9.
The reaction tube 10 is heated by a three-stage furnace 12 to reach the reaction temperature. Wherein the reaction tube 10 and the screw feeder 19 are vertically communicated, and the screw drives the materials, which is helpful for the materials to continuously and uniformly enter the reaction tube.
The thermochemical reactor was provided with four temperature sensors. The reaction temperature sensor 22 is used for monitoring the temperature of the reaction tube 10, and the first temperature sensor 23, the second temperature sensor 24 and the third temperature sensor 25 respectively correspond to different heating sections of the three-section heating furnace 12.
The bottom of the thermochemical reactor is connected to a circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20.
The circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20 is used for receiving high-temperature products obtained by the reaction tube 10, the circulating high-pressure cooling tank 20 is provided with a cooling water outlet 16 and a cooling water inlet 17, the products are cooled by circulating cooling water, and a filter screen 19 can be selected for primary filtering separation.
An optional waste heat recovery unit is fitted with the circulating high pressure cooling tank 20. The heat is connected with the front buffer feeder 8 through a cooling water outlet 16 and a cooling water inlet 17 to carry out the pretreatment of the product. The cooled mixed product then enters a product collection tank.
The recycle high pressure cooling tank 20, post pressure sensor 13, check valve 14 and filter 15 are provided for venting before product separation.
The recycle high pressure cooling tank 20 may be combined with a product separation unit, discharged through a check valve, and combined with a carbon dioxide fixing unit 60 to absorb and fix carbon dioxide in the product gas.
The product separation unit 50 is also connected to a gas recovery unit 70, and the gas recovery unit 70 is connected to a feeding unit 80 for recycling the desired reaction inert gas.
The product after cooling and gas recovery in the recycle high-pressure cooling tank 20 is generally a mixture of oil, water and slag. Can be directly matched with relevant separation equipment according to the product properties. Such as: CN 109251774A invented a two-section high-pressure gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator which firstly realizes the solid-liquid continuous separation with pressure state and then separates gas; or directly releasing gas, and then realizing solid-liquid separation by adopting butterfly or horizontal centrifugal equipment, or directly separating oil/water/slag by adopting equipment such as a three-phase separator and the like.
3. Continuous procedure
The optional feeding unit is fed under the reaction carried out under a certain pressure, and belongs to a double-cylinder plunger type feeding unit. The design can be used for continuous feeding of the pressurized reaction.
The second optional feed unit comprises a hopper 31, a solid screw feeder 29, a solid screw feeder motor 30, a hydraulic pump 32, a parallel-bar feed control valve 33, a parallel-bar feeder 34, a parallel-bar discharge check valve 35.
In the feeding process of the optional feeding unit II, the material is placed in a hopper 31, a solid screw feeder 29 is driven to rotate by a solid screw feeder motor 30, and the material enters a parallel-bar feeding pipeline in the rotating process. Have parallel bar feed valve 33 and parallel bar bleeder valve 35 to mutually support, open the left side valve with, drive the piston by hydraulic pump 32, oppress the material and get into preceding buffer feeder 8 from the left side valve, then close the left side valve, open the right side valve, drive the piston by hydraulic pump 32, oppress the material and get into preceding buffer feeder 8 from the right side valve. Thereby achieving a continuous feed process.
The parallel-bar feeding control valve 33 of the second optional feeding unit is an electromagnetic valve, and the parallel-bar discharging check valve 35 is a check valve.
The solid screw feeder motor 30 is provided with a frequency converter.
The screw in the solid screw feeder 29 is able to withstand a pressure of 7 MPa.
The material enters the front buffer feeder 8 through the feeding unit.
The subsequent operation has been explained in a gas/liquid/solid three-phase reaction.
Third, concrete embodiment
Example 1: oil production by straw thermal cracking (gas/solid continuous reaction)
The reaction unit of the multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform is adopted to carry out a straw pyrolysis experiment. The thermal cracking liquefaction experiment is carried out on the corn straws, the wheat straws and the cotton straws which are used as raw materials at 4 temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550 ℃ and the like, and the biological oil of 3 materials is obtained. When the reaction temperature is 500 ℃, the oil yield of the thermal cracking of 3 kinds of biomass is the highest.
Example 2: biomass pressurized liquid phase treatment (high pressure solid/liquid continuous reaction)
The optional feeding unit II, the reaction unit and the three-phase separator of the multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform are adopted to carry out a hydrothermal coupling ethanol pressurization experiment on the corn straws, so as to separate the three major components.
