CN113702408B - X-ray detection method for variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material - Google Patents
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/18—Investigating the presence of flaws defects or foreign matter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting X-rays of a variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps: providing a detection test block, determining an optimal transillumination parameter, calculating an effective transillumination thickness range of X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameter, selecting a to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material in the thickness range, and detecting the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material by adopting the X-ray parameter of the optimal transillumination parameter. Not only reducing the X-ray transillumination test times and the transillumination times of parts, improving the efficiency and reducing the energy consumption; and the influence of thickness variation of the SiC fiber composite material part on the X-ray detection effect is considered, so that the risk of missing detection of the micro defects is avoided, the reliability of X-ray detection is further improved, and the X-ray detection method is more suitable for X-ray detection of the SiC fiber composite material part with variable thickness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nondestructive testing, in particular to an X-ray detection method for a variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material.
Background
In the manufacturing process of SiC fiber reinforced composite parts, 100% nondestructive testing is required to ensure quality. The X-ray is an important detection method for detecting the SiC fiber reinforced composite material parts at present, in order to obtain an ideal X-ray transillumination effect and realize reliable nondestructive detection of the SiC fiber reinforced composite material parts, proper X-ray transillumination parameters are required to be selected to obtain an X-ray gray level image which effectively reflects the defects inside the detected object, gray levels in the X-ray image are usually represented by gray level values, and the defects are judged according to the gray level values. And the gray value distribution of the X-ray gray image is directly related to the selection of the X-ray transillumination parameters. At other times, the selection of X-ray transillumination parameters is directly related to the thickness of the illuminated area of the SiC fiber reinforced composite component being inspected. Therefore, the gray value distribution of the X-ray gray image is related to the thickness of the illuminated area of the SiC fiber reinforced composite part being inspected.
The following methods are generally used in the prior art for X-ray detection of SiC fiber reinforced composites:
1) According to the thickness of the irradiation area of the detected SiC fiber reinforced composite material part, the X-ray transillumination parameters are determined through an X-ray transillumination test, and the main defects are that: multiple X-ray transillumination tests are needed, so that the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is increased, and the detection cost is increased;
2) For the variable-thickness SiC fiber reinforced composite material part, the same X-ray transillumination parameter is adopted for detection, and the main defects are that: the influence of thickness variation of the SiC fiber reinforced composite material part on the X-ray detection effect is not considered, and the risk of missing detection of the fine defect exists, so that the reliability of X-ray detection is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an X-ray detection method for a variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting X-rays of a variable thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, comprising: obtaining the thickness range of the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material to be detected;
providing a plurality of detection test blocks according to the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, wherein the interiors of the detection test blocks are provided with preset defects, and the thickness range of the detection test blocks covers the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material;
detecting a plurality of detection test blocks by using X rays with different transillumination parameters, and respectively obtaining X-ray gray level distribution diagrams of the detection test blocks under the different transillumination parameters;
determining an optimal transillumination parameter according to gray values of a defective area and a non-defective area in an X-ray gray level distribution diagram of a plurality of detection test blocks under different transillumination parameters, and calculating an effective transillumination thickness range of X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameter;
and selecting the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material to be detected within the thickness range according to the effective transillumination thickness range, and detecting the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material by adopting the X-rays with the optimal transillumination parameters.
Optionally, determining the optimal transillumination parameter according to the gray values of the defective area and the non-defective area in the X-ray gray level distribution map of the plurality of detection test blocks under different transillumination parameters includes:
and respectively calculating absolute values of differences between gray values of a defective area and a non-defective area in the X-ray gray distribution diagram of the plurality of detection test blocks under different transillumination parameters, and selecting a group of corresponding transillumination parameters with the largest absolute values of differences between the gray values of the defective area and the non-defective area as the optimal transillumination parameters.
Optionally, the gray values of the defective area and the non-defective area are averaged.
Optionally, calculating gray values of the X-ray gray distribution graphs of the plurality of detection test blocks corresponding to the optimal transillumination parameter, and constructing a thickness gray function according to the thicknesses of the plurality of detection test blocks and the gray values of the X-ray gray distribution graphs corresponding to the thickness gray function, wherein the thickness gray function is h i ＝G(G i )
Calculating the effective transillumination thickness range of the X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameters according to the thickness gray function;
wherein h is i G is the thickness of the detection test block i Is of thickness h i The gray value of the X-ray gray distribution map of the test block is detected.
Optionally, calculating an effective transillumination thickness range of the X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameters according to the thickness gray function includes:
a minimum effective transillumination thickness of h min ＝G(G Rmax ×k 1 ％)；
The maximum effective transillumination thickness is h max ＝G(G Rmin ×k 2 ％)；
Wherein G is Rmax 、G Rmin Maximum gray value and minimum gray value, k, respectively, of X-rays for imaging 1 、k 2 Are all constant.
Optionally, the number of the detection test blocks is at least 5.
Optionally, at least 3 sets of different transillumination parameters of X-rays are used to detect a plurality of said detection blocks.
Optionally, k1 and k2 are between 0.05 and 0.2.
