CN113702613A - Method for determining critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of material - Google Patents
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000742 Microalloyed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni].[Mo] OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing a single-pass compression experiment on the experimental material to obtain a stress-strain curve in the deformation process; 2) taking absolute values of the stress sigma and the strain epsilon data, and then redrawing a stress-strain curve in a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system or an lg sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system; 3) calibrating partial regions of the linear section, and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained in a subinterval with the regression coefficient R being more than or equal to 0.99; 4) xi is drawn under a rectangular coordinate system2-an epsilon curve; 5) and determining the critical strain value of the material for dynamic recrystallization. The invention can quickly and accurately determine the critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of the material during compression deformation, and provides a basis for mastering the technological parameters of the steel material in the hot working process and optimizing the hot working process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material hot working, in particular to a method for determining a critical condition of a material for dynamic recrystallization.
Background
When the metal material is subjected to high-temperature plastic deformation, on one hand, the metal material can be subjected to work hardening along with the increase of the deformation amount, so that a large amount of dislocation is generated in the material; on the other hand, a softening process of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization is generated to counteract the work hardening. Dynamic recrystallization has a great influence on the subsequent phase transition behavior and the mechanical properties of the final product, and one of the current mathematical models working on studying dynamic recrystallization of metals and alloys during hot deformation is to determine the critical conditions under which dynamic recrystallization occurs.
Initially, some scholars considered the strain corresponding to the peak stress in the true stress-strain curve of the material as the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization, and then studied to find that the metal had recrystallized before the peak stress was reached. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use the strain corresponding to the stress peak as the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization. The other direct method is to determine the dynamic recrystallization critical strain by observing the metallographic microstructure under different strain quantities, and the method has high operation difficulty and certain deviation between the determined critical strain and the actual critical strain.
Chinese patent No. ZL201811110795.6 discloses a method for predicting critical reduction of dynamic recrystallization during hot rolling of microalloy steel, which is based on metallographic structure observation, a high-temperature compression experiment is carried out on a cylindrical sample at a deformation temperature of 850-1250 ℃, peak strains at different temperatures are read on a rheological stress curve obtained by the experiment, the ranges of the critical strains of the dynamic recrystallization at different temperatures are calculated, the critical strains of the dynamic recrystallization are determined by combining the peak strains and the critical strains, and then a relation between the strains corresponding to the peak stresses and the critical strains is obtained by linear fitting. The critical strain range selected in the method is a wider data interval, the interval cannot cover rheological behavior characteristics of all materials, metallographic structure observation operation is difficult, and linear fitting has certain deviation, so that the method is difficult to give accurate critical strain.
Ryan, McQueen, Kocks et al define the stress on the theta-sigma curve where theta and sigma begin to deviate from a linear relationship as critical stress based on the difference in dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization, strain hardening behavior, and thereby determine the critical strain. However, when the true stress is smaller than the critical stress, the linear relationship between θ and σ is not necessarily necessary, and it is difficult to determine the position of the inflection point, i.e., the critical stress. And the theta-sigma curve is obtained, and operations such as fitting, differentiation, curve transformation and the like of experimental data are needed.
