CN113708064B - Circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents
Circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113708064B CN113708064B CN202111259255.6A CN202111259255A CN113708064B CN 113708064 B CN113708064 B CN 113708064B CN 202111259255 A CN202111259255 A CN 202111259255A CN 113708064 B CN113708064 B CN 113708064B
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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Abstract
The invention provides a circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, which comprises: the device comprises a radiation patch and two defected ground phase shifters, wherein the two defected ground phase shifters are orthogonally arranged and are coupled and connected with the radiation patch, and each defected ground phase shifter is connected with an adapter; the adapter is used for switching the radio frequency signal to the defected ground phase shifter; the defected ground phase shifter is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal to the radiation patch according to different signal transmission coefficient phases; the phase shifter with the defect changes the phase of a signal transmission coefficient under the action of different bias voltages; the radiation patch is used for generating different polarization modes according to the signal transmission coefficient phases of the two defected ground phase shifters and radiating radio-frequency signals in the polarization modes. The invention reduces the structural complexity of the antenna and realizes the flexible switching of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna among different polarization modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reconfigurable antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna.
Background
The circularly polarized antenna can reduce the influence of multipath effect, has insensitivity to polarization of linearly polarized electric wave, and can make the relative posture between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna more flexible because of the polarization orthogonality between the left-handed circular polarization and the right-handed circular polarization. And the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna can eliminate or reduce fading generated by multipath effect, so that the system capacity can be effectively enlarged through polarization diversity.
The liquid crystal material has birefringence effect and electrooptical effect, and the molecular orientation of the material can change with the change of an external bias electric field, so that the dielectric constant of the material can be changed.
The conventional millimeter-wave band liquid crystal material-based circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna mostly adopts a meander line/spiral line structure phase shifter or a four-arm orthogonal patch and other forms, and structures such as a delay line and a switching diode are needed, so that the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna is complex in structure and cannot be flexibly switched in different polarization modes, and the performance requirement of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, which is used for solving the defects that the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna in the prior art is complex in structure and cannot flexibly switch different polarization modes, reducing the complexity of the antenna structure and realizing the flexible switching of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna among different polarization modes.
The invention provides a circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, which comprises:
the device comprises a radiation patch and two defected ground phase shifters, wherein the two defected ground phase shifters are orthogonally arranged, are coupled and connected with the radiation patch, and are connected with adapters respectively; wherein,
the adapter is used for receiving a radio frequency signal and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the defected ground phase shifter;
the defected ground phase shifter is used for transmitting the radio-frequency signal to the radiation patch according to different signal transmission coefficient phases; the defected ground phase shifter changes the phase of the signal transmission coefficient under the action of different bias voltages;
the radiation patch is used for generating different polarization modes according to the signal transmission coefficient phases of the two paths of the defected ground phase shifters and radiating the radio-frequency signals in the polarization modes.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the adapter comprises a first inner conductor and two first outer conductors which are arranged in a coplanar manner, wherein the first inner conductor is arranged between the two first outer conductors; one ends of the first inner conductor and the two first outer conductors are connected with a feed port of the radio frequency signal;
the first inner conductor is used for receiving the radio frequency signal;
the first outer conductor is used for coupling and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the defected ground phase shifter.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the two first outer conductors are provided with the rectifying grooves, and the rectifying grooves are used for adjusting the current distribution on the first outer conductors; the two first outer conductors are respectively provided with a groove body, and the two groove bodies form the rectifying grooves; the rectifying groove comprises at least one straight line side, and the extension lines of each of the other sides or the extension lines of each of the other sides are intersected with the perpendicular line of the straight line side; wherein the straight edge is located at an end of the first outer conductor away from the feed port.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the rectifying slot adopts a semi-elliptical slot structure, and the long axis of the semi-elliptical slot structure is positioned at one end of the first outer conductor far away from the feeding port.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the length of the long axis of the semi-elliptical groove structure is not more than 1/3 of the length of the first outer conductor.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the defected ground phase shifter comprises a second outer conductor and a second inner conductor, and a liquid crystal layer is arranged between the second outer conductor and the second inner conductor; the second outer conductor is provided with a plurality of impedance adjusting grooves which are arranged periodically; wherein,
the second outer conductor is used for receiving the radio-frequency signal transmitted by the adapter coupling;
the second inner conductor is connected with the first inner conductor and used for radiating the radio-frequency signal to the radiating patch according to the signal transmission coefficient phase;
the liquid crystal layer is used for changing the signal transmission coefficient phase of the defect ground phase shifter under the action of different bias voltages;
the impedance adjusting slot is used for adjusting the radio frequency input impedance of the defected ground phase shifter.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the impedance adjusting groove adopts a rectangular groove structure.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the length and the width of each rectangular groove structure are not greater than 1/2 of the working wavelength of the radio-frequency signal, and the interval between the two rectangular groove structures does not exceed the width of each rectangular groove structure.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the second outer conductor and the first outer conductor are respectively positioned on two different layers, and the second outer conductor is coupled with the first outer conductor;
the first outer conductor extends in a length direction to the second outer conductor.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the different polarization modes comprise a linear polarization mode and a circular polarization mode;
generating the linear polarization mode under the condition that the bias voltage is not applied to the two paths of the defected ground phase shifters or is applied to the two paths of the defected ground phase shifters; and generating the circularly polarized mode under the condition that the bias voltage is applied to one path of the defected phase shifters.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, the circularly polarized modes comprise a left-hand circularly polarized mode and a right-hand circularly polarized mode, and the left-hand circularly polarized mode and the right-hand circularly polarized mode are switched by applying the bias voltages to different defected ground phase shifters.