Optionally, the thickness-variable silicon carbide fiber composite material to be detected is detected by adopting an X-ray radiography method or a digital X-ray imaging method.
According to the technical scheme, the detection test blocks with a plurality of thicknesses covering the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material are utilized to carry out X-ray detection, so that the optimal transillumination parameter can be determined based on the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, then the effective transillumination thickness range of the X-ray of the optimal transillumination parameter is determined according to the constructed thickness gray function, thereby detecting the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material in the range, reducing the X-ray transillumination test times and transillumination times of parts, improving the efficiency and reducing the energy consumption; the other party also considers the influence of the thickness change of the SiC fiber composite material part on the X-ray detection effect, avoids the risk of missing detection of the micro defects, is further beneficial to improving the reliability of X-ray detection, and is more suitable for X-ray detection of the SiC fiber composite material part with variable thickness.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the results shown in the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of one embodiment of a method for detecting a variable thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing gray scale values under optimal transillumination parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and other materials may also use the real-time multi-frequency ultrasonic detection of the patent of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture changes more, the directional indications correspondingly change more.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for detecting a variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S100: obtaining the thickness range of the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material to be detected;
step S200: providing a plurality of detection test blocks according to the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, wherein the interiors of the detection test blocks are provided with preset defects, and the thickness range of the detection test blocks covers the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material;
step S300: detecting a plurality of detection test blocks by using X rays with different transillumination parameters, and respectively obtaining X-ray gray level distribution diagrams of the detection test blocks under the different transillumination parameters;
step S400: determining an optimal transillumination parameter according to gray values of a defective area and a non-defective area in an X-ray gray level distribution diagram of a plurality of detection test blocks under different transillumination parameters, and calculating an effective transillumination thickness range of X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameter;
step S500: and selecting the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material to be detected within the thickness range according to the effective transillumination thickness range, and detecting the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material by adopting the X-rays with the optimal transillumination parameters.
Specifically, in step S100, firstly, the thickness variation range of the silicon carbide fiber composite component to be detected needs to be obtained, so that the previous experience data and design drawing can be used as input, and the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the component can be manually measured.
Then in step S200, according to the thickness variation range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material component obtained in the previous step, a plurality of detection test blocks are provided, the thickness of each detection test block is identical, the thickness range of each detection test block needs to meet the requirement, the thickness range of each detection test block covers the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material component, and each detection test block is internally provided with a defect area.
Preferably, at least 5 test blocks of different thickness are provided.
Then, in step 300, the test block provided in step 200 is subjected to transillumination detection using X-rays of different transillumination parameters, and a set of X-ray transillumination gray scale profiles can be obtained after the transillumination detection of each of the X-rays of the transillumination parameters.
Preferably, at least three X-ray transillumination parameters are selected for detection, so that at least three groups of X-ray transillumination gray level distribution maps can be obtained, and each group of X-ray transillumination gray level distribution maps also at least comprises X-ray transillumination gray level distribution maps corresponding to five detection test blocks with different thicknesses.
In step S400, optimal transillumination parameters are determined according to the plurality of sets of X-ray transillumination gray level profiles acquired in step S300.
Taking the example of providing five detection test blocks in the step S200 and selecting three different transillumination parameters in the step S300, then in the step S300, three sets of X-ray gray-scale distribution diagrams with different parameters can be obtained, each set of X-ray gray-scale distribution diagrams corresponding to five different thickness detection test blocks, first, the corresponding gray values of the defect area and the non-defect area in each set of X-ray gray-scale distribution diagrams are calculated, here, the average gray value of the defect area can be taken as the gray value of the defect area, the average gray value of the non-defect area can be taken as the gray value of the non-defect area, then the absolute value of the difference between the gray values of the defect area and the gray value of the non-defect area in all five sets is calculated, and then the transillumination parameter corresponding to the largest absolute value set is the optimal transillumination parameter.
After the optimal transillumination parameters are determined, calculating the effective transillumination thickness range of the X-rays of the optimal transillumination parameters, firstly selecting a group of X-ray gray level distribution diagrams corresponding to the optimal transillumination parameters, including the X-ray gray level distribution diagrams of detection test blocks with different species thicknesses, wherein the thickness of the detection test block is h i Can be obtained in advance, and respectively calculate the corresponding gray value G according to the X-ray gray distribution diagram corresponding to each thickness i， Thus five thicknesses h can be obtained i Five corresponding gray values G i And constructs a thickness gray function h according to five groups of data i ＝G(G i )；
Then according to h min ＝G(G Rmax ×k 1 % of) and h max ＝G(G Rmin ×k 2 Respectively calculating the maximum effective transillumination thickness h of X-rays under the transillumination parameters max And a minimum effective transillumination thickness h min Wherein G is Rmax 、G Rmin Maximum gray value and minimum gray value, k, respectively, of X-rays for imaging 1 、k 2 Are all constant, k 1 、k 2 It is determined by the test and actual X-ray imaging detection effect and is preferably selected between 0.05 and 0.20.