In summary, in order to quickly and accurately determine the critical condition for dynamic recrystallization, a new determination method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of a material, which can quickly and accurately determine the critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of the material during compression deformation, and provides a basis for mastering the technological parameters of a steel material in the hot working process and optimizing the hot working process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material, comprising the steps of:
1) performing a single-pass compression experiment on the experimental material through a thermal simulation experiment to obtain a stress-strain curve of the experimental material in a deformation process; smoothing the obtained stress-strain curve, and removing the influence of noise on an experimental curve;
2) taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1), namely, the stress sigma and the strain epsilon are both positive values; then, a stress-strain curve is redrawn in a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system or an lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system;
3) calibrating the part of the linear section according to the shape characteristics of the stress-strain curve redrawn in the step 2), and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained from subintervals with the regression coefficient R being more than or equal to 0.99, wherein the regression equation is represented by the following formula:
σ1＝A+Blgε (1)
lgσ2＝A1+B1lgε (2)
in the formula, σ1Is a stress value; lg sigma2Is the logarithm of the stress value; A. b, A1、B1Is a regression coefficient;
selecting a formula (1) if the subinterval is selected under a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system, and selecting a formula (2) if the subinterval is selected under a lg sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system;
4) calculating a stress value sigma by using the strain epsilon in the step 2) as an independent variable and adopting the formula (1) or the formula (2) in the step 3)1Or logarithm of stress value lg σ2Comparing the calculated stress value or logarithm of the stress value with the stress sigma or lg sigma in the step 2), and obtaining the following formula:
ξ1＝σ1-σ (3)
ξ2＝lgσ2-lgσ (4)
in the formula, xi1Is the characteristic stress difference xi under the semilogarithmic coordinate system of sigma-lg epsilon2The increment caused by the characteristic stress difference under the lg sigma-lg epsilon double logarithmic coordinate system;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system, the xi is calculated by selecting the formula (3)1And drawing xi under a rectangular coordinate system1-an epsilon curve; if the subinterval is selected under lg sigma-lg epsilon double logarithmic coordinate system, the xi is calculated by selecting formula (4)2And drawing xi under a rectangular coordinate system2-an epsilon curve;
5) for xi obtained in step 4)1Epsilon curve or xi2-analysis of the epsilon curve to find that the curve has a value of zero in the selected strain subinterval; when the strain exceeds the selected strain sub-interval, the calculated value is larger than the experimental value along with the increase of the strain to a certain value, and the value is the critical strain value of the material for dynamic recrystallization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
based on the processes of work hardening, recovery softening, dynamic recrystallization softening and the like of the material in the deformation process, the stress value reduction effect of the dynamic recrystallization is highlighted through a logarithmic coordinate system, the difference between a characteristic calculated value and an actual value related to the stress is found through curve fitting, the critical condition of the dynamic recrystallization is determined quickly and accurately, and a foundation is laid for researching the dynamic recrystallization process of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain curve of the experimental steel in the deformation process at 1000 ℃ in the rectangular coordinate system in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a stress-strain curve of the experimental steel in example 1 under a semi-logarithmic sigma-lg ε coordinate system during deformation at 1000 ℃.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the calculated values of the strain curve of the experimental steel at 1000 ℃ in example 1 with the experimental values.
In fig. 3, 1 is a calculated value of the stress-strain curve, and 2 is an experimental value of the stress-strain curve.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the determination of the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization of the experimental steel at 1000 ℃ deformation in example 1.
In fig. 4, 1 is a critical point, 2 is a stress increment, and 3 is a straight line where the stress increment is zero.
FIG. 5 is a stress-strain curve of the experimental steel in the deformation process at 950 ℃ in the rectangular coordinate system of example 2.
FIG. 6 is a stress-strain curve of the experimental steel in example 2 under the log-log bi-system lg σ -lg ε deformation at 950 ℃.
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the calculated values of the deformation stress strain curve at 950 ℃ of the experimental steel in example 2 with the experimental values.
In fig. 7, 1 is a calculated value of the stress-strain curve, and 2 is an experimental value of the stress-strain curve.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the determination of the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization of the experimental steel deformed at 950 ℃ in example 2.
In fig. 8, 1 is a critical point, 2 is a stress increment, and 3 is a straight line where the stress increment is zero.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material, which comprises the following steps:
1) performing a single-pass compression experiment on the experimental material through a thermal simulation experiment to obtain a stress-strain curve of the experimental material in a deformation process; smoothing the obtained stress-strain curve, and removing the influence of noise on an experimental curve;
2) taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1), namely, the stress sigma and the strain epsilon are both positive values; then, a stress-strain curve is redrawn in a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system or an lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system;
3) calibrating the part of the linear section according to the shape characteristics of the stress-strain curve redrawn in the step 2), and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained from subintervals with the regression coefficient R being more than or equal to 0.99, wherein the regression equation is represented by the following formula:
σ1＝A+Blgε (1)
loσ2＝A1+B1lgε (2)
in the formula, σ1Is a stress value; lo σ2Is the logarithm of the stress value; A. b, A1、B1Is a regression coefficient;
selecting a formula (1) if the subinterval is selected under a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system, and selecting a formula (2) if the subinterval is selected under a lg sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system;
4) calculating a stress value sigma by using the strain epsilon in the step 2) as an independent variable and adopting the formula (1) or the formula (2) in the step 3)1Or logarithm of stress value lg σ2Comparing the calculated stress value or logarithm of the stress value with the stress sigma or lg sigma in the step 2), and obtaining the following formula:
ξ1＝σ1-σ (3)
ξ2＝lgσ2-lgσ (4)
in the formula, xi1Is the characteristic stress difference xi under the semilogarithmic coordinate system of sigma-lg epsilon2Is at lIncrement due to characteristic stress difference under a g sigma-lg epsilon dual-logarithmic coordinate system;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system, the xi is calculated by selecting the formula (3)1And drawing xi under a rectangular coordinate system1-an epsilon curve; if the subinterval is selected under lg sigma-lg epsilon double logarithmic coordinate system, the xi is calculated by selecting formula (4)2And drawing xi under a rectangular coordinate system2-an epsilon curve;
5) for xi obtained in step 4)1Epsilon curve or xi2-analysis of the epsilon curve to find that the curve has a value of zero in the selected strain subinterval; when the strain exceeds the selected strain sub-interval, the calculated value is larger than the experimental value along with the increase of the strain to a certain value, and the value is the critical strain value of the material for dynamic recrystallization.
