CN113712163A - Method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste - Google Patents
Method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113712163A CN113712163A CN202111065357.4A CN202111065357A CN113712163A CN 113712163 A CN113712163 A CN 113712163A CN 202111065357 A CN202111065357 A CN 202111065357A CN 113712163 A CN113712163 A CN 113712163A
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013332 fish product Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001331845 Equus asinus x caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270708 Testudinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/20—Fish extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product extraction and processing, and discloses a method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: pre-treating; step two: washing; step three: pickling; step four: liming; step five: flushing; step six: boiling the glue; step seven: filtering and solidifying, scraping into 5 cm thick slices with a scraper, and drying the scraped slices to obtain the fish scale glue. The method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste can fully extract qualified fish scales and fish skin glue from fish skins and scales, has the advantages of high extraction rate, less pollution, simple and practical method, capability of large-scale industrial production, resource waste avoidance, bright color and no peculiar smell, and the average extraction rate is 38.9 percent and the purity is 99.25 percent; meanwhile, the method can maintain the environment, reduce the discharge of waste water and waste and obtain higher economic, ecological and social benefits by extracting nutrients from the processed waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product extraction and processing, in particular to a method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste.
Background
The fish product is prepared from sea and fresh water fish by primary processing or deep processing, such as minced fillet, fish ball, fish steak, fish fillet, etc. The fish products are mostly made of clean fish meat on both sides of the fish body in the processing process, and a large amount of waste materials including fish skin, fish head, fish fins, fish bones, fish viscera and the like are generated in the processing process. The waste accounts for about 40-55% of the total weight of the fish body, is rich in protein and high-quality fat, and can be effectively utilized in the prior art because the waste is directly discarded to cause waste of a large amount of resources.
Fish scale glue and fish skin glue are prepared by extracting animal glue from waste skin and scale of fish product in the process of processing to replace pigskin, cowhide, mule skin, tortoise plastron and turtle shell. The fish skin accounts for about 5 percent of the fish body, and the fish scales account for about 2.5 to 4 percent, so that the fish scales and the fish skin are not utilized and are wasted greatly. Practice proves that: the fish scale and fish skin glue are one of the best raw materials in animals, and have the effects of nourishing yin and stopping bleeding like tortoise-plastron glue, donkey-hide gelatin and the like, and have unique effects on moistening lung and tonifying lung.
However, the traditional method for extracting fish scales and fish skin gelatin has many steps and long time consumption, and the loss of fish scales and fish skin gelatin is large in the extraction process, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale production, and therefore, a method for extracting nutrients from fish product processing waste is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste, which can solve the problems that the existing traditional fish scale and fish skin gelatin extraction method has various steps and long time consumption, has large loss of fish scale and fish skin gelatin in the extraction process and is not suitable for large-scale production; the invention effectively solves the problems of the prior art by setting a method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste.
In order to realize the purpose of the method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreating, namely unfreezing and cleaning fish scales, crushing the fish scales into small pieces of tissues by using a crusher, soaking the small pieces of tissues in a 5% NaCl solution, degreasing, centrifuging at low temperature, and removing waste liquid;
step two: washing, namely immediately washing the fish scales soaked in the NaCl solution by using clear water, and then soaking the fish scales in the clear water to remove alkalinity until phenolphthalein is not red;
step three: pickling, namely soaking the cleaned fish scales in hydrochloric acid;
step four: liming, namely washing the fish scales soaked in the acid liquor, and then soaking the fish scales in 2-4 g of lime water per liter to remove other impurities;
step five: washing, washing with clear water, and adding a small amount of hydrochloric acid into the washed fish scales to adjust the pH value to 5-6;
step six: boiling the fish scales, namely putting the processed fish scales in a sandwich steamer to be heated until the fish scales are completely extracted;
step seven: filtering and solidifying, filtering the decocted glue to remove impurities, placing the transparent and clear glue solution in a fixed disc for natural condensation, scraping the glue solution into sheets with the thickness of 5 cm by using a scraper, and drying the scraped sheets to obtain the fish scale glue.
Preferably, in the step one, the mixture is soaked in a 5% NaCl solution at a temperature of 5 ℃ for 10-20 minutes.