According to the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, the radiation patch is excited by the two paths of the defect ground phase shifters which are orthogonally arranged to radiate radio frequency signals, the phase of the signal transmission coefficient of the defect ground phase shifter can be changed by applying the bias voltage to the defect ground phase shifter, and therefore the flexible switching of the polarization mode of a radiation directional diagram of the reconfigurable antenna can be realized by changing the application mode of the bias voltage; meanwhile, the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention does not need structures such as a delay line and a switching diode, and the structural complexity of the antenna is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an adapter provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the adapter of the present invention connected to a defective phase shifter;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a package according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulation calculation result of a 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation calculation result of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention at a frequency band of 13.7 GHz-14.5 GHz.
Reference numerals:
101: an adapter; 102: a defective ground phase shifter; 103: a radiation patch; 201: a first metal layer; 202: an upper glass substrate; 203: a second metal layer; 204: a liquid crystal layer; 205: a third metal layer; 206: a lower glass substrate; 301: a first inner conductor; 302: a first outer conductor; 303: a rectifying tank; 401: a second outer conductor; 402: an impedance adjusting slot; 403: a second inner conductor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and includes: the radiation patch 103 and the two defected ground phase shifters 102 are orthogonally arranged in a space position, the two defected ground phase shifters 102 are coupled with the radiation patch 103, and each defected ground phase shifter 102 is connected with an adapter 101, as shown in fig. 1; wherein,
the adaptor 101 is configured to receive a radio frequency signal and transmit the radio frequency signal to the defective ground phase shifter 102; the structure of the adaptor 101 is shown in fig. 2, and includes: a first inner conductor 301 and two first outer conductors 302 arranged in a coplanar manner, wherein the first inner conductor 301 is used for receiving radio frequency signals, and the first outer conductor 302 is used for coupling and transmitting the radio frequency signals to the defected ground phase shifter 102.
The first inner conductor 301 is arranged between the two first outer conductors 302; the two first outer conductors 302 are the same in size and shape and are arranged in an axisymmetric manner with the first inner conductor 301 as an axis; one end of each of the first inner conductor 301 and the two first outer conductors 302 is connected to a feed port of a radio frequency signal, which in this embodiment is a GSG (ground-signal-ground) type probe feed port on the probe station; wherein, the signal (S) probe tip of the GSG type probe is connected with the first inner conductor 301 in a contact manner, and the two ground (G) probe tips are respectively connected with the two first outer conductors 302 in a contact manner, so as to transfer the rf signal to the defected ground phase shifter 102 through the adaptor 101.
A rectifying groove 303 is formed in the two first outer conductors 302, and as shown by a dashed line frame in fig. 2, the rectifying groove 303 is used for adjusting the current distribution on the first outer conductor 302; wherein, two first outer conductors 302 are respectively provided with a groove body, and the two groove bodies form a rectifying groove 303; the rectifying groove 303 is provided at the end of the first outer conductor 302, i.e., the end of the first outer conductor 302 remote from the feeding port.
According to the invention, the structure of the rectifying groove 303 is innovatively introduced into the tail end of the first outer conductor 302, so that the tail end current distribution on the structure of the first outer conductor 302 is adjusted, the degree of freedom of the adaptor 101 in adjusting the reflection coefficient amplitude of the radio frequency signal of the port of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna can be effectively increased, the radiation efficiency of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna is further improved, and the loss in the radiation process is reduced.