In the invention, xi obtained in the step 4)1Epsilon curve or xi2Analysis of the epsilon curve reveals that the curve has a value of zero in the selected strain sub-interval, since in this interval the calculated value obtained from equation (3) or equation (4) is highly consistent with the experimental value and therefore the difference is zero. When the strain exceeds the selected strain sub-interval, the calculated value will be greater than the experimental value as the strain increases to a certain value. This is because the material undergoes the processes of work hardening and recovery softening, dynamic recrystallization softening and the like during the deformation process, and the processes of work hardening and recovery softening occur in the initial stage, the stress increases rapidly with the increase of the strain, but the increase gradually decreases, and the change rule of the stress along with the strain is necessarily changed when the dynamic recrystallization occurs, so that the original change rule is destroyed, and a sudden change occurs, which corresponds to the strain value when the calculated value and the experimental value begin to deviate, so that the critical strain for the dynamic recrystallization can be determined.
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
[ example 1 ]
In this example, the process of determining the critical condition for dynamic recrystallization of the material is as follows:
1. the sample material is alloy steel containing nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy elements, and the sample size is
Carrying out single-pass compression experiment on the sample by a thermal simulation testing machine, heating the sample to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 minutes at the temperature, then cooling to 1000 ℃ of deformation temperature, and carrying out strain rate of 0.1s at the temperature-1Performing compression deformation to obtain a stress-strain curve in the deformation process of the sample, smoothing the curve, and removing the influence of noise on the curve in the experiment, as shown in fig. 1;
2. taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1, namely changing the corresponding numerical values into positive values, and then redrawing the stress-strain curve in a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system, as shown in figure 2;
3. in fig. 2, between linear segment sections, subintervals (0.056, 0.180) are selected for linear regression, and the obtained regression coefficient R is 0.9996, and the regression equation is:
σ1＝147.228+52.544lgε (5)
4. calculating a stress value sigma by adopting a formula (5) according to the strain independent variable in the step 21Comparing the calculated stress value with the experimental value, and drawing a curve corresponding to the experimental value and the calculated value in the same coordinate system, as shown in fig. 3;
5. the stress values of the ordinate of the curve in the figure 3 are subtracted to obtain xi1-epsilon curve, which is known to have a value of zero in the selected strain subinterval, and xi is plotted in the coordinate system1When the strain is equal to 0 straight line, the straight line xi is in the selected strain subinterval 10 and xi curve1The two curves begin to deviate when the two curves overlap, the point of starting deviation is determined as the critical point of dynamic recrystallization of the sample, and the strain at this time is determined as the dynamic recrystallization of the sampleThe critical strain of the crystal is shown in fig. 4.