Preferably, the low-temperature centrifugation speed in the step one is 6000r/min, the temperature is 5 ℃, and the low-temperature centrifugation time is 20 min.
Preferably, in the third step, the cleaned fish scales are soaked in hydrochloric acid, the amount of the hydrochloric acid is 12% at first, the volume concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 31%, the hydrochloric acid is gradually decreased, the pickling is carried out for 4 times by 8%, 3% and 1%, and the ratio of the scales to the water is 2: 3.
Preferably, the lime water is soaked in the fourth step for 7-14 days.
Preferably, the interlayer steamer is heated in the sixth step at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste, the skin, the scales and the like which are discarded in the fish processing process are comprehensively utilized to extract the animal glue, the fish scales and the fish skin glue can play the effects of nourishing yin and stopping bleeding like tortoise-plastron glue and donkey-hide glue, and have unique effects on moistening lung and tonifying lung, so that the leading product cost can be reduced, and the additional value of aquatic products can be improved; the method can fully extract qualified fish scales and fish skin glue from fish skins and scales, has high extraction rate, less pollution, simple and practical method, can be used for large-scale industrial production, avoids resource waste, and has the advantages of transparent color and no peculiar smell, the average extraction rate is 38.9 percent, and the purity is 99.25 percent; meanwhile, the method can maintain the environment, reduce the discharge of waste water and waste and obtain higher economic, ecological and social benefits by extracting nutrients from the processed waste.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process flow structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the following embodiment is given:
the method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating, namely unfreezing and cleaning fish scales, crushing the fish scales into small tissues by using a crusher, soaking the small tissues in a 5% NaCl solution at a soaking temperature of 5 ℃ for 10 minutes, degreasing, and centrifuging at a low temperature at a low-temperature centrifugation speed of 6000r/min at a temperature of 5 ℃ for 20 minutes to remove waste liquid;
s2: washing, namely immediately washing the fish scales soaked in the NaCl solution by using clear water, and then soaking the fish scales in the clear water to remove alkalinity until phenolphthalein is not red;
s3: pickling, namely soaking the cleaned fish scales in hydrochloric acid, wherein the use amount of the hydrochloric acid is 12 percent (the volume concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 31 percent) at first, and the use amount of the hydrochloric acid is gradually decreased, the pickling is carried out for 4 times according to 8 percent, 3 percent and 1 percent, and the ratio of the scales to the water is 2: 3;
s4: liming, namely washing the fish scales soaked in the acid liquor, and then soaking the fish scales in 2-4 g of lime water per liter for 7 days to remove other impurities;
s5: and (4) washing, washing with clear water, and adding a small amount of hydrochloric acid into the washed fish scales to adjust the pH value to 5-6.
S6: boiling the fish scales, namely putting the processed fish scales in a sandwich steamer to be heated at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours until the fish scales are completely extracted;
s7: filtering and solidifying, filtering the decocted glue to remove impurities, placing the transparent and clear glue solution in a fixed disc for natural condensation, scraping the glue solution into sheets with the thickness of 5 cm by using a scraper, and drying the scraped sheets to obtain the fish scale glue.
The following example II is given:
the method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating, namely unfreezing and cleaning fish scales, crushing the fish scales into small tissues by using a crusher, soaking the small tissues in a 5% NaCl solution at the temperature of 5 ℃ for 20 minutes, degreasing, and centrifuging at a low temperature at the speed of 6000r/min at the temperature of 5 ℃ for 20 minutes to remove waste liquid;
s2: washing, namely immediately washing the fish scales soaked in the NaCl solution by using clear water, and then soaking the fish scales in the clear water to remove alkalinity until phenolphthalein is not red;
s3: pickling, namely soaking the cleaned fish scales in hydrochloric acid, wherein the use amount of the hydrochloric acid is 12 percent (the volume concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 31 percent) at first, and the use amount of the hydrochloric acid is gradually decreased, the pickling is carried out for 4 times according to 8 percent, 3 percent and 1 percent, and the ratio of the scales to the water is 2: 3;
s4: liming, namely washing the fish scales soaked in the acid liquor, and then soaking the fish scales in 2-4 g of lime water per liter for 14 days to remove other impurities;
s5: and (4) washing, washing with clear water, and adding a small amount of hydrochloric acid into the washed fish scales to adjust the pH value to 5-6.
