CN113702387B - Crop disease detection device and method based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment - Google Patents
Crop disease detection device and method based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113702387B CN113702387B CN202110966093.3A CN202110966093A CN113702387B CN 113702387 B CN113702387 B CN 113702387B CN 202110966093 A CN202110966093 A CN 202110966093A CN 113702387 B CN113702387 B CN 113702387B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop disease detection device and a method based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment, wherein a lamp plate, an air funnel, an enrichment module, an adsorption module and a power supply module are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, an electric telescopic rod drives the lamp plate to move up and down, the lamp plate is provided with a rain shielding cover, a rain shielding barrel and a supporting plate from top to bottom, the center of the bottom surface of the rain shielding barrel is fixedly connected with a third fixing column, the middle of the upper section of the third fixing column is provided with a square hole, the middle of the lower section of the third fixing column is provided with a third fixing column round hole penetrating through the supporting plate, a copper sheet is placed in the square hole, the center of the copper sheet is provided with a micropore, and a patch light-emitting diode is arranged right above the micropore; a clamping groove, a communication chip, a micro control chip and a CMOS chip are arranged in the enrichment cylinder, an Internet of things card is placed in the clamping groove, a slide fixing groove is formed in the top surface of the diffraction imaging table, and an axial flow fan is arranged in the middle of the interior of the adsorption cylinder; when the electric telescopic rod is contracted, a darkroom environment is constructed, the micro-control chip is used as a core, and the whole process of spore enrichment, identification and analysis can be automatically realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent agriculture and bioscience, and relates to a crop disease detection device and method based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment, which are used for detecting early diseases of crops.
Background
Crop fungal diseases become important factors threatening food safety due to the characteristics of high propagation speed, wide propagation range and large harm, and the crop fungal diseases not only can cause the yield reduction of food, but also can cause mycotoxin pollution. At present, common crop disease detection methods include unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, near infrared spectroscopy and spore detection methods. The remote sensing of the unmanned aerial vehicle can only respond when the rice diseases reach a certain scale, and the hysteresis is large. The equipment required for near infrared spectroscopy is expensive and not suitable for large-scale application. The spore detection method can acquire disease early outbreak information in a disease transmission way, and can realize the enrichment of disease spores only by a simple structure.
At present, disease spore detection mainly depends on a microscopic image identification method, a spore capture instrument and microscopic imaging equipment are combined, spore enrichment and detection can be realized to a certain extent, for example, a fungal spore microscopic image remote acquisition device provided in the document with the Chinese patent application number of 201821739143.4, the microscopic imaging equipment of the acquisition device depends on traditional optics, the field of view is small, and the detection requirement of low spore concentration at the early stage of diseases is difficult to meet; in addition, because the diseased spore volume is in a micron-scale, the optical microscopic magnification is required to be more than 100 times, which puts requirements on a lens group, and the manufactured microscopic imaging equipment has large volume and high price and is difficult to meet the requirement of large-area spot distribution for monitoring crop diseases. Therefore, an effective method for online detection of early diseases of crops is still lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large hysteresis, complex operation, low integration degree and lack of on-line detection function for early diseases of crops in the prior crop disease detection, provides a crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment and a detection method thereof, integrates enrichment, identification and analysis of disease spores, remotely checks and analyzes the conditions of the diseases of the crops in real time by using an internet of things technology, has simple structure, low cost, good portability, high automation degree and convenient large-scale arrangement, and effectively realizes the early disease detection of the crops.
The technical scheme adopted by the crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment is as follows: the device comprises a lamp plate, an air funnel, an enrichment module, an adsorption module and a power module which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the air funnel, the enrichment module, the adsorption module and the power module are sequentially and fixedly connected; the rain shielding cylinder is internally provided with a light-emitting diode circuit board, a patch light-emitting diode, a third fixing column and a copper sheet, the center of the bottom surface of the rain shielding cylinder is fixedly connected with the third fixing column, the middle of the upper section of the third fixing column is provided with a square hole, the middle of the lower section of the third fixing column is provided with a third fixing column round hole penetrating through the supporting plate, the square hole is internally provided with the copper sheet, the center of the copper sheet is provided with a micropore positioned right above the third fixing column round hole, the patch light-emitting diode is arranged right above the micropore, and the patch light-emitting diode is fixedly welded at the center of the lower surface of the light-emitting diode circuit board; the air funnel is integrally in a conical shape with a large upper part and a small lower part and is arranged right below the third fixing column round hole; the enrichment module is externally provided with an enrichment cylinder, the bottom inside the enrichment cylinder is fixedly connected with an enrichment support plate, the center of the upper surface of the enrichment support plate is fixedly connected with a diffraction imaging table, the inner bottom surface of the diffraction imaging table is fixedly connected with a diffraction imaging circuit board, the diffraction imaging circuit board is provided with a clamping groove, a communication chip, a micro control chip and a CMOS chip, the CMOS chip is arranged in the center of the diffraction imaging circuit board, and an Internet of things card is placed in the clamping groove; a slide fixing groove for placing a slide is formed in the top surface of the diffraction imaging platform, and the slide is positioned right above the CMOS chip and right below the air funnel; the adsorption module is characterized in that an adsorption cylinder is arranged outside the adsorption module, a horizontally arranged adsorption support plate is fixedly connected in the middle of the inside of the adsorption cylinder, an air flow hole which is communicated up and down is formed in the center of the adsorption support plate, and an axial flow fan is arranged right below the center of the air flow hole; a power supply cylinder is arranged outside the power supply module, and a temperature and humidity sensor, a battery and a motor driving plate are arranged inside the power supply cylinder; the micro control chip is connected with the Internet of things card, the CMOS chip, the motor drive board, the light emitting diode circuit board, the motor drive board and the temperature and humidity sensor through circuit connecting wires, the Internet of things card is interconnected with the cloud server through the communication chip, and the output end of the motor drive board is connected with the electric telescopic rod and the axial flow fan respectively.