The rectifying groove 303 includes at least one straight side, and each of the remaining sides or an extension line of each of the remaining sides intersects a perpendicular line of the straight side, and the straight side is located at an end of the first outer conductor 302 away from the feed port. The shape of the rectifying groove 303 can be various, such as a semi-ellipse, a semi-circle, a trapezoid, and a triangle, and can be determined according to actual requirements. The rectifying slot 303 can effectively improve current distribution on the metal conductor (the first outer conductor 302) due to the irregular geometric shape, improve the effectiveness of amplitude adjustment of the reflection coefficient of the radio frequency signal, and simultaneously have the function of expanding the bandwidth of the reflection coefficient of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna.
In this embodiment, the size of the rectifying groove 303 is calculated and optimized by software, for example, commercial electromagnetic simulation software may be adopted, and the size of the rectifying groove 303, the length and the width of the first outer conductor 302, and the length and the width of the first inner conductor 301 are input into the commercial electromagnetic simulation software as variables, so that the calculation and the optimization of the size of the rectifying groove 303 are completed.
Alternatively, the rectifying groove 303 in the present invention adopts a semi-elliptical groove structure, and the long axis of the semi-elliptical groove structure is located at one end of the first outer conductor 302 away from the feeding port; the two first outer conductors 302 are provided with a groove body which jointly forms a semi-elliptical groove structure, that is, each first outer conductor 302 is provided with an elliptical groove body of 1/4, and the two 1/4 elliptical groove bodies jointly form the semi-elliptical groove structure. Due to the arc shape of the semi-elliptical groove structure, the stability of radio frequency signal reflection coefficient amplitude adjustment can be improved, and further the performance of circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna signal radiation is ensured.
In the process of simulating through commercial electromagnetic simulation software, the length of the long and short axes of the semi-elliptical groove structure, the length and width of the first outer conductor 302 and the length and width of the first inner conductor 301 are used as variables to be input into the commercial electromagnetic simulation software, so that the calculation and optimization of the size of the semi-elliptical groove structure are completed; simulation optimization results show that under the condition that the length of the long axis of the semi-elliptical groove structure is not more than 1/3 of the length of the first outer conductor 302, the amplitude of the reflection coefficient of the radio frequency signal is lower than-20 dB in a required millimeter wave frequency band, and the requirements of design and industrial production are met; wherein, the length of the first outer conductor 302 is the length of the end of the first outer conductor 302 away from the feeding port.
The defected ground phase shifter 102 is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal to the radiation patch 103 according to different signal transmission coefficient phases; the defected ground phase shifter 102 comprises a liquid crystal layer 204, and the liquid crystal layer 204 is used for changing the phase of the signal transmission coefficient of the defected ground phase shifter 102 under the action of different bias voltages; the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 is less than a preset thickness; the radio frequency signal comprises amplitude and phase two-dimensional characteristics in the transmission process, and the signal transmission coefficient phase is used for determining the phase characteristics of the radio frequency signal in the transmission process.
The principle that the liquid crystal layer 204 changes the phase of the signal transmission coefficient of the defected ground phase shifter 102 under the action of different bias voltages is as follows:
when no bias voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 204 point to a horizontal pre-alignment state, and after the bias voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 204 point to the direction of an electric field along the bias voltage, so that the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material is changed by applying the bias voltage, the corresponding signal transmission coefficient phase of the defected ground phase shifter 102 has a phase shift difference value of approximately 90 degrees when the bias voltage is applied or not applied, and the port amplitude phase characteristic required by the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna can be met.
The structure of the defected ground phase shifter 102 further includes: a second outer conductor 401, a second inner conductor 403, and a liquid crystal layer 204 disposed between the two layers of the second outer conductor 401 and the second inner conductor 403; a plurality of periodically arranged impedance adjusting grooves 402 are formed in the second outer conductor 401; the second outer conductor 401 is coupled with the first outer conductor 302, and is used for receiving the radio-frequency signal transmitted by the adaptor 101 under the coupling action of the electromagnetic field; the second inner conductor 403 is in contact connection with the first inner conductor 301, and is used for radiating the radio-frequency signal to the radiating patch 103 according to the signal transmission coefficient phase; the impedance adjusting slot 402 is used for adjusting the radio frequency input impedance of the defected ground phase shifter 102; the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 can be reduced by providing the size of the resistance adjustment grooves 402 and the arrangement period, as shown in fig. 3.
