CN113701448A - Hydrogen liquefaction system and hydrogen liquefaction device based on multistage supersonic two-phase expander - Google Patents
Hydrogen liquefaction system and hydrogen liquefaction device based on multistage supersonic two-phase expander Download PDFInfo
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- CN113701448A CN113701448A CN202110756707.5A CN202110756707A CN113701448A CN 113701448 A CN113701448 A CN 113701448A CN 202110756707 A CN202110756707 A CN 202110756707A CN 113701448 A CN113701448 A CN 113701448A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 121
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/10—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using combined expansion and separation, e.g. in a vortex tube, "Ranque tube" or a "cyclonic fluid separator", i.e. combination of an isentropic nozzle and a cyclonic separator; Centrifugal separation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a hydrogen liquefaction system and a hydrogen liquefaction device based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander, wherein the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander comprises a plurality of compressors, a plurality of heat exchangers, a plurality of supersonic two-phase expanders and a liquid hydrogen storage tank; the pre-cooling pipeline sequentially flows through at least one heat exchanger; the liquid outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the gas outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander flows through the heat exchanger flowing through the precooling pipeline to reach the inlet side of the compressor to participate in the liquefaction cycle. Through the mode, the system precools and cools the liquefaction pipeline through the precooling pipeline, and then further performs expansion refrigeration through the supersonic speed two-phase expander, so that the gaseous hydrogen entering from the compressor side is liquefied into liquid by layer level, and then is stored by the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen liquefaction, in particular to a hydrogen liquefaction system and a hydrogen liquefaction device based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander.
Background
With the large-scale development and utilization of fossil energy, environmental issues arising from the large emission of carbon dioxide have become a global common challenge. In order to achieve the goals of "2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutralization", development and utilization of green clean energy becomes an important research direction. The hydrogen energy is used as a high-efficiency, high-heat-value and renewable clean energy, and plays an important role in improving the energy structure, promoting the energy revolution and realizing energy conservation and emission reduction in the future. Storage and transportation are important keys for hydrogen energy application, the domestic storage and transportation mode mainly based on high-pressure gas hydrogen is difficult to meet the requirements of high convenience and low cost of future hydrogen energy, and liquid hydrogen has great economic advantages in hydrogen storage and long-distance transportation, and is an important solution for large-scale application of hydrogen energy in the future.
The hydrogen liquefaction cycle is divided according to a refrigeration mode and mainly comprises the following steps: a precooling type Linde-Hampson cycle, a precooling type Claude cycle and a helium refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction cycle; the improved hydrogen liquefaction cycle mainly comprises: nitrogen pre-cooling cycle, helium pre-cooling cycle, Joule-Brayton pre-cooling cycle, mixed refrigerant pre-cooling cycle, LNG pre-cooling cycle, cascade cycle, and the like. However, the existing hydrogen liquefaction system generally has the problems of large energy consumption, complex flow and the like, and the turbine expander is adopted as an expansion cooling device, so that the mechanical moving part rotating at high speed brings challenges to safe operation; the turboexpander has a complex structure and is difficult to process; in addition, the turboexpander cannot carry liquid during working, otherwise serious problems such as blade damage and the like can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a hydrogen liquefaction system based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander, which is used for solving the technical problems of complex structure, low operation safety and high energy consumption of the hydrogen liquefaction system in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a hydrogen liquefaction system based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander, which comprises: the system comprises a plurality of compressors, a plurality of heat exchangers, a plurality of supersonic two-phase expanders and a liquid hydrogen storage tank;
the precooling pipeline sequentially flows through at least one heat exchanger;
the liquid outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the gas outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander flows through the heat exchanger flowing through the precooling pipeline to reach the inlet side of the compressor to participate in liquefaction circulation.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen liquefaction system is based on a multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander, the compressor comprises a first compressor and a second compressor, the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, and the supersonic two-phase expander comprises a first supersonic two-phase expander and a second supersonic two-phase expander;
the first supersonic two-phase expander is connected with the second compressor through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; the pre-cooling pipeline sequentially flows through the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger.