The technical scheme adopted by the detection method of the crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment comprises the following steps:
step 1): pushing the glass slide into a slide fixing groove for fixing, collecting environmental temperature and humidity information by a temperature and humidity sensor and transmitting the environmental temperature and humidity information to a micro control chip, judging whether environmental temperature and humidity numerical values meet set temperature and humidity conditions for disease outbreak early warning by the micro control chip, if the environmental temperature and humidity numerical values do not meet the set conditions, closing the temperature and humidity sensor, starting the temperature and humidity sensor after set time for next temperature and humidity collection, and if the environmental temperature and humidity numerical values meet the set conditions, closing the temperature and humidity sensor;
step 2): the micro control chip controls the electric telescopic rod to extend through the motor drive board, and the lamp panel stops after rising to a set height; starting an axial flow fan to rotate, enriching diseased spores in the air on a glass slide, and closing the axial flow fan when the set diseased spores enrichment time is reached;
step 3): the micro control chip controls the electric telescopic rod to shrink through the motor driving board, the lamp panel descends to be in contact with the air funnel, the surface mounted light emitting diode is started, the CMOS chip is controlled to collect diffraction images of disease spores on the glass, the diffraction images are transmitted to the micro control chip, and the collected diffraction images are transmitted to the cloud server through the Internet of things card and the communication chip;
step 4): and the cloud server analyzes and identifies the picture to determine different disease grades.
Compared with the prior method and technology, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The enrichment module, the diffraction module and the adsorption module are combined into a whole from top to bottom, the whole body is of a cylindrical structure, the size of the detection device is greatly reduced, and the detection device is convenient to carry and use. Through carrying out reasonable layout to each part in the device, shortened the required distance of air flow in the device, improved the enrichment efficiency of disease spore.
(2) According to the invention, through analysis and simulation of the flow field in the detection device, the positions of all electronic components are ingeniously arranged, more air can be extracted under the condition of certain power of the axial flow fan, the conversion efficiency between electric energy and mechanical energy is improved, and the energy is effectively utilized.
(3) According to the invention, the air funnel is adopted as an enrichment structure according to the fluid mechanics principle, more disease spores can be enriched under the condition of certain power of the axial flow fan, and the enrichment efficiency of the disease spores is improved.
(4) The invention adopts the 3D printing technology to process and manufacture the shell, adopts the micro-processing and micro-mechanical technology to manufacture the printed circuit board, has simple flow, high integration level and low cost, and is convenient for large-scale production.
(5) The invention takes the micro-control chip as the core, and can automatically realize the whole process of spore enrichment, identification and analysis by reasonably controlling the working time sequence of each module by compiling related software programs.
(6) The invention reasonably selects the parameters of the components, so that the circuit power is stable and the response speed is high. And a control algorithm is reasonably selected, so that the temperature fluctuation of the fan is small during working, and the working state of the detection device is easy to keep stable.
(7) The invention can realize the communication between the detection device and the cloud server, does not need additional gateway equipment during arrangement, and can increase and decrease the nodes at will without being limited by the number of the nodes during networking.
(8) The invention can check the running state and the management running mode of the detection device by using corresponding client software without operating on site, can send out an alarm when a disease outbreak occurs, and has good man-machine interaction.
(9) The invention adopts the principle of lens-free imaging to obtain the diffraction image, does not need to process and manufacture the lens, reduces the cost, simplifies the structure and improves the stability and the practicability of the detection device.
(10) The invention uses diffraction optics to replace traditional optics, thereby not only increasing the field area, but also reducing the detection limit, and meeting the low-concentration spore detection requirement at the early stage of disease outbreak.
(11) The invention is provided with the lamp panel, can automatically lift according to the surrounding environment, and can reduce the influence of dust and rainfall on the detection result to the greatest extent.
(12) The invention makes the detection device carry out spore enrichment and diffraction detection which are mutually independent through ingenious layout. When the electric telescopic rod extends, disease spore enrichment can be carried out, and when the electric telescopic rod contracts, a darkroom environment is constructed, and disease spore diffraction image collection can be carried out. The mutual influence of the two processes is effectively avoided, and the reliability of the detection result is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the lamp panel 8 of fig. 1 with the rain cover 1 removed;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 3 with the support plate 21 removed;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged bottom isometric view of the LED circuit board 22 and the chip LEDs 17 of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure of the air funnel 9 in fig. 2;
fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the enrichment module 11 in fig. 2;
fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the adsorption module 12 in fig. 2;
fig. 9 is an exploded and enlarged view of the power module 15 in fig. 2;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the circuit connections of FIG. 2;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a crop disease detection method of the present invention.