S6: boiling the fish scales, namely putting the processed fish scales in a sandwich steamer to be heated at 70 ℃ for 3 hours until the fish scales are completely extracted;
s7: filtering and solidifying, filtering the decocted glue to remove impurities, placing the transparent and clear glue solution in a fixed disc for natural condensation, scraping the glue solution into sheets with the thickness of 5 cm by using a scraper, and drying the scraped sheets to obtain the fish scale glue.
The working use process and the installation method of the invention are that when the method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste is used, the waste skin, scales and the like in the fish processing process are comprehensively utilized to extract animal glue, and the fish scales and fish skin glue can play the similar effects of nourishing yin and stopping bleeding such as tortoise-plastron glue, donkey-hide glue and the like, have unique effects on moistening lung and tonifying lung, can reduce the leading product cost and improve the additional value of aquatic products; the method can fully extract qualified fish scales and fish skin glue from fish skins and scales, has high extraction rate, less pollution, simple and practical method, can be used for large-scale industrial production, avoids resource waste, and has the advantages of transparent color and no peculiar smell, the average extraction rate is 38.9 percent, and the purity is 99.25 percent; meanwhile, the method can maintain the environment, reduce the discharge of waste water and waste and obtain higher economic, ecological and social benefits by extracting nutrients from the processed waste.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The method for extracting the nutrients from the fish processing waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreating, namely unfreezing and cleaning fish scales, crushing the fish scales into small pieces of tissues by using a crusher, soaking the small pieces of tissues in a 5% NaCl solution, degreasing, centrifuging at low temperature, and removing waste liquid;
step two: washing, namely immediately washing the fish scales soaked in the NaCl solution by using clear water, and then soaking the fish scales in the clear water to remove alkalinity until phenolphthalein is not red;
step three: pickling, namely soaking the cleaned fish scales in hydrochloric acid;
step four: liming, namely washing the fish scales soaked in the acid liquor, and then soaking the fish scales in 2-4 g of lime water per liter to remove other impurities;
step five: washing, washing with clear water, and adding a small amount of hydrochloric acid into the washed fish scales to adjust the pH value to 5-6;
step six: boiling the fish scales, namely putting the processed fish scales in a sandwich steamer to be heated until the fish scales are completely extracted;
step seven: filtering and solidifying, filtering the decocted glue to remove impurities, placing the transparent and clear glue solution in a fixed disc for natural condensation, scraping the glue solution into sheets with the thickness of 5 cm by using a scraper, and drying the scraped sheets to obtain the fish scale glue.
2. The method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste according to the first step of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the mixture in a 5% NaCl solution at the temperature of 5 ℃ for 10-20 minutes.
3. The method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste according to the first step of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the low-temperature centrifugation speed is 6000r/min, the temperature is 5 ℃, and the low-temperature centrifugation time is 20 min.
4. The method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste according to the third step of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: soaking the cleaned fish scales in hydrochloric acid, wherein the use amount of the hydrochloric acid is 12 percent at first, the volume concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 31 percent, the hydrochloric acid is gradually decreased, the acid is soaked for 4 times in 8 percent, 3 percent and 1 percent, and the ratio of the scales to the water is 2: 3.
5. The method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste according to the fourth step of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and soaking in lime water for 7-14 days.
6. The method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste according to the sixth step of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and heating in the interlayer steamer at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111065357.4A CN113712163A (en) | 2021-09-12 | 2021-09-12 | Method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111065357.4A CN113712163A (en) | 2021-09-12 | 2021-09-12 | Method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113712163A true CN113712163A (en) | 2021-11-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111065357.4A Withdrawn CN113712163A (en) | 2021-09-12 | 2021-09-12 | Method for extracting nutrients from fish processing waste |
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| CN (1) | CN113712163A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-09-12 CN CN202111065357.4A patent/CN113712163A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Application publication date: 20211130 |
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