The principle of reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 by setting the size and the arrangement period of the resistance adjustment grooves 402 is as follows:
the phase shifter belongs to a radio frequency passive device, and the main functional indexes of the phase shifter comprise: the radio frequency signal transmission coefficient amplitude, the radio frequency signal transmission coefficient phase and the radio frequency signal reflection coefficient amplitude; the signal of the radiation body of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna is fed by the two phase shifters, so that the performance of the phase shifter directly influences the function effect of the radiation body. Wherein, the amplitude of the reflection coefficient of the radio frequency signal of the defected ground phase shifter 102 is directly related to the input impedance characteristic of the defected ground phase shifter 102; the rf input impedance characteristic is mainly determined by the width of the second inner conductor 403, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204, and the material parameters used by the liquid crystal layer 204, wherein the rf input impedance of the defected ground phase shifter 102 can be qualitatively expressed by equivalent inductance and equivalent capacitance, if the impedance adjusting tank 402 is not adopted, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 is directly reduced, which will cause the increase of the equivalent inductance value, and further cause the deterioration of the input impedance characteristic of the defected ground phase shifter 102, thereby deteriorating the rf signal reflection coefficient amplitude; the invention creatively introduces the structure of the impedance adjusting groove 402, generates an additional capacitance effect through the impedance adjusting groove 402, and compensates the increase of equivalent inductance caused by the reduction of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 through the additional capacitance effect, thereby ensuring that the radio frequency input impedance characteristic of the defected phase shifter 102, namely the radio frequency signal reflection coefficient amplitude is not influenced when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 is reduced.
The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 of the defected ground phase shifter 102 can be reduced to less than 10 μm by reasonably designing the size and the arrangement period of the impedance adjusting grooves 402; the intervals between any two adjacent impedance adjusting slots 402 are equal, and one impedance adjusting slot and one interval are one arrangement period.
The conventional millimeter-wave band circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal material mostly adopts a bent line/spiral line structure phase shifter or a four-arm orthogonal patch and other forms, and in the structure, certain requirements are required on the thickness of a liquid crystal layer due to impedance matching, and the thickness of the liquid crystal material is usually between 50 and 200 micrometers and cannot be compatible with the technological requirements of an LCD production line. Meanwhile, the response rate of the liquid crystal is generally in inverse proportion to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, so that the current circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal material has certain technical defects in the aspects of high speed, low cost, large-scale production and application and the like. Compared with the current antenna structure, the liquid crystal antenna realizes effective reduction of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204, and overcomes the defect of thicker liquid crystal layer of the traditional liquid crystal antenna; on one hand, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 is reduced to be less than 10 μm, so that the liquid crystal layer can be compatible with the process requirements of an LCD production line; on the other hand, since the response rate of the liquid crystal is inversely proportional to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 is reduced to be less than 10 μm, so that the defected ground phase shifter 102 has a high signal transmission coefficient in a working millimeter wave band, and therefore, the electric control switching of linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization is realized by means of a liquid crystal material, and the regulation rate of the circular polarization reconfigurable antenna can be greatly improved. Therefore, the reconfigurable antenna has the advantages of high speed, low cost and large-scale production and application.
The shape of the impedance adjusting slot 402 can be various, such as rectangular, square, parallelogram, trapezoid, and can be determined according to practical requirements. In this embodiment, the size and the arrangement period of the impedance adjusting slot 402 are calculated and optimized by software, for example, commercial electromagnetic simulation software may be adopted, and the size and the arrangement period of the impedance adjusting slot 402 are input to the commercial electromagnetic simulation software as variables, so as to complete the calculation and optimization of the size and the arrangement period of the impedance adjusting slot 402.
Alternatively, the impedance adjusting slot 402 of the present invention has a rectangular slot structure, and the rectangular slot structure can better generate a capacitance effect, so as to compensate for the increase of the equivalent inductance caused by the decrease of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204, and reduce the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 to a thinner level. The length, the width and the arrangement period of the rectangular groove structures are used as variables to be input into the commercial electromagnetic simulation software, and a simulation optimization result shows that when the length and the width of the rectangular groove structures do not exceed 1/2 of the working wavelength of a radio frequency signal and the interval between the two rectangular groove structures does not exceed the width of the rectangular groove structures, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 204 can be reduced to be less than 10 micrometers, and the transmission characteristics of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna are ensured, for example, the length and the width of the rectangular groove structures do not exceed 10 mm.