The serial numbers and names of the various components in the drawings: 1: a rain cover; 2: a rain shielding cylinder; 3: a first screw hole; 4: an electric telescopic rod; 5: a telescopic rod fixing cylinder; 6: a second screw hole; 7: a telescopic rod fixing groove; 8: a lamp panel; 9: an air funnel; 10: adsorbing the support plate; 11: an enrichment module; 12: an adsorption module; 13: a power supply fixing cover; 14: a temperature and humidity sensor; 15: a power supply module; 16: a third screw hole; 17: a surface mount light emitting diode; 18: a copper sheet; 19: a first fixed column; 20: a third fixing column; 21: a support plate; 22: a light emitting diode circuit board; 23: a fourth screw hole; 24: a second fixed column; 25: an electric telescopic rod fixing groove; 26: an air funnel top plate; 27: an air funnel boss; 28: an upper opening; 29: a lower opening; 30: a groove is formed in the enrichment module; 31: enriching the supporting plate; 32: a fifth screw hole; 33: a communication chip; 34: a diffractive imaging circuit board; 35: an enrichment cylinder; 36: enriching a lower boss of the module; 37: glass slide; 38: a diffractive imaging stage; 39: a card slot; 40: a CMOS chip; 41: a micro control chip; 42: a slide fixing groove; 43: the adsorption module is provided with a groove; 44: a fixing plate; 45: an adsorption cylinder; 46: adsorbing a lower groove of the module; 47: a sixth screw hole; 48: an axial flow fan; 50: a first power supply circular aperture; 51: a battery; 52: a power module boss; 53: a power module cylinder; 54: a seventh screw hole; 55: an air flow aperture; 57: a first routing pipe; 58: a second routing conduit; 59: a motor drive plate; 60: a first wire guide hole; 61: a third fixing column circular hole; 62: a second wire guide; 63: a third wire guide; 64: a fourth wire guide; 65: a fifth wire guide; 66: a sixth wire guide; 67: a second power supply circular aperture.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment of the invention comprises five independent components, namely a lamp panel 8, an air funnel 9, an enrichment module 11, an adsorption module 12 and a power module 15, from top to bottom, wherein the outer walls of the five independent components are made of black nylon materials by 3D printing, so that the influence of ambient light on detection can be reduced to the greatest extent. Wherein, air funnel 9, enrichment module 11, absorption module 12 and power module 15 are fixed connection in proper order, set up electric telescopic handle 4 in lamp plate 8 side below, and electric telescopic handle 4 arranges perpendicularly from top to bottom and the upper end passes through 3 fixed connection in the edge of lamp plate 8 of first screw hole, can drive lamp plate 8 round trip movement from top to bottom. The first routing pipe 57 is arranged outside the five independent components, the second routing pipe 58 is arranged inside the five independent components, and the circuit connecting wires of the detection device are arranged in the first routing pipe 57 and the second routing pipe 58.
Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the lamp panel 8 is provided with a rain cover 1, a rain cover 2 and a support plate 21 from top to bottom, and the central axes of the three parts are collinear and are made of black nylon materials by 3D printing. The backup pad 21 is the disc, hides a rain section of thick bamboo 2 directly over the backup pad 21 in the middle of, and the appearance is cylindricly, and bottom surface fixed connection is on backup pad 21 upper surface down, hides 2 upper portions of a rain section of thick bamboo and is the opening, and the opening part is covered with hides canopy 1, and the external diameter of hiding canopy 1 slightly is greater than the external diameter that hides a rain section of thick bamboo 2, through hiding canopy 1 screw in and hiding a rain section of thick bamboo 2 realization assembly.
The interior of the rain shielding barrel 2 is provided with a light emitting diode circuit board 22, a patch light emitting diode 17, three fixing columns and a copper sheet 18. Rain-proof section of thick bamboo 2's bottom surface is gone up fixed connection first fixed column 19, second fixed column 24 and third fixed column 20, and third fixed column 20 wherein arranges in rain-proof section of thick bamboo 2's bottom surface center, and first fixed column 19 and second fixed column 24 are located the both sides of third fixed column 20 respectively, and for the central point symmetry of third fixed column 20, three fixed column word is arranged, all vertical arrangement. The middle of the upper sections of the first fixing column 19 and the second fixing column 24 is respectively provided with a screw hole for fixedly connecting the LED circuit board 22 above.
The whole third fixed column 20 is a cuboid, a square hole is formed in the middle of the upper section of the third fixed column 20, a third fixed column round hole 61 which is communicated up and down is formed in the middle of the lower section of the third fixed column 20, and the third fixed column round hole 61 is communicated with the supporting plate 21 below. A square copper sheet 18 is placed in the upper section square hole of the third fixed column 20, a micropore is formed in the center of the copper sheet 18, the micropore is located right above the third fixed column round hole 61 and has the same central axis as the third fixed column round hole 61, and the pore diameter of the micropore is far smaller than that of the third fixed column round hole 61. The lower surface of the copper sheet 18 is attached to the upper surface of the third fixing column round hole 61. Directly above the center micro-hole of the copper sheet 18 is the patch light emitting diode 17, see fig. 5, the patch light emitting diode 17 is fixedly welded at the center of the lower surface of the light emitting diode circuit board 22. The patch led 17 provides a light source and the emitted light is converted into partially coherent light through the pores of the copper sheet 18. The surface mount light emitting diode 17 is not in contact with the copper sheet 18, and a certain gap is reserved between the surface mount light emitting diode 17 and the copper sheet 18, so that the surface mount light emitting diode 17 can dissipate heat conveniently. The led circuit board 22 is a black printed circuit board, and is located at the upper portion inside the rain shielding barrel 2, and a third screw hole 16 and a fourth screw hole 23 are formed thereon for screwing screws to connect with screw holes on the first fixing column 19 and the second fixing column 24, respectively, so as to fix and assemble the led circuit board 22.