According to the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the refrigerating working medium in the precooling pipeline is liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen exchanges heat sequentially through the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger.
According to the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multi-stage supersonic two-phase expansion machine, the liquid outlet side of the first supersonic two-phase expansion machine and the liquid outlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expansion machine are merged and flow to the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
and the air outlet side of the first supersonic two-phase expander is transmitted to the air inlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander.
According to the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander, the gas outlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander is connected with the throttle valve and the gas-liquid separator, one end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the second heat exchanger.
According to the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander, a third supersonic two-phase expander is further arranged on the liquefaction pipeline, and is arranged between the first supersonic two-phase expander and the second supersonic two-phase expander;
a third heat exchanger is further arranged between the second heat exchanger and the first supersonic two-phase expander, a fourth heat exchanger is further arranged between the first supersonic two-phase expander and the third supersonic two-phase expander, and a fifth heat exchanger is further arranged between the third supersonic two-phase expander and the second supersonic two-phase expander;
liquid outlet sides of the first supersonic two-phase expander, the second supersonic two-phase expander and the third supersonic two-phase expander flow to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, an air outlet side of the first supersonic two-phase expander flows to the fourth heat exchanger and enters an air inlet side of the third supersonic two-phase expander, and an air outlet side of the third supersonic two-phase expander flows to the fifth heat exchanger and enters an air inlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander.
According to the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander, one end of the gas-liquid separator flows through the fifth heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger to the third heat exchanger respectively.
According to the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander, a first cooler is further arranged between the first compressor and the second compressor, and a second cooler is further arranged between the second compressor and the first heat exchanger.
According to the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander, the supersonic two-phase expander comprises a cyclone device, a spray pipe, a cyclone separation section, a liquid discharge structure and a diffuser which are sequentially connected, one end, far away from the spray pipe, of the cyclone device corresponds to the air inlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander, the liquid discharge port of the liquid discharge structure corresponds to the liquid outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander, and one side, far away from the cyclone separation section, of the diffuser corresponds to the gas outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a hydrogen liquefying device which comprises the hydrogen liquefying system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander.
The hydrogen liquefaction system and the hydrogen liquefaction device based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the precooling and cooling are carried out on the liquefaction pipeline through the precooling pipeline based on the hydrogen liquefaction system of the multistage supersonic two-phase expander, and then the expansion and refrigeration are further carried out through the supersonic two-phase expander, so that the gaseous hydrogen entering from the compressor side is liquefied into liquid by layers, and then the liquid hydrogen is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Compared with the traditional hydrogen liquefaction system, the supersonic speed two-phase expander which has no moving part and simple structure and can realize expansion in a two-phase region is adopted to replace the traditional turbo expander, so that the system is safer and more reliable, and the flow is simpler.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the supersonic two-phase expander shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander;
reference numerals:
10. a compressor; 110. a first compressor; 120. a second compressor; 130. a first cooler; 140. a second cooler;
20. a heat exchanger; 210. a first heat exchanger; 220. a second heat exchanger; 230. a third heat exchanger; 240. a fourth heat exchanger; 250. a fifth heat exchanger;
30. a supersonic two-phase expander; 310. a first supersonic two-phase expander; 320. a second supersonic two-phase expander; 3210. a throttle valve; 3220. a gas-liquid separator; 330. a third supersonic two-phase expander; 340. a swirling device; 350. a nozzle; 360. a cyclone separation section; 370. a liquid discharge structure; 380. a diffuser;
40. a liquid hydrogen storage tank;
50. a pre-cooling pipeline;