Wherein the mixing ratio of the corn straws to the water is 1:9-1: 19.
Wherein the mixing ratio of the corn straws to the ethanol is 1:9-1: 19.
Wherein the hydrothermal experiment temperature of the corn straws and the water is 100-300 ℃.
Wherein the experimental temperature of the corn straws and the ethanol is 100-300 ℃.
Wherein, a certain initial pressure is given to ensure that the pressure in the reaction tube and the reaction tube enables the liquid to enter a subcritical state.
The corn straw is subjected to a pressurized hydrothermal coupling ethanol method to obtain a solid product containing 67% of cellulose, 7% of hemicellulose and 25% of lignin. Hydrolysate containing 23% of organic acid and 65% of furan substances can be obtained. Can obtain hydrolysate containing phenolic substances and furan substances. The ethanol lignin can be obtained.
Example 3: biomass pressurized direct hydrothermal conversion (high pressure solid/water/gas continuous reaction)
The optional feeding unit II, the reaction unit and the two-stage three-phase separator of the multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform are adopted to perform a hydrothermal liquefaction experiment of corn straws, so that biomass is converted into biological crude oil.
Wherein the mixing ratio of the corn straws to the water is 1:5-1: 20.
Wherein the hydrothermal experiment temperature of the corn straws and the water is 100-400 ℃.
Wherein, the hydrothermal experiment time of the corn straws and water is 0-30 min.
Wherein, a certain initial pressure of 0-3MPa is given to ensure that the pressure in the reaction tube and the reaction tube enables the liquid to enter a subcritical state.
The corn straws are hydrothermally liquefied to obtain 20.87-40% of heavy component biological crude oil, 20-40% of hydrothermal carbon, 30-70% of light component oil and 5-10% of CO and CO2、H2、CH4And the like. The liquid product mainly comprises two parts, namely a light component and a heavy component, wherein the light component is dissolved in water, mainly comprises organic acid, alcohol, aldehyde and the like, is yellow brown, and has low heat productivity (19-25 MJ/kg); the heavy components mainly comprise dibutyl hydroxy toluene, dibutyl phthalate and the like, are obtained by solvent extraction after hydrothermal liquefaction, and have high heat productivity which is up to 30-35 MJ/kg.
Example 4: (continuous reaction with Hydraulic pressure/liquid)
The reaction unit of the multifunctional high-pressure thermochemical conversion comprehensive platform is adopted to carry out electrophilic nitration reaction on aromatic hydrocarbon.
Wherein the nitration system is NH4NO3TFAA, isoamyl nitrate/BF3Et2O, isoamyl nitrate/TfOH, Cu (NO)3) /TFAA, AgNO3/Tf2O。
Wherein the solvent is ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and nitrate.
The results show that NH4NO3TFAA with trifluoroacetic acid, imidazolium nitrate, isoamyl nitrate/BF3Et2The nitration system composed of O, isoamyl nitrate/TfOH and imidazole trifluoromethanesulfonate has good catalytic activity and recycling performance, and the separation of the product is also convenient.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research is characterized by comprising three units, a feeding unit (80), a reaction unit, a product separation unit (50), a feeding unit (80), a reaction unit and a product separation unit (50) which are sequentially connected;
the reaction unit is a thermochemical reactor and comprises a reactor (10);
the front and the back of the reactor (10) are respectively connected with a front buffer feeder (8) and a circulating high-pressure cooling tank (20), the front buffer feeder (8) is connected with a feeding unit (80), and the circulating high-pressure cooling tank (20) is connected with a product separation unit (50) through a discharge ball valve (18).
2. The integrated platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research according to claim 1, characterized in that the front buffer feeder (8) comprises three feed ports, namely a solid feed port (1), a liquid feed port (2) and a gas feed port (3), and the three feed ports are controlled by high-pressure ball valves;
the front buffer feeder (8) comprises a front buffer feeder stirrer (7); the front buffer feeder stirring motor (4) is connected with the front buffer feeder stirrer (7), and the front buffer feeder stirrer (7) is driven to rotate by controlling the rotating speed of the front buffer feeder stirring motor (4);
the front buffer feeder (8) is provided with a front pressure sensor (5) and an explosion-proof valve (6).
3. The comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research according to claim 1, further comprising a screw feeder (9) arranged at a discharge port at the lower end of the front buffer feeder (8), wherein the discharge port of the screw feeder (9) is connected with the reactor (10); the screw feeder (9) comprises a pressure-resistant shell and a screw; the screw is connected with a front buffer feeder stirrer (7).