The edge of backup pad 21 is opened has an electric telescopic handle fixed slot 25 that link up backup pad 21, and electric telescopic handle 4 is from upwards passing this electric telescopic handle fixed slot 25 down, locates to open first screw hole 3 in electric telescopic handle fixed slot 25 side center for screw in screw fixed connection electric telescopic handle 4's upper end realizes electric telescopic handle 4 and lamp plate 8's assembly.
A first wire hole 60 is opened on the side wall of the rain shielding barrel 2 for passing through the circuit connection wire of the led circuit board 22 so as to control the working state of the patch led 17 thereon.
With reference to fig. 6, the air funnel 9 is integrally in a conical shape with a large top and a small bottom under the third fixing column circular hole 61, is made of a black nylon material by 3D printing, and is convenient to horizontally place and assemble. The upper end of the air funnel 9 is provided with an air funnel top plate 26, the center of the air funnel top plate 26 is provided with an upper opening 28, and the diameter of the upper opening 28 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the air funnel top plate 26. The bottom center of the air funnel 9 is provided with a lower opening 29, the diameter of the lower opening 29 is far smaller than that of the upper opening 28, and the opening between the upper opening 28 and the lower opening 29 is gradually reduced and penetrates through the whole air funnel 9 so as to collect disease spores in the air. The upper opening 28 and the lower opening 29 are right below the third fixed column circular hole 61, and have the same central axis as the third fixed column circular hole 61 and the micro hole. The periphery of the edge of the lower bottom surface of the air funnel top plate 26 is downwards protruded with a circle of air funnel bosses 27, the radial thickness of each air funnel boss 27 is half of that of the air funnel top plate 26, and the air funnel bosses 27 are used for being connected with an enrichment cylinder 35 below the air funnel bosses 27, so that the air funnel 9 and the enrichment cylinder 35 are assembled.
Referring to fig. 7, the exterior of the enrichment module 11 is an enrichment cylinder 35, and the enrichment support plate 31, the slide 37, the diffraction imaging stage 38 and the diffraction imaging circuit board 34 are disposed inside the enrichment cylinder 35. The periphery of the edge of the upper top surface of the enrichment cylinder 35 is provided with a circle of enrichment module upper grooves 30, the radial thickness of the enrichment module upper grooves 30 is half of the radial thickness (namely the wall thickness of the enrichment cylinder 35) of the enrichment cylinder 35, the size of the enrichment module upper grooves 30 is matched with that of the air funnel bosses 27 on the air funnel 9 above the enrichment module upper grooves 30, and the air funnel 9 and the enrichment module 11 can be assembled by screwing the air funnel bosses 27 into the enrichment module upper grooves 30.
The bottom of enrichment drum 35 is equipped with circular shape enrichment backup pad 31, and enrichment backup pad 31 and enrichment drum 35 are coaxial, and the inner wall fixed connection of 4 fixed plates 44 and enrichment drum 35 is passed through to the edge all around of enrichment backup pad 31, and enrichment backup pad 31 and fixed plate 44 are direct to be printed the preparation with enrichment drum 35 through integration 3D and are formed, realize direct adhesion. The diffraction imaging platform 38 is fixedly connected to the center of the upper surface of the enrichment support plate 31, and the diffraction imaging platform 38 and the enrichment support plate 31 are printed and manufactured in an integrated 3D mode to achieve direct adhesion. The diffraction imaging table 38 is square as a whole, and the center thereof is a stepped hole which is through from top to bottom. The diffraction imaging circuit board 34 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the diffraction imaging table 38. 4 fifth screw holes 32 are formed in the step surface of the step hole, and screws are screwed into the fifth screw holes 32 to realize fixed connection between the diffraction imaging circuit board 34 and the diffraction imaging table 38.
The diffraction imaging circuit board 34 is provided with four parts of a card slot 39, a communication chip 33, a micro control chip 41 and a CMOS chip 40. The CMOS chip 40 is arranged in the right center of the diffraction imaging circuit board 34, a card slot 39, a communication chip 33 and a micro control chip 41 are arranged beside the CMOS chip 40 respectively, an internet of things card is placed in the card slot 39, the communication chip 33 is used for communicating with a cloud server, the micro control chip 41 can achieve automatic operation of the whole device through a software program, and the CMOS chip 40 achieves diffraction image acquisition of the glass slide 37 above. A slide fixing groove 42 is provided on the top surface of the diffraction imaging stage 38 for placing the slide 37, and the slide 37 is horizontally arranged so as to be able to be pushed into and out of the slide fixing groove 42. In operation, the slide 37 is positioned directly above the CMOS chip 40 and directly below the lower opening 29 of the air funnel 9 for the enrichment of diseased spores and the acquisition of diffraction images. The slide 37 is a slide coated with a thin layer of vaseline on the upper surface to enrich the diseased spores.
The enrichment support plate 31 is provided with a third wire hole 63, and the side wall of the diffraction imaging platform 38 is provided with a second wire hole 62 for routing the diffraction imaging circuit board 34.