60. a liquefaction line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring now to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen liquefaction system based on a multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander, including a plurality of compressors 10, a plurality of heat exchangers 20, a plurality of supersonic two-phase expanders 30, and a liquid hydrogen storage tank 40; a pre-cooling circuit 50, in turn flowing through at least one heat exchanger 20; the liquefied gas flows through the at least one compressor 10, the heat exchanger 20 through which the at least one pre-cooling pipeline 50 flows, and the supersonic two-phase expander 30, wherein the liquid outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander 30 is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, and the gas outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander 30 flows through the heat exchanger 20 through which the pre-cooling pipeline 50 flows to the inlet side of the compressor 10 to participate in the liquefaction cycle. For a hydrogen liquefaction system based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander, the system precools and cools a liquefaction pipeline 60 through a precooling pipeline 50, and then further performs expansion and refrigeration through a supersonic two-phase expander 30, so that gaseous hydrogen entering from the compressor 10 side is liquefied into liquid by layers, and then is stored in a liquid hydrogen storage tank 40. Compared with the traditional hydrogen liquefaction system, the supersonic speed two-phase expander which has no moving part and simple structure and can realize expansion in the two-phase region is adopted to replace the traditional turbo expander, so that the system is safer and more reliable, and the flow is simpler.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the compressor 10 comprises a first compressor 110 and a second compressor 120, the heat exchanger 20 comprises a first heat exchanger 210 and a second heat exchanger 220, the supersonic two-phase expander 30 comprises a first supersonic two-phase expander 310 and a second supersonic two-phase expander 320; the liquefaction conduit 60 flows sequentially through the first compressor 110, the second compressor 120, the first heat exchanger 210, the second heat exchanger 220 to the first supersonic two-phase expander 310; the pre-cooling circuit 50 flows through the second heat exchanger 220 and the first heat exchanger 210 in sequence.
For the pre-cooling pipeline 50, the refrigerant in the pre-cooling pipeline 50 is liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen exchanges heat sequentially through the second heat exchanger 220 and the first heat exchanger 210. The liquid outlet side of the first supersonic two-phase expander 310 and the liquid outlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander 320 are merged and flow to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40; the outlet side of the first supersonic two-phase expander 310 is conveyed to the inlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander 320. For the second supersonic two-phase expander 320, the gas outlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander 320 is connected with a throttle valve 3210 and a gas-liquid separator 3220, one end of the gas-liquid separator 3220 is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, and the other end is connected with the second heat exchanger 220.
Referring to fig. 2, for the supersonic two-phase expander 30, the supersonic two-phase expander 30 includes a cyclone device 340, a nozzle 350, a cyclone separation section 360, a liquid discharge structure 370 and a diffuser 380, which are connected in sequence, wherein one end of the cyclone device 340 away from the nozzle 350 corresponds to an air inlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander 30, a liquid discharge port of the liquid discharge structure 370 corresponds to a liquid outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander 30, and one side of the diffuser 380 away from the cyclone separation section 360 corresponds to a gas outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander 30.
In a feasible embodiment of the invention, when the system is in operation, gaseous hydrogen sequentially flows through the first compressor 110 and the second compressor 120 to be compressed, heated, pressurized to a high pressure, then enters the first heat exchanger 210 and the second heat exchanger 220 to fully exchange heat with liquid nitrogen in the pre-cooling pipeline 50, at the moment, the high-pressure hydrogen is also pre-cooled to a liquid nitrogen temperature region and further flows to the first supersonic two-phase expander 310, in the first supersonic two-phase expander 310, the pre-cooled hydrogen generates a huge centrifugal force through the cyclone device 340, the medium-entropy expansion, temperature reduction and depressurization are performed in the spray pipe 350 to generate a low-temperature effect, the hydrogen is condensed and nucleated to generate liquid drops and further grow after the temperature is reduced, and a low-temperature liquid phase is discharged to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40 through the liquid discharge structure 370 in the cyclone separation section 360 due to the tangential velocity and the centrifugal effect generated by rotation. After the remaining gas phase is decelerated and boosted by the diffuser 380, a part of the gas phase passes through the second heat exchanger 220 and the first heat exchanger 210 in sequence to exchange heat sufficiently, and then enters the inlet side of the second compressor 120 again, and the other part of the gas phase continues to enter the second supersonic two-phase expander 320, and the process of the occurrence is the same as that in the first supersonic two-phase expander 310, which is not described herein again. The low-temperature liquid is discharged to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, the residual gas phase is subjected to speed reduction and pressure increase through the diffuser 380 and then flows to the throttling valve 3210, the throttling valve 3210 is expanded and cooled and then enters the gas-liquid separator 3220, the low-temperature liquid is also discharged to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, the low-temperature gas phase is subjected to sufficient heat exchange through the second heat exchanger 220 and the first heat exchanger 210 in sequence, then is mixed with supplemented hydrogen, is communicated with the inlet side of the first compressor 110, and enters the first compressor 110 again to participate in circulation.