[ example 2 ]
In this example, the process of determining the critical condition for dynamic recrystallization of the material is as follows:
1. the sample material is low-carbon microalloyed steel with the sample size of
Carrying out single-pass compression experiment on the sample by a thermal simulation testing machine, heating the sample to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3 minutes at the temperature, then cooling to the deformation temperature of 950 ℃, and carrying out strain rate of 0.1s at the temperature-1Performing compression deformation to obtain a stress-strain curve in the deformation process of the sample, smoothing the curve, and removing the influence of noise on the curve in the experiment, as shown in fig. 5;
2. taking absolute values of the stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1, namely changing the corresponding values into positive values, and then redrawing the stress-strain curve in an lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system, as shown in FIG. 6;
3. in fig. 6, between linear segment sections, subintervals (0.030, 0.110) are selected and linear regression is performed, and the obtained regression coefficient R is 0.9993, and the regression equation is:
lgσ2＝2.12244+0.1252lgε (6)
4. calculating a stress value sigma by adopting a formula (6) according to the strain independent variable in the step 22Comparing the calculated stress value with the experimental value, and plotting a curve corresponding to the experimental value and the calculated value in the same coordinate system, as shown in fig. 7;
5. the stress values of the ordinate of the curve in the figure 7 are subtracted to obtain xi2-epsilon curve, which is known to have a value of zero in the selected strain subinterval, and xi is plotted in the coordinate system2When the strain is equal to 0 straight line, the straight line xi is in the selected strain subinterval 20 and xi curve2The two curves begin to deviate when the two curves coincide, with a further increase in strain, the point of initial deviation being defined as the critical point for dynamic recrystallization, and the strain at this point being defined as the point at which dynamic recrystallization occursThe critical strain of the crystal is shown in FIG. 8.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material, comprising the steps of:
1) performing a single-pass compression experiment on the experimental material through a thermal simulation experiment to obtain a stress-strain curve of the experimental material in a deformation process; smoothing the obtained stress-strain curve, and removing the influence of noise on an experimental curve;
2) taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1), namely, the stress sigma and the strain epsilon are both positive values; then, a stress-strain curve is redrawn in a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system or an lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system;
3) calibrating the part of the linear section according to the shape characteristics of the stress-strain curve redrawn in the step 2), and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained from subintervals with the regression coefficient R being more than or equal to 0.99, wherein the regression equation is represented by the following formula:
σ1＝A+Blgε (1)
lgσ2＝A1+B1lgε (2)
in the formula, σ1Is a stress value; lg sigma2Is the logarithm of the stress value; A. b, A1、B1Is a regression coefficient;
selecting a formula (1) if the subinterval is selected under a sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system, and selecting a formula (2) if the subinterval is selected under a lg sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system;
4) calculating a stress value sigma by using the strain epsilon in the step 2) as an independent variable and adopting the formula (1) or the formula (2) in the step 3)1Or logarithm of stress value lg σ2Comparing the calculated stress value or logarithm of the stress value with the stress sigma or lg sigma in the step 2), and obtaining the following formula:
ξ1＝σ1-σ (3)
ξ2＝lgσ2-lgσ (4)
in the formula, xi1Is the characteristic stress difference xi under the semilogarithmic coordinate system of sigma-lg epsilon2The increment caused by the characteristic stress difference under the lg sigma-lg epsilon double logarithmic coordinate system;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lg epsilon semilogarithmic coordinate system, the xi is calculated by selecting the formula (3)1And drawing xi under a rectangular coordinate system1-an epsilon curve; if the subinterval is selected under lg sigma-lg epsilon double logarithmic coordinate system, the xi is calculated by selecting formula (4)2And drawing xi under a rectangular coordinate system2-an epsilon curve;
5) for xi obtained in step 4)1Epsilon curve or xi2-analysis of the epsilon curve to find that the curve has a value of zero in the selected strain subinterval; when the strain exceeds the selected strain sub-interval, the calculated value is larger than the experimental value along with the increase of the strain to a certain value, and the value is the critical strain value of the material for dynamic recrystallization.
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| CN102519801A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for establishing aluminium alloy dynamic recrystallization model by using true stress-true strain curve |
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| CN110702727A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for measuring static recrystallization volume fraction of material |
| CN110849801A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-28 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for determining critical stress of metal low-speed deformation recrystallization |
| CN111933221A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-13 | 东北大学 | Method for predicting dynamic recrystallization fraction of Nb microalloyed steel |
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Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102519801A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for establishing aluminium alloy dynamic recrystallization model by using true stress-true strain curve |
| WO2014150342A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Cast component having corner radius to reduce recrystallization |
| CN109255175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-22 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of recrystallization control method based on critical recrystallization residual stress |
| CN109444039A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-08 | 首钢集团有限公司 | The method for predicting that dynamic recrystallization critical reduction occurs when controlled hot rolling of micro-alloyed steel |
| CN110702727A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for measuring static recrystallization volume fraction of material |
| CN110849801A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-28 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for determining critical stress of metal low-speed deformation recrystallization |
| CN111933221A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-13 | 东北大学 | Method for predicting dynamic recrystallization fraction of Nb microalloyed steel |
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