A circle of enrichment module lower bosses 36 are arranged on the periphery of the edge of the lower bottom surface of the enrichment cylinder 35, the radial thickness of the enrichment module lower bosses 36 is half of the wall thickness of the enrichment cylinder 35, and the enrichment cylinder 35 and an adsorption cylinder 45 below the enrichment cylinder are assembled through the enrichment module lower bosses 36.
Referring to fig. 8, the adsorption module 12 is generally cylindrical, and is easily horizontally disposed and assembled. The adsorption module 12 is externally provided with an adsorption cylinder 45, a circle of adsorption module upper grooves 43 are formed in the periphery of the upper top surface of the adsorption cylinder 45, the radial thickness of each adsorption module upper groove 43 is half of the wall thickness of the adsorption cylinder 45 and is used for being connected with the enrichment module lower boss 36 of the enrichment cylinder 35 above the adsorption cylinder, and the enrichment module 11 and the adsorption module 12 can be assembled by screwing the enrichment module lower boss 36 into the adsorption module upper groove 43.
The adsorption supporting plate 10 horizontally arranged is fixedly connected to the middle of the inside of the adsorption cylinder 45, and the edge of the adsorption supporting plate 10 is directly adhered to the inner wall of the adsorption cylinder 45 through integrated 3D printing. The center of the adsorption support plate 10 is provided with an air flow hole 55 which is vertically penetrated and used for installing the axial flow fan 48. The axial flow fan 48 is fixedly connected to the adsorption support plate 10 through 4 sixth screw holes 47. The air flow holes 55 have a hole diameter half of the outer diameter of the adsorption support plate 10 so as to allow air to flow. The axial flow fan 48 is disposed right below the center of the air flow hole 55, and the axial flow fan 48 and the adsorption support plate 10 can be assembled by screwing screws into the sixth screw holes 47. The adsorption supporting plate 10 is provided with a sixth wire hole 66 for routing the axial flow fan 48.
The periphery of the lower bottom surface of the adsorption cylinder 45 is provided with 4 adsorption module lower grooves 46, the 4 adsorption module lower grooves 46 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the adsorption cylinder 45, and the radial thickness of the adsorption module lower grooves 46 is half of the wall thickness of the adsorption cylinder 45. The assembly of the adsorption module 12 with the power module 15 is accomplished by the connection of the 4 adsorption module lower grooves 46 and the 4 power module bosses 52 of the power cylinder 53 therebelow (see fig. 9).
At the fixed connection telescopic link stationary cylinder 5 of absorption drum 45 outer wall side department, combine fig. 1 again, telescopic link stationary cylinder 5 is used for supporting electric telescopic handle 4, ensures electric telescopic handle 4 steady operation. Open on the side of the outer wall of absorption drum 45 telescopic link fixed slot 7, arrange perpendicularly from top to bottom electric telescopic handle 4, electric telescopic handle 4's lower extreme is opened has the second screw hole 6 that faces telescopic link fixed slot 7, can realize the assembly of electric telescopic handle 4 and telescopic link fixed slot 7 through the screw of revolving into in second screw hole 6 and telescopic link fixed slot 7.
A fourth wire hole 64 is formed in the side wall of the telescopic rod fixing cylinder 5 and used for routing the electric telescopic rod 4. The side wall of the adsorption cylinder 45 is provided with a fifth wire hole 65 for leading out the wiring of the axial flow fan 48 from the interior of the adsorption cylinder 45, so as to control the working states of the electric telescopic rod 4 and the axial flow fan 48.
The 5 parts of the adsorption cylinder 45, the telescopic rod fixing cylinder 5, the adsorption module upper groove 43, the adsorption support plate 10 and the adsorption module lower groove 46 are all made of black nylon materials by 3D printing.
Referring to fig. 9, the power module 15 is generally cylindrical and is easily horizontally placed and assembled. The power supply cylinder 53 is arranged outside the power supply module 15, an opening at the upper part of the power supply cylinder 53 is covered by the power supply fixing cover 13, the temperature and humidity sensor 14 is fixedly arranged on the power supply fixing cover 13, the lower surface of the temperature and humidity sensor 14 is coated with the super glue to realize the assembly with the power supply fixing cover 13, and the temperature and the humidity of the environment can be effectively detected by adopting the temperature and humidity sensor 14. The top surface edge arrangement of power supply cylinder 53 is equipped with 4 power supply module bosss 52, and the radial thickness of power supply module boss 52 is half of the power supply cylinder 53 wall thickness. The 4 power module bosses 52 correspond to the 4 adsorption module lower recesses 46 directly above them, and the adsorption module 12 and the power module 15 are assembled by screwing the power module bosses 52 into the adsorption module lower recesses 46 above them.
The battery 51 is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the power supply cylinder 53, and the strong glue is smeared on the lower bottom surface of the battery 51 to realize the assembly with the power supply cylinder 53. And a motor driving plate 59 is arranged beside the battery 51 and is also fixed on the bottom surface of the power supply cylinder 53 and used for driving the electric telescopic rod 4 and the axial flow fan 48, and strong glue is coated on the lower surface of the motor driving plate 59 to realize the assembly with the power supply cylinder 53.
The power fixing cover 13 is provided with a first power circular hole 50 and a second power circular hole 67 for routing the motor driving board 59 and the battery 51, respectively. The power fixing cover 13, the power module boss 52 and the power cylinder 53 are all made of black nylon materials by 3D printing.