Obtain the maximum effective transillumination thickness h of X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameters max And a minimum effective transillumination thickness h min Then, step S500 is performed, and the parts located in the thickness range are detected by using the optimal transillumination parameters according to the effective transillumination thickness range.
Preferably, radiography or radiography (DR) is used for detecting parts located in the thickness range.
According to the technical scheme, the detection test blocks with a plurality of thicknesses covering the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material are utilized to carry out X-ray detection, so that the optimal transillumination parameter can be determined based on the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, then the effective transillumination thickness range of the X-ray of the optimal transillumination parameter is determined according to the constructed thickness gray function, thereby detecting the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material in the range, reducing the X-ray transillumination test times and transillumination times of parts, improving the efficiency and reducing the energy consumption; on the other hand, the influence of thickness variation of the SiC fiber composite material part on the X-ray detection effect is considered, the risk of missing detection of the micro defects is avoided, further the reliability of X-ray detection is improved, and the X-ray detection method is more suitable for X-ray detection of the SiC fiber composite material part with variable thickness.
Further details are provided below with reference to specific examples.
Selecting a radiation detection system with the model of FDR-160X, selecting 5 detection test blocks with different thicknesses according to the thickness range of a part to be detected, wherein the 5 detection test blocks have defects capable of being detected, and the minimum thickness d of the 5 detection test blocks min =1 mm, maximum thickness d max =5 mm; selecting three sets of X-rays of different transillumination parameters, and G Rmax ＝255，G Rmin ＝0，k 1 ＝0.05，k 2 ＝0.05；
After the optimal transillumination parameter is determined, correspondingly calculating X-ray gray-scale distribution graphs corresponding to 5 thicknesses under the transillumination parameter, and respectively calculating corresponding gray-scale values G i， Thus five thicknesses h can be obtained i Five corresponding gray values G i And a gray value graph may be plotted as shown in fig. 2.
After a gray value graph is drawn, the maximum effective transillumination thickness h of X-rays under the transillumination parameters is calculated respectively max And a minimum effective transillumination thickness h min As shown in FIG. 2, then the selection of h is possible max To h min Is inspected.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, the equivalent structures disclosed in the present specification and the accompanying drawings are modified or directly/indirectly utilized in other related technical fields under the inventive concept of the present invention, which are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An X-ray detection method for a variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining the thickness range of the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material to be detected;
providing a plurality of detection test blocks according to the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material, wherein the interiors of the detection test blocks are provided with preset defects, and the thickness range of the detection test blocks covers the thickness range of the to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material;
detecting a plurality of detection test blocks by using X rays with different transillumination parameters, and respectively obtaining X-ray gray level distribution diagrams of the detection test blocks under the different transillumination parameters;
determining an optimal transillumination parameter according to gray values of a defective area and a non-defective area in an X-ray gray level distribution diagram of a plurality of detection test blocks under different transillumination parameters, and calculating an effective transillumination thickness range of X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameter;
selecting a to-be-detected variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material in the thickness range according to the effective transillumination thickness range, and detecting the variable-thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material by adopting the X-rays with the optimal transillumination parameters;
determining the optimal transillumination parameters according to the gray values of the defect area and the non-defect area in the X-ray gray level distribution diagram of the plurality of detection test blocks under different transillumination parameters comprises the following steps:
respectively calculating absolute values of differences between gray values of a defective area and a non-defective area in an X-ray gray distribution diagram of a plurality of detection test blocks under different transillumination parameters, and selecting a group of corresponding transillumination parameters with the largest absolute values of differences between the gray values of the defective area and the non-defective area as the optimal transillumination parameters; the gray values of the defect area and the non-defect area are averaged;
calculating the gray value of each X-ray gray distribution map of the plurality of detection test blocks corresponding to the optimal transillumination parameter, and constructing a thickness gray function according to the respective thickness of the plurality of detection test blocks and the gray value of the corresponding X-ray gray distribution map, wherein the thickness gray function is h i ＝G(G i )；
Calculating the effective transillumination thickness range of the X-rays under the optimal transillumination parameters according to the thickness gray function;
wherein h is i G is the thickness of the detection test block i Is of thickness h i Detecting the gray value of an X-ray gray distribution map of the test block;
calculating an effective transillumination thickness range of the X-rays at the optimal transillumination parameters according to the thickness gray function comprises:
a minimum effective transillumination thickness of h min ＝G(G Rmax ×k 1 ％)；
The maximum effective transillumination thickness is h max ＝G(G Rmin ×k 2 ％)；
Wherein G is Rmax 、G Rmin Maximum gray value and minimum gray value, k, respectively, of X-rays for imaging 1 、k 2 Are all constants;
the k is 1 =0.05，k 2 =0.05。
2. The method for X-ray inspection of a variable thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein the number of said inspection pieces is at least 5.
3. The method for X-ray inspection of a variable thickness silicon carbide fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein at least 3 sets of X-rays of different transillumination parameters are used to inspect a plurality of said inspection coupons.
4. A method for X-ray inspection of a variable thickness silicon carbide fiber composite according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the variable thickness silicon carbide fiber composite to be inspected is inspected using an X-ray radiography or digital X-ray imaging method.
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