Referring to fig. 3, a third supersonic two-phase expander 330 is further disposed on the liquefaction pipeline 60, and the third supersonic two-phase expander 330 is disposed between the first supersonic two-phase expander 310 and the second supersonic two-phase expander 320; a third heat exchanger 230 is further arranged between the second heat exchanger 220 and the first supersonic two-phase expander 310, a fourth heat exchanger 240 is further arranged between the first supersonic two-phase expander 310 and the third supersonic two-phase expander 330, and a fifth heat exchanger 250 is further arranged between the third supersonic two-phase expander 330 and the second supersonic two-phase expander 320; the outlet streams of the first supersonic two-phase expander 310, the second supersonic two-phase expander 320 and the third supersonic two-phase expander 330 flow to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, the outlet stream of the first supersonic two-phase expander 310 flows to the fourth heat exchanger 240 and enters the inlet side of the third supersonic two-phase expander 330, and the outlet stream of the third supersonic two-phase expander 330 flows to the fifth heat exchanger 250 and enters the inlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander 320. One end of the gas-liquid separator 3220 flows through the fifth heat exchanger 250 and the fourth heat exchanger 240 to the third heat exchanger 230, respectively. Further, a first cooler 130 is provided between the first compressor 110 and the second compressor 120, and a second cooler 140 is provided between the second compressor 120 and the first heat exchanger 210.
In a feasible embodiment of the invention, when the system is in operation, hydrogen is compressed by the first compressor 110, heated and pressurized, then cooled and cooled by the first cooler 130, then heated and pressurized by the second compressor 120, cooled and cooled by the second cooler 140, subjected to two-stage compression and two-stage cooling, pressurized to high pressure, then fully exchanged heat with liquid nitrogen sequentially through the first heat exchanger 210, the second heat exchanger 220 and the third heat exchanger 230, subjected to three heat exchangers 20, precooled to a liquid nitrogen temperature region by the high-pressure hydrogen, and then fed into the first supersonic two-phase expander 310, in the first supersonic two-phase expander 310, the precooled hydrogen generates huge centrifugal force through the cyclone device 340, subjected to medium-entropy expansion, temperature reduction and pressure reduction in the spray pipe 350 to generate a low-temperature effect, subjected to condensation and nucleation, droplet generation and further growth, and subjected to liquid discharge and coalescence in the cyclone separation section 360 due to tangential velocity and centrifugal action generated by rotation of the low-temperature liquid phase The structure 370 is discharged to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40. The residual gas phase is subjected to speed reduction and pressure increase through a diffuser 380, then fully exchanges heat with the fourth heat exchanger 240, then enters a third supersonic two-phase expander 330, the same process as the first supersonic two-phase expander 310 occurs, the low-temperature liquid is discharged to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, the residual gas phase is subjected to speed reduction and pressure increase through the diffuser 380, then fully releases heat with the fifth heat exchanger 250, then enters a second supersonic two-phase expander 320, the same process as the first supersonic two-phase expander 310 and the third supersonic two-phase expander 330 occurs, the low-temperature liquid phase is discharged to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, the residual gas phase is subjected to speed reduction and pressure increase through the diffuser 380, flows to a throttle valve 3210, is expanded and cooled through the throttle valve 3210, then enters a gas-liquid separator 3220, the low-temperature liquid phase is discharged to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40, the low-temperature gas phase sequentially passes through the fifth heat exchanger 250, the fourth heat exchanger 240, the third heat exchanger 230, the second heat exchanger 220 and the first heat exchanger 210 to flow to the inlet side of the first compressor 110 to be mixed with the supplemented hydrogen, re-entering the first compressor 110 to participate in the cycle.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a hydrogen liquefying device which comprises the hydrogen liquefying system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander.