Referring to fig. 10, the battery 51 provides power for the whole detection device, and the diffraction imaging circuit board 34 is responsible for controlling the whole detection device and transmitting the acquired image information to the cloud server for analysis and processing, and then sending the image information to the mobile phone client as required, and displaying the information and prompting the user to operate by the mobile phone software. The micro control chip 41 on the diffraction imaging circuit board 34 is connected with the internet of things card and the CMOS chip 40 through internal wiring of the circuit board, the internet of things card is connected with the communication chip 33, and the communication chip 33 is interconnected with the cloud server. Meanwhile, the micro control chip 41 is further connected with the motor drive board 59, the light emitting diode circuit board 22, the motor drive board 59 and the temperature and humidity sensor 14 through circuit connecting lines, and the output end of the motor drive board 59 is connected with the electric telescopic rod 4 and the axial flow fan 48 respectively. The micro control chip 41 controls the CMOS chip 40 to collect diffraction images, and transmits collected image information to the cloud server through the Internet of things card and the communication chip 33, so that transmission of diffraction image information and receiving of cloud server control instructions are achieved. The micro control chip 41 controls the on and off of the electric telescopic rod 4 and the axial flow fan 48 through the motor driving board 59, and controls the on and off of the patch light emitting diode 17 on the light emitting diode circuit board 22. The micro control chip 41 can receive the temperature and humidity information collected by the temperature and humidity sensor 14 while controlling the temperature and humidity sensor 14 to be turned on and off. All the circuit connecting wires can connect the components through the first routing pipe 57 and the second routing pipe 58 according to actual requirements.
Referring to fig. 1-10, and with reference to fig. 11, when the device for detecting crop diseases based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment works, the crop diseases are detected early according to the following steps:
step 1: arrange crop disease detection device in the field, open battery 51, little control chip 41 controls the shrink of electric telescopic handle 4 through motor drive board 59, drives lamp plate 8 and descends, contacts until lamp plate 8 lower surface and air funnel 9 upper surface, closes paster emitting diode 17 on the lamp plate 8. And coating a thin layer of vaseline on the upper surface of the slide 37, slowly pushing the slide 37 into the slide fixing groove 42, and placing the slide 37 to complete the fixation of the slide 37.
The cloud server sends a control instruction to configure the working state of the detection device and set the disease outbreakThe temperature and humidity condition of early warning, the enrichment time of disease spores and the telescopic length of the electric telescopic rod 4. The temperature range which can be set in the temperature and humidity condition of disease outbreak early warning is T 1 ～T 2 ，0℃<T 1 <T 2 <30℃，T 1 And T 2 The temperature minimum value and the temperature maximum value are respectively, and the settable humidity range is H 1 ～H 2 ，60％RH<H 1 <H 2 <100％RH，H 1 And H 2 Respectively the minimum and maximum humidity. The range of the disease spore enrichment time which can be set is t 1 ，0min<t 1 <9999min. The range of the telescopic length of the electric telescopic rod 4 which can be set is L 1 ，1cm<L 1 <5cm. The settable range of early warning quantity of disease spores of early diseases of crops is N 1 ～N 2 ，0<N 1 <N 2 <300，N 1 And N 2 Respectively the minimum and maximum humidity. The cloud server sends an instruction to complete the setting of temperature, humidity, disease spore enrichment time, the telescopic length of the electric telescopic rod 4 and the early warning number of disease spores.
And 2, step: after receiving a disease detection instruction sent by the cloud server, the communication chip 33 transmits the instruction to the micro control chip 41, the micro control chip 41 starts the temperature and humidity sensor 14 at a set time interval (generally about two hours) to collect environmental temperature and humidity information, the temperature and humidity sensor 14 transmits the temperature and humidity information to the micro control chip 41, the micro control chip 41 judges whether an environmental temperature and humidity value meets a set temperature and humidity condition for disease outbreak early warning, if the temperature and humidity condition for disease outbreak early warning is not met, the micro control chip 41 closes the temperature and humidity sensor 14, and after the set time interval (about two hours), the temperature and humidity sensor 14 is started to collect temperature and humidity at the next time. If the temperature and humidity condition of disease outbreak early warning is met, the micro-control chip 41 closes the temperature and humidity sensor 14, and then the disease spore enrichment process is carried out: firstly, the micro control chip 41 controls the electric telescopic rod 4 to extend through the motor drive board 59 to drive the lamp panel 8 to ascend, and when the set height L is reached 1 Afterwards, electric telescopic handle 4 stops working, and opening between lamp plate 8 and air funnel 9 this momentThe distance between the mouths is the largest so as to facilitate the enrichment of disease spores in the air. The micro-control chip 41 starts the axial flow fan 48 through the motor driving board 59 to rotate at a high speed, and air in the device is extracted from top to bottom, so that the disease spores in the air are enriched on the glass slide 37. Judging whether the set disease spore enrichment time t is reached 1 If the set disease spore enrichment time t is not reached 1 The micro control chip 41 enables the axial flow fan 48 to continue to rotate at a high speed through the motor driving board 59; if the set disease spore enrichment time t is reached 1 The micro-control chip 41 closes the axial flow fan 48 through the motor driving board 59 to stop rotating, so as to reduce the consumption of electric energy and the influence of air flow on diffraction imaging, and complete the enrichment of disease spores.