4. The comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research according to claim 3, characterized in that the reaction tube (10) and the circulating high-pressure cooling tank (20) are vertically communicated with the screw feeder (9), and the screw feeder (9) selects screws with different lengths as required to extend into the reactor (10) and the circulating high-pressure cooling tank (20).
5. The integrated platform for high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research of claim 1 wherein the thermochemical reactor further comprises a catalyst basket (11), a three-stage furnace (12);
the three-section heating furnace (12) is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction tube (10), and the reaction tube (10) is heated by the three-section heating furnace (12); catalyst baskets (11) are suspended in the reaction tubes (10).
6. The integrated platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research of claim 5, wherein the thermochemical reactor is provided with four temperature sensors, the reaction temperature sensor (22) is located in the cavity of the reactor (10) and is used for monitoring the temperature of the reaction tube (10), and the first temperature sensor (23), the second temperature sensor (24) and the third temperature sensor (25) respectively correspond to different heating sections of the three-section heating furnace (12) and are used for monitoring the heating temperature of the three-section heating furnace.
7. The comprehensive platform for realizing high-pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research according to claim 1, characterized in that the post-cycle high-pressure cooling tank (20) is provided with a half-moon-shaped hoop (21), a cooling water outlet (16), a cooling water inlet (17) and a filter screen (19); used for receiving the high-temperature product obtained by the reaction tube (10), utilizing circulating cooling water to cool the product, and carrying out primary filtration and separation by using a filter screen (19);
the waste heat recovery unit (40) is connected with the circulating high-pressure cooling tank (20) and is used for connecting heat with the front buffer feeder (8) through a cooling water outlet (16) and a cooling water inlet (17);
the circulating high-pressure cooling tank (20) is provided with a rear pressure sensor (13), a one-way valve (14) and a filter (15) for exhausting before product separation.
8. The integrated platform for high pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research of claim 1 wherein the product separation unit (50) is further connected to a carbon dioxide fixation unit (60);
the product separation unit (50) is also connected with a gas recovery unit (70), and the gas recovery unit (70) is connected with a feeding unit (80).
9. The integrated platform for high pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research of claim 8 wherein said feed unit (80) is an optional feed unit one;
the first optional feeding unit sequentially comprises a hopper (31), a solid screw feeder (29), a cylinder body (26) and a check valve (28) according to the material moving direction; the check valve (28) is connected with the front buffer feeder (8); a solid screw feeder motor (30) drives a solid screw feeder (29), and a gas booster pump (27) is connected with the top of the cylinder body (26);
the gas booster pump (27) is connected with the gas recovery unit (70) or directly connected with external gas to boost gas for purging and feeding materials;
the check valve (28) in the first optional feeding unit belongs to a one-way valve, and is automatically closed after the materials pass through;
in the optional feeding unit I, a hopper (31), a solid screw feeder (29), a solid screw feeder motor (30) and a gas booster pump (27) are all connected with a control element.
10. The integrated platform for high pressure thermochemical multifunctional conversion research of claim 1 wherein said feed unit (80) is optional feed unit two;
the optional feeding unit is feeding under reaction carried out under a certain pressure, belongs to a double-cylinder plunger type feeding unit and is used for continuous feeding of pressurized reaction;
the second optional feeding unit sequentially comprises a hopper (31), a solid screw feeder (29) and a parallel-bar feeder (34) according to the material movement direction, wherein the parallel-bar feeder (34) is provided with a parallel-bar feeding pipeline, and the parallel-bar feeding pipeline is respectively provided with a parallel-bar feeding control valve (33), a piston and a parallel-bar discharging check valve (35); the parallel-bar discharging check valve (35) is connected with the front buffer feeder (8); a hydraulic pump (32) drives the piston; a solid screw feeder motor (30) drives the solid screw feeder (29);
the parallel-bar feeding control valve (33) of the second optional feeding unit is an electromagnetic valve, and the parallel-bar discharging check valve (35) is a check valve.
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| US4247240A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-01-27 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Solids feeder having a solids-liquid separator |
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| US4247240A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-01-27 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Solids feeder having a solids-liquid separator |
| CN105664801A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-06-15 | 河南城建学院 | Gas/liquid switching feeding device and heavy organic matter pyrolysis device |
| CN110368885A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-25 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method of biomass continuous hydrothermal liquefaction preparation bio-crude oil |
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