The radiation patch 103 is configured to generate different polarization modes according to the signal transmission coefficient phases of the two defect ground phase shifters 102, and radiate a radio frequency signal in the polarization modes; the different polarization modes include a linear polarization mode and a circular polarization mode, and the linear polarization mode is generated under the condition that bias voltage is not applied or is applied to both the two defect ground phase shifters 102; generating a circular polarization mode under the condition that a bias voltage is applied to one of the defected ground phase shifters 102; the circular polarization mode includes a left-hand circular polarization mode and a right-hand circular polarization mode, and the left-hand circular polarization mode and the right-hand circular polarization mode are switched by applying bias voltages to different defected ground phase shifters 102, that is, when one of the defected ground phase shifters 102 applies a bias voltage, the left-hand circular polarization mode is formed, and when the other one of the defected ground phase shifters 102 applies a bias voltage, the right-hand circular polarization mode is formed. Therefore, the electrical control switching of the linear polarization, the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization of a radiation pattern can be realized by changing the bias voltage of the two defected ground phase shifters 102 which are orthogonally arranged, the structures of delay lines, switching diodes and the like used by the traditional circular polarization reconfigurable antenna are avoided, the antenna structure is simple, and the regulation and control method is flexible and convenient.
The radiation patch 103, the two defected ground phase shifters 102 and the adapter 101 of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna are all packaged in a package, and the package comprises a first metal layer 201, an upper glass substrate 202, a second metal layer 203, a third metal layer 205 and a lower glass substrate 206 which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; wherein, the liquid crystal layer 204 is encapsulated between the second metal layer 203 and the third metal layer 205, as shown in fig. 4; the first inner conductor 301, the two first outer conductors 302, the second inner conductor 403 are located at the position of the third metal layer 205, the second outer conductor 401 is located at the position of the second metal layer 203, that is, the radiation patch 103 and the liquid crystal layer 204 of the present invention are respectively disposed at two different sides of the plane where the second outer conductor 401 is located, the second outer conductor 401 and the first outer conductor 302 are respectively located at two different parallel layers, the second outer conductor 401 and the first outer conductor 302 are coupled under the coupling action of the ground magnetic field, and the adaptor couples the radio frequency signal to the second outer conductor 401 of the defected ground phase shifter 102 with the structure of the impedance adjusting slot 402 through the first outer conductor 302. Wherein, the first outer conductor 302 of the adapter 101 extends to the second outer conductor 401 of the defected ground phase shifter 102 in the length direction, i.e. there is an overlap between the first outer conductor 302 and the projection of the second outer conductor 401 on the second outer conductor 401 to increase the coupling effect; the radiation patch 103 is located at the position of the first metal layer 201, the radiation patch 103 is coupled and excited by the defected ground phase shifter 102 to generate electromagnetic wave radiation towards the space, when no bias voltage is applied to any of the two defected ground phase shifters 102, the radiation field of the radiation patch 103 is in a linear polarization state, and after the bias voltage is applied to each of the two defected ground phase shifters 102, the radiation field of the radiation patch 103 can be switched from right-hand circular polarization to left-hand circular polarization.
In order to further verify the performance of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, simulation calculation is performed on the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, and the simulation calculation result is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the normal 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna pattern is 13.41 GHz-15.2 GHz, and the relative bandwidth ffoc =2 (f)H-fL)/(fH+fL) =12%, wherein fHAnd fLRespectively representing an upper limit frequency and a lower limit frequency; compared with the relative bandwidth of 1.2 percent in the prior art, the invention realizes the effective expansion of the bandwidth; meanwhile, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is reduced to below 10 μm compared with 250 μm in the prior art, and the realization of the liquid crystal layerThe reconstruction antenna has high speed, low cost and large-scale production application, and the defected ground phase shifter has higher signal transmission coefficient in a working millimeter wave band.