And step 3: after the enrichment of disease spores is completed, a diffraction imaging process is carried out: at first microcontroller chip 41 controls electric telescopic handle 4 through motor drive board 59 and contracts, drives lamp plate 8 and descends, and the upper surface of lamp plate 8 and the upper surface of air funnel 9 contact, and the last upper shed 28 of air funnel 9 is the closed condition this moment, has formed a darkroom environment, avoids the influence of ambient light to diffraction formation of image to carry out the diffraction detection of disease spore in the air. Then, the micro control chip 41 turns on the patch light emitting diode 17 on the lamp panel 8, the emitted light passes through the micro hole right below the micro control chip to generate coherent light, and controls the CMOS chip 40 located below the glass slide 37 to collect diffraction images of diseased spores on the glass slide 37, and the CMOS chip 40 transmits the diffraction images to the micro control chip 41, so that the collection of the diffraction images of the diseased spores is completed. Then, the micro control chip 41 may enable the CMOS chip 40 to enter a low power consumption mode, and simultaneously turn off the patch light emitting diode 17 of the lamp panel 8, and then the micro control chip 41 controls the internet of things card to transmit the acquired disease spore diffraction image to the cloud server through the communication chip 33, and after the transmission is completed, the micro control chip 41 may enable the communication chip 33 to enter a low power consumption state.
And 4, step 4: and after receiving the diffraction image, the cloud server recombines and verifies the image, and then analyzes and identifies the disease spores in the diffraction image by using a conventional digital image processing method to obtain the number N of the disease spores in the diffraction image. Such asThe number N of the disease spores identified by the fruit is less than or equal to the minimum value N of the early warning number of the disease spores 1 And judging that no disease occurs. If the number of identified disease spores is N 1 And N 2 In between, it is considered that slight disease occurs. If the number of the identified disease spores is more than or equal to the maximum value N of the early warning number of the disease spores 2 Then serious disease is considered to occur. The number N of identified disease spores and the preset early warning number N of the disease spores are calculated 1 And N 2 And judging to determine different disease grades, and sending the early disease information and prevention suggestion of the crops to the mobile phone client according to the different disease grades, so that measures can be taken conveniently to reduce the loss caused by the early diseases of the crops.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a crop disease detection device based on diffraction light discernment and spore enrichment, it is lamp plate (8), air funnel (9), enrichment module (11), adsorption module (12) and power module (15) from last to being down in proper order, and air funnel (9), enrichment module (11), adsorption module (12) and power module (15) are fixed connection in proper order, characterized by: an electric telescopic rod (4) capable of driving the lamp panel (8) to move up and down is arranged beside the lamp panel (8), a rain cover (1), a rain barrel (2) and a supporting plate (21) are arranged outside the lamp panel (8) from top to bottom, the rain barrel (2) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the supporting plate (21), and the rain cover (1) covers an opening at the upper part of the rain barrel (2); the rain shielding cylinder (2) is internally provided with a light-emitting diode circuit board (22), a patch light-emitting diode (17), a third fixing column (20) and a copper sheet (18), the center of the bottom surface of the rain shielding cylinder (2) is fixedly connected with the third fixing column (20), the middle of the upper section of the third fixing column (20) is provided with a square hole, the middle of the lower section of the third fixing column is provided with a third fixing column round hole (61) penetrating through the supporting plate (21), the copper sheet (18) is placed in the square hole, the center of the copper sheet (18) is provided with a micropore positioned right above the third fixing column round hole (61), the patch light-emitting diode (17) is positioned right above the micropore, and the patch light-emitting diode (17) is fixedly welded at the center position of the lower surface of the light-emitting diode circuit board (22); the air funnel (9) is integrally in a conical shape with a large upper part and a small lower part and is arranged right below the third fixing column round hole (61); an enrichment cylinder (35) is arranged outside the enrichment module (11), the bottom inside the enrichment cylinder (35) is fixedly connected with an enrichment support plate (31), the center of the upper surface of the enrichment support plate (31) is fixedly connected with a diffraction imaging table (38), the bottom inside the diffraction imaging table (38) is fixedly connected with a diffraction imaging circuit board (34), a clamping groove (39), a communication chip (33), a micro control chip (41) and a CMOS chip (40) are arranged on the diffraction imaging circuit board (34), the CMOS chip (40) is arranged in the center of the diffraction imaging circuit board (34), and an Internet of things card is placed in the clamping groove (39); the top surface of the diffraction imaging platform (38) is provided with a slide fixing groove (42) for placing a slide (37), and the slide (37) is positioned right above the CMOS chip (40) and right below the air funnel (9); an adsorption cylinder (45) is arranged outside the adsorption module (12), an adsorption support plate (10) which is horizontally arranged is fixedly connected in the middle of the inside of the adsorption cylinder (45), an air flow hole (55) which is through up and down is formed in the center of the adsorption support plate (10), and an axial flow fan (48) is arranged right below the center of the air flow hole (55); a power supply cylinder (53) is arranged outside the power supply module (15), and a temperature and humidity sensor (14), a battery (51) and a motor driving plate (59) are arranged inside the power supply cylinder (53); the intelligent cloud server is characterized in that the micro control chip (41) is connected with an Internet of things card, a CMOS chip (40), a motor drive board (59), a light emitting diode circuit board (22), the motor drive board (59) and a temperature and humidity sensor (14) through circuit connecting lines respectively, the Internet of things card is interconnected with the cloud server through a communication chip (33), and the output end of the motor drive board (59) is connected with the electric telescopic rod (4) and the axial flow fan (48) respectively.