To sum up, in the hydrogen liquefaction system based on the multistage supersonic two-phase expander provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the precooling pipeline 50 is used for precooling and cooling the liquefaction pipeline 60, and then the gaseous hydrogen entering from the compressor 10 side is further expanded and cooled by the supersonic two-phase expander 30, so that the gaseous hydrogen is hierarchically liquefied into a liquid state, and then is stored in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 40. Compared with the traditional hydrogen liquefaction system, the supersonic speed two-phase expander 30 which has no moving parts and simple structure and can realize expansion in a two-phase region is adopted to replace the traditional turbo expander, so that the system is safer and more reliable, and the flow is simpler.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen liquefaction system based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander, comprising:
the system comprises a plurality of compressors, a plurality of heat exchangers, a plurality of supersonic two-phase expanders and a liquid hydrogen storage tank;
the precooling pipeline sequentially flows through at least one heat exchanger;
the liquid outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the gas outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander flows through the heat exchanger flowing through the precooling pipeline to reach the inlet side of the compressor to participate in liquefaction circulation.
2. The multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 1, wherein the compressor comprises a first compressor and a second compressor, the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, the supersonic two-phase expander comprises a first supersonic two-phase expander and a second supersonic two-phase expander;
the first supersonic two-phase expander is connected with the second compressor through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; the pre-cooling pipeline sequentially flows through the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger.
3. The multistage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 2, wherein the refrigerant in the pre-cooling pipeline is liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen exchanges heat sequentially through the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger.
4. The multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 2, wherein a liquid exit side of the first supersonic two-phase expander and a liquid exit side of the second supersonic two-phase expander merge and flow to the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
and the air outlet side of the first supersonic two-phase expander is transmitted to the air inlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander.
5. The multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 4, wherein a throttle valve and a gas-liquid separator are connected to the gas outlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander, one end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the second heat exchanger.
6. The multistage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 5, wherein a third supersonic two-phase expander is further disposed on the liquefaction conduit, the third supersonic two-phase expander being disposed between the first supersonic two-phase expander and the second supersonic two-phase expander;
a third heat exchanger is further arranged between the second heat exchanger and the first supersonic two-phase expander, a fourth heat exchanger is further arranged between the first supersonic two-phase expander and the third supersonic two-phase expander, and a fifth heat exchanger is further arranged between the third supersonic two-phase expander and the second supersonic two-phase expander;
liquid outlet sides of the first supersonic two-phase expander, the second supersonic two-phase expander and the third supersonic two-phase expander flow to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, an air outlet side of the first supersonic two-phase expander flows to the fourth heat exchanger and enters an air inlet side of the third supersonic two-phase expander, and an air outlet side of the third supersonic two-phase expander flows to the fifth heat exchanger and enters an air inlet side of the second supersonic two-phase expander.
7. The multistage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 6, wherein one end of the gas-liquid separator flows through the fifth and fourth heat exchangers, respectively, to the third heat exchanger.
8. The multi-stage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 2, further comprising a first cooler disposed between the first compressor and the second compressor, and a second cooler disposed between the second compressor and the first heat exchanger.
9. The multistage supersonic two-phase expander-based hydrogen liquefaction system according to claim 1, wherein the supersonic two-phase expander comprises a cyclone device, a nozzle, a cyclone separation section, a liquid discharge structure and a diffuser, which are connected in sequence, wherein one end of the cyclone device, which is far away from the nozzle, corresponds to an air inlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander, a liquid discharge port of the liquid discharge structure corresponds to a liquid outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander, and one side of the diffuser, which is far away from the cyclone separation section, corresponds to a gas outlet side of the supersonic two-phase expander.
10. A hydrogen liquefaction plant comprising a hydrogen liquefaction system based on a multistage supersonic two-phase expander according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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