The simulation calculation result of the required frequency band of 13.7 GHz-14.5 GHz is shown in FIG. 6, and as can be seen from FIG. 6, the gain of the antenna in the frequency band is higher than 4.6dB, and the axial ratio is lower than 2.16dB, so that the circular polarization reconfigurable antenna has a good signal transmission effect. In fig. 5 and 6, AR is axial ratio and GAIN is antenna GAIN.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, comprising: the device comprises a radiation patch (103) and two defect ground phase shifters (102), wherein the two defect ground phase shifters (102) are orthogonally arranged, the two defect ground phase shifters (102) are coupled with the radiation patch (103), and each defect ground phase shifter (102) is connected with an adapter (101); wherein,
the adaptor (101) is used for receiving a radio frequency signal and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the defected ground phase shifter (102);
the defected ground phase shifter (102) is used for transmitting the radio frequency signal to the radiation patch (103) according to different signal transmission coefficient phases; wherein the defected ground phase shifter (102) changes the signal transmission coefficient phase under the action of different bias voltages;
the radiation patch (103) is used for generating different polarization modes according to the signal transmission coefficient phases of the two paths of defected ground phase shifters (102) and radiating the radio-frequency signal in the polarization modes;
the adaptor (101) comprises a first inner conductor (301) and two first outer conductors (302) which are arranged in a coplanar manner; the first inner conductor (301) is arranged between the two first outer conductors (302);
the defected ground phase shifter (102) comprises a second outer conductor (401) and a second inner conductor (403), and a liquid crystal layer (204) is arranged between the second outer conductor (401) and the second inner conductor (403); a plurality of impedance adjusting grooves (402) are formed in the second outer conductor (401), and the impedance adjusting grooves (402) are arranged periodically; wherein,
the second outer conductor (401) is used for receiving the radio frequency signal transmitted by the adaptor (101); the second outer conductor (401) and the first outer conductor (302) are respectively positioned on two different layers; the radiation patch (103) and the second outer conductor (401) are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the upper glass substrate (202);
the second inner conductor (403) is connected with the first inner conductor (301) and is used for radiating the radio-frequency signal to the radiating patch (103) according to the signal transmission coefficient phase;
the liquid crystal layer (204) is used for changing the signal transmission coefficient phase of the defected ground phase shifter (102) under the action of different bias voltages;
the impedance adjusting slot (402) is used for adjusting the radio frequency input impedance of the defected ground phase shifter (102); the projection of the second inner conductor (403) on the second outer conductor (401) overlaps with the plurality of impedance adjusting grooves (402).
2. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein one end of each of the first inner conductor (301) and the two first outer conductors (302) is connected to a feed port of the radio frequency signal;
the first inner conductor (301) is used for receiving the radio frequency signal;
the first outer conductor (302) is used for coupling and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the defected ground phase shifter (102).
3. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna according to claim 2, wherein two of the first outer conductors (302) are provided with rectifying slots (303), and the rectifying slots (303) are used for adjusting current distribution on the first outer conductors (302); wherein, two first outer conductors (302) are respectively provided with a groove body, and the two groove bodies form the rectifying groove (303); the rectifying groove (303) comprises at least one straight line side, and the extension lines of the rest of each side or the rest of each side are intersected with the perpendicular line of the straight line side; wherein the straight edge is located at an end of the first outer conductor (302) remote from the feed port.
4. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna according to claim 3, wherein the rectifying slot (303) adopts a semi-elliptical slot structure, and a long axis of the semi-elliptical slot structure is located at an end of the first outer conductor (302) far away from the feed port.
5. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna of claim 4, wherein the length of the major axis of the semi-elliptical slot structure is no greater than 1/3 times the length of the first outer conductor (302).
6. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the impedance adjusting slot (402) has a rectangular slot structure.
7. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna of claim 6, wherein the length and the width of each rectangular slot structure are not greater than 1/2 of the operating wavelength of the radio frequency signal, and the interval between two rectangular slot structures does not exceed the width of the rectangular slot structures.
8. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna of claim 2, wherein the second outer conductor (401) is coupled with the first outer conductor (302);
the first outer conductor (302) extends in a length direction to the second outer conductor (401).
9. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the different polarization modes include a linear polarization mode, a circular polarization mode;
generating the linear polarization mode under the condition that the bias voltage is not applied to or is applied to both of the two defective ground phase shifters (102); and generating the circularly polarized mode under the condition that the bias voltage is applied to one path of the defected phase shifters (102).
10. The circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna of claim 9, wherein the circularly polarized modes comprise a left-hand circularly polarized mode and a right-hand circularly polarized mode, and the left-hand circularly polarized mode and the right-hand circularly polarized mode are switched by applying the bias voltages to the different defected ground phase shifters (102).
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| CN107887694A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-04-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of frequency/polarization/direction figure independence restructural paster antenna for strengthening polarization reconfigurable ability using liquid crystal material |
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| CN112103632A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2020-12-18 | 网络通信与安全紫金山实验室 | Polarization reconfigurable antenna based on liquid crystal material and manufacturing and regulating method thereof |
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| CN108539331A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-14 | 合肥工业大学 | The phased array antenna of Terahertz fluting phase-shifting unit and its composition based on liquid crystal |
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