2. The crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment, according to claim 1, characterized in that: a circle of air funnel boss (27) protrudes downwards from the periphery of the edge of the lower bottom surface of the air funnel top plate (26), a circle of enrichment module upper groove (30) is formed in the periphery of the edge of the upper top surface of the enrichment cylinder (35), and the air funnel boss (27) is screwed into the enrichment module upper groove (30); a circle of enrichment module lower lug bosses (36) are arranged on the periphery of the edge of the lower bottom surface of the enrichment cylinder (35), a circle of adsorption module upper grooves (43) are arranged on the periphery of the edge of the upper top surface of the adsorption module (12), and the enrichment module lower lug bosses (36) are screwed into the adsorption module upper grooves (43); an adsorption module lower groove (46) is formed in the edge of the lower bottom surface of the adsorption cylinder (45), a power module boss (52) is arranged on the edge of the top surface of the power supply cylinder (53), and the adsorption module lower groove (46) is connected with the power module boss (52).
3. The crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment, according to claim 1, characterized in that: open on absorption drum (45) outer wall side has telescopic link fixed slot (7), and electric telescopic handle (4) are arranged perpendicularly from top to bottom, and upper end fixed connection is in the edge of lamp plate (8), and the lower extreme is opened has second screw hole (6) that faces telescopic link fixed slot (7), and the screw is gone into in second screw hole (6) and telescopic link fixed slot (7) with fixed electric telescopic handle (4).
4. The crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment, according to claim 1, characterized in that: fixed connection is located first fixed column (19) and second fixed column (24) of third fixed column (20) both sides respectively on the bottom surface of rain-proof section of thick bamboo (2), and the upper segment centre of first fixed column (19) and second fixed column (24) respectively opens has a screw hole, through light emitting diode circuit board (22) of screw hole fixed connection top.
5. The crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: rain shade cover (1), rain shade cylinder (2), support plate (21), air funnel (9), adsorption cylinder (45) and adsorption support plate (10) all use black nylon material to adopt 3D to print the preparation and form.
6. The crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the lower surface of the copper sheet (18) is attached to the upper surface of the third fixing column round hole (61), a gap is reserved between the patch light-emitting diode (17) and the copper sheet (18), a layer of thin vaseline is coated on the upper surface of the glass sheet (37), and the aperture of the air flow hole (55) is half of the outer diameter of the adsorption support plate (10).
7. The method for detecting the crop disease detection device based on diffraction light identification and spore enrichment as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): pushing a glass slide (37) into a slide fixing groove (42) for fixing, collecting environmental temperature and humidity information by a temperature and humidity sensor (14) and transmitting the environmental temperature and humidity information to a micro control chip (41), judging whether the environmental temperature and humidity numerical value meets the set temperature and humidity condition of disease outbreak early warning by the micro control chip (41), if not, closing the temperature and humidity sensor (14), starting the temperature and humidity sensor (14) for next temperature and humidity collection after the set time, and if so, closing the temperature and humidity sensor (14);
step 2): the micro control chip (41) controls the electric telescopic rod (4) to extend through the motor driving board (59), and the lamp panel (8) stops after rising to a set height; starting the axial flow fan (48) to rotate, enriching the disease spores in the air onto the glass slide (37), and closing the axial flow fan (48) when the set disease spore enrichment time is reached;
and step 3): the micro control chip (41) controls the electric telescopic rod (4) to contract through the motor driving board (59), the lamp panel (8) descends to be in contact with the air funnel (9), the patch light-emitting diode (17) is started, the CMOS chip (40) is controlled to collect diffraction images of disease spores on the glass slide (37), the diffraction images are transmitted to the micro control chip (41), and then the collected diffraction images are transmitted to the cloud server through the Internet of things card and the communication chip (33);
and step 4): and the cloud server analyzes and identifies the picture to determine different disease grades.
8. The detection method according to claim 7, wherein: in the step 4), the cloud server analyzes and identifies the disease spores in the diffraction image by using a digital image processing method to obtain the number of the disease spores in the diffraction image, and if the number of the disease spores is less than or equal to the minimum value of the early warning number of the disease spores, no disease occurs; if the number of the disease spores is between the minimum value and the maximum value of the early warning number of the disease spores, slight diseases occur, and if the number of the disease spores is larger than or equal to the maximum value of the early warning number of the disease spores, serious diseases occur.
9. The test strip of claim 7The measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature and humidity conditions for early warning of disease outbreak are that the temperature range is 0-30 ℃, the humidity range is 60-100%, and the disease spore enrichment time t 1 Is 0min<t 1 <9999min, the extension length range L of the electric extension rod (4) 1 Is 1cm<L 1 <5cm, and the early warning quantity range of disease spores is 0-300.
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| CN205390083U (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-27 | 张翼 | Intelligence plant diseases and insect pests monitoring and early warning system |
| CN107034123A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-11 | 鹤壁佳多科工贸股份有限公司 | Agricultural ATCSP Internet of Things spore information catches culture systems automatically |
| CN109491069B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-09-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Device and method for remotely acquiring microscopic images of fungal spores in air |
| CN109957502B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2024-03-26 | 山东农业大学 | Portable spore catcher and catching method |
| CN111909837A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Crop disease spore capturing, separating and detecting device |
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